fǎ lán xī dì wǔ gòng hé guó  (1926niánèryuè2rì～xiànjīn)

kāiduān zhōngjié zàiwèi 1974nián 1981nián 

　　 wǎ lè lǐ · jì sī kǎ · dé sī tǎn （ ValéryGiscardd'Estaing， yòu yì zuò jì sī kǎ； àn “ jì sī kǎ · dé sī tǎn ” wéi xìng，“ wǎ lè lǐ” wéi míng， 1926 nián 2 yuè 2 rì －， fǎ yǔ fā yīn [valeˈʀiʒisˌkaʀdɛsˈtɛ̃]）， shì 1974 nián zhì 1981 nián de fǎ guó zǒng tǒng。 2003 nián huò xuǎn wéi fǎ lán xī xué yuàn yuàn shì。 yīn zhù chí qǐ cǎo《 ōu méng xiàn fǎ tiáo yuē》， yòu bèi yù wéi 'ōu méng xiàn fǎ zhī fù。
　　
　　 cóng zhèng shēng yá
　　 tà rù zhèng jiè (1954-1959)
　　
　　 cóng 1954 nián 6 yuè dào 12 yuè， shí nián 29 suì de jì sī kǎ dān rèn EdgarFaure zǒng lǐ de nèi gé zhù lǐ mì shū cháng。 1956 nián， dāng xuǎn Puy-de-Dôme shěng zhòng yì yuán。 qí céng wài zǔ fù AgénorBardoux yǔ wài zǔ fù JacquesBardoux céng jīng fēn bié yú shí jiǔ 'èr shí shì jì zài gāi shěng chū rèn zhòng yì yuán。 tóng nián tā yě bèi rèn mìng wéi fǎ guó zhù lián hé guó dà huì dài biǎo tuán chéng yuán。 tā yě zài 1958 nián dāng xuǎn shěng yì yuán， bìng dān rèn dào 1974 nián wéi zhǐ。
　　 dài gāo lè zhí zhèng qī jiān (1959-1969)
　　 páng bǐ dù zhí zhèng qī jiān (1969-1974)
　　
　　 páng bǐ dù rèn mìng tā wéi JacquesChaban-Delmas nèi gé（ 1969-1972） de jīng jì cái zhèng bù cháng， bìng zài PierreMessmer nèi gé（ 1972-1974） zhōng jì xù dān rèn cǐ yī zhí wù。
　　
　　 tā yě cóng 1967 nián qǐ dān rèn Puy-de-Dôme shěng Chamalières shì de shì cháng， zhí dào 1974 nián wéi zhǐ。
　　1974 nián zǒng tǒng dà xuǎn
　　
　　 zài páng bǐ dù guò shì hòu， jì sī kǎ zài 1974 nián 4 yuè 2 rì xuān bù cān jiā zǒng tǒng xuǎn jǔ。 yóu yú dé dào xī lā kè de zhī chí， jì sī kǎ zài dì yī lún tóu piào zhōng jī bài liǎo JacquesChaban-Delmas。
　　
　　 zài dì 'èr lún tóu piào qián， yǔ mì tè lǎng de biàn lùn shǐ jì sī kǎ huò dé xiāng dāng de yōu shì， qí zhōng“ bù shì zhǐ yòu nǐ cái yòu liáng xīn”（ Vousn'avezpaslemonopoleducœur） kān chēng jù yòu dài biǎo xìng zhī míng jù。 tā yǐ 50.81% de dé piào shuài xiǎn shèng， chéng wéi dì wǔ gòng hé dì sān rèn zǒng tǒng， shí nián 48 suì。
　　 zǒng tǒng rèn qī (1974-1981)
　　
　　 jì sī kǎ shǒu xiān rèn mìng xī lā kè dān rèn zǒng lǐ， dàn liǎng rén jiān guān xì jǐn zhāng， xī lā kè bìng yú 1976 nián cí zhí。 jì rèn zhě wéi jì sī kǎ yù wéi“ fǎ guó zuì jiā jīng jì xué zhě” de RaymondBarre。 tā tuī dòng liǎo ruò gān duì fǎ guó shè huì yǐng xiǎng zhòng dà de zhì dù gǎi gé： rú lí hūn gǎi wéi jīng yóu shuāng fāng tóng yì、 duò tāi hé fǎ huà、 jiāng chéng nián mén jiàn cóng 21 suì jiàng dào 18 suì děng。
　　
　　 zài jì sī kǎ rèn nèi， liǎng cì shí yóu wēi jī yě zhōng zhǐ liǎo guāng huī sān shí nián de jīng jì chéngzhǎng。 yīn yìng jié yuē néng yuán de hū shēng， zhèng fǔ zài 1976 nián huī fù liǎo xià lìng shí jiān， yǐ jiè yóu rì zhào jié yuē diàn lì。 jì sī kǎ yě jué dìng jì xù tóu rù yóu páng bǐ dù tí chū de mín yòng hé néng fā zhǎn jìhuà。 cǐ shí shī yè shuài yě dà fú pān shēng。
　　
　　 cǐ wài， jì sī kǎ yě shì 'ōu zhōu xiàn fǎ de rè qíng zhī chí zhě： tā cóng tà rù zhèng tán kāi shǐ jiù zhī chí 'ōu zhōu hé zhòng guó de lǐ niàn。 tā zhù zhāng zài“ chāo guó jiā de qiáng shì 'ōu zhōu” yǔ“ shòu zhì gè chéng yuán guó de ruò shì 'ōu zhōu” zhī wài xún qiú“ dì sān tiáo lù”。 tā chuàng shè liǎo 'ōu méng gāo fēng huì。 bìng xié zhù kuò zēng 'ōu zhōu yì huì de quán lì， tè bié shì zài yù suàn shěn chá fāng miàn。
　　
　　 suī rán jì sī kǎ zài gè rén lì chǎng shàng zhī chí yǐ zhōng shēn jiān jìn qǔ dài sǐ xíng， tā réng jù jué liǎo duì sān míng sǐ xíng fàn xíng shǐ tè shè（ qí zhōng liǎng míng wéi móu shā 'ér tóng， lìng yī míng wéi jiān shā 'ér tóng）。 zhè yě shì fǎ guó zuì hòu zhí xíng de sǐ xíng。

　　Valéry Marie René Georges Giscard d'Estaing (French pronunciation: [valeʁi maʁi ʁəne ʒɔʁʒ ʒiskaːʁ dɛsˈtɛ̃]; born 2 February 1926) is a French centre-right politician who was President of the French Republic from 1974 until 1981. As of 2009, he is a member of the Constitutional Council of France.
　　
　　His tenure as President was marked by a more liberal attitude on social issues — such as divorce, contraception, and abortion — and attempts to modernize the country and the office of the presidency, notably launching such far-reaching infrastructure projects as the high-speed TGV train and the turn towards reliance on nuclear power as France's main energy source. However, his popularity suffered from the economic downturn that followed the 1973 energy crisis, marking the end of the "thirty glorious years" after World War II, unfortunately combined with the official discourse that the "end of the tunnel was near". Furthermore, Giscard faced political opposition from both sides of the spectrum: from the newly-unified left of François Mitterrand, and from a rising Jacques Chirac, who resurrected Gaullism on a right-wing opposition line. All this, plus bad public relations, caused his unpopularity to grow at the end of his term, and he failed to secure re-election in 1981.
　　
　　He is a proponent of the United States of Europe and, having limited his involvement in national politics after his defeat, he became involved with the European Union. He notably presided over the Convention on the Future of the European Union that drafted the ill-fated Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe. He took part, with a prominent role, to the annually held Bilderberg private conference. He also became involved in the regional politics of Auvergne, serving as president of that region from 1986 to 2004. He was elected to the French Academy, taking the seat that his friend and former President of Senegal Léopold Sédar Senghor had held. As a former President, he is a member of the Constitutional Council. It is a prerogative that he has taken recently.