měi guó chóngjiàn hé gōng yè huà  (1829niánshíyuè5rì～1886niánshíyīyuè18rì)

kāiduān zhōngjié zàiwèi 1881nián 1885nián 

　　 qiē sī tè · ài lún · ā sè （ ChesterAlanArthur， 1829 nián 10 yuè 5 rì － 1886 nián 11 yuè 18 rì）， yuán wéi zhān mǔ sī · jiā fěi 'ěr dé de fù zǒng tǒng。 1881 nián 7 yuè 2 rì zǒng tǒng zhān mǔ sī · jiā fěi 'ěr dé yù cì， yú zài 9 yuè 19 rì sǐ wáng hòu， suí jí jiē rèn wéi měi guó dì 'èr shí yī rèn zǒng tǒng (1881 nián 9 yuè 19 rì – 1885 nián 3 yuè 4 rì )。 rèn zhí qī jiān tā qiān shǔ liǎo pái huá fǎ 'àn。

　　Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 – November 18, 1886) was an American politician who served as the 21st President of the United States. Arthur was a member of the Republican Party and worked as a lawyer before becoming the 20th Vice President under James Garfield. While Garfield was mortally wounded by Charles J. Guiteau on July 2, 1881, he did not die until September 19, at which time Arthur was sworn in as president, serving until March 4, 1885.
　　
　　Before entering elected politics, Arthur was a member of the Stalwart faction of the Republican Party and a political protégé of Roscoe Conkling, rising to Collector of the Port of New York, a position to which he was appointed by President Ulysses S. Grant. He was then removed by the succeeding president, Rutherford B. Hayes, in an effort to reform the patronage system in New York.
　　
　　To the chagrin of the Stalwarts, the onetime Collector of the Port of New York became, as President, a champion of civil service reform. He avoided old political cronies and eventually alienated his old mentor Conkling. Public pressure, heightened by the assassination of Garfield, forced an unwieldy Congress to heed the President. Arthur's primary achievement was the passage of the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act. The passage of this legislation earned Arthur the moniker "The Father of Civil Service" and a favorable reputation among historians.
　　
　　Publisher Alexander K. McClure wrote, "No man ever entered the Presidency so profoundly and widely distrusted, and no one ever retired… more generally respected." Author Mark Twain, deeply cynical about politicians, conceded, "It would be hard indeed to better President Arthur's administration."