孫吳 人物列錶
孫堅 Sun Jian孫策 Sun Ce孫權 Sun Quan孫亮 Sun Liang
孫休 Sun Xiu孫和 Sun He孫皓 Sun Hao
孫亮 Sun Liang
孫吳  (243年260年)
姓:
名:
網筆號: 吳廢帝
籍貫: 吳郡富春
陵墓: 定陵
開端終結
在位252年260年
建兴252年四月253年
五凤254年256年十月
太平256年十月258年十月

  年字:子明
  籍貫:吳郡富春
  生卒 243 — 260(18歲)
  家庭成員:父:孫權
  人物傳記:孫權的第七子,吳國的第二代皇帝。他是個聰明的皇帝,看到孫綝專權,圖謀殺之,但最終失敗。帝位被廢,淪為會稽王。
  歷史評價:陳壽:孫亮童孺而無賢輔,其替位不終,必然之勢也。
  魏文帝黃初二年(221年),孫權為吳王,立長子登為王太子。黃竜元年(229年),權稱帝,都建業(今江蘇南京市),登為皇太子。太子官屬有諸葛恪、張休、顧譚、陳表等;賓客有謝景、範慎、刁玄等,“於是東宮號為多士”。登生母身份低賤,連其姓氏都末見於史册。孫權所愛王夫人生子和及霸,登常有讓位於和之意。孫權赤烏四年(241年)登死。下一年,權立和為太子,不久,封霸為魯王。權之愛霸,更甚於和,對霸的待遇,同太子沒有什麽兩樣。因此,和、霸不睦,大以也分為二部,比較正派的大臣如陸遜、諸葛恪、顧譚、朱據、屈晃、滕胤、施績、丁密等維護太子,公主魯班(孫權寵姬步夫人所生的長女,嫁給全綜)、全綜子寄、楊竺、吳安、孫奇等則想依靠魯王撈取政治上的好處,所以擁戴霸而“詆毀大子”。一次,權得疾,譴太子到長沙恆王孫策廟祈禱,太子妃叔父傢離廟很近.乃把太子請到傢中。公主魯班聞知,乃嚮孫權進讒,言太子不去廟禱告.卻往妃傢計議,於是和寵益衰,兩派大臣的爭鬥也更厲害。孫權認為“子弟不睦,臣下分部……一人立者,安得不亂 ”。乃廢太子和,賜魯王霸死。另立所愛潘夫人幼子孫亮為太子。
  以上的事,不衹是立誰為太子的問題,而是孫權統治集團內部矛盾復雜的反映。其中最突出的事例,可以拿陸遜同孫權的關係來說明。陸遜是跟隨孫權時間較久、功勞很大的大臣,孫權早時把孫策之女嫁給了陸遜。呂蒙死後,陸遜成為抗拒魏、蜀二國的主要支柱。但孫權對陸遜的重用主要在軍事方面,始終沒有交給陸遜軍政大權。最後權令遜代頤雍為丞相時,雖口頭上說:“有超世之功者,必應光大之寵,懷文武之才者,必荷社稷之重”。但事實是:孫權不聽從陸遜屢求保安太子、降昏王之諫.又相繼流放陸遜外甥顧譚、顧承、姚信,誅親近陸遜的吾縻。孫權更“纍譴中使責讓遜”,使遜“憤而至卒”。逼死了陸遜。
  孫權所以逼死陸遜,决不衹是因遜維護太子的問題,主要癥結在於權認為遜對其統治已構成威脅。根據當時情況,權所以疑忌和逼死遜,約有以下四個原因:
  (1)遜“世江東大族”,從祖康,廬江太守,康績,鬱林太守,績從子綢,選曹尚書。遜族子凱,建武校尉,凱弟胤,交州刺史。陸績外甥邵為丞相顧雍之子,任豫章太守。顧邵子譚為陸遜外甥,任左節度,加奉車都尉。譚弟承,奮威將軍。遜外甥姚信,太常。可見遜傢族姻親甚為顯赫,此為孫權忌遜原因之一。
  (2)呂蒙死後,遜一直鎮守武昌,聲望至隆。吳國權要,上自太子登,下至步騭、諸葛謹、潘睿、朱據等將相都與遜交好,特別是遜功高震主,為權所畏忌。到孫權統治的後期,三國疆域大致己確定,權對外攻雖不足,守則有餘。即無遜,亦可劃江自保,無何重大危險。所以僅衹讓遜做了幾天丞相,就藉立太子事,悄悄地逼死了他。
  (3)孫權為身後之計,怕嗣主駕馭不了遜,所以遜等越是擁戴太子和,孫權越疑惑不安。權在逼死遜之前,先剪除其親黨。以後孫權雖然立了幼子亮為太子,但挑選的首輔,卻是資望較淺、社會關係比較單薄的僑居大族諸葛恪,就可以說明孫權是不願從陸、顧等枝葉繁茂的江東大族中選擇輔政者的。從史書記載上看,孫權於武多文少的呂蒙、凌統、朱然等死後,極為哀悼傷懷。可是他不僅逼遜致死,並且還追詰遜子抗。這不是由於猜忌遜,還是什麽呢?
  (4)還有一個不易被人們發覺的因素,即遜為孫策之婿,權最初將策女嫁給遜時,當然是為了加強君臣間的關係,但當遜功高震主時,這門親事便轉化為雙方關係的不利因素。權的江東基業本來是從兄策手中繼承的,但權對策子並不與己子同樣看待,陳壽即認為權對策子有虧待之處。壽在《孫策傳》評曰:“割據江東,策之基兆也,而權尊崇未至,子止侯爵,於義儉矣”。孫盛還為此替權辯護,認為這樣作.是為了“正名定本,使貴賤殊邈,然後國無陵肆之責,後嗣罔猜忌之嫌”。孫盛這種看法,是迂闊而不切合事實的。權既定孫和為太子,又給孫霸以過分的待遇,使之恕覬覦太子寶座,還談得上什麽“正名定本,使貴賤殊邈”呢?孫權諸子雖孩提亦封王,而策子卻終身為侯,不是虧待是什麽呢?這一點,連權本人也是不無內疚的。史言:“吳主寢疾,譴太子禱於長沙桓王廟”。權病了,不嚮其父武烈皇帝堅禱告,卻偏嚮兄長禱告,正說明權內心隱處也覺得對不住創業的兄長,怕他怪罪,所以纔有此舉。權之猜防遜,不會與遜為策婿毫無關聯。陳壽拿權與勾踐相比,正是他識見高超之處。非深知權之為人,固不能道此。
  因此,我們可以概括為一句話,孫權與陸遜兩人的矛盾乃是君主專製與權勢大族矛盾的體現。孫吳統治集團內部各種矛盾和衝突的加劇、導致了吳國的衰落...
  其實孫亮非常聰明,觀察和分析事物都非常深入細緻,常常能使疑難事物得出正確的結論,為一般人所不及。
  一次,孫亮想要吃生梅子,就吩咐黃門官去庫房把浸着蜂蜜的蜜汁梅取來。這個黃門官心術不正又心胸狹窄,是個喜歡記仇的小人。他和掌管庫房的庫吏素有嫌隙,平時兩人見面經常口角。他懷恨在心,一直伺機報復,這次,可讓他逮到機會了。他從庫吏那裏取了蜜汁梅後,悄悄找了幾顆老鼠屎放了進去,然後纔拿去給孫亮
  不出他所料,孫亮沒吃幾口就發現蜂蜜裏面有老鼠屎,果然勃然大怒:“是誰這麽大膽,竟敢欺到我的頭上,簡直反了!”心懷鬼胎的黃門官忙跪下奏道:“庫吏一嚮不忠於職責,常常遊手好閑,四處閑逛,一定是他的瀆職纔使老鼠屎掉進了蜂蜜裏,既敗壞主公的雅興又有損您的健康,實在是罪不容恕,請您治他的罪,好好兒教訓教訓他!”
  孫亮馬上將庫吏召來審問鼠屎的情況,問他道:“剛纔黃門官是不是從你那裏取的蜜呢?”庫吏早就嚇得臉色慘白,他磕頭如搗蒜,結結巴巴地回答說:“是……是的,但是我給他……的時候,裏面……裏面肯定沒有鼠屎。”黃門官搶着說:“不對!庫吏是在撒謊,鼠屎早就在蜜中了!”兩人爭執不下,都說自己說的是真話。
  侍中官刁玄和張邠(bin)出主意說:“既然黃門官和庫吏爭不出個結果,分不清到底是誰的罪責,不如把他們倆都關押起來,一起治罪。”
  孫亮略一沉思,微笑着說:“其實,要弄清楚鼠屎是誰放的這件事很簡單,衹要把老鼠屎剖開就可以了。”他叫人當着大傢的面把鼠屎切開,大傢仔細一看,衹見鼠屎外面沾着一層蜂蜜,是濕潤的,裏面卻是乾燥的。孫亮笑着解釋說:“如果鼠屎早就掉在蜜中,浸的時間長了,一定早濕透了。現在它卻是內幹外濕,很明顯是黃門官剛放進去的,這樣栽贓,實在是太不像話了!”
  這時的黃門官早嚇昏了頭,跪在地上如實交待了陷害庫吏、欺君罔上的罪行。
  可見,我們對於形式復雜難以判斷的事物衹要全面分析、推理,開動腦筋想辦法,不被表面現象所迷惑,不被事物的復雜性所嚇倒,這樣就能正確認識事物的現象和本質。
  
  繼位
  
  孫亮是吳大帝孫權最小的兒子,所以最初他不是太子。然而,他的長兄孫登早年已經去世,而另一位兄長孫和則因被陷害而被廢去太子之位,於是孫權便立孫亮為太子。
  
  孫權於252年去世,孫亮繼位,時年八歲。
  
  在位期間
  
  早年大事
  
  孫亮即位時,由諸葛恪、滕胤、呂岱等人輔政。諸葛恪在孫亮繼位後便出兵北伐,進攻魏國,但最後因瘟疫而失敗。
  
  253年,吳國宗室孫峻發動政變,殺死諸葛恪。孫峻出任丞相。
  
  孫峻與孫綝專政
  
  孫峻的政權並不穩定。在他殺諸葛恪後,有多人想暗殺孫峻,但最後均事敗被迫令自殺或處死。
  
  255年,孫峻帶兵與魏國於淮河一帶交戰獲勝,魏將文欽投降。次年,孫峻派遣呂據等將領進攻魏國,但孫峻在戰爭期間病逝,由從弟孫綝接掌權力。呂岱亦於是年去世。
  
  孫綝的繼任引發了另一次政變。呂據、文欽等人要求封滕胤為丞相。孫綝沒有理會他們的訴求,反而殺死滕胤和呂據。另一位將領王惇密謀殺死孫綝,亦事敗被殺。
  
  廢黜
  
  257年,孫亮親政,但施政常被孫綝掣肘。孫亮認為孫綝造成了很大的禍害,於是推行多項措施 (如訓練少年軍) 以準備推翻他。
  
  同年,魏國的諸葛誕在壽春發動叛亂,把兒子諸葛靚送到吳國做人質。孫綝派兵協助諸葛誕但最終失敗。一些參戰的將領因為怕被孫綝殺死而投降了魏國。
  
  258年,孫綝發現孫亮想殺死自己,於是廢孫亮為會稽王,改立孫休為帝。和孫亮一起策劃政變的大臣都被孫綝殺死。
  
  孫亮之死
  
  260年,孫亮的封地會稽傳出謠言,說孫亮將返回建業復闢;而孫亮的侍從亦聲稱孫亮在祭祀時口出惡言。
  
  經審判後,孫亮被貶為侯和流放,途中死去。據《三國志》記載,孫亮可能是自殺,也可能是被孫休派人毒死的。孫亮死時衹有18歲。
  
  後妃:
  全惠解,全尚的女兒,253年立為皇后。


  Wei Wendi Huang first two years (221 years), Sun Quan as king, the eldest son of Deng as Li Dauphin. Huanglong first year (229 years), the right to Emperors, have Jianye (today in Nanjing, Jiangsu), registered for the crown prince. Prince Guanzhu have Zhuge Ke, Zhang Hugh, Gu Tan, Chen, etc.; guests have Xie Jing, Fan Shen, Xuan Diao, "Orient House was No. toast." Teng mother as inferior, and even its name are found in the annals of late. Sun Quan Mrs. Wang have children and love and gangsters, registration, and often give meaning. Sun Quan Chi Ukraine four years (241 years) board died. The next year, the right to establish and to Prince Edward, soon to Lu Wang Feng Pa. Rights sit-ins, even more in and, on the hegemony of the treatment, with the Prince is no different. Therefore, and, Pa discord, to also divided into two large, relatively decent as a minister of Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Ke, Gu Tan, David according to Qu Huang, Teng Yin, Shi Ji, such as maintenance of small dense crown prince, princess Luban ( Step born wife of Sun Quan's eldest daughter's favorites, married to all mechanized), all integrated sub-Send, Yang Zhu, Wu An, Sun Qi Lu Wang and so would like to rely on fish for political advantage, so support tyrants and "defamation of a large sub- . " Time, the right to get ill, condemned the Prince to the temple to pray Changsha Hang Wang Sun Ce, Crown Princess home from the temple close to his uncle. Prince Edward is to go home. Princess Luban heard about, is to the Sun Quan into slander, not to the temple made by Prince prayer. Princess House has to be reconsidered, and pets benefit so bad, the two factions struggle minister more powerful. Sun Quan that "the children of discord, the subjects as division ... ... one person is standing, An Debu chaos." Prince is a waste and, giving Lu Wang Pa death. Young children who are Aipan Fu separate light for the Prince.
  (4) There is also a factor not easily find people, that Johnson was Sun Ce of the husband, making women the right to marry Johnson initially, of course, is to strengthen the relationship between monarch and his subjects, but when the power of high seismic Lord Thomson, this door marriage will be transformed into the relationship of the adverse factors. Jiang Dongji industry had the right policy from the hands of brother inherited, but the child is not the right measures and a son, the same way, Chen Shou that the right measures that are ill-treated between children. Life in the "Sun Ce Biography" comments, saying: "separatism Koto, making the Henderson also, and the right to respect before the arrival, only son of the Marquis, on the meaning of thrifty carry on." Sun Sheng also do this for the right to defend that to do so. In order to "rectify the name the final version, so profound, something special, and then worn in traditional state responsibility, heirs without undue suspicion of the suspect." Sun Sheng this view, is Yukuo not meet the facts. Sun and for the established right of Prince Edward, gave Sun Pa to over-treatment, so sorry coveted the throne, Prince, also talk about what "name the final version, so, something special Miao" mean? Although childhood Scholars also champion Sun Quan, and making life for the child but Hou is not ill-treat what is it? Even the right to himself is not without guilt. History words: "Lord Qin Ji Wu, contingent Prince prayer at Changsha Huan Temple." The right to sick, not to his father, Emperor Wu Liehuang strong prayer, but prayer bias brother, is indicative of right heart felt apologies to hiding, entrepreneurship brother, fearing that he blamed, it would have. Right guess against Johnson, and Johnson will not be unrelated to policy-law. Take the right compared with the Gou Shou is superb between his knowledge and experience. Man rights of non-aware of, this solid can not Road.
  Therefore, we can be summarized as one word, the contradiction between the two Sun Quan and Wu Kingdom and the power of absolute monarchy but Han Conflicting. Sun Wu internal contradictions and conflicts intensified, leading to the decline of Wu ...
  253, Wu Guozong Room Sun Jun coup, killing Zhuge Ke. Sun Jun Ren Chengxiang out.
  255 years, Sun Jun soldier at war with Wei won in the Huaihe River area, Wen Qin Wei will surrender. The following year, Sun Jun sending generals such attacks, according to Lu Wei, but Sun Jun died during the war by Sun Chen took over power from the brother. Dai-have died then.
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