wǎ xī lǐ sān shì Vasily III
mò sī kē dà gōng
( 1479niánsānyuè25rì～ 1533niánshíèryuè13rì)
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wǎ xī lǐ sān shì · yī wàn nuò wéi qí（ é yǔ： ВасилиIIIИванович， 1479 nián 3 yuè 25 rì ~1533 nián 12 yuè 4 rì） mò sī kē dà gōng（ 1505 nián ~1533 nián zài wèi）。
zǎo nián shì jì
wǎ xī lǐ sān shì shì mò sī kē dà gōng yī fán sān shì · wǎ xī lǐ yé wéi qí hé bài zhàn tíng gōng zhù suǒ fěi yà · bā liè 'ào lüè zhī zǐ。 tā de jiào míng shì jiā fū lǐ 'ěr。
wǎ xī lǐ sān shì de shàng tái jīng lì liǎo yī fān dǒu zhēng； tā de fù qīn yī fán sān shì běn lái shì yào bǎ dà gōng gōng wèi chuán gěi zì jǐ de zhǎngzǐ yī fán · yī wàn nuò wéi qí de。 yī fán · yī wàn nuò wéi qí yǔ wǎ xī lǐ sān shì shì yì mǔ xiōng dì， shì yī fán sān shì de dì yī gè qī zǐ suǒ shēng。 dàn shì yī fán zài 1490 nián xiān yú qí fù qù shì， zhè shǐ yī fán sān shì bì xū yào zài wǎ xī lǐ hé yī fán de 'ér zǐ dé mǐ tè lǐ · yī wàn nuò wéi qí zhōng zuò chū xuǎn zé。 yóu yú wǎ xī lǐ de mǔ qīn zài mò sī kē bìng bù shòu huān yíng， dà duō shù guì zú dū zhī chí dé mǐ tè lǐ。 zài shǎo shù guì zú de zhī chí xià， wǎ xī lǐ jué dìng dìng 'ér zǒu xiǎn fā dòng zhèng biàn。 tā qǐ tú lí kāi mò sī kē duó qǔ wò luò gé dá， rán hòu yǐ nà lǐ wéi gēn jù dì cuī huǐ dé mǐ tè lǐ de shì lì。 dàn shì zhè gè yīn móu zài 1497 nián mò bài lù liǎo。 yī fán sān shì bǎ wǎ xī lǐ zhuā liǎo qǐ lái， tā de zhī chí zhě dōubèi chǔjué huò liú fàng。 dàn shì dé mǐ tè lǐ de yōu shì zhǐ wéi chí liǎo bù cháng shí jiān： 1502 nián yī fán sān shì jiān jìn liǎo dé mǐ tè lǐ， yuán yīn kě néng shì tā de mù liáo juǎnrù liǎo móu hài wǎ xī lǐ de yīn móu。 yú shì kě néng de jì chéng zhě zhǐ shèng xià wǎ xī lǐ liǎo。
guó nèi shì wù
zài duì nèi zhèng cè fāng miàn， wǎ xī lǐ sān shì jì chéng liǎo lì dài mò sī kē dà gōng de gòng tóng zhèng cè， nǔ lì tuī dòng 'é guó tǒng yī。 zài wǎ xī lǐ sān shì tǒng zhì shí qī， é guó zuì hòu yī pī bàn dú lì de fēng jiàn gōng guó yě bèi bìng rù mò sī kē gōng guó bǎn tú。 mò sī kē xiān hòu yú 1510 nián jiān bìng pǔ sī kē fū； 1513 nián jiān bìng wò luò cí kè； 1521 nián jiān bìng liáng zàn； 1522 nián jiān bìng nuò fū gē luó dé - xiè wéi 'ěr sī jī。
wèile shí xiàn tā de zhōng yāng jí quán jìhuà， wǎ xī lǐ sān shì jìn xíng liǎo dà guī mó de zhèng zhì dǒu zhēng。 tā zuì chū zhù yào yǐ kào 'é guó jiào huì zhōng de jìn yù pài zhī chí。 cóng 1510 nián qǐ， jìn yù pài sī xiǎng jiā wǎ xī 'ān · pà tè lǐ kè yé fū shì dà gōng gōng tíng zhōng zuì yòu yǐng xiǎng de rén wù。 dàn dào liǎo 1520 nián dài， suí zhe yǔ guì zú dǒu zhēng de jī huà， wǎ xī lǐ sān shì zhuǎn 'ér fú chí jiào huì zhōng zhī chí tā fǎn duì dà fēng jiàn zhù de yī pài， jí yuē sè fū pài。 fǎn duì dà gōng zhèng cè de rén de mìng yùn shì bēi cǎn de。 1521 nián， wǎ xī lǐ sān shì kāi shǐ cèhuà chú diào fēng yì wáng gōng wǎ xī lǐ · yī wàn nuò wéi qí · shè mǐ yà qì qí（ tā tǒng zhì zhe nuò fū gē luó dé - xiè wéi 'ěr sī jī）， quán 'é dū zhù jiào wǎ 'ěr lā mǔ yīn jù jué cānyù zhè gè jìhuà 'ér bèi fàng zhú， dà guì zú wǎ xī lǐ · wǎ xī lǐ yé wéi qí · shū yī sī jī hé yī fán · mǐ hā yī luò wéi qí · wò luó téng sī jī yě yīn cǐ shī chǒng。 1522 nián， wǎ xī lǐ sān shì dài bǔ liǎo wǎ xī lǐ · yī wàn nuò wéi qí · shè mǐ yà qì qí， jié shù liǎo nuò fū gē luó dé - xiè wéi 'ěr sī jī gōng guó de cún zài。 1525 nián， wài jiāo guān bié kè liè mǐ shè fū yīn pī píng wǎ xī lǐ sān shì de zhèng cè 'ér bèi chǔsǐ， yòu míng wàng de xué zhě xī là rén mǎ kè xī mǔ（ tā juǎnrù liǎo cǐ shì） yě shòu dào dǎ jī。 1531 nián， xī là rén mǎ kè xī mǔ hé wǎ xī 'ān · pà tè lǐ kè yé fū yīn gōng kāi fǎn duì wǎ xī lǐ sān shì lí hūn 'ér zài cì shòu dào biǎn chì。
zài wǎ xī lǐ sān shì shí dài， guì zú yǔ wáng shì zhū wáng gōng de shì lì shòu dào jí dà yì zhì， yī qiē wèn tí jūn yǐ zhuān zhì fāng shì jiě jué。 shì xí dà guì zú（ bō yǎ 'ěr） de tè quán shòu dào xiàn zhì， ér qiě wǎ xī lǐ sān shì kè yì cóng zhōng xiǎo guì zú zhōng tí bá yòu néng lì de rén lái dān dāng zhòng yào zhí wù， zhè xiē rén xiǎn rán zhǐ néng yǐ fù bìng zhōng shí yú dà gōng。 zài jīng jì fāng miàn， dì zhù tǔ dì suǒ yòu zhì huò dé wěn dìng fā zhǎn。
15 shì jì hòu qī， mò sī kē mín jiān jiàn jiàn liú chuán yī zhǒng shuō fǎ， rèn wéi mò sī kē gōng guó shì bài zhàn tíng dì guó de jì chéng zhě， mò sī kē jiāng chéng wéi “ dì sān gè、 yě shì yǒng jiǔ de luó mǎ ”。 1510 nián， pǔ sī kē fū yè lì zhā luó fū xiū dào yuàn de zhǎnglǎo fěi luò fèi zuò zàn cí xiàn gěi wǎ xī lǐ sān shì ， chēng“ liǎng gè luó mǎ xiàn luò liǎo， dàn dì sān gè réng rán tǐng lì zhe； bù huì zài yòu dì sì gè。 wú rén néng qǔ dài nín de jī dū jiào wáng guó！”， zuì qīng chǔ dì biǎo dá liǎo zhè zhǒng yì jiàn。
duì wài zhèng cè
zài wǎ xī lǐ sān shì shí dài， mò sī kē gōng guó zhì lì yú huī fù 'é guó xī bù hé xī nán bù bèi lì táo wǎn - bō lán tūn bìng de tǔ dì， tóng shí yǔ kè lǐ mǐ yà hàn guó hé kā shān hàn guó de jiāo wǎng yě bèi tí dào yì shì rì chéng shàng lái。
1507 nián ~1508 nián， wǎ xī lǐ sān shì yǔ lì táo wǎn jìn xíng liǎo yī cì wú jiēguǒ de zhàn zhēng。 1512 nián tā zài cì yǔ lì táo wǎn kāi zhàn， wéi kùn sī mó lēng sī kè， dàn wèi néng gōng kè。 zhí dào 1514 nián 'é jūn cái zuì hòu qǔ dé yōu shì， shǐ sī mó lēng sī kè zhòng xīn bìng rù 'é guó。 1520 nián， mò sī kē yǔ lì táo wǎn qiān dìng liǎo wéi qī 5 nián de hé píng tiáo yuē。
zài duì kàng xī fāng de dí rén shí， mò sī kē yǔ dōng miàn de dá dá zhū hàn guó de guān xì yě rì qū jǐn zhāng。 kè lǐ mǐ yà dá dá rén zài 1507 nián、 1516 nián、 1518 nián hé 1521 nián duō cì duì 'é guó fā dòng qīn xí， ér qiě hái cún zài tā men yǔ lì táo wǎn jié méng de wēi xiǎn。 zì cóng yī fán sān shì zài 1487 nián gōng zhàn kā shān yǐ lái， mò sī kē jiù bù fēn kòng zhì zhe kā shān de zhèng zhì shì wù； wǎ xī lǐ sān shì xiǎn rán jué xīn wéi hù zhè zhǒng zōng zhù quán。 1506 nián tā duì kā shān jìn xíng liǎo yī cì bù chéng gōng de wéi gōng。 1516 nián kā shān hàn guó jué sì hòu， wǎ xī lǐ sān shì yǔ kè lǐ mǐ yà hàn guó lún liú bǎ kuǐ léi qiáng jiā gěi kā shān。 1518 nián wǎ xī lǐ sān shì rèn mìng zì jǐ de chén shǔ shā 'ā · ā lǐ wéi kā shān hàn。 1523 nián wǎ xī lǐ sān shì duì kā shān fā dòng yuǎn zhēng， bìng xiū jiàn liǎo zhù míng de wǎ xī lǐ sū 'ěr sī kè yào sài。 1524 nián zài cì yuǎn zhēng kā shān hàn guó， bìng 'ān chā sà fǎ · gé léi wéi kā shān hàn。 1531 nián， wǎ xī lǐ sān shì yòu rèn mìng zàn · ā lǐ wéi kā shān hàn。
zhè yī shí qī de 'é guó yǔ shì jiè shàng qí tā guó jiā（ rú fǎ guó hé yìn dù） yě chū bù jiàn lì liǎo lián xì。 1508 nián， wǎ xī lǐ sān shì yǔ ruì diǎn qiān dìng liǎo yī fèn 60 nián hé píng tiáo yuē， cóng 'ér jié shù liǎo yī fán sān shì shí dài fā shēng de 'é ruì zhàn zhēng。
wǎ xī lǐ sān shì yú 1533 nián qù shì， yí tǐ zàng yú mò sī kē tiān shǐ zhǎngdà jiào táng。
jiā tíng
wǎ xī lǐ sān shì jié guò liǎng cì hūn。 tā de dì yī gè qī zǐ shì suǒ luó mén ní yà · yóu lǐ yé fú nà · sà bù luó wá， tā shì yī gè xiǎo guì zú de nǚ 'ér。 liǎng rén yú 1505 nián jié hūn， yīn wéi cháng qī wú zǐ， zài 1525 nián lí hūn。 1526 nián wǎ xī lǐ sān shì qǔ liǎo dì 'èr gè qī zǐ yè lián nà · wǎ xī lǐ yé fú nà · gé lín sī kǎ yà， tā chū shēn yú zhù míng de gé lín sī jī jiā zú， shì wáng gōng wǎ xī lǐ · lì wò wéi qí · gé lín sī jī de nǚ 'ér， dà guì zú mǐ hā yī 'ěr · lì wò wéi qí · gé lín sī jī de zhí nǚ。
wǎ xī lǐ sān shì de suǒ yòu hái zǐ dōulái zì dì 'èr cì hūn yīn， tā men shì：
* yī fán sì shì · wǎ xī lǐ yé wéi qí， jì chéng dà gōng gōng wèi， hòu chéng wéi 'é guó de dì yī wèi shā huáng
* yóu lǐ · wǎ xī lǐ yé wéi qí， wū gé lì qí gōng jué
Vasily III, Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III Vasilyevich, and the son of the Byzantine princess 索菲娅巴列奥 slightly. His Christian name is Gavriil.
In domestic policy, Vasily III of Moscow inherited the ancient Grand Duchy of common policies and strive to promote the unity of Russia. In the reign of Vasily III, the last batch of Russian semi-independent feudal principality was incorporated into the territory of the Moscow principality. Moscow has in the 1510 annexation of Pskov; 1513 merger Woluocike; 1521 merger Ryazan; 1522 annexation of Novgorod - Seversky.
To achieve his centralized plan, Vasily III, the political struggle on a large scale. He was initially rely mainly on the Russian Church in support of abstinence camp. From 1510 onwards, abstinence send thinkers wasian Patrikeyev Grand Palace is the most influential figure. But to the 1520s, with the intensification of the struggle with the aristocracy, Vasily III to support the church in turn support his faction against the big feudal lords, that Joseph School. Against the policy of the fate of the Grand Duke is tragic. In 1521, Vasily III started planning rid of feudalism, kings and Vasili Ivanovich Shemyachich (who ruled Novgorod - Seversky), Metropolitan of Russia Walras Farm for refusing to participate in this program was banished aristocrat Vasili Stojakovic Uncle Ivan Mikhailovich Cvoro Tynski easky and also fell out of favor. 1522, the arrest of Vasily III Vasily Shemyachich end to Novgorod - Seversky Principality existence. 1525, diplomats Beklemishev for criticizing the policy of Vasily III was killed, a renowned Greek scholar Maxim (he was involved in the matter) is also affected. 1531, the Greeks Maksim and wasian Patrikeyev Vasily III, public opposition to divorce and again been denounced.
The late 15th century, Moscow gradually spread civil way of saying that the Moscow principality is the successor to the Byzantine Empire, Moscow will become the "third and permanent Rome." 1510, Pskov Monastery of the Presbyterian Elizarov Filofei doing Citation dedicated to Vasily III, "the two Rome fell, but the third is still erect; not have a fourth . No one can replace your Christian kingdom! ", most clearly expressed this view.
1507 ~ 1508, Vasily III and Lithuania had a war without results. 1512 he was again war with Lithuania, the siege of Smolensk, but could not overcome. Until 1514 was the last Russian military advantage to re-incorporated into Russia Smolensk. 1520, Moscow and Lithuania signed a 5-year peace treaty.
Vasily III died in 1533, remains buried in the Archangel Cathedral in Moscow.
Vasily III, all children from second marriage, they are:
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