hēng lì bā shì Henry VIII
dū duó wáng cháo
( 1491niánliùyuè28rì～ 1547niányuányuè28rì)
hēng lì bā shì HenryVIII（ 1509 héng 1547) shì yīng guó dū duó wáng cháo de dì ' èr wèi guó wáng， hēng lì qī shì cì zǐ。 hēng lì bā shì zài wèi de 38 nián shì yīng gé lán fā shēng zhòng dà biàn huà de shí qī， qí zhōng zuì zhòng yào de shì 16 shì jì zōng jiào gǎi gé。 zhè cì gǎi gé de jī běn yì yì zài guó jiā zhèng zhì fāng miàn， ér bù zài zōng jiào fāng miàn， hé xīn wèn tí shì hēng lì bā shì yǔ luó mǎ jiào tíng jué liè， dǎo zhì yīng guó xíng chéng wán quán de mín zú guó jiā。 zhè cì gǎi gé cóng què lì hēng lì bā shì yǔ 'ān nī bó lín de hūn yīn hé fǎ kāi shǐ， dào què bǎo guó wáng duì jiào huì de jué duì tǒng zhì 'ér xuān gào jié shù。 cóng biǎo miàn shàng kàn， zōng jiào gǎi gé shì yóu hēng lì bā shì gè rén de lí hūn 'àn yǐn qǐ de； cóng shí zhì shàng kàn， biàn gé shì zài yīng gé lán mín zú zhù yì hé fǎn jiào quán zhù yì rì yì gāo zhǎng de qíng kuàng xià shí xiàn de， bìng hé hēng lì bā shì de duì fǎ zhàn zhēng hé xī 'ōu de guó jì gé jú biàn huà dōuyòu yī dìng de lián xì。 tā zì 1509 nián 4 yuè 22 rì kāi shǐ zài wèi， zhè shí yīng guó yǐ jīng zhú jiàn cóng yī gè 'ōu zhōu piān yuǎn mán huāng jí yǐ bào zhèng zhù chēng de xiǎo guó fā zhǎn chéng wèiyòu yǐng xiǎng de zhuān zhì jí quán guó jiā， tā de fù qīn hēng lì qī shì zài wèi shí， zhí xíng mù lín yǒu hǎo zhèng cè， jiāng liǎng gè nǚ 'ér fēn bié jià gěi sū gé lán hé fǎ guó de wáng chǔ， wéi zì jǐ zhǎngzǐ yà sè qǔ xī bān yá gōng zhù 'ā lā gòng de kǎi sè lín wéi qī。 dàn hūn hòu bù jiǔ tā de zhǎngzǐ yīn bìng qù shì， dāng shí xī bān yá hé fǎ guó bù hé， tā wèile wéi chí zhōng lì bù dé zuì xī bān yá wáng shì， lì tú wǎn liú cháng xí， jīng xiàng jiào huáng qǐng shì，（ gēn jù tiān zhù jiào jiào guī fū qī jié hé shì shàng dì de zhǐ yì， bù yǔn xǔ lí hūn zài jià qǔ， sàng 'ǒu zài jià yě xū yào jiào huáng pī zhǔn。） jiào huáng pī zhǔn kě yǐ zài jià tā de cì zǐ， dāng shí zhǐ yòu 12 suì de hēng lì bā shì 。
hēng lì bā shì 18 suì jí wèi bìng qǔ guǎ sǎo kǎi sè lín， dàn tā qī zǐ zhǐ wèitā shēng liǎo yī gè nǚ 'ér mǎ lì（ hòu lái de mǎ lì yī shì） yǐ hòu jǐ cì shēng yù de hái zǐ dū zǎo yāo， cǐ qián yīng guó shàng wèi yòu guò nǚ wáng， ér qiě yòu mí xìn shuō fǎ shuō dì qǔ xiōng sǎo bù jí， tā yòu hé nǚ shì guān 'ān nī · bó lín chǎn shēng liǎo hūn wài qíng， tā ràng zì jǐ de zhù jiào zǎi xiāng xiàng jiào huáng shēn qǐng lí hūn， yīn wéi tā zhè cì hūn yīn shì jiào huáng qīn zì pī zhǔn de， zhè wéi jiào huáng chū liǎo yī gè nán tí， yīn wéi dāng shí jiào tíng yì bù xiǎng dé zuì yòu qiáng dà shì lì de xī bān yá。 jiào tíng chí chí bù néng pī zhǔn tā lí hūn， ér tā de nǚ shì guān yǐ jīng huái yùn。 tā zháojí cǎi qǔ liǎo duō cì cuò shī， xiān bǎ zǎixiàng chè zhí jū jìn， zài xià lìng tíng zhǐ xiàng jiào tíng jiāo nà jiào shuì， zuì hòu zhí zhì mòshōu jiào huì cái chǎn， pò shǐ jiào huáng kāi chú tā de jiào jí。 zài dāng shí shòu zōng jiào gǎi gé sī cháo yǐng xiǎng zhě de gǔ chuī xià， tā xuān bù yīng guó jiào huì tuō lí luó mǎ jiào tíng， zì rèn yīng guó jiào huì zuì gāo quán wēi , qí jiān wéi chǔsǐ shù 7 wàn duō rén , yuē wéi dāng shí yīng guó rén kǒu de 2%。 cóng cǐ yīng guó jiào huì chéng wéi shèng gōng huì， jī dū xīn jiào de yī gè dān dú jiào pài。 shèng gōng huì shí jì shàng bìng fēi zhēn zhèng de zōng jiào gǎi gé， yīn wéi tā hé tiān zhù jiào méi yòu rèn hé lǐ lùn yuán zé de fēn qí， zhǐ shì bù chéng rèn jiào huáng de quán wēi， yǐ yīng huáng dài tì 'ér yǐ , ér shèng gōng huì de dà zhù jiào yǔ jiào huáng de míng chēng xiāng tóng , dōushì jiào POPE, jiào huì de yīng wén míng chēng yì xiāng tóng , dōushì CatholicChurch, zhǐ shì wèile yǔ tiān zhù jiào fēn kāi , gǎi wéi yīng guó gōng jiào -Anglo-CatholicChurch, qí tā de zhǐ yòu bù fèn lǐ yí jiǎn huà liǎo。
hēng lì bā shì de dì 'èr gè qī zǐ（ jiù shì 'ān nī · bó lín） yě zhǐ wèitā shēng liǎo yī gè nǚ 'ér yī lì suō bái（ hòu lái de yī lì suō bái yī shì nǚ wáng）， tā yī nù jiāng dì 'èr gè qī zǐ yǐ tōng jiān zuì kǎn tóu chǔsǐ， yīn wéi tā lí hūn zài yě bù xū yào jiào huáng pī zhǔn liǎo， dì sān wèi wèitā shēng liǎo yī gè 'ér zǐ 'ài dé huá（ hòu lái de 'ài dé huá liù shì guó wáng） yòu yīn fèi bìng qù shì。 tā xiān hòu qǔ liǎo 6 wèi fū rén， quán bù méi yòu hǎo jiēguǒ： dì yī wèi bī pò lí hūn， dì sì wèi dé yì zhì xīn jiào gōng zhù xié yì lí hūn， dì sān wèi yīn bìng qù shì， zuì hòu yī wèi yīn tā qù shì xìng miǎn yú nán， lìng wài liǎng wèi bèi tā chù sǐ。 zhí dé yī tí de shì hēng lì bā shì yǔ tā de dì 'èr gè qī zǐ 'ān nī · bó lín zhī qián de qíng fù， zhèng shì 'ān nī · bó lín de mèi mèi MarryBoleyn。 ér 'ān nī · bó lín dāng chū bù yuàn xiàng tā mèi mèi yī yàng zhǐ shì zuò guó wáng de qíng fù， yú shì jǐyǔ hēng lì bā shì jù dà yā lì yào qiú chéng wéi “ gōng zhòng rèn kě de ” huáng hòu。 dāng rán zuì hòu tōng guò hēng lì bā shì yǔ jiào huì de jué liè， bù xū yào zài huò dé jiào huáng de pī zhǔn， tā yǔ dì yī rèn qī zǐ lí hūn bìng qǔ AnneBoleyn wéi huáng hòu。 cǐ wài tā yì yòu dà liàng qíng fù jí sī shēng zǐ， hòu shì de kǎo gǔ xué jiā hěn duō dū huái yí tā shì sǐ yú méi dú , bìng liú xià yī gè jiē jìn pò chǎn de guó jiā。
tā lín sǐ shí shè xià yí zhǔ， yóu 'ài dé huá hé tā de hòu dài jì wèi； rú guǒ 'ài dé huá méi yòu hòu dài， ài dé huá sǐ hòu yóu mǎ lì hé tā de hòu dài jì wèi； rú guǒ mǎ lì méi yòu hòu dài， mǎ lì sǐ hòu yóu yī lì suō bái hé tā de hòu dài jì wèi。 tā méi yòu xiǎng dào rú cǐ yán mì de 'ān pái， zuì hòu sān wèi jì chéng réndōu méi yòu hòu dài， yī lì suō bái yī shì qù shì hòu， dū duó wáng cháo yě zhōng jié liǎo， wáng wèi chuán gěi yī lì suō bái biǎo zhí nǚ（ sū gé lán mǎ lì yī shì） de 'ér zǐ。
tóu xián wén zhāng
hēng lì bā shì de wén zhāng hēng lì bā shì shì dì yī gè jīng cháng shǐ yòng 「 Majesty 」 zuò wéi chēng hū de yīng guó jūn zhù。 lìng wài tā yě bù shí shǐ yòng「 Highness」 huò「 Grace」。
tā tǒng zhì qī jiān huáng shì lǐ yí jìn xíng liǎo yī xiē biàn gé。 hēng lì zuì chū shǐ yòng de tóu xián shì「 méng shàng dì 'ēn diǎn， yīng gé lán hé fǎ guó guó wáng， ài 'ěr lán lǐng zhù hēng lì bā shì 」（ HenrytheEighth,bytheGraceofGod,KingofEngland,FranceandLordofIreland）。 1521 nián yóu yú hēng lì zhuàn wén gōng jī mǎ dīng · lù dé、 hù wèi luó mǎ tiān zhù jiào tíng， jiào zōng liáng shí shì cì fēng「 xìn yǎng de shǒu hù zhě」（ DefenderoftheFaith） jiā rù dào zhèng shì tóu xián zhōng。 yīng guó tuō lí luó mǎ jiào tíng hòu， bǎo luó sān shì chè huí liǎo fēng cì， dàn guó huì fǎ 'àn xuān bù zhè yī tóu xián réng rán yòu xiào。
1535 nián， hēng lì zài huáng shì tóu xián zhōng zēng jiā liǎo wáng quán zhì gāo de yǔ jù， jí「 yīng gé lán jiào huì zhī shǒu」（ oftheChurchofEnglandinEarthSupremeHead）， 1536 nián jìn yī bù gǎi wéi「 yīng gé lán hé 'ài 'ěr lán jiào huì zhī shǒu」。
1541 nián， hēng lì ràng 'ài 'ěr lán guó huì jiāng「 ài 'ěr lán lǐng zhù」 tóu xián gǎi wéi「 ài 'ěr lán guó wáng」。 dāng shí hěn duō 'ài 'ěr lán rén rèn wéi jiào zōng cái shì zhēn zhèng de guó jiā shǒu nǎo， lǐng zhù zhǐ shì qí dài biǎo 'ér yǐ。 zhè shì yòu lì shǐ yuán yīn de： 12 shì jì， jiào zōng yà dé sì shì jiāng 'ài 'ěr lán zuò wéi fēng dì cì gěi yīng gé lán guó wáng hēng lì 'èr shì， ér jiào zōng réng rán bǎo liú míng yì shàng de zuì gāo quán wèi。 zài zhè cì chéng rèn hēng lì bā shì wéi 'ài 'ěr lán guó wáng de huì yì shàng， yùhuì zhě shǒu cì tóng shí bāo kuò liǎo 'ài 'ěr lán de kǎi 'ěr tè rén qiú cháng hé 'àng gé lǔ rén guì zú。 cǐ hòu zhí dào hēng lì bā shì qù shì， tā de tóu xián yī zhí shì「 méng shàng dì 'ēn diǎn， yīng gé lán、 fǎ guó hé 'ài 'ěr lán guó wáng， xìn yǎng de shǒu hù zhě， yīng gé lán hé 'ài 'ěr lán jiào huì zhī shǒu hēng lì bā shì 」（ HenrytheEighth,bytheGraceofGod,KingofEngland,FranceandIreland,DefenderoftheFaithandoftheChurchofEnglandandalsoofIrelandinEarthSupremeHead）。
hēng lì bā shì de xùn cí shì「 CoeurLoyal」（ yì wéi zhōng zhēn de xīn）， yǐ xīn xíng jiā shàng wén zì「 Loyal」 de xíng shì xiù zài tā de yī wù shàng。 tā de huī zhāng shì dū duó méi guī（ Tudorrose） jiā shàng dài biǎo qí zǔ mǔ bō fú jiā zú de diào zhá tú 'àn（ Beaufortportcullis）。
hēng lì bā shì de wén zhāng shì zì hēng lì sì shì shí dài kāi shǐ shǐ yòng de yīng guó wáng shì wén zhāng： sì děng fēn， jiāo cuò xiǎn shì lán dǐ de sān zhī yuān wěi huā（ Fleur-de-lis， dài biǎo fǎ guó） hé hóng dǐ de sān zhǐ tóu cháo zhèng miàn、 xíng zǒu zhuàng de shī xíng shòu（ dài biǎo yīng gé lán）。
shēng huó shì hǎo
hēng lì bā shì fēi cháng bó xué duō cái， tā de gōng tíng shì xué shù hé yì shù chuàng xīn de zhōng xīn。 tā shèn zhì yòng lā dīng wén xiě liǎo yī běn shū。 fā xiàn měi zhōu（ xīn shì jiè） gěi hēng lì de chuàng xīn jīng shén tí gōng liǎo quán xīn de wǔ tái， tā shì zuì zǎo yán xí quán qiú dì lǐ de 'ōu zhōu tǒng zhì zhě。 1507 nián dì tú cè huì shī mǎ dīng · wǎ 'ěr dé zé mǐ lè（ MartinWaldseemüller） hé mǎ dì yà sī · lín màn（ MatthiasRingmann） chū bǎn liǎo zuì zǎo de quán qiú dì tú， zhè gè dì tú miáo huì liǎo měi zhōu dà lù bìng jiāng dà xī yáng hé tài píng yáng fēn gé kāi lái， zhè zài dāng shí shì fēi cháng xiān jìn de lǐ lùn。 fā xiàn měi zhōu zài yì shù hé kē xué lǐng yù yǐn dǎo liǎo yī zhǒng tàn suǒ fā xiàn de fēng qì， hēng lì zài tā de gōng tíng hé rì cháng shēng huó zhōng chōng fēn fā huī liǎo zhè yī shí dài jīng shén。
hēng lì bā shì yòu yī gè fēi cháng zhù míng de nòng chén， míng jiào wēi 'ěr · sà mò sī（ WillSomers）。 hēng lì bā shì rè 'ài dǔ bó， xǐ huān wán tóu zǐ。 tā nián qīng shí shàn cháng yùn dòng， tè bié shì shuāi jiāo、 dǎ liè、 shì nèi wǎng qiú。 tā yě shì yīnyuè jiā、 zuò jiā、 shī rén。 tā zuì yòu míng de qǔzǐ shì「 yǔ hǎo huǒ bàn yī qǐ xiāo mó shí guāng」（ PastimewithGoodCompany）， zhè shǒu qǔzǐ yě bèi chēng wéi guó wáng de gē yáo。 hēng lì bā shì yě cānyù guò yī xiē zhòng yào jiàn zhù de xīn jiàn hé gǎi jiàn， bǐ rú wú shuāng gōng（ NonsuchPalace）、 jiàn qiáo dà xué guó wáng xué yuàn lǐ táng（ King'sCollegeChapel） yǐ jí lún dūn de xī mǐn sì。 hēng lì bā shì cānyù gǎi jiàn de hěn duō jiàn zhù shì chá chāo shū jī zhù jiào tuō mǎ sī · wò 'ěr xī de cái chǎn， bāo kuò niú jīn de jī dū táng、 hàn pǔ dùn gōng、 huái tè huò 'ěr gōng yǐ jí jiàn qiáo dà xué sān yī xué yuàn。
jiā zú chéng yuán
xiān dài
hēng lì bā shì de sān dài zǔ xiān
fù qīn： hēng lì qī shì
zǔ fù： dì yī rèn lǐ qí méng bó jué 'āi dé méng · dū duó（ EdmundTudor）
zǔ fù zhī fù： ōu wén · dū duó（ OwenTudor）
zǔ fù zhī mǔ： wǎ lú wǎ de kǎi sè lín（ CatherineofValois）
zǔ mǔ： mǎ gé lì tè · bō fú fū rén（ LadyMargaretBeaufort）
zǔ mǔ zhī fù： dì yī rèn sà mò sài tè gōng jué yuē hàn · bō fú（ JohnBeaufort,1stDukeofSomerset）
zǔ mǔ zhī mǔ： mǎ gé lì tè · bó shàng（ MargaretBeauchampofBletso）
mǔ qīn： yuē kè de yī lì suō bái
wài zǔ fù： ài dé huá sì shì
wài zǔ fù zhī fù： dì sān rèn yuē kè gōng jué、 jīn què huā de lǐ chá（ RichardPlantagenet,3rdDukeofYork）
wài zǔ fù zhī mǔ： sài xī lì · nèi wéi 'ěr（ CecilyNeville）
wài zǔ mǔ： yī lì suō bái · wǔ dé wéi 'ěr（ ElizabethWoodville）
wài zǔ mǔ zhī fù： dì yī rèn lǐ fú sī bó jué lǐ chá · wǔ dé wéi 'ěr（ RichardWoodville,1stEarlRivers）
wài zǔ mǔ zhī mǔ： lú sēn bǎo de jié kuí dá（ JacquettaofLuxembourg）
hēng lì bā shì de shēng píng zài wén xué lǐ jīng cháng chū xiàn。 wēi lián · suō shì bǐ yà céng xiě liǎo jiǎng tā de lì shǐ jù。 xiàn dài yòu hǎo jǐ bù guān yú tā de diàn yǐng。 zuì yòu míng de shì 1933 nián de“ hēng lì bā shì de sī shēng huó” ThePrivateLifeofHenryVIII， hé 1972 nián de“ hēng lì bā shì de liù gè huáng hòu”
qī zǐ 'ér nǚ
dì yī wèi qī zǐ
ā lā gòng de kǎi sè lín（ CatherineofAragon） wáng hòu（ 1509 nián 6 yuè 11 rì jié hūn 1533 nián qǔ xiāo hūn yīn； sǐ yú 1536 nián 1 yuè 6 rì）
wèi mìng míng de nǚ 'ér 1510 nián 1 yuè 31 rì 1510 nián 1 yuè 31 rì liú chǎn
hēng lì ( kāng wò 'ěr gōng jué )1511 nián 1 yuè 1 rì 1511 nián 2 yuè 22 rì
wèi mìng míng de 'ér zǐ 1513 nián 11 yuè 1513 nián 11 yuè
hēng lì ( kāng wò 'ěr gōng jué )1514 nián 12 yuè 1514 nián 12 yuè
mǎ lì yī shì 1516 nián 2 yuè 18 rì 1558 nián 9 yuè 13 rì 1554 nián jià xī bān yá féi lì 'èr shì； wú hòu dài
wèi mìng míng de hái zǐ 1518 nián 11 yuè 10 rì 1518 nián 11 yuè 10 rì
dì 'èr wèi qī zǐ
ān nī · bó lín（ AnneBoleyn） wáng hòu（ 1533 nián 1 yuè 25 rì jié hūn； 1536 nián 5 yuè 19 rì bèi chǔsǐ）
yī lì suō bái yī shì 1533 nián 9 yuè 7 rì 1603 nián 3 yuè 24 rì méi yòu jié hūn
hēng lì · dū duó 1534 nián 1534 nián lì shǐ xué jiā men bù què dìng zhè gè hái zǐ dào dǐ shì chū shēng bù jiǔ jiù sǐ wáng liǎo， hái shì bèi liú chǎn liǎo。 yīn wéi zhè jiàn shì qíng bèi yǐn mán， zhè gè hái zǐ de xìng bié dū wèi néng què dìng。
ài dé huá · dū duó 1536 nián 1 yuè 29 rì 1536 nián 1 yuè 29 rì sǐ chǎn
dì sān wèi qī zǐ
zhēn · xī mó（ JaneSeymour） wáng hòu（ 1536 nián 5 yuè 20 rì jié hūn； 1537 nián 10 yuè 25 rì chǎn hòu shí 'èr tiān qù shì）
ài dé huá liù shì 1537 nián 10 yuè 12 rì 1553 nián 7 yuè 6 rì méi yòu jié hūn
dì sì wèi qī zǐ
kè lǐ wéi sī de 'ān nī（ AnneofCleves） wáng hòu（ yuán wéi dé guó gōng zhù， 1540 nián 1 yuè 6 rì jié hūn； 1540 nián lí hūn； sǐ yú 1557 nián 7 yuè 17 rì） ( chuán shuō zhè wèi nǚ wáng miàn mào chǒu lòu， shēng xìng chuán tǒng， xìn fèng lù dé jiào， hēng lì bā shì céng duì zhè wèi xīn wáng hòu chōng mǎn qī wàng， kě sì hū， ān nī de dào lái ràng hēng lì bā shì gèng wéi shī wàng。 )
méi yòu zǐ nǚ
dì wǔ wèi qī zǐ
kǎi sè lín · huò huá dé（ CatherineHoward） wáng hòu（ 1540 nián 7 yuè 28 rì jié hūn； 1541 nián lí hūn； 1542 nián 2 yuè 13 rì bèi chǔsǐ）（ céng shì mǎ lì yī shì nián qīng shí dài de shì nǚ， céng jī jí fèng quàn mǎ lì yuán liàng fù qīn hēng lì， kě shì zhè bìng bù zòu xiào， mǎ lì yī zhí jiān chí jǐ jiàn， ér hòu kǎi sè lín jià gěi liǎo hēng lì bā shì ， chéng wéi tā dì wǔ wèi wáng hòu， dàn zhōng yīn zhèng zhì shàng de fēn zhēng， gù lǜ， hēng lì bā shì bù dé bù jiāng qí pàn wéi luàn lún zuì chǔsǐ）
méi yòu zǐ nǚ
dì liù wèi qī zǐ
kǎi sè lín · pà 'ěr（ CatherineParr） wáng hòu（ 1543 nián 7 yuè 12 rì jié hūn； hēng lì bā shì sǐ yú 1547 nián 1 yuè 28 rì； tā zài hūn jià gěi tuō mǎ sī · xī mó， xīn guó wáng 'ài dé huá liù shì de jiù fù， bìng yú 1548 nián 9 yuè 5 rì qù shì）
méi yòu zǐ nǚ
sī shēng zǐ nǚ
ElizabethBlount suǒ shēng
HenryFitzRoy,1stDukeofRichmondandSomerset1519 nián 6 yuè 15 rì ~1536 nián 7 yuè 23 rì， 1533 nián qǔ theLadyMaryHoward， wú zǐ nǚ
MaryBoleyn suǒ shēng
CatherineCarey,LadyKnollys1524~1569 nián 1 yuè 15 rì 1539 nián jià SirFrancisKnollys， yòu zǐ nǚ
HenryCarey,BaronHunsdon（ shēng fù cún yí） 1526 nián 3 yuè 4 rì ~1596 nián 7 yuè 23 rì 1545 nián qǔ AnnMorgan， yòu zǐ nǚ
MaryBerkeley suǒ shēng
JohnPerrott( cháng dé xiàng hēng lì bā shì ， dàn méi yòu zhèng jù zhèng míng tā men shì fù zǐ )1527 nián ~1592 nián 11 yuè 3 rì xiān hòu qǔ AnneCheney hé JanePruet, tā men jí tā de shì nǚ SybilJones dū wèitā chǎn xià zǐ nǚ
xiāng guān diàn yǐng
“ hēng lì bā shì de sī shēng huó”（ ThePrivateLifeofHenryVIII）， 1933 nián。 chá 'ěr sī · láo dùn zhù yǎn， huò dé 'ào sī kǎ zuì jiā nán zhùjué jiǎng。
“ qiān rì 'ān nī”（ AnneoftheThousandDays）， 1969 nián。 bàn yǎn hēng lì de lǐ chá · bó dùn hé bàn yǎn 'ān nī · bó lín de zhēn nī wēi fú · bāo zǔ dé（ GenevièveBujold） fēn bié huò dé 'ào sī kǎ zuì jiā nán zhùjué jiǎng hé 'ào sī kǎ zuì jiā nǚ zhùjué jiǎng de tí míng。
“ rì yuè jīng zhōng”（ AManforAllSeasons）， 1966 nián， ào sī kǎ zuì jiā yǐngpiān jiǎng。 gēn jù luó bó tè · bào tè（ RobertBolt） de tóng míng xì jù gǎi biān， zhù yào wéi rào tuō mǎ sī · mó 'ěr jué shì zhǎn kāi， hēng lì bā shì yóu luó bó tè · xiào（ RobertShaw） bàn yǎn。 1988 nián gāi piàn de chóngpāi bǎn zhōng， hēng lì bā shì yóu mǎ tíng · zhāng bó lún（ MartinChamberlain） bàn yǎn。
“ nián qīng de bèi sī”（ YoungBess）， 1953 nián。 zhè shì yī bù guān yú yī lì suō bái yī shì nián qīng shí dài de diàn yǐng， hēng lì bā shì zài cì yóu chá 'ěr sī · láo dùn bàn yǎn。
“ jiū zhàn què cháo（ tái wān fān yì wéi " měi rén xīn jī "）”（ TheOtherBoleynGirl）， 2008 nián。 shǐ jiā lěi · qiáo hán sēn（ ScarlettJohansson） bàn yǎn mǎ lì · bó lín， nà tǎ lì · bō màn（ NataliePortman） bàn yǎn 'ān nī · bó lín， ài ruì kè · bā nà（ EricBana） bàn yǎn hēng lì bā shì 。 yǐngpiān gǎi biān zì yīng guó xiǎo shuō jiā fěi lì pà · gé lǐ gāo lì (PhilippaGregory) chuàng zuò de tóng míng chàng xiāo xiǎo shuō， lǐ miàn shì yī gè chōng mǎn liǎo zhuǎn zhé yǔ 'āng zàng jiāo yì de gù shì， jiǎng shù de shì bō lín jiā shì rú hé lì yòng tā men de nǚ 'ér qù huò dé hēng lì bā shì de qīng xīn de。 bō lín jiā de liǎng gè jiě mèi de qíng shì， bù dàn gǎi biàn liǎo yīng guó de fā zhǎn fāng xiàng， zuì zhōng yě duì shì jiè lì shǐ dài lái liǎo jù dà de yǐng xiǎng ……
” dū duó wáng cháo“（ TheTudors）， 2007 nián， měi guó diàn shì jù。 mài lè sī shì yǎn hēng lì bā shì 。
Henry VIII Henry VIII (1509-1547) is the UK's second Tudor king, Henry VII's second son. The reign of Henry VIII of England 38 years is a period of significant change, the most important 16th-century Reformation. The basic significance of this reform in national politics, not religion, the core issue is Henry VIII break with Rome led to the British nation-state form completely. This reform from the establishment of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn's marriage legitimate start to ensure that the king's absolute rule of the Church came to an end. On the surface, the Reformation by Henry VIII's divorce caused individuals; from the essence, change is in England nationalism and growing anti-clericalism achieved under the circumstances, and on Henry VIII law of war and changes in international situation in Western Europe have some connection. He since April 22, 1509 began the reign, when Britain has gradually moved from a remote wilderness in Europe and to the tyranny of a small country known to become influential authoritarian totalitarian state, the reign of his father Henry VII, the implementation of the good-neighborly and friendly policy, the two daughters were married to Crown Prince of Scotland and France, for his eldest son Arthur married the Spanish princess Catherine of Aragon wife. Shortly after their marriage of his eldest son died of illness, when Spain and France do not, and he can not sin in order to maintain neutrality of the royal family of Spain, trying to retain long-daughter, ask for instructions by the Pope, (according to Catholic canon couple combination is God's will, does not allow divorce and then marry, widows remarry need papal approval.) papal approval may remarry his second son, was only 12-year-old Henry VIII.
18-year-old reign of Henry VIII and Catherine levirate, but his wife only gave birth to a daughter Mary (later Mary I) after the birth of the child several times Evidently, after the British had not been queen, but also superstition claims said brother married evidently not right, and the waitress he had extramarital affairs official Anne Boleyn, he asked his bishop to the Pope's prime minister filed for divorce, because he personally approved the marriage, the pope, and this is a difficult question to Pope , because at that time also did not want to offend the Holy See has a strong Spanish influence. Delays in approval of the Holy See to divorce him, and his officials have been pregnant waitress. He was anxious to take a number of measures, first prime minister removed from detention, and then ordered a halt to the Holy See to pay education taxes, the last until the confiscation of Church property, forcing the Pope to dismiss him was to teach citizenship. Influenced by the Reformation at the time who advocated, he declared that the Church of England from the Holy See, the highest authority of the church since the then British, during which the number of 70 000 people were killed, about 2% of UK population at that time. Since then, the Church of England became Anglican, a separate Protestant denominations. Reformation Church in fact is not true, because it has no theoretical principles and Catholic differences, but does not recognize papal authority, to King's place, but rather the Anglican Archbishop and the Pope in the same name, are called POPE, English name of the church is the same, are Catholic Church, only to separate with the Catholic Church, to the British Catholic - Anglo-Catholic Church, others only part of the ritual simplified.
Henry VIII's second wife (that Anne Boleyn) is also only gave birth to a daughter, Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth I), his angry wife will be the second beheading death for adultery, because he divorced no longer need the approval of the Pope, the third of his birth to a son Edward (later King Edward VI) died because of lung disease. He has married six wife, all to no good results: first, a forced divorce, the fourth in the German Protestant princesses divorce, the third died of illness, the last one survived because of his death, the other two by his executed. It is worth mentioning that Henry VIII and his second wife, his mistress before Anne Boleyn, was Anne Boleyn's sister Marry Boleyn. The Anne Boleyn as her sister did not want to do the same, but the king's mistress, was given to Henry VIII's great pressure to become a "public recognition of" Queens. Finally, of course, Henry VIII's break with the Church, do not need to be approved by the Pope, divorced his first wife and marry Anne Boleyn as the Queen. In addition, he is also a large number of mistresses and illegitimate children, future generations of archaeologists, many of them suspect that he died of syphilis, and leave a nearly bankrupt country.
Heraldic title
1535, Henry added in the royal title of supreme royal statement that "the Church of England First" (of the Church of England in Earth Supreme Head), 1536 was further changed to "first in the Church of England and Ireland."
Henry VIII's coat of arms since the times of Henry IV started using the British royal coat of arms: quartered, interlaced display blue of the three Iris (Fleur-de-lis, on behalf of France) and the red background of the three first toward positive, walking like a lion-shaped animal (on behalf of England).
Three generations of ancestors of Henry VIII
Grandfather, father: Owen Tudor (Owen Tudor)
Grandmother, father: the first Duke of Somerset Yuehanbofu (John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset)
Grandfather: Edward IV
Maternal grandmother: Elizabeth Woodville (Elizabeth Woodville)
Henry VIII's life often in the literature. William Shakespeare once wrote about his historical dramas. Department of Modern have several movies about him. The most famous is the 1933 "Henry VIII's private life" The Private Life of Henry VIII, and 1972's "Henry VIII's six Queen"
Catherine of Aragon (Catherine of Aragon) Queen (June 11, 1509 married in 1533 to annul the marriage; died Jan. 6, 1536)
Unnamed son in November 1513 November 1513
Unnamed child November 10, 1518 November 10, 1518
Elizabeth I September 7, 1533 March 24, 1603 not married
Third wife
Fourth wife
Fifth wife
Sixth wife
Illegitimate children
Mary Boleyn born
Mary Berkeley born
"Henry VIII's private life" (The Private Life of Henry VIII), 1933 年. Starring Charles Laughton, Oscar Best Actor Award.
"Young Bess" (Young Bess), 1953 年. This is a youth on the film Elizabeth I, Henry VIII, once again played by Charles Laughton.
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