jīn què huā wáng cháo  (1239年liùyuè17日～1307年qīyuè7日)

cháng jiǎo wáng

开端 终结 在位 1272年 1307年 

　　 ài dé huá yī shì （ yīng wén： Edward Ⅰ），（ 1239 nián 6 yuè 17 rì héng 1307 nián 7 yuè 7 rì）， yīng gé lán guó wáng， sú chēng “ cháng jiǎo（ Longshanks） ”， yīn zhēng fú wēi 'ěr shì hé jīhū zhēng fú sū gé lán 'ér wén míng。 rán 'ér tā de sǐ shǐ dé tā 'ér zǐ 'ài dé huá 'èr shì（ Edward Ⅱ） jí wèi， bìng zuì zhōng wèi néng zhēng fú sū gé lán。“ cháng jiǎo” zài wèi 35 nián（ 1272 nián -1307 nián）， yú 1272 nián 11 yuè 20 rì， tā de fù qīn， guó wáng hēng lì sān shì（ Henry Ⅲ） qù shì hòu jí wèi， tā de mǔ qīn jiù shì 'āi lì nuò pǔ luó wàng sī wáng tài hòu（ QueenconsortEleanorofProvence）。
　　
　　 àn zhào nuò màn rén（ bù shì 'àng gé lǔ sǎ kè xùn rén） duì jūn zhù de chēng hào pái xù xí guàn，“ cháng jiǎo” ài dé huá bèi chēng wéi ài dé huá yī shì （ EdwardⅠ）， jìn guǎn tā shì yīng gé lán dì sì wèi 'ài dé huá guó wáng， qián sān wèi fēn bié shì： ài dé huá zhǎngzhě wáng（ EdwardⅠ theElder）、 ài dé huá xùn jiào wáng（ EdwardⅡ theMartyr） hé 'ài dé huá chàn huǐ wáng（ EdwardⅢ theConfessor）。
　　
　　 chéng wéi guó wáng zhī qián
　　
　　 ài dé huá shì yīng wáng hēng lì sān shì de zhǎngzǐ， shēng yú wēi sī mǐn sī tè。 1254 nián cóng fù wáng shǒu zhōng dé dào zì jǐ de lǐng dì， tóng lāi 'áng guó wáng 'ā fāng suǒ shí shì zhī mèi 'āi lì nuò jié hūn。 bù jiǔ tā jiù juǎnrù 13 shì jì 60 nián dài yīng gé lán de nèi zhàn， bìng zài qí zhōng fā huī zhòng yào zuò yòng。 ài dé huá zhī fù hēng lì sān shì yóu yú fèng xíng yī xì liè bù dé rén xīn de zhèng cè， shòu dào yǐ dà guì zú wéi shǒu、 bāo kuò shì mín hé fù yù nóng mín de jiān ruì fǎn duì。 yīng gé lán guì zú yú 1258 nián pò shǐ hēng lì sān shì qiān shǔ liǎo niú jīn tiáo lì， zài guó nèi shí jì xíng chéng liǎo guì zú guǎ tóu tǒng zhì。 hēng lì sān shì jù jué zūn shǒu niú jīn tiáo lì， dǎo zhì liǎo tā yú 1263 nián yǔ zhū hóu kāi zhàn。 1264 nián， yóu guì zú shǒu lǐng xī méng · méng tè fú tè（ fǎ yǔ yuán míng xī méng · mèng fú 'ěr） shuài lǐng de yì yǒng duì（ bāo kuò qí shì、 shì mín hé nóng mín） zài liú yì sī zhàn yì zhōng jī kuì liǎo hēng lì sān shì， hēng lì sān shì bèi pò jiāo quán qiě yǐ 'ài dé huá wéi rén zhì。 ài dé huá yǐ qí zhì yǒng chéng gōng táo zǒu（ 1265 nián）。 1265 nián 8 yuè， ài dé huá dú zì shuài jūn yǔ méng tè fú tè zài yī fū hā mǔ jiāo fēng huò shèng， méng tè fú tè zhèn wáng。 hēng lì sān shì huī fù liǎo quán lì， dàn tā bǎ shí quán jiāo gěi liǎo 'ài dé huá。 1268 nián， ài dé huá shì tú cān jiā fǎ guó guó wáng lù yì jiǔ shì shuài lǐng de dì bā cì shí zì jūn dōng zhēng 'ér qù fǎ guó。 zhè cì dōng zhēng wán quán shī bài。 lù yì jiǔ shì yú 1270 nián jìn gōng tū ní sī shí sǐ yú wēn yì， ài dé huá zhì liú dōng fāng wú chù kě qù。 1272 nián hēng lì sān shì qù shì， yīng gé lán guì zú yī zhì yōng hù 'ài dé huá jì wèi。 dàn 'ài dé huá zhí dào dì sān nián cái huí dào guó nèi， yú 1274 nián 8 yuè jiā miǎn。
　　 zhèng jì
　　
　　 zài ài dé huá yī shì de tǒng zhì zhī xià， yīng gé lán zhēng fú liǎo wēi 'ěr shì（ 1277 nián héng 1284 nián）， shǐ zhī chǔyú yīng guó de wáng quán zhī xià。 1284 nián de“ wēi 'ěr shì fǎ” shǐ wēi 'ěr shì chǔyú yīng guó fǎ lǜ zhī xià。 ài dé huá yī shì bǎ zì jǐ xīn chū shēng de 'ér zǐ zèng yǔ wēi 'ěr shì rén mín， fēng tā wéi wēi 'ěr shì qīn wáng。 cǐ hòu gāi chēng hào yī zhí yóu wáng wèi jì chéng rén yán yòng zhì jīn。
　　
　　1295 nián wèile chóu cuò jūn fèi zhào jí“ mó fàn yì huì”（ ModelParliament）， bāo hán dà zhù jiào、 zhù jiào、 xiū dào yuàn yuàn cháng、 bó jué、 nán jué、 yǐ jí gè jùn yǔ gè zì zhì zhèn dài biǎo， zǒng jì rén shù dá sì bǎi míng yǐ shàng。
　　 wǎn nián hé shì shì
　　
　　 ài dé huá de wǎn nián shēng huó chōng mǎn liǎo kǎn kě， tā shī qù liǎo xīn 'ài de dì yī rèn qī zǐ 'āi lì nuò， ér tā de jì chéng rén bìng bù jù bèi yù qī de wáng zhě zhī qì。
　　
　　 ài dé huá zhēng fú sū gé lán de jìhuà zuì zhōng shī bài。 1307 nián tā zài zài cì zhēng tǎo yóu luó bó tè · bù lǔ sī lǐng dǎo xià de sū gé lán de tú zhōng， sǐ zài sū gé lán biān jiè bù lǔ fū（ BurghbySands,Cumberland）。 gēn jù hòu lái de jìzǎi， ài dé huá yào qiú bǎ tā de gǔ tóu dài dào zhī hòu zài sū gé lán de jūn shì zhàn yì zhōng。 ér gèng kě kào de jìzǎi yǐ jí dāng dài zuò jiā de bào gào zhōng， guó wáng zuì hòu de yào qiú shì bǎ tā de xīn zàng dài dào shèng dì。 kě yǐ kěn dìng de shì， ài dé huá 'ān zàng zài wēi sī mǐn sī tè dà jiào táng nèi de yī zuò chún hēi dà lǐ shí líng mù zhōng， bèi chēng zuò“ EdwardusPrimusScottorummalleushicest,pactumserva（ ài dé huá yī shì ， sū gé lán zhī chuí， jiān shǒu zhōng chéng）”。
　　
　　1774 nián 1 yuè 2 rì， yīng guó wén wù shōu cáng zhě xué huì dǎ kāi guān mù， fā xiàn 'ài dé huá shī tǐ bèi wán hǎo bǎo cún liǎo 467 nián。 cèliáng fā xiàn tā shēn cháng 6 yīng chǐ 2 yīng cùn（ 188 lí mǐ）， yīn cǐ shì míng fù qí shí de“ cháng jiǎo”。
　　 zǐ nǚ
　　
　　 ài dé huá hé kǎ sī dì lǐ yà de 'āi lì nuò gōng zhù de hái zǐ :
　　
　　1. nǚ 'ér ,stillborninMay1255inBordeaux,France.
　　2. kǎi sè lín (Katherine), shēng yú 1264 nián 6 yuè 17 rì， sǐ yú 1264 nián 9 yuè 5 rì buriedatWestminsterAbbey.
　　3. āi lì nuò (Eleanor), shēng yú 1264 nián 6 yuè 18 rì， sǐ yú 1297 nián 10 yuè 12 rì . tā dì yī cì jià yú 'ā fāng suǒ sān shì , dì 'èr cì jià bā 'ěr bó jué hēng lì sān shì .
　　4. qióng (Joan), shēng yú 126 nián 1 yuè ,buriedatWestminsterAbbeybeforeSeptember71265.
　　5. yuē hàn (John), shēng yú 1266 nián 7 yuè 13 rì ,1271 nián 8 yuè 3 rì sǐ yú Wallingford,inthecustodyofhisgranduncle,Richard,EarlofCornwall.BuriedatWestminsterAbbey.
　　6. hēng lì (Henry), shēng yú 1268 nián 5 yuè 6 rì， sǐ yú 1274 nián 10 yuè 16 rì .
　　7. nǚ 'ér， shēng yú 1271 nián 5 yuè inPalestineand sǐ yú 1271 nián 9 yuè .
　　8.JoanofAcre shēng yú 1271 nián 5 yuè， sǐ yú 1307 nián 4 yuè 7 rì . tā dì yī cì jià GilbertdeClare,7thEarlofHertford, dì 'èr cì jià RalphMorthermer,1stBaronMonthermer.
　　9. ā 'ěr fāng suǒ ( qiē sī tè bó jué ), shēng yú 1273 nián 11 yuè 24 rì， sǐ yú 1284 nián 8 yuè 19 rì ,buriedinWestminsterAbbey.
　　10. mǎ gé lì tè (Margaret), shēng yú 1275 nián 3 yuè 15 rì， sǐ yú 1333 nián hòu . tā jià gěi bù lā bān tè gōng jué yuē hàn 'èr shì .
　　11. bó lún jiā lì yà (Berengaria), shēng yú 1276 nián 5 yuè 1 rì， sǐ yú 1278 nián 6 yuè 27 rì ,buriedinWestminsterAbbey.
　　12. nǚ 'ér ,diedshortlyafterbirth,January1278.
　　13. mǎ lì (Mary), shēng yú 1279 nián 3 yuè 11 rì， sǐ yú 1332 nián 5 yuè 29 rì ,anuninAmesbury,Wiltshire(England).
　　14. yī lì suō bái (ElizabethofRhuddlan),1281 nián 8 yuè shēng yú Rhuddlan, sǐ yú 1316 nián 5 yuè 5 rì . tā dì yī cì jià huò lán bó jué yuē hàn yī shì , dì 'èr cì jià HumphreydeBohun,4thEarlofHereford&3rdEarlofEssex.
　　15. ài dé huá qiē sī tè bó jué， wēi 'ěr shì qīn wáng ,1284 nián 4 yuè 25 rì shēng yú Caernarvon, sǐ yú 1327 nián 9 yuè 21 rì . tā qǔ fǎ guó de yī suō bèi lā (IsabellaofFrance).
　　
　　 hé fǎ lán xī de mǎ gé lì tè gōng zhù（ féi lì sān shì zhī nǚ） de hái zǐ :
　　
　　1. tuō mǎ sī ( nuò fú kè bó jué )(ThomasofBrotherton)(1300 nián – 1338 nián ), dì yī cì hūn yīn qǔ 'ài lì sī (AliceHayles). dì 'èr cì hūn yīn qǔ mǎ lì (MaryBrewes).
　　2. āi dé méng ( kěn tè bó jué )(EdmundofWoodstock), qǔ wēi kè nǚ nán jué mǎ gé lì tè · wēi kè (MargaretWake,BaronessWakeofLiddell).
　　3. āi lì nuò (leanor)(1306 nián– 1311 nián )， zǎo yāo .

　　According to Norman (not Anglo-Saxon) on the monarch's title sorting habits, "long legs" Edward called Edward I (Edward Ⅰ), even though he is the King of England Edward the fourth, the top three are: Edward Long by the king (Edward Ⅰ the Elder), King Edward martyrdom (Edward Ⅱ the Martyr) and King Edward repentance (Edward Ⅲ the Confessor).
　　Edward is the eldest son of King Henry III, was born in Westminster. In 1254 from his father in the hands get their own territory, with Leon Alfonso X the king's sister Eleanor married. Soon he was involved in 13th century England's civil war 60 years, and played an important role. As the father of Henry III Edward pursued a series of unpopular policies, led by the big nobles, including the public and sharp against the rich peasants. England aristocrat forced Henry III in 1258 signed the Oxford regulations, the actual formation of the aristocracy in the domestic oligarchy. Henry III refused to comply with the Ordinance of Oxford, led to his vassal in 1263 and the war. 1264, by the noble leader Ximengmengte Ford (French original 名西蒙孟福尔) led the Volunteers (including knights, citizens and farmers) defeated in the Battle of Lewis Henry III, Henry III was forced to pay to Edward hostage Divide . Edward succeeded to escape its Zhi-Yong (1265). August 1265, Edward led his army and Montfort in Yifuhamu own battle to win, Montfort was killed. Henry III restored the power, but he has real power to Edward. 1268, Edwards tried to participate in the King Louis IX of France led the Eighth Crusade away in France. The complete failure of the Eastern Campaign. Louis IX in 1270 died of the plague attack Tunis, Edward stranded Eastern nowhere to go. 1272 death of Henry III of England Edward Noble unanimously support the throne. But Edward returned home until the third year, was crowned in August 1274.
　　Political achievements
　　Old age and death
　　January 2, 1774, the British Institute of Cultural Relics collectors open coffin tomb, discovered the body was well preserved Edward 467. Survey found that his 6 feet 2 inches in length (188 cm), it is a true "long legs."
　　1. Daughter, stillborn in May 1255 in Bordeaux, France.
　　4. Qiong (Joan), was born in 126 in January, buried at Westminster Abbey before September 7 1265.
　　7. Daughter, born May 1271 in Palestine and died in September 1271.
　　10. Margaret (Margaret), born March 15, 1275, died after 1333. She married John II, Duke of Brabant.
　　13. Mary (Mary), born March 11, 1279, died May 29, 1332, a nun in Amesbury, Wiltshire (England).
　　And Marguerite of France (daughter of Philip III) of the child:
　　3. Eleanor (leanor) (1306 年 -1311), the early death.

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