|
趙建德是南越國第三代君主趙嬰齊的長子,是趙嬰齊與南越籍妻子所生。公元前135年,趙嬰齊被父親南越國第二代君主趙眜送去漢武帝身邊做宿衛後,又娶了邯鄲樛氏做妻子,生下次子趙興。公元前122年趙眜病逝,趙嬰齊繼承王位,他沒有按常理把長子趙建德立為太子,而是把次子趙興立為太子,把樛氏立為王後。
公元前115年,趙嬰齊病逝,年幼的趙興繼承王位,成為南越國第四代君主,其母親樛氏當上王太後,趙建德被封為術陽侯。前113年,漢武帝派安國少季出使南越,前去告諭趙興和樛太後,讓他們比照內地諸侯進京朝拜天子。此時趙興和來自中原的樛太後都願意歸屬漢朝,但掌握南越國實權的丞相呂嘉卻極力反對,並由此産生叛亂之心。公元前112年,漢武帝派韓千秋和樛太後的弟弟樛樂,率兵2000前往南越準備刺殺呂嘉。
當韓千秋和樛樂進入南越之後,呂嘉先發製人,領兵攻入王宮,殺害了趙興、樛太後和漢朝的使者,同時立趙建德為新的南越王,並派人告知了蒼梧秦王趙光及南越國屬下各郡縣官員。這時韓千秋的軍隊進入南越境內,攻下幾個邊境城鎮。隨後,南越人佯裝不抵抗,並供給飲食,讓韓千秋的軍隊順利前進,在走到離番禺40裏的地方,南越突發奇兵進攻韓千秋的軍隊,把他們全部消滅。
呂嘉又讓人把漢朝使者的符節用木匣裝好,並附上一封假裝嚮漢朝謝罪的信,置於漢越邊境上,同時派兵在南越邊境的各個要塞嚴加防守。漢武帝得知後,非常震怒,他一方面撫恤死難者的親屬,封韓千秋的兒子韓延年為成安侯,封樛樂的兒子樛廣德為竜亢侯;一方面下達了出兵南越的詔書。
元鼎五年(前112年)秋,漢武帝調遣罪人和江淮以南的水兵共10萬人,兵分五路進攻南越。第一路衛尉路博德為伏波將軍,率兵從長沙國桂陽(今湖南境內),直下湟水;第二路主爵都尉楊僕為樓船將軍,走豫章郡(今江西境內),直下橫浦;第三路和第四路是歸降漢朝被封侯的兩個南越人為戈船將軍和下厲將軍,率兵走出零陵(今湖南境內),然後一路直下灕水(今廣西灕江),一軍直抵蒼梧(今廣西境內);第五路以馳義侯利用巴蜀的罪人,調動夜郎國的軍隊,直下牂柯江。
這場戰爭十分激烈,持續了一年,一直到元鼎六年(前111年)的鼕天,樓船將軍楊僕率領精兵,搶先攻下尋峽,然後攻破番禺城北的石門,繳獲了南越的戰船和糧食,乘機嚮南推進,挫敗南越國的先頭部隊,率領數萬大軍等候伏波將軍路博德的軍隊。路博德率領被赦的罪人,路途遙遠,與楊僕會師時纔到了一千多人,於是一同進軍。楊僕率軍隊在前邊,一直攻到番禺,趙建德和呂嘉都在城中固守。樓船將軍楊僕選擇有利的地形,將軍隊駐紮在番禺的東南面,天黑之後,楊僕率兵攻進番禺城,放火燒城。而伏波將軍路博德,則在城西北安營紮寨,派使者招降南越人,賜給他們印綬,又讓降者回去招降其它的南越人,因為南越人久聞伏波將軍路博德的威名,天黑又不知道路博德有多少軍隊,於是紛紛投奔路博德的旗下,黎明時分,城中的南越守軍大部分已嚮路博德投降。
呂嘉和趙建德見形勢不妙,在天亮之前率領幾百名部下出逃,乘船沿海往西而去。路博德在詢問了投降的南越人之後,纔知呂嘉和趙建德的去嚮,並派兵追捕他。路博德的校尉司馬蘇弘擒獲趙建德,被封為海常侯;原南越國郎官孫都擒獲呂嘉,被封為臨蔡侯。路博德派使者將呂嘉首級獻給漢武帝時,漢武帝正在汲縣的新中鄉(今新鄉市西南6公裏的張固城村),武帝大喜,取擒獲呂嘉之義,改新中鄉為獲嘉縣,並置縣,屬河內郡。
呂嘉和趙建德被擒之後,南越國屬下各郡縣不戰而下,紛紛嚮漢朝投降。蒼梧王趙光投降後被封為隨桃侯,揭陽縣令投降後被封為安道侯,桂林郡監居翁勸服駱越一同歸降漢朝,被封為湘城侯。戈船將軍和下厲將軍的軍隊,以及馳義侯所謂調動的夜郎軍隊還未到達,南越已經被平定了,伏波將軍楊僕增加了封邑,樓船將軍的軍隊攻破敵人的堅固城防,被封為將梁侯。
漢武帝在平定南越後,將原來的南越國屬地設置了九個郡,直接歸屬漢朝。這樣,由趙佗創立的南越國經歷過93年、五代南越王之後,終於被漢朝消滅了。
歷史影響
趙建德在位時間極短,而且是在丞相呂嘉叛亂殺死第四代南越王趙興後,被呂嘉匆匆推上王位的,南越國的實權始終掌握在呂嘉手中。呂嘉叛亂後,使漢武帝找到了出兵南越國平亂的藉口,在漢朝十萬大軍的攻擊下,南越國終於走嚮了覆亡,趙建德也成了南越國的末代君主。
When Han Qianqiu and Liao music into South Vietnam, the Lu Jia pre-emptive, led troops invaded the palace, killing Narrowing, Liao Han Dynasty Empress Dowager and the angel, while Li Zhao Jiande of South Vietnam for the new king, and sent the King of Qin told a Cangwu Zhao and the South Vietnamese state officials under the various counties. Then Han Qianqiu South Vietnamese troops entered the territory, capture of several border towns. Subsequently, the South Vietnamese people pretend not to resist, and to supply food for Han Qianqiu the smooth progress of the army, in 40 years came from a place in Panyu, South Vietnamese troops burst Jones Han Qianqiu attack, destroy them all.
The war is very intense, sustained for a year until Yuanding six years (111 BC) in the winter, House Boat, General Yang servant led troops, the first to capture search Gap, and then break north of the city of Panyu, Shek Mun, captured in South Vietnam warships and food, take advantage of the South, defeated the vanguard of the country of South Vietnam, led tens of thousands of army troops waiting Fubo General Lu Bode. Lu Bode led by forgiveness of the sinner, distances, and when Yang servants joined forces to more than a thousand, so together into. Yang rate of troops in front of the servant, has been offensive to Panyu, Zhao Jiande, and Lu Jia stick in the city. House Boat General Yang servant select favorable terrain, the troops stationed in the southeast of Panyu, after dark, Yang servant shuaibing scored Panyu city, set fire to the city. , General Lu Bode and Fubo, set up camp in the northwestern city, sent messengers pleurodiaphragmatic spaces South Vietnamese people, give them the seal, and letting down the other South Vietnamese who return pleurodiaphragmatic spaces, because the South Vietnamese people, General Lu Bode of Wal Fubo heard so much about, dark do not know how many troops Lu Bode, so Lu Bode of its flock, at dawn, the city has the majority of South Vietnamese garrison surrendered Lu Bode.
After South Vietnam in Binh Dinh Han, Yue State in the original set of nine possessions County, directly attributable to the Han Dynasty. Thus, Zhao Tuo created by the Yue State experienced 93 years of the Five South Vietnamese king after the Han dynasty was finally eliminated.