吐谷浑
(?
597年~
635年)
伏允(?-635年),即
慕容伏允,吐谷浑统治者,他为夸吕的儿子,世伏的弟弟。597年,吐谷浑内乱,世伏被杀,伏允继位,为步萨钵可汗。伏允依照吐谷浑习俗娶世伏天后隋朝宗室女光化公主为妻,隋文帝应允了。此后,吐谷浑年年朝贡不绝。但伏允常打听隋朝的情报,隋文帝非常厌恶。隋炀帝即位后,607年,伏允派使者和高昌、突厥一起向隋朝朝贡。
隋朝大臣裴矩出使西域回来,建议隋炀帝控制西域,首先要消灭吐谷浑。这时,伏允和光化公主的儿子慕容顺正在隋朝交聘,被隋炀帝扣留。608年,裴矩指使铁勒攻击吐谷浑,伏允大败,来到隋朝的西平郡(今青海省乐都),隋炀帝派安德王杨雄出浇河,许公宇文述出西平接应。伏允恐惧宇文述兵强,帅众西逃,宇文述引兵追击,攻克曼头、赤水二城,斩首三千余级,虏获吐谷浑贵族二百,百姓四千。伏允南奔雪山,其故地东西四千里,南北二千里,皆为隋朝占有。609年,伏允想重返故地,五月,隋炀帝亲征吐谷浑,伏允败走,隋朝吐谷浑在故地设置西海、河源、鄯善、且末等郡。隋炀帝封慕容顺为可汗,其大宝王尼洛周为辅。可是,慕容顺刚到达西平郡,尼洛周被部下所杀,慕容顺不果而还。之后,隋朝在615年之后陷入崩溃局面,伏允又恢复了吐谷浑汗国。
唐朝建立后,唐高祖联合伏允夹击河西的李轨。唐高祖作为回报,将从江都逃回的慕容顺送归吐谷浑。622年之后,伏允听信天柱王的建议,屡次侵犯唐朝的西部边境,唐朝派大将柴绍反击。这样的侵扰持续了将近十年。634年,扣留唐朝使者赵德楷,六月,唐太宗以左骁卫大将军段志玄为西海道行军总管、左骁卫将军樊兴为赤水道行军总管,讨伐伏允,十二月,又以特进李靖为西海道行军大总管,兵部尚书侯君集为积石道、刑部尚书任城王李道宗为鄯善道、凉州都督李大亮为且末道、岷州都督李道彦为赤水道、利州刺史高甑生为盐泽道行军总管,大举讨吐谷浑。635年,伏允败走,被部下所杀(《旧唐书》、《新唐书》说是自杀)。
Minister of the Han Dynasty Sui Pei Ju back control of the proposed Western Emperor, first of all to destroy Tuyuhun. At this time, Fu Yun and photochemical Murong Shun is the son of Princess Engagement Sui Dynasty was Emperor detained. 608, Pei Ju ordered Tiele attack Tuyuhun, Fu Yun defeated, came to the West Heguri Sui (Qinghai this music are), Andrew Wang Yang Xiong, the Emperor sent poured River, Xugong Yu Wen described the collusion of the Western level. Fu Yun fear Yuwen Shu soldiers strong, Shuaizhong West to escape, Yuwen Shu led his troops to pursue, attack Blackman head, Chishui Second City, beheading three thousand level, capture Tuyuhun aristocracy 200, population 4000. Fu Yun Lamphun snow, something of its old haunt four miles, two miles north and south are all Sui possession. 609, Fu Yun want to return to the old haunt, in May, a personal expedition Tuyuhun Emperor, Fu Yun defeated, Sui Tuyuhun set in familiar places, the West Sea, Heyuan, Shanshan, Qiemo other counties. Emperor Shun Feng Murong to Khan, the great Po Wang Niro week supplement. However, Murong Shun arrived Darcy Heguri, Niro week was killed by his men, but also to no avail Murong along. After the Sui Dynasty in 615 years after the collapse situation, Fu Yun resumed Tuyuhun Khanate.