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流亡生涯
至翟
在前666年,晋献公派重耳守护蒲城。
前656年,重耳之兄申生被骊姬害死,重耳遭到也骊姬之乱的迫害,离开了晋国都城绛,到蒲城,他父亲晋献公派勃鞮谋杀重耳,勃鞮割断了重耳的袖子,重耳爬墙侥幸逃走。重耳的母亲是戎族,他决定往翟族人的地方逃跑。
前651年,晋献公逝世,荀息当国相,骊姬立他儿子奚齐为国君,里克杀了骊姬和奚齐,荀息自杀,里克派人迎接重耳回国即位,重耳辞谢。
前650年,重耳的弟弟夷吾登位自立,是为晋惠公。
至齐
前644年,晋惠公派勃鞮第二次追杀重耳,重耳没死,决定不能在翟族地区多留。他听说齐桓公的宰相管仲去世了,决定去齐国给齐桓公效劳,他同时希望得到齐国的帮助和保护。重耳在齐国过安逸的生活,放弃了恢复君位的愿望。齐桓公送了他20辆马车,并许配了宗族之女齐姜给重耳。
前639年,齐桓公死后,齐国发生内乱。赵衰、咎犯有一天在一棵桑树下商量如何离开齐国,一个女奴在桑树上听到他们的对话,回宫以后偷偷的告诉了重耳的妻子齐姜。齐姜因为害怕女奴泄露秘密,不但没有给她奖赏,而且马上把她给杀了。齐姜也劝告重耳赶快离开齐国,但是重耳不肯。因此,赵衰等人让重耳喝醉了,把重耳抬到马车上离开齐国国都临淄。重耳醒来的时候已经太晚了,他感到非常愤怒,拿了戈追杀狐偃,幸亏没有成功。
至曹
重耳和他的忠臣到了曹国。曹共公听说重耳的肋骨连成一片,很好奇,所以乘重耳洗澡的时候,偷看了他的裸体。因为曹共公他如此无礼,重耳颇生怨心。
至宋
前638年,楚国打败宋襄公军队不久以后,重耳到了宋国。宋襄公款待他,并送他20辆马车。
至郑
西元前637年(鲁僖公23年、周襄王15年、郑文公36年),重耳路过郑国,郑国大夫叔瞻劝郑文公要以礼待重耳,郑文公却以“诸侯亡公子过此者众,安可尽礼!”为由,不听叔瞻劝告,对重耳不予礼遇接待。
至楚
到了楚国,楚成王设宴接待他,并问他以后打算如何报答楚国。重耳回答“万一晋国和楚国之间发生了战争,我愿意命令军队撤退三舍(即九十里)”。楚国大夫成得臣(子玉)建议楚成王马上杀死重耳,以免给自己留下后患,但是楚成王没有采纳他的意见。
至秦
最后,重耳到了秦国,秦穆公热烈接待他,并把五个女子许配给他,其中有秦穆公的亲生女儿怀嬴。 (参考《左传·僖公二十三年》)
返国即位
前636年秦穆公护送重耳回晋国。重耳即位,称晋文公,即位后他在诸侯中威信很高。侍奉晋惠公的旧臣吕省和郤芮害怕遭到晋文公的迫害,所以想谋杀他。他们计划放火烧他的宫室。
勃鞮听到了他们的阴谋,想预告晋文公,但是文公拒绝让他觐见,因为他曾经试图刺杀文公两次。勃鞮回答他当时奉命行事,提醒他“过去齐桓公没有记恨管仲向他射箭”,晋文公听了,便接待了勃鞮,勃鞮就揭露了吕省和郤芮的阴谋。吕省和郤芮逃走,但是秦穆公把他们俘获,并杀死了。
护周
前635年,周襄王的弟弟王子带发起动乱,周襄王逃到郑国并向晋文公紧急请求援助。同时,秦国正准备去救周王。晋文公想当霸主,他乘这个机会显示他的权利和威力,所以不顾晋国刚刚才安定,决定在秦国行动之前,拯救周天子,不让秦国得到功劳。因此,他答应了周襄王,打败了王子带,并护送周襄王回京城。为了感谢晋文公的恩惠,周王把河内、阳樊等地区赏赐给了晋国。
称霸
前633年(周襄王二十年),宋国都城商丘被楚军包围。
前632年初,晋文公率兵救宋,为报答楚国在他流亡国外时楚国的款待,下令军队退避三舍(九十里),在城濮(今山东濮县南)大败楚军。晋文公主持践土之盟,成为霸主。
逝世
前628年冬,晋文公薨,其子晋襄公即位。
除了《左传》和《史记》等文献以外,子犯和钟的铭刻也记载了关于晋文公的生活的重要信息。
子女
欢,即晋襄公,逼姞所生。其一子为晋灵公,另有一子的后人从晋悼公起代代为晋国君主。
伯姬,又作赵姬、君姬氏,逼姞所生,嫁赵衰后主动将正妻地位让给叔隗,生赵婴齐、赵同、赵括。
雍,杜祁所生,文公即位后为免诸子争位遣他出仕于秦。襄公死后赵盾一度想迎立他,但后来却改立灵公并下令袭击护送他回国的秦军,他死于乱军。
乐,辰嬴所生,文公即位后出仕于陈。襄公死后狐射姑为与赵盾争权而图谋迎立他,但他却在途中被赵盾的门客公孙杵臼等人截杀。
黑臀,出仕于周,后为晋成公。其子即晋景公,其孙为晋厉公。
The previous 666 years, the Xi continued to send Chong Er guard Pucheng.
650 years ago, came to the throne self-Yi Wu Chong Er's brother, is Jinhui Gong.
639 years ago, the Duke's death, Qi civil strife. Zhao Cui, Jiu Fan, under a mulberry tree one day to discuss how to leave the state of Qi, a slave girl in Mulberry heard their conversation, Hui Gong after secretly told his wife Chong Er Qi Jiang. Qi Jiang for fear of leaking a secret slave, not only failed to reward her, and soon to kill her. Qi Jiang also advised to leave quickly Chong Er Qi, but Chong Er refused. Therefore, Zhao Cui, who let Chong Er was drunk, to leave Qiguo Guo Chong Er carried to the carriage are Linzi. Chong Er woke up too late, he was very angry, took Ge kill HU Yan, fortunately without success.
Song Dynasty
BC 637 (Lu Xi public 23 years, 15 years of King Xiang of Zhou, Zheng Wengong 36 years), Chong Er passing Zheng, Zheng Shu Zhan doctor should advise Zhengwen Gong courtesy Chong Er, Zheng Wengong but to "princes dead son through this so many people do encore ceremony! "as an excuse not to listen to Uncle looking advice, courtesy of the Chong Er no reception.
To Qin
636 King of Mu Chong Er former escort back to Jin. Chong Er throne, said Lord Wen, after ascending the throne in the nobility of his high prestige. The old veterans serve Jinhui Gong Rui Lu province and has been Lord Wen fear of persecution, so would like to murder him. They plan to set fire to his palace.
635 years ago, King Xiang of Zhou's brother, Prince launched with unrest, King Xiang of Zhou to flee to the Lord Wen Zheng emergency requests for assistance. Meanwhile, the Qin king is preparing to save the week. Lord Wen wanted to overlord, he took the opportunity to demonstrate his rights and power, so just disregard Jinguo Gang stability, decided before the Qin action to save the Zhou, Qin let get credit. Therefore, he promised King Xiang of Zhou defeated the prince with, and escorted back to King Xiang of Zhou capital. In appreciation of the grace of Lord Wen, Zhou Wang to Hanoi, Yang Fan and other areas reward to the State of Jin.
632 before the beginning, the lord shuaibing save the Song, in return for his exile when Chu Chu's dinner, ordered the army to tremble (90 years), in Chengpu (now Shandong puxian South) defeated Chu. Lord Wen Jian soil over the Union, to become dominant.
In addition, "Zuo Zhuan" and "Historical Records" and other literature outside, and bell's inscription child offenders recorded also on the life of Lord Wen important information.
Boji, but also for ZHAO Ji, Jun Ji's, forcing Ji born, married Zhaoshuai status after the initiative will now vacate tert-Kui wife, infant health Zhao Qi, ZHAO Tong, Zhao Kuo.
Black hip, official career in the weeks after Jincheng Gong. His son that Jinjing Gong, the Sun Jin Li for the public.