晉國 人物列錶
姬虞 Ji Yu姬燮 Ji Xie姬寧族 Ji Ningzu
姬服人 Ji Furen姬福 Ji Fu姬宜臼 Ji Yijiu
姬司徒 Ji Situ姬籍 Ji Ji姬弗生 Ji Fusheng
姬殤 Ji Shang姬仇 Ji Chou姬伯 Ji Ba
姬平 Ji Ping姬郤 Ji Xi姬光 Ji Guang
姬小子 Ji Xiaozi姬緡 Ji Min姬稱 Ji Chen
姬詭諸 Ji Guizhu姬夷吾 Ji Yiwu姬圉 Ji Yu
姬重耳 Ji Chonger姬歡 Ji Huan姬夷臯 Ji Yigao
姬黑臀 Ji Heitun姬據 Ji Ju姬壽曼 Ji Shouman
姬周 Ji Zhou姬彪 Ji Biao姬夷 Ji Yi
姬棄疾 Ji Qiji姬午 Ji Wu姬鑿 Ji Zao
姬驕 Ji Jiao姬柳 Ji Liu姬止 Ji Zhi
姬頎 Ji Qi姬俱酒 Ji Jujiu
姬重耳 Ji Chonger
晉國  (前671年前628年九月9日)
網筆號: 文公
開端終結
在位前636年前628年

  晉文公,生於周桓王二十三年(前697年)或周惠王六年(前671年),前636年即位,卒於周襄王二十四年(前628年),晉獻公之子,姓姬名重耳[1],春秋時期著名的政治傢,晉國國君,在位九年,在趙衰、狐偃、賈佗、先軫、魏武子、介之推等人的輔助下成為春秋五霸之一。
  
  流亡生涯
  至翟
  
  在前666年,晉獻公派重耳守護蒲城。
  
  前656年,重耳之兄申生被驪姬害死,重耳遭到也驪姬之亂的迫害,離開了晉國都城絳,到蒲城,他父親晉獻公派勃鞮謀殺重耳,勃鞮割斷了重耳的袖子,重耳爬墻僥幸逃走。重耳的母親是戎族,他决定往翟族人的地方逃跑。
  
  前651年,晉獻公逝世,荀息當國相,驪姬立他兒子奚齊為國君,裏剋殺了驪姬和奚齊,荀息自殺,裏剋派人迎接重耳回國即位,重耳辭謝。
  
  前650年,重耳的弟弟夷吾登位自立,是為晉惠公。
  至齊
  
  前644年,晉惠公派勃鞮第二次追殺重耳,重耳沒死,决定不能在翟族地區多留。他聽說齊桓公的宰相管仲去世了,决定去齊國給齊桓公效勞,他同時希望得到齊國的幫助和保護。重耳在齊國過安逸的生活,放棄了恢復君位的願望。齊桓公送了他20輛馬車,並許配了宗族之女齊薑給重耳。
  
  前639年,齊桓公死後,齊國發生內亂。趙衰、咎犯有一天在一棵桑樹下商量如何離開齊國,一個女奴在桑樹上聽到他們的對話,回宮以後偷偷的告訴了重耳的妻子齊薑。齊薑因為害怕女奴泄露秘密,不但沒有給她奬賞,而且馬上把她給殺了。齊薑也勸告重耳趕快離開齊國,但是重耳不肯。因此,趙衰等人讓重耳喝醉了,把重耳擡到馬車上離開齊國國都臨淄。重耳醒來的時候已經太晚了,他感到非常憤怒,拿了戈追殺狐偃,幸虧沒有成功。
  至曹
  
  重耳和他的忠臣到了曹國。曹共公聽說重耳的肋骨連成一片,很好奇,所以乘重耳洗澡的時候,偷看了他的裸體。因為曹共公他如此無禮,重耳頗生怨心。
  至宋
  
  前638年,楚國打敗宋襄公軍隊不久以後,重耳到了宋國。宋襄公款待他,並送他20輛馬車。
  至鄭
  
  西元前637年(魯僖公23年、周襄王15年、鄭文公36年),重耳路過鄭國,鄭國大夫叔瞻勸鄭文公要以禮待重耳,鄭文公卻以“諸侯亡公子過此者衆,安可盡禮!”為由,不聽叔瞻勸告,對重耳不予禮遇接待。
  至楚
  
  到了楚國,楚成王設宴接待他,並問他以後打算如何報答楚國。重耳回答“萬一晉國和楚國之間發生了戰爭,我願意命令軍隊撤退三捨(即九十裏)”。楚國大夫成得臣(子玉)建議楚成王馬上殺死重耳,以免給自己留下後患,但是楚成王沒有采納他的意見。
  至秦
  
  最後,重耳到了秦國,秦穆公熱烈接待他,並把五個女子許配給他,其中有秦穆公的親生女兒懷嬴。 (參考《左傳·僖公二十三年》)
  返國即位
  
  前636年秦穆公護送重耳回晉國。重耳即位,稱晉文公,即位後他在諸侯中威信很高。侍奉晉惠公的舊臣呂省和郤芮害怕遭到晉文公的迫害,所以想謀殺他。他們計劃放火燒他的宮室。
  
  勃鞮聽到了他們的陰謀,想預告晉文公,但是文公拒絶讓他覲見,因為他曾經試圖刺殺文公兩次。勃鞮回答他當時奉命行事,提醒他“過去齊桓公沒有記恨管仲嚮他射箭”,晉文公聽了,便接待了勃鞮,勃鞮就揭露了呂省和郤芮的陰謀。呂省和郤芮逃走,但是秦穆公把他們俘獲,並殺死了。
  護周
  
  前635年,周襄王的弟弟王子帶發起動亂,周襄王逃到鄭國並嚮晉文公緊急請求援助。同時,秦國正準備去救周王。晉文公想當霸主,他乘這個機會顯示他的權利和威力,所以不顧晉國剛剛纔安定,决定在秦國行動之前,拯救周天子,不讓秦國得到功勞。因此,他答應了周襄王,打敗了王子帶,並護送周襄王回京城。為了感謝晉文公的恩惠,周王把河內、陽樊等地區賞賜給了晉國。
  稱霸
  
  前633年(周襄王二十年),宋國都城商丘被楚軍包圍。
  
  前632年初,晉文公率兵救宋,為報答楚國在他流亡國外時楚國的款待,下令軍隊退避三捨(九十裏),在城濮(今山東濮縣南)大敗楚軍。晉文公主持踐土之盟,成為霸主。
  逝世
  
  前628年鼕,晉文公薨,其子晉襄公即位。
  
  除了《左傳》和《史記》等文獻以外,子犯和鐘的銘刻也記載了關於晉文公的生活的重要信息。
  子女
  
  歡,即晉襄公,逼姞所生。其一子為晉靈公,另有一子的後人從晉悼公起代代為晉國君主。
  
  伯姬,又作趙姬、君姬氏,逼姞所生,嫁趙衰後主動將正妻地位讓給叔隗,生趙嬰齊、趙同、趙括。
  
  雍,杜祁所生,文公即位後為免諸子爭位遣他出仕於秦。襄公死後趙盾一度想迎立他,但後來卻改立靈公並下令襲擊護送他回國的秦軍,他死於亂軍。
  
  樂,辰嬴所生,文公即位後出仕於陳。襄公死後狐射姑為與趙盾爭權而圖謀迎立他,但他卻在途中被趙盾的門客公孫杵臼等人截殺。
  
  黑臀,出仕於周,後為晉成公。其子即晉景公,其孫為晉厲公。


  Lord Wen, born in King Huan of Zhou 20 years (formerly 697) or Zhou Hui Wang six years (before 671), the former 636-year reign, died in King Xiang of Zhou twenty-four years (before 628), Jin Son of the public offering, surnamed Ji name Chong Er [1], Spring and Autumn Period famous politicians, Jinguo Guo Jun, the reign of nine years, in Zhao Cui, HU Yan, Jia Tuo, the first Zhen, Wei Wuzi, medium, and others supporting the push become one of the next and Evolution of.
  The previous 666 years, the Xi continued to send Chong Er guard Pucheng.
  650 years ago, came to the throne self-Yi Wu Chong Er's brother, is Jinhui Gong.
  639 years ago, the Duke's death, Qi civil strife. Zhao Cui, Jiu Fan, under a mulberry tree one day to discuss how to leave the state of Qi, a slave girl in Mulberry heard their conversation, Hui Gong after secretly told his wife Chong Er Qi Jiang. Qi Jiang for fear of leaking a secret slave, not only failed to reward her, and soon to kill her. Qi Jiang also advised to leave quickly Chong Er Qi, but Chong Er refused. Therefore, Zhao Cui, who let Chong Er was drunk, to leave Qiguo Guo Chong Er carried to the carriage are Linzi. Chong Er woke up too late, he was very angry, took Ge kill HU Yan, fortunately without success.
  Song Dynasty
  BC 637 (Lu Xi public 23 years, 15 years of King Xiang of Zhou, Zheng Wengong 36 years), Chong Er passing Zheng, Zheng Shu Zhan doctor should advise Zhengwen Gong courtesy Chong Er, Zheng Wengong but to "princes dead son through this so many people do encore ceremony! "as an excuse not to listen to Uncle looking advice, courtesy of the Chong Er no reception.
  To Qin
  636 King of Mu Chong Er former escort back to Jin. Chong Er throne, said Lord Wen, after ascending the throne in the nobility of his high prestige. The old veterans serve Jinhui Gong Rui Lu province and has been Lord Wen fear of persecution, so would like to murder him. They plan to set fire to his palace.
  635 years ago, King Xiang of Zhou's brother, Prince launched with unrest, King Xiang of Zhou to flee to the Lord Wen Zheng emergency requests for assistance. Meanwhile, the Qin king is preparing to save the week. Lord Wen wanted to overlord, he took the opportunity to demonstrate his rights and power, so just disregard Jinguo Gang stability, decided before the Qin action to save the Zhou, Qin let get credit. Therefore, he promised King Xiang of Zhou defeated the prince with, and escorted back to King Xiang of Zhou capital. In appreciation of the grace of Lord Wen, Zhou Wang to Hanoi, Yang Fan and other areas reward to the State of Jin.
  632 before the beginning, the lord shuaibing save the Song, in return for his exile when Chu Chu's dinner, ordered the army to tremble (90 years), in Chengpu (now Shandong puxian South) defeated Chu. Lord Wen Jian soil over the Union, to become dominant.
  In addition, "Zuo Zhuan" and "Historical Records" and other literature outside, and bell's inscription child offenders recorded also on the life of Lord Wen important information.
  Boji, but also for ZHAO Ji, Jun Ji's, forcing Ji born, married Zhaoshuai status after the initiative will now vacate tert-Kui wife, infant health Zhao Qi, ZHAO Tong, Zhao Kuo.
  Black hip, official career in the weeks after Jincheng Gong. His son that Jinjing Gong, the Sun Jin Li for the public.
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(前636年前628年)
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