qín guó  (前424年～前362年)

姓：	yíng
名：	shī xí
网笔号：	yuán xiàn gōng
陵墓：	áo yǔ
开端 终结 在位 前385年 前362年 秦元献公 前385年 前362年 

　　 qín xiàn gōng （？ - qián 362）， yī zuò “ yuán xiàn gōng ”。 zhàn guó shí qín guó jūn。 líng gōng zhī zǐ。 gōng yuán qián 384- qián 362 nián zài wèi。 yíng xìng， zhào shì， míng lián（ chū zì《 lǚ shì chūn qiū》）， yī míng shī xí（ chū zì《 shǐ jì suǒ yǐn》）。 chū chū bēn yú wèi。 qín huì gōng sǐ， zǐ chū zǐ nián yòu jí wèi， yóu qí mǔ yǔ huàn guān zhǎng quán， yǐn qǐ guó rén bù mǎn。 hòu zuǒ shù cháng gǎi shā chū zǐ， tā chéng jī huí guó， bèi yíng lì jí wèi。 céng fèi zhǐ cóng sǐ（ xùn zàng、 rén xùn） zhì dù， chéng lì yáng（ jīn shǎn xī lín tóng běi wèi shuǐ běi 'àn）， zài pú、 lán tián（ jīn shǎn xī lán tián xī） děng dì shè xiàn。 qín xiàn gōng qī nián（ gōng yuán qián 378 nián）“ chū xíng wéi shì”。 shí nián， lì hù jí xiāng wǔ。 èr shí yī nián， dà pò wèi jūn yú shí mén（ jīn shān xī yùn chéng xī nán）， zhǎn shǒu 6 wàn， shì wéi zhàn guó shí qín duì dōng fāng gè guó de dì yī cì dà shèng。
　　 qián rèn： táng xiōng dì qín chū gōng qián 385 nián héng qián 362 nián
　　 jì rèn： zǐ qín xiào gōng zhào qú liáng ( qián 381- qián 338)
　　 qín xiàn gōng míng lián， yòu míng shī xí， shì qín líng gōng de 'ér zǐ， qín xiào gōng de fù qīn。 gōng yuán qián 385 nián， lián cóng wèi guī qín， wǔ lì duó qǔ zhèng quán， suí hòu kāi shǐ liǎo qín guó de gǎi gé dà yè。 qín xiào gōng hé shāng yàng de gǎi gé shì qín xiàn gōng gǎi gé de yán xù。
　　 qín xiàn gōng shēng yú qín líng gōng yuán nián（ gōng yuán qián 424 nián）。 qín líng gōng sǐ hòu， gōng zǐ lián méi yòu jí chéng wèi， jūn wèi bèi tā de shū shū qín jiǎn gōng qiǎng qù liǎo。 shí suì de gōng zǐ lián wéi fáng bù cè， táo dào dōng biān de lín guó wèi guó， kāi shǐ liǎo cháng dá 'èr shí jiǔ nián de liú wáng shēng yá。
　　 wèi guó dāng shí shì zhōng yuán gè guó zhōng de chāo jí qiáng guó。 wèi wén hóu zhòng yòng lǐ kuī、 wú qǐ、 xī mén bào děng rén， tuī xíng zhōng yāng jí quán， yǐ fǎ zhì guó， guó lì qiáng shèng， diàn dìng liǎo cǐ hòu wèi guó cháng dá bǎi nián de bà yè。 ér cǐ shí de qín guó guó lì pí ruò， zhèng quán bù wěn， guó jūn de fèi lì jīng cháng shì yóu jǐ gè shù cháng shuō liǎo suàn。 wèi wén hóu sān shí bā nián（ gōng yuán qián 408 nián）， wú qǐ lián lián jī bài qín jūn， wán quán duó qǔ liǎo qín guó zǎo zài qín mù gōng shí qī jiù zhàn yòu de hé xī dì（ zài jīn tiān shǎn xī jìng nèi， huáng hé yǔ luò shuǐ zhī jiān de dà piàn tǔ dì）。 cǐ shí de qín guó zhǐ zhàn yòu lǒng shān yǐ dōng、 luò hé yǐ xī、 qín lǐng yǐ běi de wèi hé píng yuán， tǔ dì xiá xiǎo。 zài wèi guó duō duō bī rén de gōng shì miàn qián， qín guó jīyòu miè wáng de wēi xiǎn。
　　 qín guó de kùn dùn dī luò yǔ wèi guó de péng bó fā zhǎn xíng chéng liǎo xiān míng de duì bǐ， jí dà dì cì jī liǎo zài wèi guó liú wáng de gōng zǐ lián。 xiǎng dào qín guó de shuāi bài hé zì jǐ de zāo yù， gōng zǐ lián chǎn shēng liǎo duó huí jūn wèi、 shí xíng xīn zhèng biàn fǎ tú qiáng de qiáng liè yuàn wàng。 yóu yú gōng zǐ lián céng jīng shì bèi lì wéi tài zǐ de qín guó fèi jūn， zài zhèng zhì shàng yòu hěn dà de lì yòng jià zhí， yīn 'ér wèi guó gěi gōng zǐ lián de dài yù hěn yōu hòu。 gōng zǐ lián yī fāng miàn yán jiū xué xí wèi guó de qiáng guó jīng yàn， yī fāng miàn mìqiè zhù shì qín guó guó nèi de jú shì。
　　 gōng yuán qián 385 nián， qín jiǎn gōng de sūn zǐ qín chū zǐ jí wèi。 chū zǐ jí wèi shí cái liǎng suì， yóu tā de mǔ qīn zhù chí cháo zhèng。 yóu yú chū zǐ mǔ qīn rèn yòng wài qī hé huàn guān， yǔ qín guó de gōng shì chéng yuán chǎn shēng liǎo máo dùn， qín guó de nèi zhèng hěn jǐn zhāng。 chū zǐ mǔ qīn wéi lǒngluò rén xīn， shǎng cì guò duō， shǐ qín guó de guó kù kōng xū， bù dé bù jiā zhòng shuìlǜ yǐ zēng jiā guó kù shōu rù， yǐn qǐ liǎo dì zhù hé zì gēng nóng de qiáng liè bù mǎn。
　　 cǐ shí， wèi wǔ hóu jiāng wèi wén hóu kāi chuàng de bà yè yòu tuī xiàng liǎo yī gè xīn de gāo dù， lián qí guó de tián hé xiǎng qiú fēng zhū hóu dū dé tōng guò wèi wǔ hóu xiàng zhōu tiān zǐ tǎo fēng。 qín chū zǐ yuán nián（ gōng yuán qián 386 nián）， tián hé bèi zhèng shì liè wéi zhū hóu， tián shì dài qí de shì shí zài fǎ lǜ shàng dé dào liǎo zhōu tiān zǐ de rèn kě。 yóu yú wèi guó bāng liǎo tián hé zhè yàng yī gè dà máng， wèi guó hé qí guó chū xiàn liǎo duǎn zàn de hé píng。 dàn yě zài zhè yī nián， zhào guó yǔ wèi guó、 hán guó chǎn shēng liǎo lì yì jiū fēn， bǎ dū chéng cóng yì shòu wèi guó gōng jī de zhōng móu（ jīn hé nán hè bì xī） běi qiān dào biàn yú fáng shǒu de hán dān， zhǔn bèi yǔ hán、 wèi jué liè。 cǐ qián， hán、 zhào、 wèi jīng cháng zài yī qǐ xíng dòng， xiān hòu dǎ bài guò qí guó hé chǔ guó， duó qǔ liǎo chǔ、 zhèng、 sòng děng guó de dà piàn tǔ dì。 dàn yóu yú dì lǐ wèi zhì de yuán yīn， zhè xiē tǔ dì yīn wéi yǔ nán miàn de hán wèi jiē rǎng 'ér duō wéi liǎng guó suǒ zhàn， běi biān de zhào guó yǔ zhè xiē xīn dé dào de tǔ dì bù jiē rǎng 'ér jīng cháng shì gēn zhe wèi hán bái máng huó。 ér qiě wèi guó duì zhào guó de nán jìn zhōng yuán fēi cháng dǐ zhì， yǐn qǐ liǎo zhào guó de qiáng liè bù mǎn。 yú shì， zhào jìng hóu jué dìng bǎ dū chéng qiān wǎng gèng lì yú fáng shǒu de hán dān， yǐ biàn yú tóng wèi guó zhǎn kāi duì tǔ dì de zhēng duó。 hán dān xī、 nán、 dōng wéi zhāng hé huán rào， xī biān gèng shì yòu tài xíng shān wéi fáng wèi、 hán de tiān rán píng zhàng。 zhōng móu tū rù wèi guó de shì lì fàn wéi， chǔjìng wēi xiǎn， bù lì yú tóng xiàng wèi guó zhè yàng de qiáng dà duì shǒu zuò zhàn。 zhào jìng hóu qiān dū hán dān hòu， zhù yào de gōng qǔ duì xiàng shì wèi guó de tǔ dì， zhè jiù huì wēi xié dào kòng zhì wèi guó de wèi guó de lì yì。 ér qiě zhào guó yǔ lí wèi fù chǔ de wú qǐ lián xì jǐn mì， zhào chǔ lián hé， jiù jiāng duì wèi guó zhàn lǐng de zhòng yào chéng shì dà liáng xíng chéng nán běi jiā jī zhī shì。 ér xī miàn de qín guó shì wèi guó de sǐ dí， zuì jìn yǔ zhào chǔ de lián xì yě hěn jǐn mì。 rú guǒ qín zhào chǔ lián hé jìn gōng wèi guó， wèi guó jiù jiāng chǔyú nán běi xī sān miàn shòu dí de bù lì jú miàn。
　　 wèi wǔ hóu jué dìng lì yòng qín guó de nèi zhèng bù wěn， bǎ diān fù qín zhèng quán zuò wéi wèi guó chōng chū sān guó bāo wéi de tū pò kǒu。 jìn guǎn qín shì sān guó zhōng zuì ruò de， dàn jiě jué qín guó bù néng kào zhàn zhēng。 rú guǒ wèi guó gōng qín， zhào chǔ bì dìng huì chèn shì nán běi jiā gōng， zhè zhèng zhōng liǎo zhào chǔ de xià huái。 wèi wǔ hóu jué dìng cǎi yòng yī gè jì shěng lì yòu xǐngshì de bàn fǎ。 zhè gè bàn fǎ jiù shì bǎ gōng zǐ lián sòng huí qín guó， bāng zhù gōng zǐ lián duó qǔ zhèng quán， jiàn lì yī gè qīn wèi zhèng fǔ。 ér qiě， jí shǐ gōng zǐ lián duó quán shī bài， qín guó yě bì jiāng xiàn rù hùn luàn， wú xiá dōng gù。 wèi wǔ hóu de zhè gè bàn fǎ kě wèi liǎng quán qí měi。
　　 wèi wǔ hóu pài rén gào sù gōng zǐ lián， wèi guó yào zhī chí tā guī guó duó huí běn yìng shǔ yú tā de qín guó jūn wèi， gōng zǐ lián tīng hòu méi yòu lì jí biǎo tài。 gōng zǐ lián yě zài mìqiè guān zhù wèi guó mù qián de xíng shì， zhī dào wèi wǔ hóu zhī chí zì jǐ guī guó de yòng yì。 wèi guó shàn dài zì jǐ jiāng jìn sān shí nián， cǐ qián yī zhí méi yòu tí chū yào sòng zì jǐ guī guó， běn lái jiù shì yào bǎ zì jǐ liú zài dāo rèn shàng shǐ yòng。 ér cǐ shí wèi guó suǒ chù de guó jì huán jìng xiǎn 'è， zhèng shì yào lì yòng zì jǐ de shí hòu。 gōng zǐ lián suī rán yòu qiáng liè de guī guó zhí zhèng yuàn wàng， dàn tā zhī dào， qín guó yǔ wèi guó shì sǐ dí， rú guǒ shì wèi guó sòng tā huí qù， zì jǐ kěn dìng bù huì shòu dào qín guó rén de huān yíng。 ér qiě， zì jǐ yóu yú shì zài wèi guó zhī chí xià cái qǔ dé zhèng quán de guó jūn， bì rán yào shòu dào wèi guó de zhì yuē， ér duì qín guó bù lì。 gōng zǐ lián bù yuàn zuò yòu sǔn yú qín guó lì yì de shì。 gōng zǐ lián yě zhī dào， tā bù néng jù jué wèi wǔ hóu。 gōng zǐ lián duì yú wèi guó de jià zhí jiù zài yú tā de shēn fèn， zài yú tā zài qín guó hái yòu yī dìng de hào zhào lì， wèi guó jiù shì xiǎng lì yòng zhè yī diǎn rǎo luàn qín guó 'ér zuò shōu yú lì。 rú guǒ jù jué wèi wǔ hóu， zì jǐ jiù chéng liǎo duì wèi guó méi yòu jià zhí de rén， hěn kě néng huì yīn cǐ zhāo lái shā shēn zhī huò。 gōng zǐ lián xiǎng liǎo xiǎng hòu， duì wèi wǔ hóu de shǐ zhě shuō， tā fēi cháng gǎn xiè wèi wén hóu hé wèi wǔ hóu zhè xiē nián lái duì tā de zhào gù， wèi guó mù qián chǔyú bǐ jiào jǐn zhāng de guó jì huán jìng zhōng， zì jǐ bù yuàn wèi wǔ hóu zài wéi tā 'ér fēn sàn lì liàng。 gōng zǐ lián dǎ suàn zì jǐ dú zì guī guó， xiè jué liǎo wèi guó de hù sòng。 wèi wǔ hóu jiàn gōng zǐ lián dāyìng guī guó， mùdì yǐ dá dào， biàn zèng gěi gōng zǐ lián chē mǎ hé dà liàng jīn yín zhū bǎo， wèn gōng zǐ lián hé shí qǐ chéng， dào shí hǎo wèitā jiàn xíng。 gōng zǐ lián shuō zhì shǎo dé xū yào yī nián， dào shí dìng xiàng wǔ hóu cí bié。 wǔ hóu suī rán bù shì hěn gāo xīng， dàn hái shì lǐ mào dì yǔ gōng zǐ lián dào bié。 cǐ qián， gōng zǐ lián yě zài xiǎng lì yòng qín guó de nèi zhèng bù wěn duó huí jūn wèi， dàn tā bù yuàn yì jiē shòu wèi guó de bāng zhù， shòu wèi wǔ hóu de bǎi bù。 wèi wǔ hóu de jiàn yì ràng gōng zǐ lián jì bù néng jiē shòu， yě bù néng jù jué， fǎn dǎo pò shǐ tā lì jí kāi shǐ liǎo duó quán de zhǔn bèi huó dòng。
　　 gōng zǐ lián ràng shēn biān jī zhì shàn biàn zhī rén jìn rù qín guó， lián xì yǔ chū zǐ mǔ qīn bù hé de dà chén， zài mín jiān sàn bù gōng zǐ lián yào huí guó shí xíng xīn zhèng de xiāo xī， yòng jīn yín zhū bǎo jiāo jiē háo jié yì shì， àn zhōng zhēng qǔ qín jūn de jiànglǐng。 qín guó rén duì dāng nián gōng zǐ lián jūn wèi bèi shū shū qín jiǎn gōng duó zǒu de zāo yù dōuhěn tóng qíng。 qín jiǎn gōng zài wèi qī jiān， qín guó cháo zhèng fǔ bài， guó lì léi ruò， diū diào liǎo hé xī dì， qín rén duì jiǎn gōng dōuhěn yòu yuàn yán。 jiǎn gōng de 'ér zǐ huì gōng zài wèi qī jiān， qín guó méi yòu shénme zuò wéi， zhǐ néng zì bǎo。 huì gōng sǐ hòu， liǎng suì de 'ér zǐ chū zǐ jí wèi， qín guó gèng shì jìn rù dào liǎo chū zǐ mǔ qīn zhí zhèng de hùn luàn jú miàn。 qín rén duì qín guó de zhè zhǒng wēi xiǎn zhuàng kuàng dōuhěn dān yōu， xī wàng qín guó néng gòu chū xiàn yī wèi yòu zuò wéi de jūn zhù， dài lǐng dà jiā zǒu chū kùn jìng， chóngxiàn dāng nián qín mù gōng shí de qiáng shèng。 qín guó xǔ duō dà chén bù mǎn chū zǐ mǔ qīn zhòng yòng běn jiā qīn shǔ de zuò fǎ， yuàn yì pèi hé gōng zǐ lián tuī fān chū zǐ mǔ qīn de tǒng zhì。 qín guó de zì gēng nóng hé dì zhù zài tīng shuō gōng zǐ lián yào huí guó shí xíng xīn zhèng hòu， dū pàn zhe gōng zǐ lián de zǎo rì guī lái。　
　　 zài chóuhuà liǎo yī nián hòu， gōng zǐ lián jué dé shí jī chéng shú liǎo， biàn zhǔn bèi dòng shēn。 zài yǔ wèi wǔ hóu cí bié de shí hòu， gōng zǐ lián yǔ wèi wǔ hóu méng shì， gōng zǐ lián gǎn xiè sān shí nián lái wèi guó duì zì jǐ de shèng qíng kuǎn dài， rú guǒ gōng zǐ lián chéng gōng dì duó huí jūn wèi， qín guó bǎo zhèng zài wèi wǔ hóu zài shì de shí hòu bù yǔ wèi guó wéi dí。 zhè gè shì yán ràng wèi wǔ hóu hěn bù shū fú。 qín chū zǐ 'èr nián（ gōng yuán qián 385 nián）， qín shù cháng jūn gǎi yíng lì gōng zǐ lián yú hé xī。 qín chū zǐ mǔ qīn zhī dào hòu， mìng lìng jūn duì qù xiāo miè gōng zǐ lián yī huǒ。 zhè zhī jūn duì de jiànglǐng zǎo yǐ bèi gōng zǐ lián shōu mǎi， zài lù shàng shuō fú liǎo shǒu xià rén， qù yíng jiē gōng zǐ lián。 yán tú wén xùn 'ér lái yíng jiē gōng zǐ lián de qín guó bǎi xìng hěn duō， gōng zǐ lián zài zhè xiē rén de cù yōng xià jìn rù liǎo qín guó dedōu chéng yōng， shā sǐ liǎo qín chū zǐ hé tā de mǔ qīn， duó huí liǎo jūn wèi。
　　 qín xiàn gōng yuán nián（ gōng yuán qián 384 nián）， xiàn gōng fèi chú liǎo qín guó zì qín wǔ gōng yǐ lái shí xíng liǎo sān bǎi duō nián de yǐ rén xùn zàng zhì dù， shòu dào liǎo qín guó mín zhòng de zàn yáng。 qín xiàn gōng fèi chú zhè xiàng zhì dù， cóng gēn běn shàng lái shuō， shì wéi liǎo bì miǎn qīng zhuàng nián láo dòng lì bèi bái bái dì shā sǐ。 cǐ qián， qín guó de nú lì zhù guì zú yǐ xùn zàng rén de shù liàng hé zhì liàng lái xiǎn shì zì jǐ de shēn fèn， qín guó měi nián dōuyào shā sǐ dà liàng de qīng zhuàng nián nú lì。 fèi chú yǐ rén xùn zàng， wéi qín guó cún huó liǎo dà liàng de láo dòng lì， duì qín guó de nóng yè hé gōng shāng yè shēng chǎn fēi cháng yòu lì。 zuò wéi xùn zàng zhì dù de biàn tōng cuò shī， qín guó de nú lì zhù guì zú kāi shǐ yǐ táo yǒng dài tì zhēn rén xùn zàng。 qín guó dì duō rénshào， xiàn gōng gǔ lì duō shēng， jiǎng lì duō shēng 'ér zǐ de rén。 xiàn gōng hái xī yǐn zhōu biān guó jiā hé bù zú de rén dào qín guó zhòngdì、 fàng mù， yǔ běn guó rén yī shì tóng rén， bù xǔ qí shì zhè xiē wài lái hù。 tōng guò zhè xiē cuò shī， qín guó de rén kǒu shù liàng míng xiǎn tí gāo， yuán lái de hěn duō huāng tián dé dào liǎo kāi kěn。
　　 qín xiàn gōng èr nián（ gōng yuán qián 383 nián）， xiàn gōng jiāng dū chéng cóng wèi yú qín guó xī bù de yōng（ jīn shǎn xī fèng xiáng） qiān dào liǎo qín guó dōng bù、 dì jìn hé xī dì de lì yáng（ jīn shǎn xī lín tóng běi）。 xiàn gōng qiān dū yī fāng miàn shì xiàng guó rén biǎo míng tā yào duó huí xī hé zhī dì zhòng zhèn qín guó guó wēi de jué xīn， lìng yī fāng miàn shì yào bǎi tuō nú lì zhù jù jí de jiù dū yōng de shù fù。
　　 qín xiàn gōng zhù yào shì kào nú lì zhù guì zú duó dé zhèng quán de。 dàn zài duó qǔ zhèng quán hòu， yòu yào kào dì zhù hé zì gēng nóng de zhī chí lái biàn fǎ tú qiáng， yīn 'ér yào píng héng hǎo tā men zhī jiān de guān xì。
　　 qín xiàn gōng duì duì dì zhù hé zì gēng nóng duì xiàn liǎo zì jǐ de xíng zhèng gāng lǐng， jì xù tuī xíng chū zū hé， dé dào liǎo dì zhù hé zì gēng nóng de zhī chí。 qín guó zài gōng yuán qián sì líng bā nián kāi shǐ shí xíng chū zū hé。 suǒ wèi chū zū hé jiù shì 'àn zhào tǔ dì zhàn yòu zhě shí jì zhàn yòu de tǔ dì miàn jī， zhēng shōu nóng zuò wù shí wù shuì。 zhè xiàng zhì dù de shí shī， jiù shì zài fǎ lǜ shàng chéng rèn liǎo tǔ dì zhàn yòu zhě duì suǒ zhàn tǔ dì yōng yòu suǒ yòu quán， shǐ dà pī zhàn yòu sī kěn tián dì de dì zhù hé zì gēng nóng chéng wéi tǔ dì de hé fǎ zhù rén。 qín guó de chū zū hé zài dōng bù biān fáng dì qū tuī xíng dé bǐ jiào shùn lì， zài nú lì zhù jù jí de yǐ yōng wéi zhōng xīn de xī bù dì qū zé shòu dào liǎo hěn dà de dǐ zhì。 qín xiàn gōng bǎ dū chéng qiān dào dōng bù de lì yáng， jiù shì yào dé dào zài nà lǐ zhàn yōu shì de dì zhù jí tuán de zhī chí， ér duì xī bù de nú lì zhù guì zú zé méi yòu yìng xìng gǎi biàn tā men de shēng chǎn fāng shì。 wèile wěn dìng dì zhù hé nú lì zhù guì zú liǎng dà jí tuán， qín xiàn gōng cǎi yòng liǎo yī guó liǎng zhì de zhé zhōng bàn fǎ。
　　 dì zhù jīng jì xū yào gù yōng dà liàng de láo dòng lì lái cóng shì nóng yè shēng chǎn。 yuán lái nú lì zhù guì zú jiā de nú lì hé yǔ dāng quán nú lì zhù guì zú wéi dí de rén， yòu hěn duō dū yǐ fù dào zhè xiē dì zhù de shēn biān， yīn wéi dì zhù de bō xuē bǐ nú lì zhù yào qīng dé duō， ér qiě rén shēn shàng yě bù shòu shāng hài， yòu xíng dòng de zì yóu， shèn zhì shì kě yǐ yōng yòu zì jǐ de cái chǎn。 nú lì zhù zài zhuī xún táo páo de nú lì hé zuì fàn shí， cháng cháng huì zhuī dào dì zhù zhè lǐ， ér dì zhù chū yú zì shēn lì yì de kǎo lǜ， wǎng wǎng huì bāo bì tā sī cáng de nú lì hé zuì fàn。 yóu yú nú lì de dà liàng táo páo hé liú xià lái de nú lì gōng zuò jī jí xìng bù gāo， nú lì zhù de tián dì dà liàng huāng wú。 shí jiān yī jiǔ， dì zhù jiù yǐ kāi kěn huāng dì wéi yóu， duì zhè xiē tǔ dì jìn xíng kāi kěn zhàn yòu， yǔ nú lì zhù jiù zhè kuài tǔ dì de suǒ yòu quán chǎn shēng fǎ lǜ jiū fēn。 chū yú duì láo dòng lì hé tǔ dì de zhēng duó， dì zhù yǔ nú lì zhù de máo dùn yuè lái yuè dà。 dàn yóu yú nú lì zhù guì zú dān rèn guó jiā zhí wù， yīn 'ér dì zhù zài yǔ nú lì zhù de zhēng dǒu zhōng cháng chǔyú xià fēng。 wèicǐ， dì zhù jīng cháng cǎi yòng jí duān de fāng shì lái yǔ nú lì zhù duì kàng。
　　 qín xiàn gōng zài duó qǔ zhèng quán hòu， cóng dì zhù zhòngxuǎn bá liǎo yī pī yòu cái néng de rén dān rèn guó jiā dà chén， yǔn xǔ dì zhù hé zì gēng nóng cóng jūn， shǐ tā men kào lì gōng huò dé jué wèi。 zhè jiù gěi liǎo dì zhù hé zì gēng nóng cóng zhèng de chū lù， shǐ tā men néng gòu tōng guò hé fǎ de tú jìng lái mǎn zú zì jǐ de zhèng zhì xū yào。 dì zhù hé zì gēng nóng cǐ shí yǐ shì yī gè zhòng yào de lì yì jí tuán， shì xiàn gōng duó qǔ zhèng quán hòu fù guó qiáng bīng de zhòng yào zhī chí zhě， shì qín guó zhòng yào de bīng yuán hé shuì yuán。
　　 qín guó de chū zū hé shì shí xíng dé bǐ jiào wǎn de， guó nèi de nú lì zhù shì lì yǐ rán hěn qiáng dà。 nú lì zhù guì zú yòu jiǎn miǎn shuì、 jiǎn miǎn láo yì、 jiǎn miǎn xíng fá děng tè quán， ér qiě tā men zhǎng wò zhe guó jiā de cháo zhèng hé jūn duì， cháng cháng kě yǐ kòng zhì guó jūn de zuò fǎ。 qín guó yǐ qián fā shēng guò duō qǐ qiáng chén shì jūn de bēi jù， jiù shì yīn wéi tā men zhǎng wò jūn duì hé cháo zhèng。 qín xiàn gōng zhī dào nú lì zhù guì zú shì jiàn lì jūn zhù jí quán zhì dù de zhàng 'ài， shì guó jiā shí lì de fēn liè zhě。 dàn yóu yú qín guó de guì zú shì xiàn gōng duó qǔ zhèng quán de zhù yào zhī chí zhě， gèng zhù yào de shì tā men de shì lì yǐ rán qiáng dà， qín xiàn gōng cǎi qǔ liǎo lǒngluò guì zú shì lì de bàn fǎ。 wèile wěn dìng guó nèi de guì zú shì lì， xiàn gōng qǔ liǎo tā men zhōng zuì yòu shì lì de yī jiā de nǚ 'ér wéi qī zǐ。
　　 zài xiàn gōng de lǐng dǎo xià， qín rén kàn dào liǎo qín guó fù sū de xī wàng， xǔ duō réndōu zhuī suí xiàn gōng jiàn gōng lì yè lái dào liǎo lì yáng， lì yáng hěn kuài jiù chéng wéi qín guó xīn de zhèng zhì hé jūn shì zhōng xīn， dài tì liǎo yōng de dì wèi。
　　 qín xiàn gōng liù nián（ gōng yuán qián 379 nián）， xiàn gōng bǎ pú、 lán tián、 shàn、 míng shì děng biān jìng dì qū gǎi jiàn chéng xiàn， yóu zì jǐ zhí jiē zhǎng wò， pài guān lì dài biǎo zì jǐ jìn xíng guǎn lǐ。 xiàn gōng de lì liàng dé dào liǎo hěn dà de jiā qiáng。
　　 qín xiàn gōng qī nián（ gōng yuán qián 378 nián）， qín guó chū xíng wéi shì， kāi shǐ duì gōng shāng yè jìn xíng guī fàn guǎn lǐ， chōu qǔ yíng yè shuì。 chū xíng wéi shì yǔ chū zū hé wéi qín guó de guó kù dài lái liǎo dà liàng de shōu rù， guó jiā de jīng jì shí lì bèi zēng。
　　 qín xiàn gōng shí nián（ gōng yuán qián 375 nián）， qín wéi hù jí xiāng wǔ， bǎ wǔ hù rén jiā biān wéi yī wǔ， nóng máng shí hù xiāng bāng zhù， nóng xián shí jìn xíng jūn shì xùn liàn。 rú guǒ yòu rén fàn fǎ， shí xíng lián zuò。 yīn 'ér rén rén zì wēi， hù xiāng jiān dū， qín guó de shè huì zhì 'ān míng xiǎn hǎo zhuǎn。
　　 qín xiàn gōng qǔ dé zhèng quán hòu， jiù mái tóu gǎi gé、 lì jīng tú zhì， bù cānyù qí tā guó jiā jiān de zhēng dǒu， qín guó de guó lì jiàn qiáng， rén kǒu yě zēng jiā liǎo bù shǎo， jūn duì de jūn shì sù zhì yòu liǎo hěn dà de tí gāo， qín rén duì huī fù qín mù gōng shí de róng yào yě yuè lái yuè qiáng liè。 duì yú xiàn gōng de yī xì liè gǎi gé， qín guó de dì zhù shí fēn zhī chí， ér nú lì zhù què yuè lái yuè yòu yì jiàn。 nú lì zhù huò qǔ tǔ dì de zhù yào fāng shì shì kào guó jūn de fēng shǎng， dì zhù huò qǔ tǔ dì de zhù yào fāng shì shì kào kāi kěn huāng dì hé gòu mǎi。 xiàn gōng de zhèng cè wú yí shì zhī chí dì zhù jīng jì de， ér xiàn gōng běn rén hěn shǎo jiāng tǔ dì shǎng gěi guì zú。 qín guó de nú lì zhù men shòu dào liǎo hěn dà de yì zhì， qí zhōng yī bù fēn rén zhuǎn huà wéi dì zhù， cǎi qǔ dì zhù jīng jì de shēng chǎn fāng shì， xiàn gōng duì zhè xiē rén de zuò fǎ hěn zhī chí。 dàn bì jìng qín guó de nú lì zhù shì lì shì yī gè chuán tǒng shì lì， yóu qí shì zài qín rén zǎo qī huó dòng de zhōng xīn， qín guó de xī bù， yǐ rán hěn qiáng dà。 nú lì zhù kòng zhì de xī bù yǔ dì zhù kòng zhì de dōng bù de máo dùn yuè lái yuè dà。 zhè zhù yào shì yīn wéi qín guó de tǔ dì shù liàng yǐ jīng mǎn zú bù liǎo tā men de xū qiú， ér shǐ tā men duì xiàn yòu tǔ dì jìn xíng zhēng duó。 dāng rán， hái yòu duì quán lì de zhēng duó。 jìn guǎn duì yú tǔ dì hé zhuāng yuán de jīng yíng， nú lì zhù míng xiǎn bù rú dì zhù zài xíng， dàn tā men duì tǔ dì de kě wàng què shì tóng yàng qiáng liè de。 xiàn gōng jué dìng yòng zhàn zhēng lái zhuǎn yí jǐn zhāng de guó nèi máo dùn， qiǎng duó lín guó de tǔ dì lái huǎn jiě guó nèi duì tǔ dì de qiáng liè xū qiú。 qín rén duì yǔ zhōng yuán de jiāo liú yòu zhe qiáng liè de yuàn wàng， zhè yě shì xiàn gōng yī zhí jiù yòu de mèng xiǎng。 xiàn gōng wǎn nián， qín guó wèicǐ jìn xíng liǎo yī xì liè de zhàn zhēng。
　　 qín xiàn gōng shí jiǔ nián（ gōng yuán qián 366 nián）， xiàn gōng jiàn hán wèi liǎng guó wēi xié zhōu tiān zǐ xiǎn wáng， biàn jué dìng yǐ cǐ wéi jiè kǒu， qǐ bīng qín wáng。 qín jūn zài luò yáng dǎ bài liǎo hán wèi liǎng jūn， dé dào zhōu xiǎn wáng de zàn shǎng， qín guó de guó jì dì wèi míng xiǎn tí gāo， qín rén fǎng fó kàn dào liǎo wǎng xī de róng yào， guó nèi de zhù yì lì zhuànxiàng wài zhàn。 qín guó yòu kāi shǐ cānyù zhōng yuán de shì wù liǎo。
　　 qín xiàn gōng èr shí yī nián（ gōng yuán qián 364 nián）， xiàn gōng xià lìng qín jūn gōng wèi， duó qǔ liǎo qín guó de gù tǔ hé xī dì， yī zhí dǎ guò huáng hé， shēn rù wèi jìng dào shí mén（ jīn shān xī yùn chéng xī nán）， zhǎn shǒu liù wàn， qǔ dé liǎo qín guó qián suǒ wèi yòu de dà shèng lì。 xiàn gōng bǎ zhè xiē tǔ dì shǎng gěi liǎo dì zhù hé guì zú， guó nèi de máo dùn dé dào liǎo yī dìng de huǎn jiě。 zhōu xiǎn wáng xiàng xiàn gōng zhù hè zhè yī shèng lì， xiàn gōng bèi cì yú liǎo yǔ qín mù gōng yī yàng de bó（ shì bà zhù de yì sī） de chēng hào。
　　 qín xiàn gōng èr shí sān nián（ gōng yuán qián 362 nián）， qín guó zài shǎo liáng（ jīn shǎn xī hán chéng xī nán）， dà bài wèi jūn， fú lǔ wèi xiāng gōng shū cuó， gōng qǔ liǎo páng chéng（ jīn hán chéng dōng nán）。 gōng shū cuó zǎo nián zài wèi guó duì qín xiàn gōng bù bó， xiàn gōng zài shèng qíng kuǎn dài yī fān hòu， jiāng gōng shū cuó fàng huí wèi guó。 bù jiǔ， qín xiàn gōng jiù qù shì liǎo。 tài zǐ qú liáng jí wèi。

　　Qin Xiangong name with, but also teacher Xi, the son of a Qinling Gong, Xiao of Qin's father. In 385 BC, and even return from Wei Qin, seize power by force, then began the reforms at the state of Qin. Xiao of Qin and Shang Yang's reform is a continuation of the reform Qinxian Gong.
　　Wei Qin exhausted the rapid development of low and sharp contrast, greatly stimulated the exile of the son with the Wei. Think of the decline of the state of Qin and his own experience, son even had a back Throne, the implementation of the strong desire of the New Deal and Political Reform. As the son had been established even for the Prince of Qin Jun waste in the use of great political value, and therefore the treatment of Wei to son with very generous. Son with one of Wei's powerful learning experience, while closely monitoring the situation in the state of Qin China.
　　At this point, Marquis Wei Wen Wei Wuhou will create the dominance it to a new height, even the Qi field and would like to seek closure through the princes had to discuss the Zhou Wei Wuhou to seal. The first year of a child of Qin (386 BC), the field and was formally classified as feudal lords, Tian Qi on behalf of the fact that the law has been approved by the king. As Wei Tian, and this helped a lot by Wei and Qi appeared short-lived peace. However, this same year, Zhao and Wei in the interests of South Korea had a dispute, the capital of Wei from vulnerable to attack Zhongmu (now Henan Hebi West) moved north to facilitate the defense of Handan, preparation and Han, Wei break. Earlier, Han, Zhao, Wei often with action, has beaten Qi and Chu, won Chu, Zheng, Song, and other countries of large tracts of land. However, because of geographical reasons, because the land south of the Han and Wei for the two countries share borders and more, the north side of Zhao and the new borders of the land and often do not follow the white busy for Han Wei. And Wei Zhao of the Central Plains of the very resistance aroused strong dissatisfaction Zhao. Thus, Zhao Jing Hou decided to move to more favorable capital Handan defense, so start with Wei competition for land. Handan West, South, East to Zhanghe surrounded by the Taihang Mountains to the west is a defense of Wei, Han's natural barrier. Zhongmu inrush Wei's sphere of influence, risk is not conducive with strong rivals such as Wei operations. Zhao Jing Hou move the capital of Handan, the main object is to capture the land of Wei, which would threaten the control of Wei Wei's interests. And Wei Zhao and went away from the closely linked Chu Wu Qi, Zhao Chu joint, it will occupy the important city of Wei the formation of north-south pincer attack beam. And west of the state of Qin was the sworn enemy of Wei, Chao Chu recent contact with very closely. If the joint attack Qin Zhao Wei Chu, Wei will be in the north and south and west sides by the enemy of the unfavorable situation.
　　Wei Wuhou decided to use instability in the internal affairs of the state of Qin, to subvert the regime, as Wei Qin surrounded breakthrough out of the three countries. Although Qin is the weakest of the three countries, but can not rely on war to solve the state of Qin. If the attack Wei Qin, Zhao Chu will attack from taking advantage of the north and south, which the middle of the Chao Chu wants. Wei Wuhou decided to adopt a way to both effort and save trouble. This approach is to link back to the Qin's son, to help son with seizure of power, the establishment of a pro-Wei government. Moreover, even if the son with seizure of power failure, the state of Qin will certainly fall into chaos, Gu Eastern time. Wei Wuhou of this approach can be described best of both worlds.
　　Wei Wuhou son even sent people to tell, Wei returned back to support him should belong to him Qin Guojun bit, did not immediately declare their son even after listening. Wei is also closely connected son of the current situation, that the intention of returning Wei Wuhou support their. Weiguo Shan to be his almost three decades, had never proposed to send their returned, had to stay where they are needed is to bring their own use. At a time when the international environment Wei sinister, it is to make use of their time. Son returned even though there is a strong desire to govern, but he knows that is the sworn enemy of the state of Qin and Wei, Wei sent him back if his own state of Qin who definitely will not be welcomed. Moreover, its support since it is only under Wei emperor to power, inevitably subject to constraints Wei, while Qin negative. Son even reluctant to do something detrimental to the interests of the state of Qin. Son even knows that he can not refuse Weiwu Hou. Son with the value for Wei is that his identity is that he still have a certain appeal in the state of Qin, Wei is to use this disturbing state of Qin and boon. If you refuse to Weiwu Hou, Wei himself had become a person of no value, is likely to mean death might bring. Son even thought for a while, on the Weiwu Hou said the envoy, he is very grateful to Marquis Wei Wen and Wei Wuhou years to his care, Wei is now at more tense international environment, he was unwilling to Weiwu Hou and scattered his forces again. Even his own son returned intention, declined Wei escort. Wei Wuhou see the promised son returned with the aim has been achieved, then donated to son with horses and chariots and a lot of gold and silver jewelry, even when asked the son left, good for him that time, farewell. Son even said that at least a year, to bid farewell when the orientation Wuhou. Wuhou although not very happy, but still polite and son even say goodbye. Prior to that, son even also want to use instability in the internal affairs of the state of Qin regain the throne, but he did not want to accept the help of Wei by Wei Wuhou mercy. Wei Wuhou son with the recommendation to neither accept nor reject, and have actually forced him to seize power immediately started preparatory activities.
　　Qinxian Gong won mainly by slave power elite. But after seizing power, but also rely on the support of landowners and farmers to undertake political reforms, and thus to balance the good of their relationship.
　　Qinxian Gong in seized power, were selected from a group of landowners who have served as state minister to allow landowners and farmers in the army, so that they receive knighthood by meritorious service. This gives landowners and farmers in politics way, so that they can through legal means to satisfy their own political needs. Landowners and farmers at this time is an important interest group, is offering the public the importance of seizing power after supporters of Enriching, is an important source of troops, and sources of tax revenue the state of Qin.
　　Qin Xiangong six years (379 BC), offering the public the Po, Lam Tin, the good, the borders tomorrow's turned into a county in your direct control, to send officials to manage their own behalf. The power of the public offering has been greatly enhanced.
　　Qin Xiangong to power, plunged into the reform, good governance, not to participate in the struggle of other countries, Qin national crescendo, the population has increased considerably, the army's military qualities have greatly improved the restoration of Qin Qin duke glory when more and more strongly. Offering a series of reforms for the public, landlords very supportive of the state of Qin, and slave owners are getting to it. Master the main way of access to land by the king's Feng Shang, the landlord is the main form of access to land through land reclamation and purchasing. Undoubtedly offer the public policy to support the landlord's economy, but offer very little public land, I may give nobility. Qin's slave owners who will be greatly inhibited, some of them into a landlord, the landlord to take the economic mode of production, offering the public the practice of these people very supportive. But, after all, the slave forces Qin is a traditional forces, especially in the early activity center Qin, Qin west, still very strong. Master control of the western and eastern landowners control the growing contradictions. This is mainly because the amount of land the state of Qin had failed to meet their needs, allow them to compete on the existing land. Of course, there is struggle for power. Although the land and estate management, master clear line as landlords, but they want the land it is equally strong. Xian decided to use war to divert public tension internal contradictions, land grabbing neighbors to mitigate the strong domestic demand for land. Qin exchanges people and the Central Plains have a strong desire, which is offering the public has always had the dream. Public offering later years, the state of Qin to this end a series of wars.
　　Qin Xiangong 20 years (362 BC), Qin Liang in a small (now Hancheng Southwest), defeated Jun Wei, WEI Xiang Gong prisoners Uncle acne, and captured the city Pang (now Seoul South East). Gongshu acne early on in the Wei Qin Xiangong not thin, offering the public something in hospitality, will replace Wei Gong Shu acne. Soon, Qinxian Gong died. Liang came to the throne Prince drainage.

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