qín guó zuòzhělièbiǎo
qín zhāo wáng Qin Zhaowangqín xiào wén wáng Qin Xiaowenwangqín zhuāng xiāng wáng Qin Zhuangxiangwang
qín wáng Qin Wuwangqín huì wén wáng Qin Huiwenwangqín xiào gōng Qin Xiaogong
qín xiàn gōng Qin Xiangongqín chū gōng Qin Chugongqín huì gōng Qin Huigong
qín jiǎn gōng Qin Jiangongqín líng gōng Qin Linggongqín huái gōng Qin Huaigong
qín zào gōng Qin Zaogongqín gòng gōng Qin Ligonggongqín dào gōng Qin Daogong
qín huì gōng Qin Huigongqín gōng Qin Yigongqín 'āi gōng Qin Aigong
qín jǐng gōng Qin Jinggongqín huán gōng Qin Huangongqín gòng gōng Qin Gonggong
qín kāng gōng Qin Kanggongqín gōng Qin Mugongqín chéng gōng Qin Chenggong
qín xuān gōng Qin Xuangongqín gōng Qin Degongqín gōng Qin Wugong
qín chū Qin Chuziqín xiàn gōng Qin Xiangongqín jìng gōng Qin Jinggong
qín wén gōng Qin Wengongqín xiāng gōng Qin Xianggongqín zhuāng gōng Qin Zhuanggong
qín zhòng Qin Zhongqín gōng Qin Gongbaqín hóu Qin Hou
qín fēi Qin Feizi
qín xiào gōng Qin Xiaogong
qín guó  (qián381niánqián338nián)
xìng: yíng
míng: liáng
wǎngbǐhào: xiào gōng
língmù:
kāiduānzhōngjié
zàiwèiqián361niánqián338nián
秦孝公qián361niánqián338nián

   qín xiào gōng qián 381 héng qián 338), zhàn guó shí qín guó jié chū de jūn zhùyíng xìngzhào shìmíng liángqín xiàn gōng zhī qián 361 nián héng qián 338 nián zài wèi shēng zhuī qiú guó qiáng bīngrèn yòng shāng yàng shí shī biàn shǐ qín guó jiā kuài liǎo jué de jiǎo
  
   dāng shí zhī shì
  《 shǐ qín běn jìzǎigōng yuán qián 621 nián qín miù gōng sān shí jiǔ niánchūn qiū zhī de tiān qín miù gōng shìān zàng zài yōngmiù gōng de 'ér yòu shí rén de tài yīng ī chéng wáng wèizhè jiù shì kāng gōng
   hòu, 234 nián jiānqín guó jīng liǎo kāng gōnggòng gōnghuán gōngjǐng gōngāi gōnghuì gōngdào gōng gòng gōngzào gōnghuái gōnglíng gōngjiǎn gōnghuì gōng 13 jūn zhù hòugōng yuán qián 387 nián huì gōng suì de 'ér chū wèi
   chū 'èr nián gōng yuán qián 385 niánshù cháng gǎi cóng yíng jiē líng gōng de 'ér xiàn gōng huí guó wéi jūnshā liǎo chū de qīn men de shī chén shēn yuānchū 'èr niánshù cháng gǎi yíng líng gōng zhī xiàn gōng 'ér zhīshā chū shěn zhī yuān bàng)。
   qín guó zài zhè qián pín fán gēnghuàn jūn zhùjūn chén zhī jiān guān xié diàosuǒ jìn guó de liàng yòu qiáng láiduó liǎo qín guó de
  《 shǐ qín běn jìzǎixiàn gōng yuán nián gōng yuán qián 384 niánfèi zhǐ liǎo xùn zàng de zhì
   nián gōng yuán qián 381 nián zhēngyuè gēng yín xiào gōng chū shēng nián zhēngyuè gēng yínxiào gōng shēng)。
   shí nián gōng yuán qián 374 niánzhōu cháo tài shǐ yán ān〕, bài jiàn xiàn gōng shuōzhōu tài shǐ dàn jiàn xiàn gōng yuē):“ zhōu qín běn lái shì zài dehòu lái qín fēn liǎo chū fēn kāi bǎi nián hòu yòu zài zài shí nián hòujiāng huì yòu chēng tǒng tiān xià de rén chū xiàn zhōu qín guó 'ér biébié bǎi suì shí suì 'ér wáng chū。”
   èr shí nián gōng yuán qián 361 niánxiàn gōng shìér xiào gōng wèizhè shí xiào gōng jīng 'èr shí suì liǎoèr shí niánxiàn gōng xiào gōng nián 'èr shí suì )。
   xiào gōng yuán niánhuáng yáo shān dōng yòu liù qiáng guó qín xiào gōng huán gōngchǔ xuān wángwèi huì wángyàn wén gōnghán zhāo hóuzhào chéng hóu bìng xiào gōng yuán nián shān dōng qiáng guó liù huánchǔ xuānwèi huìyàn wénhán zhāozhào chéng hóu bìng)。 huái shuǐ zhī jiān yòu shí duō xiǎo guóhuái zhī jiānxiǎo guó shí )。
   chǔ guówèi guó qín guó jiē rǎngchǔwèi qín jiē jiè)。 wèi guó xiū zhù cháng chéngcóng zhèng xiàn zhù yán luò běi shàngběi biān yòu shàng jùn zhī wèi zhù cháng chéng zhèng bīn luò běiyòu shàng jùn)。
   chǔ guó de cóng hàn zhōng wǎng nán yòu jùnqián zhōngchǔ hàn zhōngnán yòu qián zhōng)。
   zhōu wáng shì shuāi wēizhū hóu yòng xiāng zhēng zhēng shā tūn bìngzhōu shì wēizhū hóu zhèngzhēng xiāng bìng)。
   qín guó chù piān de yōng zhōu cān jiā zhōng yuán guó zhū hóu de méng huìzhū hóu men xiàng duì dài yàng duì dài qín guóqín zài yōng zhōu zhōng guó zhū hóu zhī huì méng zhī)。
  
   shēng píng gài shù
   gōng yuán qián 361 niánjǐn yòu 21 suì de qín xiào gōng [1] zhèng shì dēng zhè shíqín bùwèi guó zhòng shìlián quán bèi jià kōng de zhōu tiān dōubù yuàn qín guó shì fèn rán hǎn chū:“ zhū hóu bēi qínchǒu yān”。 zài zhè nián qín xiào gōng bān liǎoqiú xián lìng”。 wèi guó rén shāng yàng zài zhè zhǒng bèi jǐng xià lái dào qín guóbìng hěn kuài shòu dào zhòng shìjīng guò shāng yàng de liǎng yòu de gǎi cuòshǐ qín guó zǒu shàng liǎo guó qiáng bīng zhī shāng yàng biàn shì xiān qín zuì chè de yīcháng biàn , xiāo shì de quánguī dìng 'àn jūn gōng jǐyǔ jué wèi tián zhái
  
   qín xiào gōng shí 'èr niángōng yuán qián 350 nián guó cóng yōngjīn shǎn fèng xiáng nánqiān dào yángjīn shǎn yáng dōng běi), jìn shí xíng biàn cóng qín guó qiángwéi hòu lái de tǒng liù guó kāipì dào huì wángyàn wén gōnghán zhāo hóuzhào chéng hóu bìng chēngchǔwèi qín jiē jièqiě wèi kāi shǐ xiū zhù cháng chéng zhèng xiàn yán běi shàngzhí shàng jùnzhōng yuán zhū hóu xiāng zhēng qín chù yōng zhōu piān zhī cānyù zhōng yuán huì méngxiào gōng yòng qín yuǎn zhōng yuán zhàn chǎng liàng shī 'ēn jiù guǎxiū zhì zhèngjiǎng jiū gōngxiào gōng wèi zhī chūwéi guó qiáng bīng xià lìng qiú xián gǎi biàn qín luò hòu guān dōng liù guó de miànbìng dōng xiàng jìn gōng
   gōng yuán qián 359 nián shān shī hánzhì huái ( jīn nán zhì nán ), zhù chéng yīn ( jīn zhì dōng nán )。 qián 356 niánxiào gōng wèi yàng wéi zuǒ shù cháng biàn xīnzhì dìng yán lìng zhì guójiǎng jūn gōng gēng zhì jiǔqín chéng wèi gōng zhào bài wèi shī yuán ( jīn shǎn chéng chéng dōng nán ), shǎo liáng ( jīn shǎn hán chéng nán )。
   gōng yuán qián 352 niánxiào gōng shēng wèi yàng wéi liáng zàochū shī wèi 'ān ( jīn shǎn xià xiàn běi )。 niánqín zhù guān sài shāng ( jīn shǎn dān fēng nán ), qín shī wéi wèi yánggōng zhào lìn ( jīn shān shí )。
   gōng yuán qián 350 niánwèi yàng kāi shǐ 'èr biàn qiān xián yángfèi jǐng tián zhìtǒng liàng héngshè xiàn zhìtóng niánxiào gōng zhào lìng wèi yàng yíng xián yángzhù juéxián yáng chéng míng wèi chéngzài xián yáng xiàn dōng 15 niánxiào gōng qiān xián yáng jiǔqín guó chū zài xiàn zhì yòu dìng 'é zhī zhì guī dìng xiàn lìng xiàn cháng de fèng àn 'àn kǒu zhēng shōu jūn jùn xiàn zhì wán bèi qín xiào gōng zhī chí wèi yàng biàn qián 346 niántài fàn xíng gōng qián shì yòngqín rén zhì”。 hòuzài qín guó què liǎo fēng jiàn zhì shǐ qín xùn chéng wéi zhèng zhì zhì xiān jìnjīng jūn qiáng shèng de qiáng guógōng yuán qián 341 niánqín jūn gōng wèi niánxiào gōng zài wèi yàng cèhuà xià gōng wèi shān zhī dōng xiàng zhì zhū hóuchéng wáng zhī tóng niánwèi yàng yòu zhí wèi jūn dàjiàng gōng qióng bài wèi jūn wèi wáng xiàn fēn qiú xiào gōng wèi yàng gōng fēng shāng ( jīn shǎn shāng xiàn dōng nán shāng luò zhèn ), chēng shāng jūn huò shāng yàng
   gōng yuán qián 338 niánxiào gōng qín xiào gōng chū duì gōng hòu qín guó de luò hòu xiàn zhuàng tòng xīn shǒu néng shùn yìng shí dài cháo liúzhī rén shàn yòng dǎn gǎi shǐ qín guó yuè chéng wéi zhàn guó xióng zhī shǒu
  
   qiú xián cái
   èr shí suì de qín xiào gōng wèi hòuyòu gāi zěn yàng
  《 shǐ qín běn jìzǎixiào gōng shì guǎng shī 'ēn jiù guǎzhāo zhàn shìmíng què liǎo lùn gōng xíng shǎng de lìngxiào gōng shì huìzhèn guǎzhāo zhàn shìmíng gōng shǎng), bìng xiàng quán guó mìng lìng shuōxià lìng guó zhōng yuē):
  “ cóng qián men miù gōng zài shānyōng zhī jiānshí xíng zhèngzhèn xīng zài dōng biān píng dìng liǎo jìn guó de nèi luànjiāng dào huáng biān shàngzài biān chēng róng tuò zhǎn jiāng qiān tiān zhù chēng hàozhū hóu guó dōulái zhù gěi hòu shì kāi chuàng liǎo shèng huī huáng miù gōng yōng zhī jiānxiū xíng dōng píng jìn luàn wéi jiè róng guǎng qiān tiān zhì zhū hóu wéi hòu shì kāi shèn guāng měi)。 dàn shì jiù zài qián duàn gōngzào gōngjiǎn gōngchū de shí hòujiē lián shì 'ān níngguó jiā nèi yòu yōu huànméi yòu kòngxiá guó wài de shìjiēguǒ jìn guó gōng duó liǎo men xiān wáng de zhū hóu yědōu kàn qín guóchǐ méi yòu zhè gèng de liǎohuì wǎng zhě zàojiǎn gōngchū zhī níngguó jiā nèi yōuwèi huáng wài shìsān jìn gōng duó xiān jūn zhū hóu bēi qínchǒu yān)。
  “ xiàn gōng wèiān dìng biān jìngqiān yángbìng qiě xiǎng yào dōng zhēngshōu miù gōng shí de yuán yòu jiāng chóngxiū miù gōng shí de zhèng lìngxiàn gōng wèizhèn biān jìng zhì yángqiě dōng miù gōng zhī xiū miù gōng zhī zhèng lìng)。
  “ miǎn huái xiān jūn de zhìxīn zhōng cháng cháng gǎn dào bēi tòngbīn qún chén zhōng yòu shuí néng xiàn chū gāo míng de shǐ qín guó qiáng shèng lái jiāng ràng zuò gāo guānfēn fēng gěi guǎ rén niàn xiān jūn zhī cháng tòng xīnbīn qún chén yòu néng chū qiáng qín zhě qiě zūn guān zhī fēn )。”
   shì biàn bīng dōng jìnwéi gōng shǎn chéng jìn shā liǎo róng de huán án〕 wáng shì nǎi chū bīng dōng wéi shǎn chéng zhǎn róng zhī huán wáng)。
   wèi yàng tīng shuō bān liǎo zhè mìng lìngjiù lái dào fāng de qín guótōng guò jǐng jiān qiú jiàn xiào gōngwèi yàng wén shì lìng xià qínyīn jǐng jiān qiú jiàn xiào gōng)。
  
   biàn qiáng
   zài zhàn guó xióng zhōngqín shì jiào luò hòu de guó jiā ,“ liù guó bēi qín , zhī méng”, dāng shí qín bèi chēng wéi rónggōng yuán qián 361 niánxīn guó jūn qín xiào gōng wèi gǎn dào qín guó wài shòu qiáng lín de nèi yòu guì de zhuān héngjué xīn fèn qiánggǎi biàn guó jiā de luò hòu miàn mào qín xiào gōng wèile xún qiú gǎi xián cáishàng rèn shǐjiù xià lìng:“ bīn qún chén yòu néng chū qiáng qín zhě qiě zūn guān zhī fēn 。” dāng shí zài wèi guó dào zhòng yòng de shāng yàngwén shì lìng xià”, qín guó qiú jiàn xiào gōng dào zhòng yòngyīn qín xiào gōng de fèn qiáng shì shāng yàng biàn de qián shuōméi yòu qín xiào gōng de qiáng biànjiù néng yòu hòu lái de shāng yàng biàn
   shāng yàng dào liǎo qín guó zhī hòuhěn kuài dào liǎo qín xiào gōng de jiē jiàndàn bìng liǎo jiě qín xiào gōng de zhēn shí jiàn xiào gōngshuō liǎo xiē dàozhī lèi shí zài de kōng huà zhì xiào gōngshí shí shuì tīng”。 èr jiàn xiào gōngshuō gèng duōdàn shìwáng dàozhī lèi de huàjūn zhōng xiào gōng zhī sān jiàn xiào gōngyīn yán dào”, xiào gōng zhōng gǎn dào ”。 jiàn xiào gōng,“ qiáng guó zhī shù shuō jūn”, xiào gōng zhī zhī qián ”,“ shù yàn”。 xiào gōng jiàn shāng yàngbiǎo xiàn liǎo qiú xián ruò de xīn tài biǎo xiàn liǎo de kuān róng nài xīntóng shí hái kàn chū qín xiào gōng shì jiǎng jiū shí de rén huān zhǒng kōng dòng de dào
   gǎi rán yào chù rán huì zāo dào fāng fāng miàn miàn de fǎn duì qín xiào gōng méi yòu cǎi qiáng zhì de bàn ér shì chén men zhào zài biàn lùn rén ràng zhù zhāng gǎi de shāng yàng shuō huà ràng fǎn duì gǎi de gān lóng zhì shuō huà yào shuō de dōng jiǎng chū láikàn kàn shuí gèng yòu dào zhí zhì shāng yàng biàn de shì shíshǐ fǎn duì pài kǒu yáncái chēng zhī wéishàn”, cái rèn mìng shāng yàng wéi zuǒ shù cháng,“ dìng biàn zhī lìng”。 zhè shuō míng qín xiào gōng shì mín zhù deshì shàn tīng tóng jiàn de shì shàn tǒng xiǎng de
   yòng shāng yàngxiào gōng duì xìn rèn shǐ zhōng zài biàn qián shāng yàng céng yào qiú qín xiào gōng dāyìng sān tiáo jiàn zhōng zhī jiù shì guó jūn duì biàn zhù zhèng chén shēn xìn shòu tiǎo líjiànfǒu quán chén 'ér lìng kuì qín xiào gōng xīn rán dāyìngbìng shuō:“ sān bǎi nián lái , biàn gōng chén jiē fēi mìng nǎi guó jūn zhī zuì jūn chén xiāng zhīzhōng shìjué jūn!” xiào gōng yán xíng zhìzài shāng yàng gǎi zhī chū,“ bǎi xìng zhī”; shāng yàng xiāng qín shí nián,“ zōng shì guì duō yuàn wáng zhě”, qín xiào gōng shǐ zhōng méi yòu dòng yáo duì shāng yàng de xìn rènshèn zhì xiào gōng zài bìng zhòng shícéng suàn jūn wèi ràng gěi shāng yàngzhèng shì yīn wéi zhè yàng de xìn rèncái shǐ shāng yàng néng fàng kāi shǒu jiǎo tuī xíng gǎi
   xiào gōng de guì zhī chù hái zài shí xíng dòng zhī chí shāng yàng de gǎi gǎi qiánxiào gōng jiù yǔn nuò shāng yàngzhēn quán guìxīn dàn tuī xíng guó wéi shì cóng huò gōng shì zōng qīnwéi shù mín tóng zuìxīn shí shī hòuzāo dào liǎo xiē jiù guì de qiáng liè fǎn duìzhè xiē jiù guì 'àn 'àn chuàn tōng tài de shī gōng qián gōng sūn jiǎtiǎo dòng tài fàn kāi quē kǒu huài zhěng biàn shì shāng yàng háo dòng yáoduì qín xiào gōng shuō:“ zhī xíng shàng fàn zhī。” jiāng tài qín xiào gōng wán quán tóng kǎo dào tài shì guó jūn de chéng zhě néng yòng xíngbiàn chǔfá liǎo tài de lǎo shī gōng qián gōng sūn jiǎ liǎo liǎn shàng liǎo cóng zài méi yòu rén gǎn gōng kāi fǎn duì xīn liǎo
   xīn tuī xíng liǎo shí niánqín guó bǎi xìng fēi cháng gāo xīng shàng méi yòu rén shí bié rén diū de dōng wéi yòushān lín méi liǎo dào zéijiā jiā chōng xíng zhī shí niánqín mín shuōdào shí shān dào zéijiā gěi rén )。 rén mín yǒng wèiguó jiā zhàng gǎn wéi zhēng dǒuxiāng cūnchéng zhèn shè huì zhì 'ān dìngmín yǒng gōng zhànqiè dǒuxiāng zhì)。 dāng chū shuō xīn fāng biàn de qín guó bǎi xìng yòu yòu lái shuō lìng fāng biàn deqín mín chū yán lìng biàn zhě yòu lái yán lìng biàn zhě), wèi yàng yuē:“ zhè shì rǎo luàn jiào huà de rén jiē luàn huà zhī mín )”, shì men quán qiān dào biān jiāng hòubǎi xìng zài méi rén gǎn lùn xīn liǎojìn qiān zhī biān chéng hòu mín gǎn lìng)。
  
   chēng tiān xià
  《 shǐ shāng jūn lièzhuànjìzǎi hòu mín gǎn lìng shì rèn mìng wèi yàng wéi liáng zàohuò chēng shàng zàoshāng yàng fēn jué wèi wéi 'èr shí zhōng de shí liù xià shì jué wèi míng chēng yòu shì guān zhí míng chēng shàng yòu jué zhí〕。 shuài lǐng zhe jūn duì wéi gōng wèi guó 'ān shǐ men tóu jiàng shì yàng wéi liáng zàojiàngbīng wéi wèi 'ān jiàng zhī)。
   guò liǎo sān niánqín guó zài xián yáng jiàn zhù gōng tíng chéng jué guó cóng yōng qiān dào xián yáng sān niánzuò wéi zhù jué gōng tíng xián yángqín yōng zhī)。 xià lìng jìn zhǐ bǎi xìng xiōng tóng shìér lìng mín xiōng tóng shì nèi zhě wéi jìn)。 líng xīng de xiāng zhèn cūn zhuāng bìng chéng xiànshè zhì liǎo xiàn lìngxiàn chéngzǒng gòng bìng huàfēn wéi sān shí xiànér xiǎoxiāng wéi xiànzhì lìngchéngfán sān shí xiàn)。 fèi chú jǐng tián chóngxīn huàfēn tián chéng de jiè xiàn kāi kěn huāng ér shǐ shuì píng héngwéi tián kāi qiān fēng jiāngér shuì píng)。 tǒng quán guó de liàng héng zhì píng dǒu tǒng quán héng zhàng chǐ)。
   shī xíng liǎo niángōng qián yòu fàn liǎo xīn bèi pàn chù xíngxíng zhī niángōng qián fàn yuē zhī)。
   guò liǎo niánqín guó qiángzhōu tiān ròu gěi qín xiào gōng guó zhū hóu dōulái zhù niánqín rén qiángtiān zhì zuò xiào gōngzhū hóu )。
  《 shǐ qín běn jìzǎigōng yuán qián 355 niánxiào gōng wèi huì wáng zài píng huì méng nián wèi huì wáng huì píng)。
   gōng yuán qián 354 niánqín guó wèi guó zài yuán jiāo zhàn shèng nián wèi zhàn yuán yòu gōng)。
   gōng yuán qián 352 niánwèi yàng rèn liáng zàoshuài bīng bāo wéi liǎo wèi guó 'ān shǐ 'ān guī liǎoshí niánwèi yàng wéi liáng zàojiàngbīng wéi wèi 'ān jiàng zhī)。
   gōng yuán qián 350 niánxiū zào xián yáng chéngzhù liǎo gōng lìng de mén juéqín guó jiù qiān dào xián yángshí 'èr niánzuò wéi xián yángzhù juéqín zhī)。 xiǎo xiāng xiǎo cūn bìng wéi xiànměi xiàn shè xiàn lìng rénquán guó gòng yòu shí xiànbìng zhū xiǎo xiāng wéi xiànxiàn lìng shí xiàn)。 kāipì tián fèi chú liǎo jǐng tián zhì xià de zòng héng jiāo cuò de tián gěngwéi tián kāi qiān )。 zhè shí qín guó dōng biān de jiè jīng yuè guò liǎo luò shuǐdōng luò)。
   gōng yuán qián 348 niánkāi shǐ zhì dìng xīn de shuì zhì shí niánchū wéi )。
   gōng yuán qián 343 niántiān zhù chēng hàoshí jiǔ niántiān zhì )。 gōng yuán qián 342 niánzhū hóu dōulái zhù èr shí niánzhū hóu )。 qín guó pài gōng shǎo guān shuài lǐng jūn duì zhū hóu zài féng huì méngcháo jiàn tiān qín shǐ gōng shǎo guān shuài shī huì zhū hóu féng cháo tiān )。
   gōng yuán qián 340 niánwèi yàng gōng wèi guó liǎo wèi gōng 'áng〔 áng〕( èr shí 'èr niánwèi yàng wèi wèi gōng 'áng)。 qín xiào gōng fēng wèi yàng wéi liè hóuhào wéi shāng jūnfēng yàng wéi liè hóuhào shāng jūn)。
   gōng yuán qián 338 niánqín guó wèi jūn zài 'àn mén zuò zhàn liǎo wèi guó jiāng jūn wèi cuòèr shí nián jìn zhàn yàn mén jiāng wèi cuò)。
  
   xiāng guān xìn
  《 hēi liè biànchū chǎng rén -- qín xiào gōng zhào liángchēng qín xiào gōng wéi yíng liáng tài xiān qín guì nán chēng shì chēng xìng qín xiào gōngyíng wéi xìngzhào wéi shì míng yìng wéi zhào liáng
   qín xiào gōng zhào liángshì wǎn kuáng lán de tiān cái lǐng xiùshì biàn qiáng de tuī dòng shì zhěng qín guó de shí jūn zhùgāi duì qín xiào gōng de zào hàn jiǎ guò qín lùnzhī píng jià wéi gēn :“ qín xiào gōng xiáo hán zhī yòu xíjuǎn tiān xiàbāo nèináng kuò hǎi zhī bìng tūn huāng zhī xīn。”
   qín xiào gōng jīng shén xìng de zhì shì chén xióng yǒng lüè
   hóu yǒng shì qín xiào gōng
   chén xióngxiōng huái zhì 'ér jiān rěn xiào gōng zhī zhì ( xióng ), duàn zài qiú biàn cún 'èr duàn zài biàn qiáng qín sān duàn zài xióng tiān xià jiù shì shuō zhì xiàng shì zhú míng què de néng kāi shǐ biàn guò zhāng yáng shìduò shénde zhǎowéi xióng zhì zài xīnxiào gōng zhī rěn nài ( chén ) hǎn jiànjiù cháng xìng biāo xìng 'ér yányuǎn chāo qián zhī yuè wáng gòu jiànxiào gōng rěn nài zhī biǎo xiàn jié gòu fēn wéi liǎng shí liǎng zhǒng biǎo xiàn shí zhì chóu wàngshū dǎo chóu làng cháo shí zhī rěn nài duō jiàn gōng kāi chōng xíng shì biǎo xiàn xiāng duì wài zàixiāng duì róng biǎo yǎn 'èr shí shū dǎo cháo biàn xuán biàn dài lái de rán dòng dàngtóng shí yǐn lǐng qín guó shǎn liè qiáng miè qín zhī zāinàn shí zhī rěn nài zhù yào biǎo xiàn wéi nèi xīn de zhǒng zhǒng chōng jiān 'áo
   yǒng lüè yǒng 'ér yòu zhù jiàn xiào gōng wéi zhàn shí lǐng xiùshǎo jūn jiǔ jīng shā chǎngyǒng lüè shì wēi wàng de gēn zhèng miàn biǎo xiàn xiǎn shì zhàn shí lǐng xiù de zhìxiào gōng zhī yǒng lüè zhōng yòu sān céng biǎo xiàn zhàn chǎng yǒng lüè ( gǎn gǎn yán ), 'èr jiù guó yǒng lüè ( míng chǐ gǎn biàn ), sān rén shēng yǒng lüè ( shēng mìng zuì hòu guān tóu de lěng jìng qīng xǐng )。 sān yǒng zhī biǎo xiàn céng céng jìnzhí rén de shēng mìng zhuàng tài de zuì gāo fēng ( shāng yàng tóng )。
   qín xiào gōng jīng shén xìng de 'èr zhì shì qīn hòu jié rén
   qín xiào gōng yòu de rén mèi zài chāo fán de zhèng zhì pǐn xìngèr zài duì rén guān de dòng chá qīn zhè fāng miàn zhōng duō yòu qíng jiézuì zhù de shìjiè wěièr jiù shì shuō néng jiāng qín xiào gōng de qīn hòu jié rén biǎo yǎn wéi lín zuò xiùér shì yào chōng fēn xiàn nèi xīn de zhēn chéngqīn 'ér wěi 'ér tónghòu 'ér zhòng 'ér zhuō jiān fēn
   qín xiào gōng jīng shén xìng de sān zhì shì quán móu hén
   xiào gōng quán móushì zhèng gōng wéi chǔ de zhèng dāng quán móusuǒ zhe móu hén zhōng biǎo xiàn wéi liǎng céng miàn qián duì gān lóng děng lǎo shì de yǐn 'ér 'èrhòu duì fǎn duì pài shǒu lǐng de duàn rán chǔzhì sānbìng shì qián duì zhǒng shàn hòu shì de zhěn 'ān páizhì hén bùwèishì qín xiào gōng quán móu de gēn zhuàng tài
   xiào gōng shì cāng hǎi hóng liú zhōng de fēng làng de běn yīng xióngxiào gōng shì rán shāo shēng mìng wǎn jiù jié nán de xùn guó liè shì
  
   rén píng jià
   qín xiào gōngyíng xìngzhào liángshì wǎn kuáng lán de tiān cái lǐng xiù
   shì biàn qiáng de tuī dòng shì zhěng qín guó de shí jūn zhùfèi chú liǎo zhù guì de shì quán jìn liǎo fēng jiàn jīng de zhǎnjiā qiáng liǎo xīn xīng zhù jiē de zhōng yāng quánshǐ qín guó jiàn qiáng shèngwéi tǒng diàn dìng liǎo chǔ
  《 guò qín lùnzhōng xiě dào qín xiào gōng xiáo hán zhī yōng yōng zhōu zhī jūn chén shǒu kuī zhōu shìyòu xíjuǎn tiān xiàbāo nèináng kuò hǎi zhī bìng tūn huāng zhī xīndāng shì shí shāng jūn zuǒ zhīnèi gēng zhìxiū shǒu zhàn zhī wài lián héng 'ér dǒu zhū hóu shì qín rén gǒng shǒu 'ér zhī wài”。
   qín xiào gōng chū duì gōng hòu qín guó de luò hòu xiàn zhuàng tòng xīn shǒu néng shùn yìng shí dài cháo liúzhī rén shàn yòng dǎn gǎi shǐ qín guó yuè chéng wéi zhàn guó xióng zhī shǒu


  "Historical Records • Qin Records" record: BC 621, that is, 30 hours Qin Miao Gong, and Evolution of one of the "West Tyrant" Qin Miao Gong died and is buried in the Masonic. Miao Gong's son 40, his Prince earthen jar with long neck〕 〔yīng the throne, which is public health.
  Frequent replacement of the state of Qin in the previous monarch, monarch and his subjects the relationship between the lack of coordination, so the strength of another strong up Jin, Qin claimed the land in Hexi.
  10 year that is 374 BC, the Zhou Dynasty Tai Shi dān〕 〔eaves, said audience with the public offering (Zhou Tai Shi Dan See offer public, saying): "Zhou and Qin could have been combined, and then Qin points out, five hundred years separate it together, together 17 years later, there will be unity of the world's people appears to dominate week together and do it with the state of Qin, another five hundred years old compound, together as seven out of the King. "
  Chu, Wei and Qin border (Chu, Wei and Qin access sector). Wei build the Great Wall, built from Cheng County, along the Los Hebei, the north land, according to a kamigori (Wei built the Great Wall, north of Luo from Zheng Bin, a kamigori).
  Qin remoteness of Yongzhou, not all countries participate in the Central Plains League princes, princes who treat the barbarians as the same treatment as the state of Qin (Qin secluded in Yongzhou, not with the Chinese princes of the Alliance, Yi Zhai event of).
  Xiao of Qin years (350 BC) the capital from Yung (now Shaanxi Fengxiang South) moved to Su Yang (now Northeast China Shaanxi Su Yang), to further the implementation of political reform. Since then, increasingly prosperous and powerful state of Qin, opening the way for the later Tongyiliuguo. King Hui, Yan Wengong, Hanzhao Hou, Zhao Hou saying. Chu, Wei and Qin connected community, and has begun to build the Great Wall of Wei, Cheng County, along the river from the north, reaching kamigori. Central Plains nobility mutual conquest, Qin Department Yongzhou remote place, not to participate in the Central Plains to the league. Qin Xiao Gong use the power savings from the Central Plains battlefield, he Bushiende, relief and Orphans, Shuji benevolent rule, pay attention to martial arts. Xiao Gong ascended the throne at the beginning, as ordered Enriching Seeking to change the Qin Kanto six countries behind the situation. And east to the attack,
  21-year-old Xiao of Qin's reign, how should we do?
  "Offer the public came to the throne, stability border, moved the capital oak Yang, and want the Eastern Campaign, the original territory when recovered Miugong, when the decree rebuilt Mougong (public offering came to the throne, Zhen Fu border, migration, Q. Yang governance, and to the east cutting, The old haunt complex Miugong, repair Miaogong the decree).
  Yang of Wei heard that issued this command, came to the western state of Qin, ask to see by Jing Jian Xiao Gong (Yang of Wei Wen is the order, west to Qin, Jing Jian asked to see the result of Xiao Gong).
  "Records • Biography of Lord Shang," it reads: Mogan meeting was made public. So named for the large Ryozo 〔Yang of Wei, or Congress, made, Shang Yang knighthood for the 20 minutes in the 16, the following is the name of knighthood is official name, there is no post〕 Jazz. Yap led the army to besiege Wei Guoan, so that they surrender (to the Martingale great good was made. To Bing Wei Wei Anyi, drop of).
  After a five-year, Qin Guofu strong, the flesh of the sacrifice given the Zhou Xiao of Qin, countries have to congratulate the princes (home five years, Qinren Fu Qiang, the Son of Heaven To confer on Xiaogong lords He graduated).
  352 BC, the Yang of Wei Ren Daliang made, shuaibing surrounded Wei Guoan eup, so Anyi hath a (decade Yang of Wei Liang made for large, will be Bing Wei Wei Anyi, drop of).
  343 BC, the emperor bestowed the title of overlord (19 years, the emperor caused by Bo). 342 BC, the princes came to congratulate (2 years, He completed the princes). Qin faction led by army officers and the son of a small feudal lords in Aisawa meetings, the audience with the emperor (son of a small official rate of Qin Society of Zhu Hou Fengze, overturned a).
  Related information
  Xiao of Qin spirit of the character traits that Chen Xiong Yong slightly first.
  Yong slightly, Dayong and assertive too. Xiao Gong for the wartime leader and less into the brigade battle-hardened, a little courage is the first foundation of its prestige, not the positive performance will not show the characteristics of their wartime leaders. Xiaogong the courage slightly, the performance of the play there are three: first, a little battle Yong (Gansi outspoken), the other slightly Salvation Yong (Shame dare to change), its three life Yong slightly (the last moment of calm life sober). 3 Yong of theatrical progressive layers, and direct human life state peak (with Shang Yang same).
  Xiao of Qin spirit of the character of the third character is the trickery no trace.
  Character Appraisal
  "On the Qin," writes "According to Xiao Xiao of Qin letter solid, pro-Yongzhou place, stick to glimpse of Zhou monarch and his subjects have swept the world, including move buildings or cover universal meaning, annexation history and a glorious heart. When is when, Lord Shang Sukeyuki, within the legislative degrees Service farming organizations, Revised Code of a war, even the value for the fight outside the princes. then hand over and take the Qin River outside. "
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