yuèdòuliú yì sī · tuō mǎ sī Lewis Thomaszài百家争鸣dezuòpǐn!!! | |||||
liú yì sī · tuō mǎ sī - rén shēng jīng lì
liú yì sī · tuō mǎ sī bó shì shì měi guó jié chū de yī xué jiā hé jiào yù jiā。 tā chū shēn yú měi guó niǔ yuē de yī gè yī shēng jiā tíng， jiù dú yú pǔ lín sī dùn dà xué hé hā fó yī xué yuàn， céng jīng zài xǔ duō zhù míng de dà xué yī yuàn xíng yī， zhù chí yán jiū hé lǐng dǎo jiào xué gōng zuò。
liú yì sī · tuō mǎ sī lì rèn míng ní sū dá dà xué 'ér kē yán jiū suǒ jiào shòu、 niǔ yuē dà xué héng héng bèi 'ěr wéi yóu yī liáo zhōng xīn bìng lǐ xué xì hé nèi kē xué xì zhù rèn、 yé lǔ yī xué yuàn bìng lǐ xué xì zhù rèn、 niǔ yuē shì sī lóng héng kǎi tè lín 'ái zhèng jì niàn zhōng xīn（ yán jiū yuàn） yuàn cháng， bìng róng rèn měi guó kē xué yuàn yuàn shì。
tā qīn shēn jīng lì liǎo běn shì jì yī xué de zhòng yào fā zhǎn shí qī， zuò chū guò xǔ duō chuàng zào xìng yè jì。 tā de yuè lì fēng fù， xué shí yuān bó， sī xiǎng shēn suì。 hé xǔ duō yōu xiù de kē xué jiā yī yàng， tuō mǎ sī de xīng qù guǎng fàn， guān xīn shè huì hé rén lèi de mìng yùn， bìng qiě 'àihào yīnyuè， cháng yú shī wén。
1970 nián dài chū， tā yìng měi guó zuì fù shèng míng de yī xué kān wù《 xīn yīng gé lán yī xué zá zhì》 (NewEnglandJournalofMedicine) zhù biān zhī yuē， wéi gāi kān zhuàn xiě zhuān lán wén zhāng， bǐ chù suǒ jí zòng qíng yǔ zhòu wàn wù， ōu gē shēng mìng、 dà zì rán hé rén lèi de kē xué shì yè； duì yī liáo jì shù hé bǎo jiàn tǐ zhì de lùn shù biān bì rù lǐ， fù yòu yuǎn jiàn。 zhè xiē yù yì shēn kè、 qíng lǐ jiāo róng、 wén bǐ qīng xīn de kē xué suí bǐ， hòu lái jí chéng《 xì bāo shēng mìng de lǐ zàn》 hé《 shuǐ mǔ yǔ wō niú》； zhōng wén yì běn jìn nián yóu hú nán kē jì chū bǎn shè nà rù “ dì yī tuī dòng cóng shū ” chū bǎn。
liú yì sī · tuō mǎ sī de míng zì zài měi guó jiā yù hù xiǎo， tā bìng fēi wén xué dà shī， ér shì héng wèi jié chū de kē pǔ zuò jiā。 zuò zhě shí jì shàng shì yǐ《 xì bāo shēng mìng de lǐ zàn》 hé《 shuǐ mǔ yǔ wō niú》 ér zhù míng de， zhè liǎng běn shū dōushì tā zài newenglandjournalofmedicine hé nature shàng xiě de suí bǐ。 tā de《 xì bāo shēng mìng de lǐ zàn》 yī shū shì yī gè yī xué jiā、 shēng wù xué jiā guān yú shēng mìng、 rén shēng、 shè huì nǎi zhì yǔ nán de sī kǎo， nèi róng bó dà 'ér shēn suì， yuè dú zhè yàng de zuò pǐn， jiāng shì yī cì zuì jù qǐ fā xìng de kuà shí kōng de zhī shí sī biàn zhī lǚ。
liú yì sī · tuō mǎ sī - míng yán
rú guǒ méi yòu rén xiàng wǒ men tí gōng shī bài de jiào xùn， wǒ men jiāng yī shì wú chéng。 wǒ men sī kǎo de guǐ dào shì zài zhèng què hé cuò wù zhī jiān 'èr zhě zé yī， ér qiě cuò wù de xuǎn zé hé zhèng què de xuǎn zé de pín shuài xiāng děng。
rú guǒ méi yòu rén xiàng wǒ men tí gōng shī bài de jiào xùn， wǒ men jiāng yī shì wú chéng。 wǒ men sī kǎo de guǐ dào shì zài zhèng què hé cuò wù zhī jiān 'èr zhě zé yī， ér qiě cuò wù de xuǎn zé hé zhèng què de xuǎn zé de pín shuài xiāng děng。
rú guǒ méi yòu rén xiàng wǒ men tí gōng shī bài de jiào xùn， wǒ men jiāng yī shì wú chéng。 wǒ men sī kǎo de guǐ dào shì zài zhèng què hé cuò wù zhī jiān 'èr zhě zé yī， ér qiě cuò wù de xuǎn zé hé zhèng què de xuǎn zé de pín shuài xiāng děng。
Thomas was born in Flushing, New York and attended Princeton University and Harvard Medical School. He became Dean of Yale Medical School and New York University School of Medicine, and President of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Institute.
He was invited to write regular essays in the New England Journal of Medicine, and won a National Book Award for the 1974 collection of those essays, The Lives of a Cell: Notes of a Biology Watcher. He also won a Christopher Award for this book. Two other collections of essays (from NEJM and other sources) are The Medusa and the Snail and Late Night Thoughts on Listening to Mahler's Ninth Symphony. His autobiography, The Youngest Science: Notes of a Medicine Watcher is a record of a century of medicine and the changes which occurred in it. He also published a book on etymology entitled Et Cetera, Et Cetera, poems, and numerous scientific papers.
Many of his essays discuss relationships among ideas or concepts using etymology as a starting point. Others concern the cultural implications of scientific discoveries and the growing awareness of ecology. In his essay on Mahler's Ninth Symphony, Thomas addresses the anxieties produced by the development of nuclear weapons. Thomas is often quoted, given his notably eclectic interests and superlative prose style.
The Lewis Thomas Prize is awarded annually by The Rockefeller University to a scientist for artistic achievement.
Parallels to Gaia Theory
In the book The Lives of a Cell, Thomas makes an observation very similar to James Lovelock's Gaia hypothesis:
I have been trying to think of the earth as a kind of organism, but it is no go. I cannot think of it this way. It is too big, too complex, with too many working parts lacking visible connections. The other night, driving through a hilly, wooded part of southern New England, I wondered about this. If not like an organism, what is it like, what is it most like? Then, satisfactorily for that moment, it came to me: it is most like a single cell.
On Probability and Possibility
In 1974, Thomas wrote in The Lives of a Cell that the function of humans is communication.
"We pass thoughts around, from mind to mind, so compulsively and with such speed that the brains of mankind often appear, functionally, to be undergoing fusion."
Thirty-some years later, with the developments in communication such as the Internet and all its derivatives (newsgroups, email, websites), the import of these words takes on a whole new meaning.
"Or perhaps we are only at the beginning of learning to use the system, with almost all our evolution as a species still ahead of us. Maybe the thoughts we generate today and flick around from mind to mind...are the primitive precursors of more complicated, polymerized structures that will come later, analogous to the prokaryotic cells that drifted through shallow pools in the early days of biological evolution. Later, when the time is right, there may be fusion and symbiosis among the bits, and then we will see eukaryotic thought, metazoans of thought, huge interliving coral shoals of thought.
The mechanism is there [n.b.: in the human brain], and there is no doubt that it is already capable of functioning...
We are simultaneously participants and bystanders, which is a puzzling role to play. As participants, we have no choice in the matter; this is what we do as a species."
Book
* The Lives of a Cell: Notes of a Biology Watcher, 1974, Viking Press: ISBN 0-670-43442-6, Penguin Books, 1995 reprint: ISBN 0-14-004743-3
* The Medusa and the Snail: More Notes of a Biology Watcher, 1979, Viking Press: ISBN 0-670-46568-2, Penguin Books, 1995 reprint: ISBN 0-14-024319-4
* Late Night Thoughts on Listening to Mahler's Ninth Symphony, 1983, Viking Press: ISBN 0-670-70390-7, Penguin Books, 1995 reprint: ISBN 0-14-024328-3
* The Youngest Science: Notes of a Medicine-Watcher, 1983, Viking: ISBN 0-670-79533-X, Penguin Books, 1995 reprint: ISBN 0-14-024327-5
* Et Cetera, Et Cetera: Notes of a Word-Watcher, 1990. Little Brown & Co ISBN 0-316-84099-8, Welcome Rain, 2000 ISBN 1-56649-166-5
* The Fragile Species, 1992, Scribner, ISBN 0-684-19420-1, Simon & Schuster, 1996 paperback: ISBN 0-684-84302-1