| 姓： | 钱 | ||
| 名： | 夏 | ||
| 字： | 德潜 | ||
| 网笔号： | 疑古 | ||
| 籍贯： | 浙江湖州市 | ||
阅读钱玄同 Qian Xuantong在百家争鸣的作品!!! | |||
生平早年赴日本留学，入早稻田大学。在日本拜见章太炎（炳麟）于《民报》社，章太炎介绍他加入同盟会，同时听章太炎讲文学音韵学。结识的许多章门弟子，后来都成了著名学者，包括黄侃、鲁迅、周作人。回国后，1913年到北京，任国立北京高等师范学校及附属中学国文、经学教员。后又长期在国立北京大学兼课。1917年加入中华民国国语研究会为会员，兼任教育部国语统一筹备会常驻干事，致力国语运动。
钱玄同从1913年到北京高等师范执教，连续在北京师范大学任专任教授二十余年。他讲授的课程，以音韵学为主，还有“说文研究”“经学史略”、“周至唐及清代思想概要”“先秦古书真伪略说”等。并长期任国文系主任。1917年，他向陈独秀主办的《新青年》杂志投稿，倡导文学革命，成为“五四”新文化运动的揭幕人之一。 1918年至1919年的《新青年》杂志，钱玄同是轮流编辑之一。在这期间，他曾动员鲁迅给《新青年》写文章。鲁迅的小说《狂人日记》就是钱玄同催促他写出的头一篇作品，并且头一次用鲁迅作笔名。如众所周知，《狂人日记》不但是篇白话文，而且是攻击吃人的礼教的第一炮。 钱玄同在教学和学术研究方面的贡献也是很显著的。他所著的《文字学音篇》是中国高等学校最早的音韵学教科书。数十年来，影响颇大，迄今仍为音韵学家所称引。
当代许多音韵学家如罗常培、魏建功、白涤洲、赵荫棠、王静如、丁声树等或是他的学生，或受过他的教益。名史家黄现璠曾是他的研究生。钱玄同对于“经学”创见甚多。他有两句名言：“考古务求其真，致用务求其适。”他发表在《古史辨》上讨论上古历史和儒家经书的文章，独见很多，影响很大。郭沫若对钱玄同在古史研究方面的一些观点非常赞赏，说：“这些见解与鄙见不期而同，但都是先我而发的。”他早年积极宣传汉语改用拼音文字，曾采用国际音标制定汉语拼音字母。后来他和赵元任、黎锦熙等数人共同制定“国语罗马字拼音法式”。1935年他抱病坚持起草了《第一批简体字表》，为共产党执政后推行“简化字”立下先例。
家庭
兄钱恂，曾任清朝出使荷兰大臣和意大利大臣，主持湖北自强学堂。
子女钱三强是著名物理学家。
BiographyBorn in Huzhou, Zhejiang, Qian was named Qian Xia at birth and was given the courtesy name Deqian (德潜). Qian trained in traditional Chinese philology. After receiving his university education in Japan, Qian held a number of teaching positions in mainland China. He was a student of Zhang Binglin; some of Zhang's works were copied and printed in Qian's remarkable seal script handwriting. As a philologist, Qian was the first to reconstruct the vowel system of Old Chinese in IPA.
A close friend of Lu Xun, Qian was a key figure in the May Fourth Movement. Despite his close relationship with the Chinese classics, he promoted the abolition of classical Chinese. He was also a strong supporter of Esperanto, at one time even proposed the substitution of Chinese by it. He and Liu Bannong did their best to promote vernacular Chinese, attacking such classical Chinese stylists as Lin Shu. His skepticism of the Chinese heritage was such that he at one time wanted to change his surname to Yi Gu (疑古 "suspecting things ancient"). He also did much important work with regards to the standardization of Simplified Chinese characters, Mandarin, and the design of pinyin.
His son Qian Sanqiang was a nuclear physicist who contributed to development of nuclear weapons in China.
ReferencesHe Jiuying 何九盈 (1995). Zhongguo xiandai yuyanxue shi (中囯现代语言学史 "A history of modern Chinese linguistics"). Guangzhou: Guangdong jiaoyu chubanshe.
Wu Rui 吳銳 (1996). Qian Xuantong pingzhuan (钱玄同评传 "A Biography of Qian Xuantong"). Nanchang: Baihuazhou wenyi chubanshe.
1.^ DeFrancis, John (1950), "chapter 4: One State, One People, One Language", Nationalism and Language Reform in China, Princeton University Press, http://www.pinyin.info/readings/texts/DeFr1950.html