閱讀奧列格·戈爾季耶夫斯基 Oleg Gordievsky在小说之家的作品!!! | |||
今年69歲的奧列格·戈爾季耶夫斯基，在英國情報界名氣很大，他的一生充滿了傳奇色彩。
臨危受命來到英國
奧列格·戈爾季耶夫斯基出生於莫斯科，曾在享有盛譽的莫斯科國際關係學院就讀。在1961年8月柏林墻修建前，他被派往東德。1963年他加入了剋格勃，被派到丹麥首都哥本哈根執行任務。
1974年，戈爾季耶夫斯基在哥本哈根被英國秘密情報局(軍情六處)成功策反，成為同時給前蘇聯和英國提供情報的雙面間諜。1974年至1985年間，戈爾季耶夫斯基嚮英國提供了大量情報，被認為是英國情報部門“最重要的資産”。
從1982年起，戈爾季耶夫斯基被剋格勃派到倫敦當間諜，公開身份是俄羅斯一名外交官。據戈爾季耶夫斯基透露，剋格勃在倫敦從事間諜活動的最活躍時間是在二戰結束後到1971年。其中，1945年前後，在倫敦的剋格勃特工達到150人。
但是到了1971年，隨着一名剋格勃特工奧列格·利亞林的被捕，當時的英國外交大臣亞歷剋·道格拉斯·霍姆驅逐了所有的剋格勃間諜。這次驅逐被看作是冷戰期間最引人註目的一次行動。
有報道說，利亞林是因為一次醉酒駕車被捕而泄露身份的。當警察將醉醺醺的利亞林塞進警車後座時，他把腳放在坐在前面的警察肩膀上。警察轉過身要求他將腳放下，他回答說：“你不能這樣跟我說話，你不能打我，因為我是剋格勃特工。”不過，這一說法的真實性沒有得到確認。
但無論如何，英國的這次驅逐行動，給剋格勃造成了沉重打擊。到戈爾季耶夫斯基1982年抵達倫敦時，當地的剋格勃人數已從1971年初的105人下降到23人。
午休時間偷出文件
剋格勃之所以派戈爾季耶夫斯基去倫敦，是因為考慮到他經驗豐富，而且他的父親也是一名剋格勃特工，可謂出身“特工傢族”。
然而剋格勃根本沒有想到，戈爾季耶夫斯基早在8年前就已經被英國情報機關策反了。
戈爾季耶夫斯基到達倫敦後，軍情六處任命一名34歲的特工約翰·斯卡利特作為他的接頭人，此人現在已升為英國軍情六處處長。不過當時他衹是軍情六處一名年輕特工。他們的接頭地點是在貝斯沃特一幢沒有什麽明顯特徵的公寓房間裏。在戈爾季耶夫斯基看來，斯卡利特“反應敏捷，非常聰明、具有主動性”。
戈爾季耶夫斯基經常會在午餐時間，將六七份文件放進口袋裏，離開俄羅斯駐英國大使館。他來到接頭地點，把文件交給斯卡利特拍照，然後再把文件放回原處。
就這樣，在兩年多的時間裏，戈爾季耶夫斯基與該英國情報人員共復製了幾百份文件，其中一些直接送到了美國。由於他嚮英國方面提供了大量關於剋格勃特工的情報，致使當時的25名前蘇聯特工被英國驅逐。
塑料袋救了他的命
應該說，戈爾季耶夫斯基的“演技”相當好，剋格勃高層在1985年前一直沒有對他産生懷疑。有段時間，剋格勃甚至還有意要提拔他擔任倫敦站的負責人。但是到了1985年5月，情況發生了變化。
一天，戈爾季耶夫斯基的上級曾警告他說：“一名叛國者就在屋子裏。”戈爾季耶夫斯基聽到這話吃驚極了，他不得不暗自掐自己的大腿保持鎮靜。
1985年5月，戈爾季耶夫斯基被剋格勃召回莫斯科。隨後，他被帶到鄉下接受審訊。他說，審問他的剋格勃特工給他吃了一種據說可以讓人說真話的藥，逼問他是否是雙面間諜，居然沒有得到答案，最後不得不將他釋放。當時，戈爾季耶夫斯基的處境非常不妙，剋格勃派人對他實施監控，他感覺自己離危險越來越近。情急之下，戈爾季耶夫斯基衹能把生存的希望寄托在求助英國軍情六處。於是，他想方設法在莫斯科聯繫軍情六處，並暗中做好了逃跑的準備。
同年6月的一天，戈爾季耶夫斯基來到莫斯科街頭一個特定的街燈柱旁，手裏拿着一個附近塞夫韋超市的購物袋作為接頭暗號。大概過了24分鐘，戈爾季耶夫斯基看見一名英國人拿着一個墨緑色的哈羅斯牌子的包、嘴裏咀嚼着巧剋力塊走過來。敏感的戈爾季耶夫斯基開始警覺起來。
果然，當這個人走到距戈爾季耶夫斯基有四五英尺時，開始盯着戈爾季耶夫斯基看，這時戈爾季耶夫斯基也盯着他，用眼神傳遞無聲的信息：“是我，我迫切需要幫助！”就這樣，英國軍情六處得知了他處境危險。戈爾季耶夫斯基當年在英國的接頭人斯卡利特為他製定了一個周密的逃跑計劃。
由於知道自己受到監視，戈爾季耶夫斯基一直苦練一種“幹洗”技術，也就是隱藏在樓房之間，看是否有人跟蹤他。就在他去買前往俄羅斯和芬蘭邊境的火車票那天，這一反跟蹤技術幫他發現了3名剋格勃特工，並成功地甩掉了他們。
第二天下午4點鐘，戈爾季耶夫斯基悄悄登上了開往俄羅斯和芬蘭邊境的火車，並與等候他的英國特工接上了頭。下了火車，英國特工將戈爾季耶夫斯基藏在英國大使館汽車的後備廂裏。為了不讓戈爾季耶夫斯基的身體散發熱量，被前蘇聯的溫度掃描器發現，英國特工們用保暖毯子把戈爾季耶夫斯基妥善地包裹起來，防止他的身體散熱。就這樣，戈爾季耶夫斯基被英國人順利地偷運到了西方“安全地帶”。
戈爾季耶夫斯基逃離前蘇聯時，他的妻子和兩個女兒正在阿塞拜疆度假，根本不知道他要叛逃。不過，衹有讓他們不知道任何事，剋格勃纔不會找他們麻煩。
6年後，也就是1991年的9月7日，他的妻子利拉帶着兩個女兒——11歲的瑪麗亞和10歲的安娜，纔從莫斯科來到倫敦。
扯出一堆公衆人物
戈爾季耶夫斯基叛逃到英國後，行事十分高調。他先後指控一些公衆人物給剋格勃提供了幫助，惹出了不少爭端。這些被指控的名人當中包括：美國前總統羅斯福的助手哈裏·霍普金斯、瑞典前首相奧洛夫·帕爾梅等。
後來，當英國《星期日泰晤士報》報道戈爾季耶夫斯基指控曾擔任工黨領袖的邁剋爾·富特是剋格勃特工時，麻煩就大了。邁剋爾·富特以誹謗罪將他告上法庭，結果獲得了10萬英鎊的賠償。
不過，戈爾季耶夫斯基也有“抓對人”的時候，最出名的一次就是指認出軍情五處一名特工邁剋爾·貝塔尼將情報泄露給了前蘇聯。據瞭解，由於特殊的身份，戈爾季耶夫斯基得到了一些世界級領導人的接見，包括美國前總統裏根、英國前首相撒切爾夫人等。
鏈接/LINK 十幾年來一直戴假發
十幾年來，戈爾季耶夫斯基一直戴着假發，留着鬍子
據英國媒體報道，由於擔心遭到俄羅斯情報部門暗殺，戈爾季耶夫斯基十幾年來一直戴假發，還留着鬍子。不過，他經常在英國媒體上對俄羅斯的政治進行評論，另外還出版書籍，披露他的剋格勃生涯。
去年11月，就在俄羅斯前特工利特維年科中毒身亡之後，他又發表意見說，利特維年科可能是被其俄羅斯好友下毒暗害的。
2005年2月，英國伯明翰大學授予戈爾季耶夫斯基榮譽醫學學位，以表彰他為“英國的安全所做出的傑出貢獻”。
2007年10月18日，他又被英國女王册封為“聖喬治騎士團”(1814年成立，名義上由英國女王領導，成員有1000多人)成員。回憶起受封的情景，這個老辣的間諜還是用了“緊張和嚇人”來形容。他說讓他感動的是，女王並沒有提及他當間諜的事，衹是說“非常感謝你為英國所做的一切”。
現在，69歲高齡的戈爾季耶夫斯基住在英國薩裏郡。對他來說，現在最大的快樂之一就是喂那些經常來他傢花園的狐狸，這或許是一名老牌間諜最希望過的晚年生活吧。(國際在綫-世界新聞報)
Early career
Oleg Gordievsky attended the Moscow State Institute of International Relations, and on completion of his studies, joined the foreign service where he was posted to East Berlin in August 1961, just prior to completion of the Berlin Wall. He joined the KGB in 1963, and was posted to the Soviet embassy in Copenhagen, Denmark.
Double agent
During his Danish posting, Gordievsky became disenchanted with his work in the KGB, particularly after the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 – and made his sentiment known to MI6, who subsequently made contact with him. The value of MI6's recruitment of such a highly-placed and valuable intelligence asset increased dramatically when, in 1982, Gordievsky was assigned to the Soviet embassy in London as the KGB Resident-designate ("rezident"), responsible for Soviet intelligence gathering and espionage in the UK.
Two of Gordievsky's most important contributions were averting a potential nuclear confrontation with Russia when NATO exercise Able Archer 83 was mis-interpreted by the Soviets as a potential first strike, and identifying Mikhail Gorbachev as the Soviet heir apparent long before he came to prominence. Indeed, the information passed by Gordievsky became the first proof of how paranoid the Soviet leadership had become about the possibility of a NATO nuclear first strike.
Defection
Gordievsky was suddenly ordered back to Moscow on 22 May 1985, taken to a KGB safehouse outside Moscow, drugged and interrogated by Soviet counterintelligence. Apparently the leak came from two sources, one of which might have been Aldrich Ames, an American CIA officer, who had been selling secrets to the KGB.
Gordievsky was questioned for about 5 hours. After that, he was released and told he would never work overseas again. Although he was suspected of espionage for a foreign power, for some reason his superiors decided to stall. In June 1985 he was joined by his wife and two children in Moscow.
Although he almost certainly remained under KGB surveillance, Gordievsky managed to send a covert signal to MI6 about his situation, and they reactivated an elaborate escape plan which had been in place for many years, ready for just such an emergency.
On 19 July 1985, Gordievsky went for his usual jog, but he instead managed to evade his KGB tails and boarded a train to the Finnish border, where he was met by British embassy cars and smuggled across the border into Finland, then flown to England via Norway. Soviet authorities subsequently sentenced Gordievsky to death in absentia for treason, a sentence never rescinded by post-Soviet Russian authorities. His wife and children – on holiday in Azerbaijan at the time of his escape – finally joined him in the UK six years later, after extensive lobbying by the British Government, and personally by the Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher during her meetings with Gorbachev.
Life in the UK
Gordievsky congratulated by Baroness Thatcher on investiture, 18 Oct 2007
Gordievsky has written a number of books on the subject of the KGB and is a frequently-quoted media pundit on the subject.
In 1990, he was consultant editor of the journal Intelligence and National Security, and he worked on television in the UK in the 1990s, including the game show Wanted. In 1995 the former British Labour Party leader Michael Foot received an out of court settlement (said to be "substantial") from The Sunday Times after the newspaper alleged, in articles derived from claims in the original manuscript of Gordievsky's book Next Stop Execution (1995), that Foot was a KGB "agent of influence" with the codename 'Boot'. In The Daily Telegraph in 2010 Charles Moore gave a "full account", which he claimed had been provided to him by Gordievsky shortly after Foot's death, of the extent of Foot's alleged KGB involvement. Moore also wrote that, although the claims are difficult to corroborate without MI6 and KGB files, Gordievsky's past record in revealing KGB contacts in Britain had been shown to be reliable.
On 26 February 2005, he was awarded an Honorary Degree of Doctor of Letters by the University of Buckingham in recognition of his outstanding service to the security and safety of the United Kingdom.
Gordievsky had a letter published in the Daily Telegraph on 3 August 2005, accusing the BBC of being "The Red Service". He said:
"Just listen with attention to the ideological nuances on Radio 4, BBC television, and the BBC World Service, and you will realise that communism is not a dying creed."
Gordievsky was featured in the PBS documentary Commanding Heights: The Battle for the World Economy.
Gordievsky was appointed Companion of the Most Distinguished Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) for "services to the security of the United Kingdom" in the 2007 Queen's Birthday Honours (in the Diplomatic List). The Guardian newspaper noted that it was "the same gong given his fictional cold war colleague James Bond."
Suspected poisoning
In April 2008, the media reported that on 2nd November 2007, Gordievsky had been taken by ambulance from his home in Surrey to a local hospital, where he spent 34 hours unconscious. Gordievsky claimed that he was poisoned with thallium by "rogue elements in Moscow". He accused MI6 of forcing Special Branch to drop its early investigations into his allegations; according to him, the investigation was only reopened thanks to the intervention of former MI5 chief Eliza Manningham-Buller.
In Gordievsky's opinion, the villain was a London-based Russian business associate who had supplied him with pills, which he said were the sedative Xanax, purportedly for insomnia; he refused to identify the associate, saying British authorities had advised against it.
Publication
Gordievsky, Oleg; Andrew, Christopher (1990). KGB: The Inside Story. Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-48561-2.
Gordievsky, Oleg; Andrew, Christopher (1990). The KGB. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-016605-3.
Gordievsky, Oleg; Andrew, Christopher (1991). Instructions from the Centre: Top Secret Files on KGB Foreign Operations, 1975-85. Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-56650-7.
Gordievsky, Oleg; Andrew, Christopher (1992). More Instructions from the Centre: Top Secret Files on KGB Foreign Operations, 1975-85. Frank Cass Publishers. ISBN 0-7146-3475-1.
Gordievsky, Oleg (1995). Next Stop Execution (autobiography). Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-62086-0.
Jakob Andersen med Oleg Gordievsky: "De Røde Spioner - KGB's operationer i Danmark fra Stalin til Jeltsin, fra Stauning til Nyrup", Høst & Søn, Copenhagen (2002).