阅读奥列格·戈尔季耶夫斯基 Oleg Gordievsky在小说之家的作品!!! | |||
今年69岁的奥列格·戈尔季耶夫斯基，在英国情报界名气很大，他的一生充满了传奇色彩。
临危受命来到英国
奥列格·戈尔季耶夫斯基出生于莫斯科，曾在享有盛誉的莫斯科国际关系学院就读。在1961年8月柏林墙修建前，他被派往东德。1963年他加入了克格勃，被派到丹麦首都哥本哈根执行任务。
1974年，戈尔季耶夫斯基在哥本哈根被英国秘密情报局(军情六处)成功策反，成为同时给前苏联和英国提供情报的双面间谍。1974年至1985年间，戈尔季耶夫斯基向英国提供了大量情报，被认为是英国情报部门“最重要的资产”。
从1982年起，戈尔季耶夫斯基被克格勃派到伦敦当间谍，公开身份是俄罗斯一名外交官。据戈尔季耶夫斯基透露，克格勃在伦敦从事间谍活动的最活跃时间是在二战结束后到1971年。其中，1945年前后，在伦敦的克格勃特工达到150人。
但是到了1971年，随着一名克格勃特工奥列格·利亚林的被捕，当时的英国外交大臣亚历克·道格拉斯·霍姆驱逐了所有的克格勃间谍。这次驱逐被看作是冷战期间最引人注目的一次行动。
有报道说，利亚林是因为一次醉酒驾车被捕而泄露身份的。当警察将醉醺醺的利亚林塞进警车后座时，他把脚放在坐在前面的警察肩膀上。警察转过身要求他将脚放下，他回答说：“你不能这样跟我说话，你不能打我，因为我是克格勃特工。”不过，这一说法的真实性没有得到确认。
但无论如何，英国的这次驱逐行动，给克格勃造成了沉重打击。到戈尔季耶夫斯基1982年抵达伦敦时，当地的克格勃人数已从1971年初的105人下降到23人。
午休时间偷出文件
克格勃之所以派戈尔季耶夫斯基去伦敦，是因为考虑到他经验丰富，而且他的父亲也是一名克格勃特工，可谓出身“特工家族”。
然而克格勃根本没有想到，戈尔季耶夫斯基早在8年前就已经被英国情报机关策反了。
戈尔季耶夫斯基到达伦敦后，军情六处任命一名34岁的特工约翰·斯卡利特作为他的接头人，此人现在已升为英国军情六处处长。不过当时他只是军情六处一名年轻特工。他们的接头地点是在贝斯沃特一幢没有什么明显特征的公寓房间里。在戈尔季耶夫斯基看来，斯卡利特“反应敏捷，非常聪明、具有主动性”。
戈尔季耶夫斯基经常会在午餐时间，将六七份文件放进口袋里，离开俄罗斯驻英国大使馆。他来到接头地点，把文件交给斯卡利特拍照，然后再把文件放回原处。
就这样，在两年多的时间里，戈尔季耶夫斯基与该英国情报人员共复制了几百份文件，其中一些直接送到了美国。由于他向英国方面提供了大量关于克格勃特工的情报，致使当时的25名前苏联特工被英国驱逐。
塑料袋救了他的命
应该说，戈尔季耶夫斯基的“演技”相当好，克格勃高层在1985年前一直没有对他产生怀疑。有段时间，克格勃甚至还有意要提拔他担任伦敦站的负责人。但是到了1985年5月，情况发生了变化。
一天，戈尔季耶夫斯基的上级曾警告他说：“一名叛国者就在屋子里。”戈尔季耶夫斯基听到这话吃惊极了，他不得不暗自掐自己的大腿保持镇静。
1985年5月，戈尔季耶夫斯基被克格勃召回莫斯科。随后，他被带到乡下接受审讯。他说，审问他的克格勃特工给他吃了一种据说可以让人说真话的药，逼问他是否是双面间谍，居然没有得到答案，最后不得不将他释放。当时，戈尔季耶夫斯基的处境非常不妙，克格勃派人对他实施监控，他感觉自己离危险越来越近。情急之下，戈尔季耶夫斯基只能把生存的希望寄托在求助英国军情六处。于是，他想方设法在莫斯科联系军情六处，并暗中做好了逃跑的准备。
同年6月的一天，戈尔季耶夫斯基来到莫斯科街头一个特定的街灯柱旁，手里拿着一个附近塞夫韦超市的购物袋作为接头暗号。大概过了24分钟，戈尔季耶夫斯基看见一名英国人拿着一个墨绿色的哈罗斯牌子的包、嘴里咀嚼着巧克力块走过来。敏感的戈尔季耶夫斯基开始警觉起来。
果然，当这个人走到距戈尔季耶夫斯基有四五英尺时，开始盯着戈尔季耶夫斯基看，这时戈尔季耶夫斯基也盯着他，用眼神传递无声的信息：“是我，我迫切需要帮助！”就这样，英国军情六处得知了他处境危险。戈尔季耶夫斯基当年在英国的接头人斯卡利特为他制定了一个周密的逃跑计划。
由于知道自己受到监视，戈尔季耶夫斯基一直苦练一种“干洗”技术，也就是隐藏在楼房之间，看是否有人跟踪他。就在他去买前往俄罗斯和芬兰边境的火车票那天，这一反跟踪技术帮他发现了3名克格勃特工，并成功地甩掉了他们。
第二天下午4点钟，戈尔季耶夫斯基悄悄登上了开往俄罗斯和芬兰边境的火车，并与等候他的英国特工接上了头。下了火车，英国特工将戈尔季耶夫斯基藏在英国大使馆汽车的后备厢里。为了不让戈尔季耶夫斯基的身体散发热量，被前苏联的温度扫描器发现，英国特工们用保暖毯子把戈尔季耶夫斯基妥善地包裹起来，防止他的身体散热。就这样，戈尔季耶夫斯基被英国人顺利地偷运到了西方“安全地带”。
戈尔季耶夫斯基逃离前苏联时，他的妻子和两个女儿正在阿塞拜疆度假，根本不知道他要叛逃。不过，只有让他们不知道任何事，克格勃才不会找他们麻烦。
6年后，也就是1991年的9月7日，他的妻子利拉带着两个女儿——11岁的玛丽亚和10岁的安娜，才从莫斯科来到伦敦。
扯出一堆公众人物
戈尔季耶夫斯基叛逃到英国后，行事十分高调。他先后指控一些公众人物给克格勃提供了帮助，惹出了不少争端。这些被指控的名人当中包括：美国前总统罗斯福的助手哈里·霍普金斯、瑞典前首相奥洛夫·帕尔梅等。
后来，当英国《星期日泰晤士报》报道戈尔季耶夫斯基指控曾担任工党领袖的迈克尔·富特是克格勃特工时，麻烦就大了。迈克尔·富特以诽谤罪将他告上法庭，结果获得了10万英镑的赔偿。
不过，戈尔季耶夫斯基也有“抓对人”的时候，最出名的一次就是指认出军情五处一名特工迈克尔·贝塔尼将情报泄露给了前苏联。据了解，由于特殊的身份，戈尔季耶夫斯基得到了一些世界级领导人的接见，包括美国前总统里根、英国前首相撒切尔夫人等。
链接/LINK 十几年来一直戴假发
十几年来，戈尔季耶夫斯基一直戴着假发，留着胡子
据英国媒体报道，由于担心遭到俄罗斯情报部门暗杀，戈尔季耶夫斯基十几年来一直戴假发，还留着胡子。不过，他经常在英国媒体上对俄罗斯的政治进行评论，另外还出版书籍，披露他的克格勃生涯。
去年11月，就在俄罗斯前特工利特维年科中毒身亡之后，他又发表意见说，利特维年科可能是被其俄罗斯好友下毒暗害的。
2005年2月，英国伯明翰大学授予戈尔季耶夫斯基荣誉医学学位，以表彰他为“英国的安全所做出的杰出贡献”。
2007年10月18日，他又被英国女王册封为“圣乔治骑士团”(1814年成立，名义上由英国女王领导，成员有1000多人)成员。回忆起受封的情景，这个老辣的间谍还是用了“紧张和吓人”来形容。他说让他感动的是，女王并没有提及他当间谍的事，只是说“非常感谢你为英国所做的一切”。
现在，69岁高龄的戈尔季耶夫斯基住在英国萨里郡。对他来说，现在最大的快乐之一就是喂那些经常来他家花园的狐狸，这或许是一名老牌间谍最希望过的晚年生活吧。(国际在线-世界新闻报)
Early career
Oleg Gordievsky attended the Moscow State Institute of International Relations, and on completion of his studies, joined the foreign service where he was posted to East Berlin in August 1961, just prior to completion of the Berlin Wall. He joined the KGB in 1963, and was posted to the Soviet embassy in Copenhagen, Denmark.
Double agent
During his Danish posting, Gordievsky became disenchanted with his work in the KGB, particularly after the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 – and made his sentiment known to MI6, who subsequently made contact with him. The value of MI6's recruitment of such a highly-placed and valuable intelligence asset increased dramatically when, in 1982, Gordievsky was assigned to the Soviet embassy in London as the KGB Resident-designate ("rezident"), responsible for Soviet intelligence gathering and espionage in the UK.
Two of Gordievsky's most important contributions were averting a potential nuclear confrontation with Russia when NATO exercise Able Archer 83 was mis-interpreted by the Soviets as a potential first strike, and identifying Mikhail Gorbachev as the Soviet heir apparent long before he came to prominence. Indeed, the information passed by Gordievsky became the first proof of how paranoid the Soviet leadership had become about the possibility of a NATO nuclear first strike.
Defection
Gordievsky was suddenly ordered back to Moscow on 22 May 1985, taken to a KGB safehouse outside Moscow, drugged and interrogated by Soviet counterintelligence. Apparently the leak came from two sources, one of which might have been Aldrich Ames, an American CIA officer, who had been selling secrets to the KGB.
Gordievsky was questioned for about 5 hours. After that, he was released and told he would never work overseas again. Although he was suspected of espionage for a foreign power, for some reason his superiors decided to stall. In June 1985 he was joined by his wife and two children in Moscow.
Although he almost certainly remained under KGB surveillance, Gordievsky managed to send a covert signal to MI6 about his situation, and they reactivated an elaborate escape plan which had been in place for many years, ready for just such an emergency.
On 19 July 1985, Gordievsky went for his usual jog, but he instead managed to evade his KGB tails and boarded a train to the Finnish border, where he was met by British embassy cars and smuggled across the border into Finland, then flown to England via Norway. Soviet authorities subsequently sentenced Gordievsky to death in absentia for treason, a sentence never rescinded by post-Soviet Russian authorities. His wife and children – on holiday in Azerbaijan at the time of his escape – finally joined him in the UK six years later, after extensive lobbying by the British Government, and personally by the Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher during her meetings with Gorbachev.
Life in the UK
Gordievsky congratulated by Baroness Thatcher on investiture, 18 Oct 2007
Gordievsky has written a number of books on the subject of the KGB and is a frequently-quoted media pundit on the subject.
In 1990, he was consultant editor of the journal Intelligence and National Security, and he worked on television in the UK in the 1990s, including the game show Wanted. In 1995 the former British Labour Party leader Michael Foot received an out of court settlement (said to be "substantial") from The Sunday Times after the newspaper alleged, in articles derived from claims in the original manuscript of Gordievsky's book Next Stop Execution (1995), that Foot was a KGB "agent of influence" with the codename 'Boot'. In The Daily Telegraph in 2010 Charles Moore gave a "full account", which he claimed had been provided to him by Gordievsky shortly after Foot's death, of the extent of Foot's alleged KGB involvement. Moore also wrote that, although the claims are difficult to corroborate without MI6 and KGB files, Gordievsky's past record in revealing KGB contacts in Britain had been shown to be reliable.
On 26 February 2005, he was awarded an Honorary Degree of Doctor of Letters by the University of Buckingham in recognition of his outstanding service to the security and safety of the United Kingdom.
Gordievsky had a letter published in the Daily Telegraph on 3 August 2005, accusing the BBC of being "The Red Service". He said:
"Just listen with attention to the ideological nuances on Radio 4, BBC television, and the BBC World Service, and you will realise that communism is not a dying creed."
Gordievsky was featured in the PBS documentary Commanding Heights: The Battle for the World Economy.
Gordievsky was appointed Companion of the Most Distinguished Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) for "services to the security of the United Kingdom" in the 2007 Queen's Birthday Honours (in the Diplomatic List). The Guardian newspaper noted that it was "the same gong given his fictional cold war colleague James Bond."
Suspected poisoning
In April 2008, the media reported that on 2nd November 2007, Gordievsky had been taken by ambulance from his home in Surrey to a local hospital, where he spent 34 hours unconscious. Gordievsky claimed that he was poisoned with thallium by "rogue elements in Moscow". He accused MI6 of forcing Special Branch to drop its early investigations into his allegations; according to him, the investigation was only reopened thanks to the intervention of former MI5 chief Eliza Manningham-Buller.
In Gordievsky's opinion, the villain was a London-based Russian business associate who had supplied him with pills, which he said were the sedative Xanax, purportedly for insomnia; he refused to identify the associate, saying British authorities had advised against it.
Publication
Gordievsky, Oleg; Andrew, Christopher (1990). KGB: The Inside Story. Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-48561-2.
Gordievsky, Oleg; Andrew, Christopher (1990). The KGB. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-016605-3.
Gordievsky, Oleg; Andrew, Christopher (1991). Instructions from the Centre: Top Secret Files on KGB Foreign Operations, 1975-85. Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-56650-7.
Gordievsky, Oleg; Andrew, Christopher (1992). More Instructions from the Centre: Top Secret Files on KGB Foreign Operations, 1975-85. Frank Cass Publishers. ISBN 0-7146-3475-1.
Gordievsky, Oleg (1995). Next Stop Execution (autobiography). Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-62086-0.
Jakob Andersen med Oleg Gordievsky: "De Røde Spioner - KGB's operationer i Danmark fra Stalin til Jeltsin, fra Stauning til Nyrup", Høst & Søn, Copenhagen (2002).