阅读哈里森·索尔兹伯里 Harrison Salisbury在小说之家的作品!!! |
从事反映中国红军长征的写作,是索尔兹伯里多年来的夙愿。他极其崇敬埃德加·斯诺,并深受其感染和影响。埃德加·斯诺在其《西行漫记》序言中曾写到:“总有一天会有人写出这一惊心动魄的远征的全部史诗。”索尔兹伯里今天以实际行动完成了这位先行者的未竟事业和意愿。为了写作此书,索尔兹伯里在十多年前就开始酝酿和准备。他收集和研究了大量有关长征的各种不同来源、不同观点的材料,并于―九八四年专程来到我国,在他的好友谢伟思和他的七十岁的妻子夏洛特的密切合作下,沿着当年红军长征的路线,进行了实地采访。他以红军般的勇敢和坚毅,不顾年迈(当时七十六岁)有病(心脏病),怀揣心脏起博器,带着打字机,爬雪山,过草地,穿激流,登险峰,中途战胜病痛折磨,坚持越过了千山万水,穿过七八个省份,历时七十四天,终于从江西到达了陕北,完成了他自己的二万五千里“长征”寻访。沿途他考察体验了自然界的复杂地理环境和多变的气象,向老红军、老船工、老牧民们了解历史和现状,了解民俗风情,遍觅革命遗迹,博采轶闻轶事。更为重要的是,他有机会亲自访问了参加过长征的我国现今的许多领导人和健在的老将军,会见了不少党史军史研究人员,多方探索和考证了长征中的一些问题,正如地自己所说的那样,他“对中国人提出了我能想到的所有难题,直到弄清事实为止”。<长征――前所未闻的故事>
评价:20世纪美国最杰出的记者之一(还一个是李普曼),不知疲倦的实干家,新闻界风斗了60多年。
1:出生在阿伯利斯市,晚年写《风行天下一报人》回忆录。
明尼苏达精神:愤世嫉俗;多思善问;不事大(不迷信),头脑清醒观察事论。
2:读明尼苏达大学,主编过校报,批判学校内的黑暗,学校以在图书管抽烟开出。
3:1930,当地报纸,实习记者《明尼阿波利斯新闻》;合众社
4:1930—1949在合众社
5:1949年到《纽约时报》直到1993年
合众社:他进入时是年轻的记者,合众社也是年轻的,两者伴随成长
(1) 拼命的精神,新闻贵在抢先,抢在美联社签发;
(2) 关于家乡经济衰退的特写,在准备报到时,受到阿伯利兹领导人的阻止,最后发表受到了鼓舞。
(3) 在合众社里的后十年,当驻外记者。
6:途经苏联:关于苏联的报道1943,负面报道
7:1949,被《纽约时报》高薪挖走,此时已成为名记者。被派往苏联,呆了6年(到1955年)
8:前一个星期,在屋里看报纸,发现苏共与中共关系不正常(《机关报》、《真理报》对中国解放胜利的报道极少)
9:一边发稿一边收集材料,1995年回国后,发表了一系列关于苏联的报道,获得了1995年普利策国际报道奖,苏联永远拒绝他入境。
10:回国后,一段时间比较闲,编辑卡特利奇建议其关注纽约卫生问题,马上投入到纽约卫生的报道中,花了120多田跑遍纽约所有垃圾场考察,采访所有与卫生有关的人,发了系列报道《纽约的垃圾》
11:60年代初关注美国种族歧视问题:
(1):去伯明翰•布尔,回美国后写了一组关于种族歧视的报道(报道发出后,多次遭到诉讼:诽谤罪);
(2):不久后,美国出台关于种族歧视的法律,使其免受麻烦
12:60年代中期,关于越南战争的报道(在此之前,美国对于越南战争的报道是片面的)1966年深入战争第一线,客观的从各方面了解报道,发现美国媒体和政府欺骗了美国人民,引起了美国极大的震动,迫使美国政府撤军;
13:一生写过很多文学作品,晚年任美国作家协会主席,曾任《纽约时报》副总编辑。
14:关于长征的采访:1984年成形,
(1):1944,在苏联遇见斯诺,并深受其感染和影响。开始了解长征,此后一直收集有关长征的资料;
(2):1972,作为美作协主席率领作家代表团访问中国,周恩来借鉴,提出对走长征路线采访的要求,被谢绝。
(3):1984,中国改革开放,3月,他与妻子访问中国。用一个月采访了住在北京,经过长征的人和家属,带病,用两个月走完长征路。
(4):1985,出版风靡全球的《长征:前所未有的故事》在此引发长征热。此后一直关注中国
15:1992年萌生在次来到中国想法,走邓小平南巡路线
16:1992年中风住院,1993年逝世
He spent nearly 20 years with United Press, much of it overseas, and was UP's foreign editor during the last two years of World War II. Additionally, he was The New York Times' Moscow bureau chief from 1949-1954. Salisbury constantly battled Soviet censorship and won the Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting in 1955. He twice (in 1957 and 1966) received the George Polk Award for Foreign Reporting.
In the 1960s, he covered the growing civil rights movement in the Southern United States. From there, he directed The Times' coverage of President John F. Kennedy's assassination in 1963. In 1970, he created The Times' Op-Ed page and was assistant managing editor from 1964–1972, associate editor from 1972-1973. He retired from The Times in 1973.
Salisbury was among the earliest mainstream journalists to oppose the Vietnam War after reporting from North Vietnam in 1966. He took much heat from the Johnson Administration and the political Right, but his previous standards of objectivity helped to sway journalistic opinion against the war. He is interviewed in the anti-Vietnam War documentary film In the Year of the Pig. He was the first American journalist to report on the Vietnam War from North Vietnam after having been invited there by the North Vietnamese government in late 1966. His report was the first that genuinely questioned the American air war.
Reported extensively from Communist China, where, in 1989, he witnessed the bloody student uprising at Tiananmen Square.
He wrote 29 books, including American in Russia (1955) and Behind the Lines—Hanoi (1967). His other books include The Shook-Up Generation (1958), Orbit of China (1967), War Between Russia and China (1969), The 900 Days: The Siege of Leningrad (1969), "The Gates of Hell" (1975), Black Night, White Snow: Russia's Revolutions 1905-1917 (1978), Without Fear or Favor: The New York Times and Its Times (1980), Journey For Our Times (autobiographical, 1983), China: 100 Years of Revolution, (1983), The Long March: The Untold Story (1985), Tiananmen Diary: Thirteen Days in June (1989), The New Emperors: China in the Era of Mao and Deng (1992) and his last, Heroes of My Time (1993). The 900 Days was in the process of being adapted into a feature film by famous Italian director Sergio Leone at the time of Leone's death in 1989.
Salisbury was an Eagle Scout and a recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award from the Boy Scouts of America.
Reference
^ Pace, Eric (1993-07-07). "Harrison E. Salisbury, 84, Author and Reporter, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-04-26.
^ Grant, Zalin. Over the Beach The Air War in Vietnam. Pocket Books. New York: 1986. Pages 106-112.
^ "Distinguished Eagle Scouts". Scouting.org. Retrieved 2010-11-04.