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Formerly known as Liu Shou Peng, renamed Liu Fu; words with Shannon, Calendula petals, semi-agricultural, Fanfare Temple. Jiangsu Jiangyin people, is China's "May 4th" New Culture Movement, one of the pioneers. Well-known writers, linguists and educators. At the same time, he is the founder of our theory of language and photography. His "Chinese word recorded sound experiment," won the "Constantine Linguistics special award." China's first to receive this international award for linguist.
Born in the family of intellectuals in 1911 who participated in 1911 Revolution, to Shanghai in 1912 after living contributors to the Butterfly press. 1917 to Peking University Foundation Professor of Law office, and participate in the "New Youth" magazine's editor, an active part in the literary revolution, against classical, to promote the vernacular. 1920 to the School of the University of London study experimental phonetics, Paris, France, in 1921 transferred to the University of summer learning. Literature in 1925 received a doctorate France, "written in Chinese characters recorded sound experiment", won the French Emperor Constantine, Vulcan Award within the linguistics experts. Home autumn 1925, he was appointed Professor of Chinese at Peking University to teach phonetics.
1926 published a collection of poems "Swagger set" and "earthenware collection." Died in Beijing in 1934. After the death of Lu Xun in "youth sector" published "Memories nong jun" article expressed condolences.
Life
Qing dynasty 17 years on April 20 (May 27, 1891) was born in Jiangsu Province, Chengjiang Town, Jiangyin County, West side streets. Father Liu Baoshan, who has had over scholar, who after the first primary school established in Jiangyin calligraphy Lin Primary School. 1905, 17-year-old primary school nong lam from calligraphy to Jiangyin candidates first - were the results obtain from the eight counties in the Liaison Office of Changzhou Fu school. Admitted over the same period there was renowned at home and abroad Wang recalls. Anna ANKANG, the average scores for each test subjects had more than 90 points, well superintendent (president) Tuyuan Bo's favorite. - Times, Liu Bannong to slaughter house to visit, occasionally met Father Tu Tu Jing-Shan. Tu Jing Shan is known far and historian, talks, Tu Jing Shan found that the young students in enriching their knowledge wealth and will be pleased to create, so exceptionally close to his disciples, the matter at the local - time for the elephants. To stick, out of jealousy, it was said that he better secure personal gain tricks, which makes him not too happy. He did not ignore the rumors of others, determined to prove his strength. Soon an opportunity came. - Times, prefect to the school visit, the temporary out of a thesis composition, to study - under the student achievement. Results nong Youyi won another first place in the courtesan, and received awards in person prefect. In this way, even people who originally convinced him jealous. Newly recruited Changzhou Fu in the first year of school, almost all of each test ANKANG ranked first, by the school "into the best and so on." Momentary fame. Qian later years recalled: "No March, Shou Peng three goals, the students struggle with a proud consciousness Liu Shou Peng."
In this way, Liu Bannong wit's reputation had spread overnight.
June 1910, has not graduated from high school, Chu Hui-nong on with his fiancee married. Combination with Chu Hui-nong, it is some legend.
Nong's mother - a devout Buddhist holidays, often to the home near a small nunneries in pray to Buddha, a long time, and so on trap plants Buddha's Zhu woman became a good talk about anything friends. Nong of 11 years old, his mother took him to nunneries where incense, women also happen to Chu with his two daughters to Anli play. This meeting both sides have surprises. 11-year-old nong looks correct, clever and flexible, Zhu woman looked happy and then initiation of the daughter betrothed to his wife's idea. Coincidentally nong the mother phase of the eldest daughter of Chu Hui Chu. Chu Hui-nong large than 3 years old, 14-year-old Chu Hui has a built - a slim beautiful girl. Nong's mother is like the female parent Zhu, Zhu put the meaning back home with her husband said, her husband accusing the wrong door Zhu and Liu families does not, then the older son of the woman refused a 3 years old. Zhu but look for this marriage, honestly, if too big boss, took her second child betrothed Liu. Saying to this point, Liu will be agreed this marriage. But the good time, and soon, Chu 2 sick her daughter died, Liu was a sigh for a while. Wong this marriage have been counted, but the boss betrothed Zhu also proposed to Liu, Liu Bannong father was touched by the sincerity of each other, and finally agreed to this marriage.
The custom of that era, both men and women rarely meet after engagement. Nong but no matter the rules. Back in nunneries, he has quietly in love with the daughter of Chu, but was shown Aizhuo bad old customs. Now engaged, they do not have scruples, and an opportunity to run quietly to Zhu. - Second, Chu Hui-table in the well to draw water, inadvertently revealing a pair of dress under the red cloth wrapped with lotus feet, looked like sweetheart limping, he was a heartache. Home, their feet firmly opposed to his fiancee, not stand his Polishing hard bound, then the two reach a compromise agreement, during the day She suggests to bound their feet, night quietly let go. Nong's thoughtful deeply moved by the girl's heart, the two feelings are deepened day by day.
Nong to Changzhou Fu school, after school, taking into account the many chores, parents Bian Jiang Chu Hui-do family received child bride, before graduation -, the mother suddenly committed to joyous family rushed to the two married. Marriage, Chu Hui-hard, due to excessive fatigue, abortion twice, and his father was dissatisfied with incense to Liu, the son of the father decided to concubinage. Impact at the moment to accept new ideas ANKANG resent his father's decision, in order to avoid confrontation, he quietly took his wife Shanghai. 1916, their first daughter was born, taking into account the concept of patriarchal home, his daughter Liu Xiaohui has been disguised as a man, before leaving the country until 1920, only to resume the daughter;.
Secondary school attended by the professor of Beijing University
Changzhou Fu school graduation in the year before, out of the school education system conservative discontent and disappointment, Liu Bannong made - a decision to shock the world, give up the hand of a promising future, decided to drop out from school.
Nong the drop-out caused a great uproar in the home, not only shocked the father, home talking about people. Nong decided to leave his home to the field development. 1912, Liu Bannong alone to Shanghai, by friends, in current affairs, Hong Kong Daily News and an editor Zhonghua seeking to work and leisure in the "Short Story Monthly", "current affairs, Daily News," "Chinese Novel" and "Saturday "weekly published translations and novels. In order to meet the tastes of readers, since he gave himself a few flashy name, such as semi-ning, Han Xing, Rui-slave, etc., but most used the pen name of that half-ning. As the Chinese production team, savvy high, coupled with hard work and talent, nong on the beach soon became a very active literary fiction rookie with the - batch readers. 5 years more than 40 articles published erotic fiction, including romance, Warning, detective, funny, social and so the leisure class leisure reading novels such as "Shihun medicine," "The Last Dance," and so, he name often appears in the "Short Story Monthly", "Grand Fiction," "Saturday" and other magazines, sought after by many readers. Inscribed on his later years recalled: "half-ning's novels I had only read a few articles, only to suddenly feel funny ladder, make believe Juedao."
After several years of struggle, Liu Bannong to fame in the beach, known as the "Jiangyin Wets", "literary ringleader," he has to rely on tens of dollars in royalties each month to maintain a family life. About his writing for magazines and more, even the newspaper and the famous novelist Yan Duhe have to solicit contributions to him, Liu Bannong finally use a pen for himself, thus breaking a new world.
The summer of 1917, Liu Bannong returned from Shanghai, Jiangyin, on the one hand at home idle, while thinking about their future path in life. Since there is no fixed income; had to live by selling household items, often too poor to do nothing to boil, the most difficult time with cat food have no money to buy his wife had to borrow constantly to her family. At a time when impoverished family, he received a letter Cai, Peking University president sent letters of appointment, an official appointed him as professor of Beijing University Preparatory Chinese. - Were not even high school graduates who suddenly received letters of appointment of the country's highest academic institution, not only hard to believe his wife, he himself could not believe. Only his younger brother Liu Tianhua believe that he has always admired her brother's talent, I believe that sooner or later to his brother's talent to succeed and make something big, and now finally have the chance. Start nong also some help loving mind, how do not believe that asking for the moon's good will fall on his head; think for a long time to think about recently in Shanghai and the "New Youth" edited by Chen a memorable meeting, now to everything is the result of that meeting. Is exactly the fact that meeting, Chen Huiyanshizhu not only see the nong. Body and your spirit, but also see that he is - can be made of it, Beijing is in need of such a person, so elected to the eclectic talents of Mr. Cai Yuanpei were strongly recommended. In this way, - a borrow some obscure village even graduated high school none of years - a big splash into the country's highest institution of Peking University. With a paper letter of appointment, Liu Bannong this even high school graduates who did not step into the North of this country's most prestigious institutions of higher learning. Qian Xuantong also teach there, ren, Hu et al. Initially he teaches poetry, fiction, grammar, and cultural code compilation Introduction to law. Although even the middle schools do not graduate, but his grounding in Chinese culture is not inferior to others, and then longer than writing, reading extensively in class to prepare it carefully, and soon gained a firm foothold has been recognized by the students. Everyone knows that Beijing will soon come to a middle school attended by the Chinese professor nong. "New Youth" magazine performed "double reed" a chance, obsessed nong popular novels in the "New Youth" magazine to see Hu's "Literary Revolution", greatly shocked, decided to break with the old literature; to invest in new literature. Since 1918, Liu Bannong began to "New Youth" magazine contributor, to express their literary and reform. Signed when the appropriate time and again, that his past with the kind of eclectic kitsch, the pen name "semi-You" is very shameful, decided to remove the radical, the words "farming" to show break with the past. In January 1918 in the "New Youth" magazine published "The Practical Professor" article was formally signed "farming", from "farming" became his official name.
Beijing University is the birthplace of the New Culture Movement, is also thinking of a new culture center, into the North, the nong become the vanguard of the New Culture Movement. Only in the "New Youth" magazine, writing articles. He felt not good enough, he hoped that with the Restoration the old school to a thorough summary of the mediocre from worry; to defeat them. Vigorously. In Shanghai, he has been to theater writer did, so he first thought of a two-man show. Think it is - a very good form. He told friends his idea Qian Xuan Tong. Qian Xuantong and he - like, is a major Bao Tongzi character; have scolded "Tung-chien giant" and "selecting famous" as "absurd Tongcheng" "selecting evildoer." As the two temperament similar to the teaching circles - because of the close to, talk about anything. Nong proposed a two-man show starring the two, - a play stubborn retro elements, feudal culture of the conservative, a revolutionary new culture powder speech. To press his case-as - to refute. In this two-man play positive and negative forms of horse views the two camps are bright out, attracted nationwide attention. The beginning, Qian Xuantong that although a good idea, but the way some do not inflow, do not want to participate. But nong insists that only the very time to take extraordinary measures in order to achieve the purpose. After he repeated mobilization, Qian Xuan Tong had agreed with him last - a two-man play from the play.
March 15, 1918, "New Youth" magazine Volume III No. on the fourth, suddenly published an article written for the "New Youth" magazine editorial board of the Open Letter "a letter to the editor." Signed by "Wang Jingxuan." Is believed to be classical, the whole letter more than 4000 words, no new punctuation to a defense of feudal and feudal culture's image of the columns "New Youth" and a new movement in all counts, his best abusive that it can. Just at the same - period, the published another article to our reporter the name of farming with diametrically opposed views to write the article "Fu Wang Jingxuan book," The Letter ocean thousand words and views on Wang Jingxuan refuted one by one. The two-man show clear-cut, has aroused strong repercussions in literary circles, not only really lead to a "Wang Jingxuan" as the moralist, such as Lin Qinnan and others launched an attack, but caused more young students and progressive people cheering. Lu Xun also take a positive attitude. This is an anti-two articles also appeared, the results "be out of the ugly old scholars do, the brilliant new style then won a landslide victory." Some of the original people are still hesitant to start a new culture a tendency, even Zhu Xiang and Avoided that they are only reading this two-man show into a new style, and shows that two-man play a big role.
Nong a two-man play directed by the history of modern literature has become a dramatic episode. Contribution to the new culture on the nong, Avoided said: "Although the lack of Chen, Hu Fang drive, but with two weeks and drive. In fact, he was the best of the new literary effort, more than the Lu brothers only, not less. "nong as the new young master of the new literature's contribution is significant. But this kind of evaluation, it would be Guoyu the.
Strenuously Ph.D.
The poet who wrote angry, it is strenuously for Liu Bannong PhD. In support of Cai, Liu Bannong admitted to a publicly funded study in the UK qualifications. February 7, 1920 to bring his wife and daughter Xiao Hui Chu Hui departed from Shanghai, take the Japanese freighter "Trade Mao pill" study in the UK.
High cost of living in London at that time, a family of three only by his life of a person's salary is very tight. Six months later, gave birth to twins, Liu Bannong due to name, the "London" split in two, Mr. boy Yuk Lun name, name of education of girls epigenetic London. Addition of two mouths at home, economic pressures greater, so poor that the cradle can not afford, had to bring from home wicker package is split into two sections, made of two simple cradle. Qiongzesibian, listening to friends that the French National Library collection of books, the cost of living is also cheaper than the UK, so in June 1921 the family moved France into Paris university.
Although the low cost of living in Paris than London, but - a salary alone to feed a family of five who is also very difficult. In a letter to a friend, nong wrote: "I have been the case, is really incredible! Daily trouble is famished! ... ... Overseas studies have also not issued due to a few months ... ... I have some money among themselves, they buy eat only bread, no more will be considered. "
Nong abroad that year, has three-year-old, with his wife and daughter, outside the public funds by a person live, the horrendous suffering. Very depressed post-war Europe, inflation, currency devaluation keep that point the hands of the poor at public expense to the students, money is not worth two long three-money. Yang Buwei In his autobiography, the account when we broke up, specially took a family portrait as a souvenir, we sat on the floor, all to reach out, to make begging like to record at the time poor. Nong-year-old daughter, then only a little more, is already on the street for bargain players, and this is a description of life, unfortunately not see the article in the nong.
Nong to London, shortly after the September 4, 1920 created one entitled "How I do not want her" Short Poems. This poem will soon be studying in London with Chao made into a song, sung in the country off from the subsequent pop now. Some people say, "How I do not want her" is a love song written for his girlfriend. But the more people that "she" character is represented here, this poem should be a nong home in a foreign country miss the voice of the motherland.
"How I do not want her," the "she", which is also the house of Liu's first half. Chinese characters within a "he" present no distinction between men and women, so translation of foreign literature, or create their own literary works, all sense of inconvenience. Initially, people with "Iraq" as a woman of character "he", such as Lu Xun's early novel "A q Story," "Blessing", are used "Iraq" instead of women the word "he." However, the "he" and "Iraq" is very different from the word, there are still a lot of trouble with them, Liu Bannong consider this, repeatedly refined, is the first "she" for women of the word "he", and later approved by society "she" pass the word around, and load the dictionary.
Later, many large domestic famous professor, was abroad in study, are bitter, bitterly painful. As Yinque, like Xu Beihong. On Chinese history, when the Red Army often say the grass is not easy to climb over snow-capped mountains, in fact, scholars in China, but also blame the poor. Fortunately, history is still willing to give good returns. Nong in Paris to study the "voice test", which is a new discipline, the number of high tech components with a little, at least at that stage. Chinese phonetics research, Liu Bannong have made outstanding contributions to most, and this contribution is very easy to obscurity, many people may know, nong invented the "it" and "She", two commonly used word, but the voice of groping and experimental, are generally not quite understand. In fact, in this regard, his research effective, or in France, he would voice by the Dean of the University of Paris nominated to become members of the Institute of Paris speech, his doctoral dissertation, "sound experiments recorded in Chinese characters," won the "Constantius Linguistics experts within the small Vulcan Award "by the" Institute of France's highest literary bulletin "announced.
Nong from the French studies abroad, warmly welcomed by Beijing. Cai's interest in the support of the establishment of the first voice of our laboratory. He developed an ambitious project, decided to complete the one-China "Tones of new spectrum", a "Chinese Dictionary" and a "Chinese dialect map."
After returning ANKANG patriotic performance concrete, embodied in his Northwest heritage protection in China. The nong contact for the Northwest heritage, should be started studying in Europe, probably also by the impact of Cai. From 1920 to 1921, Cai went to Europe and the United States during the study investigated the way, the countries of northwest China Tibetan cultural relics, is studying in London, accompanied ANKANG Cai survey of British explorers Stein received Dunhuang. Cai May 10, 1921 diary records: "The morning brought Liu Jun farming, Fu Junmeng true (that Fu) to view the British Museum, a visit to Ur-Jun, see show room made of stone from the ancient Dunhuang to write this." 1921 In the summer, Liu Bannong transferring to the University of Paris and the French Institute, March 17, 1925 the respondent, was adopted by the French national doctorate in literature, including the interviewer Mobley Pelliot and two were known as the Dunhuang scholars of our Master Han. Nong studying in Paris, also used his spare time copying the French National Library Pelliot and 104 received Dunhuang, China Dunhuang series into the history of an epoch-making book, "Dunhuang drop-Suo", returning after the 1925 published.
Early in 1925, Harvard University Langdon Warner Lvdui sending a second visit Dunhuang, the aim was a Western Wei Grottoes in Dunhuang Mogao Caves (caves this code 285) and all the peeling mural transfers. National Culture Institute, Peking University Shen and Shi, Professor Ma Shuping, etc. In order to monitor and secretly blocking the activities of Americans, sent thousands of miles to participate in expeditions Chen. Expedition westbound, the Shen and Shi-nong to be returned a letter, the letter mentioned the matter, but did not clear. Nong the eve of arrival in Shanghai, from ships to a friend ren letter written comments, said: "If our Chinese barbaric uncivilized, and in this point can not save the antiquities, but which is available when the well-deserved ! from Paris and disability before the letter was that the Americans have to dig to the Antiquities of Xinjiang, Beijing has also sent the same to Mr. Chen Wanli. really! This is the first time a Chinese academic in the thing. But how is China Xinjiang land, how can we free Americans Dig! if the land exchange for the U.S. What an antiquities found, we Chinese people can not go digging? "nong Although unclear Chen, Peking University School of inside information thousands of miles to participate in expeditions, but he In the letter, say foreigners have reflected his firm opposition to the attitude of archaeologists in northwest China. Fortunately, as Mr Miles and others in secret to prevent, Harvard University, the Dunhuang study in failure.
Supervision of Sven Hedin
According to April 26, 1927 Institute of Chinese Studies at Peking University, the door sign of "China Xueshutuanti Xie Hui Wei Zuzhi Western Provinces Shi Guo Sven Ph.D and Sweden set of cooperation set Procedures" specify, Western Provinces to monitor and Li Shihui directing all activities of the corps. Then nong was appointed executive director of the Northwest Council of Scientific Expedition, which the head, remote from the mission since 1927, the process, until he dies.
Control of Andhra thinking
From 1922 to 1925, the explorer Andhra thinking the American Museum of Natural History, led the delegation in the Mongolian Plateau in Central Asia carried out three large-scale paleontological excavations uncovered the world's first dinosaur eggs. April 12, 1928, Andhra thought it a secret mission in Central Asia led the fourth went to the Mongolian Plateau Mining. During their visit in China's Protection of Antiquities and the birth of two other organizations, namely, the Preservation of Antiquities Commission official and unofficial cultural maintenance would be. Preservation of Antiquities Committee in April 1928 in Nanjing, the country's highest archaeological management exercise administrative functions, such as 19 persons as members employed nong. Heritage maintenance will be in June 1928 the Manchurian warlord Chang Tso-lin Liu Bannong exit off outside the organization in Beijing as a temporary conservation organization, nong chairman. Heritage maintenance will begin in August 1928 to the American Museum of Natural History Central Asia, the delegation took the lead on their side of the press in Beijing to launch media offensive side of the letter requested the provincial government in the city of Chahar detained Andhra thinking of antiquities collecting goods Civic and cultural force to maintain security must be negotiated. September 1928, to Ma Shuping as chairman, Liu Bannong and W. H. Wong as members of the Beijing branch of the Antiquities Trustees established the city in the North Sea group, also joined the negotiations. In the United States, after six weeks of negotiations, on October 20, 1928 reached a "disposition of Andhra thinking eight years, Mr. 1920 specimens collected in Mongolia by the way", by Andrew thinking and Ma Shuping, Liu Bannong in Beijing Union signed into medical school, was forced to think half of Andhra collect items to stay in China.
January 1929, representatives of Andhra thought to Mission City and nong, Ma Shuping, Weng Wenhao three on the formation of the fifth American Museum of Natural History in Central Asia to conduct negotiations mission. Liu Bannong develop a "Republic of China Ministry of Education, Commission on the Preservation of Antiquities and the American Museum of Natural History in New York paleontological missions in Central Asia draft agreement", was refused by the U.S.. Andhra thinking back to the U.S., around the text of speeches, stirring up trouble and encouraging the Preservation of Antiquities in Western newspapers critical of China Committee, would like to use public opinion forced the Chinese authorities give. The summer of 1929, U.S. Secretary of State Stimson and CC Wu, the Chinese Embassy ministers in Washington for consultations on the matter, CC Wu, turn to the National Government Minister of Foreign Affairs Wang Zhengting, CT Wang, who could not stand diplomatic pressure, the Preservation of Antiquities, had called on the Commission to relax the restrictions, even also personally went to Beijing to persuade nong et al. Zhengting course requirements by the Commission to resist the Preservation of Antiquities, and finally the American Museum of Natural History concessions, Andhra thinking and Ma Shuping on March 23, 1930 in Mission City, signed a draft agreement, the Chinese mastered the control of the investigation .
Block Citroen and Stein
In order to obtain the consent of the Chinese government, sent Buan Hart in 1929 to Peking activities and formation of the East team. China Association of the academic community and Boan contact immediately after hearing the two sides negotiated, agreed in 1930 to Chinese control, "19 Academic Expedition" to inspect the banner, which signed the "China Association for the organization of 19 academic groups of academic test Group and the representative of France Boan set collaborative approach. " Citroen expedition across Asia, in fact only be postponed to 1931.
During this gap, the British explorer Stein at the end of April 1930 had sneaked into Nanjing, fraudulently obtained from a travel passport Zhengting hands, ready to bypass the conservation organization, from India into China for his fourth Northwest Central Asia study. Nong the Preservation of Antiquities and other members of the Committee, after hearing, on May 21, December 27 submission twice the national government, to block individual archaeological Stein, in the December 21 visit to the funding Stein Harvard University and the dissemination of the British Museum " About 奥莱尔斯坦 by Sir Chinese Turkistan (Xinjiang) in Archaeology of the Declaration ", which eventually led Stein in 1931 by the National Government deported.
Citroen expedition across Asia, the East team (China is still referred to as "academic Expedition 19") on May 17, 1931 from Zhangjiakou, June 1, there were Buan vicious beating Chinese player Hao Jingsheng event. Then Haojing Sheng and other Chinese players quit in anger, returning after Beijing, "Ta Kung Pao," the disclosure of Buan evil deeds. Including the Preservation of Antiquities, including ANKANG Committee was held in the Mission City several consecutive meetings, decided to request the National Government to cancel the visit, and severely punish Buan. During this period, Liu Bannong also on June 18, please call the rest of the Chinese delegation members to immediately withdraw from France. June 22, the French Embassy Legation Counsellor Hande Wei came forward to defend the behavior of Bo An angry nong day wrote "asked Law Counsellor Mr. Han Dewei" article, angrily Buan. In the nationwide protests, the National Government announced the cancellation of visit in late July, but the request of CT Wang, and soon also agreed that the West team from the Xinjiang entry. Nong, after hearing the news, very frustrating, on August 7 wrote an article entitled "Introduction yellow inspection mission," the article, the "national government then foreign minister under the king of the report, the original proposal to withdraw, and Hsu to the team as part of the West Through China "approach to protest. Eventually, the Citroen expedition across Asia have not achieved large-scale archaeological excavations in the Tarim Basin plan.
Death ANKANG
Sven Hedin was the first academic cooperation agreement with China Western adventurers and equal treatment in the process of cooperation Chinese scientists, and won a nong and the Chinese academic circles for his understanding, the relationship of mutual hostility gradually respect to each other. The nong's death, even a certain extent, due to his respect for Sven.
February 19, 1935 is Sven's 70 birthday, the Swedish Royal Geographic Society plans to publish a memorial collection, to nong Approximations. Nong out of respect for Sven, since from May 1934 began a handwritten birthday article. According to Liu Bannong May 16, 1934 Japan: "In the afternoon to the Institute, Baidi Zhou Yu, Gan Fu Jen was invited to membership students to ten men, intended to study the tone, as the paper prepared to meet the request of the Swedish Society of Human Geography , s birthday into Hedin 70 yearbook. "nong decided to write an article on later Peking, Suiyuan paper along the Tone for the Sven Hedin birthday. In order to write this article, nong on June 19, 1934 from Peking to carry Baidi Zhou and other aides, to Inner Mongolia, pitch and tone dialect field survey. However, in his tour, nong was insect bites, unfortunately infected with the fatal relapsing fever. He was July 10, 1934 returned to Beijing early ill after he was misdiagnosed charlatans, on July 14 only into the Peking Union Medical College Hospital in the afternoon they passed away, the age of 43, buried in the western suburbs of Beijing Fragrant Hill is known for Nangang. Nong after the death of Sven Hedin Liu had made a special trip to offer condolences, the Western Provinces of the stamps presented to the survivor, in his honor.
ANKANG died in more than two months ago, he figured to Dunhuang in the future archaeological work. His April 23, 1934 wrote in his diary: "Late, Ma Shuping Yan Zhang Jun to the Gansu provincial government members of the Dongxing Building, bidding to accompany. Zhang Yan, Dunhuang caves have been made by the first two, the third Cave buried there soil, the climate just sit the current situation, the provincial government proposed method development, enriching an academic co-operation in Peking. I made this fruit into, although I too busy, there will certainly take a moment to proceed. "unfortunately did not leave in days.
As a writer ANKANG professors, many newspapers have published his work in order to be able to be proud of. Once, I met an old friend into the house complaining he did not give him a long time to write a newspaper article. Nong half-jokingly half-seriously, I write those Xi curse, do you dare board? Into the house I said, if you dare to write I'm registered. Nong really wrote a satire of the Examination Yuan Dai Chuanxian article "Namo Amitabha Daichuan Xian", the article ironically Dai Chuanxian only recite doing nothing. "World News" on an issue before, and Dai Chuanxian enraged after seeing that he dare not take nong outlet, had surgery to take the newspaper, report the results of discontinued 3 days.
Nong before the death of the most "outrageous" act, is the interview courtesan Sai Jinhua. Dignified professor of Beijing University to interview - a bad reputation of prostitutes, such things only nong
Work it out. Some years ago, Liu Bannong learned from the newspaper's stories about Sai Jinhua, but different opinions, Mongolia has been in the fog of her people do not distinguish between true and false, some people said that a "national hero", was that she is a prostitutes sell their bodies and souls. Nong think she is a legend worthy of study, while she was alive, the investigation should be clearly reveal the truth. So they take their best students in Hong Kui business in the former Imperial Benevolence assessment of "Western Wei Jiang Apartments" in person interview. Twilight of the famous nong Sai Jinhua did not think she would come to interview such people, very excited and decided to interview the public about his own life story. Through several interviews, combined with the study of history, Liu Bannong basically flick the kept in the fog of her history. Nong interview courtesan Sai Jinhua's event once again caused a sensation, Sai Jinhua moment became hot topic in society. Returning the favor, Liu Bannong after the death of Sai Jinhua dressed in black visited a memorial, a short time has the strange tale. Nong's death, "Sai Jinhua ability" students only by his editing and publishing business Hung Kuei. This is a nong interview after his later years wrote a biography of Sai Jinhua most historical value. Through literature, the authors Pink fade efforts to restore the true face of Sai Jinhua.
Simple chronology
1917 to Peking University Foundation Professor of Law office, and participate in the "New Youth" magazine's editor, active labor body of literature revolution against the text from the text, to promote the vernacular.
1920 to the School of the University of London study experimental phonetics, Paris, France, in 1921 transferred to the University of summer learning.
Literature in 1925 received a doctorate France, "written in Chinese characters recorded sound experiment", won the French Emperor Constantine, Vulcan Award within the linguistics experts.
Home autumn 1925, he was appointed Professor of Chinese at Peking University to teach phonetics.
1926 published a collection of poems "Swagger set" and "earthenware collection."
Died in Beijing in 1934. After the death of Lu Xun in "youth sector" published "Memories nong jun" article expressed condolences.
Liu brothers
Lau Brothers is nong, Liu Tianhua, Liu kitashigeyasu three brothers. "Liu Brothers Residence" is located in Jiangyin Chengjiang Town West side streets, 49, has been changed to Liu Brothers Memorial, the second into the six three yards, is a southern homes with architectural characteristics of late Qing Dynasty, about 150 years ago. Memorial Hall is divided into six exhibition rooms, they show the life of three brothers living Liu situation and a large number of manuscripts, in-kind. October 1985 Jiangyin City, Jiangyin city-level cultural relics protection units for the release.
Nong (1891-1934), were complex, originally called Shou Peng, China's "May 4th" New Culture Movement, one of the pioneers. Well-known writers, linguists and educators. At the same time, he is the founder of our theory of language and photography. His "Chinese word recorded sound experiment," won the "Constantine Linguistics special award." China's first to receive this international award for linguist.
Liu North Mao (1903-1981) formerly Hisaji, farming Third Brother, is famous modern erhu performer, composer, educator, is the cause of the faithful successor Liu Tianhua and developers. He composed the "Han River Tide," "Little Flower Drum", "Liufang song" and more than 100 erhu solo practice and a lot of music, is a prolific history of modern music composer, known as "folk music master. "
From "54" period to 80 years over 60 years span, Lau three brothers one after another, constantly strive to scientific and realistic spirit, worked hard to promote and develop the mother culture, it reflects the Chinese intellectuals and the artist's noble character. Their performance has earned immortal respect and affection, known as Jiangyin Liu, "three heroes."
The Whole Story of Lu Xun and Liu Bannong misunderstanding
Lu Xun and Liu Bannong are the New Culture Movement of the Lord and go-getters, forged a profound friendship. However, some misunderstanding affected their feelings, prevented further contacts. Understand how the misunderstanding happened step by step, can reflect the thinking of these two cultural figures and a side of life.
"I am the most lazy communication, we have drifted apart from the"
February 10, 1918, the lunar calendar New Year's Eve, the first time to visit Lu Xun Liu Bannong apartments - S (Shaoxing) Hall called Chow brothers. That day, "Lu Xun Diary" in the first time a nong name. A month later, Liu Bannong published "Dimba New Year's Eve," poetry, referred to in the north spent the first scenes of New Year's Eve:
New Year's Eve is a common thing, composing poems and why? It is inappropriate Eve, as a normal day off. That day I Shaoxing County Museum, the Museum where many large trees. Wind moving the tree, sound waves, such as sea health. Listening sound of the wind, the night kill. Master Zhou Brothers, and I chat: For Dr. Miao Caesar, want to create "Po whip." That done this year, this and other things, to be in the coming year. Really late, leave of town. Streets traveling troubles, far and near, many firecrackers. Who is the most leisure time? I have only one earth, heaven 35 Hanxing.
New Year's Eve before, nong and Chen, Li Dazhao similar to write the same poem, the "New Youth" published. New Year's Eve because they have to, therefore, the Zhou Brothers, said, "This year has done, this and other things, to be next year."
Since then, Liu Bannong closer contact with Lu Xun. He and Qian together for the "new youth" frequently Approximations to Lu Xun, press Lu Xun wrote "Diary of a Madman" and so on; nong wrote "Break <spirituality Cong Zhi>", against "navel" absurd that Lu Xun wrote " My Views on Chastity ", with echoes; the summer of 1918, Liu Bannong back Jiangyin month, returned to Lu Xun wrote two letters; Patriotic Movement in 1919, 54 outbreaks of the day, nong visit Lu Xun, Lu Xun wrote in his diary:" nong to, pay and book two, is sent by good pill. "nong before leaving China to study in Europe, edited with Lu Xun to discuss" new world literature series. "
Nong to Britain after living in dire straits, not attend to domestic friends one by one letter, only a few months later a postcard sent to Lu Xun. In response, Lu Xun was a feeling that he was in the "Yi nong jun" in talking about the causes of their conflict with nong said: "I am the most lazy communication, we are alienated from this up." The "alienation" is They misunderstand the beginning.
"Semi-agriculture quite upset"
The fall of 1925, nong after returning very little contact with Lu Xun, but still be friends.
December 23 that year, Liu Bannong for "Reading" Flowers in Shanghai> ", referring to the evaluation of the book Lu: Lu Xun," A Brief History of Chinese Fiction ", also this book as an important work, This is a severe criticism of Mr. Lu Xun, has turned out to be an admirer of the. Early 1926, Liu Bannong write "A Mr. Chen Tongbo compatible Feng Jun and its predecessors SSS", criticized Chen Yuan (West-ying); February 1, Lu Xun wrote "not trust", and Liu Bannong echo.
The spring of 1926, Liu Bannong to reprint "He Dian", please write sequence of Lu Xun. Lu Xun in short order, said:
I saw the sample, that collation slightly roundabout, stuffy space. Farming the elite seems too much gas. As for the book? That is: on Guiwu just as human, with the new Code as classical. Sam Ka Tsuen up to people wearing a shirt without a shirt big hand over to the Shing sage and teacher, and even The translation bar head, scared "Confucius shop" owner syncope in the past; but to stand up straight after, what are friends or gown. But this a somersault, then, dare to turn the people's liberation, can always be great the ... ... against the old friends face difficult circumstances, should the hands. Can not help entertaining, well-rounded, only for short, Shu Er no larger than cloud.
Sequence finished, the Lu Xun night and wrote a "semi-agriculture inscription <Ho Code> After", which said:
The meaning of this passage is quite critical, such as that "collation slightly roundabout, spaces, stuffy," and so on, affected the two feelings. After the publication of the book in June, the text written by Lu Xun income, nong had presented the "What Code" to Lu Xun, but no problem to sign. Lu Xun know nong upset. Nong after the death of Lu Xun wrote, "Jun Yi nong," said the criticism to "semi-agriculture quite upset."
Lu Xun not satisfied with the school ANKANG point, also seen in his school for Kawashima point "Fairy Cave" to say: "As for the boredom of the printed book collating the head such as" What Code, "who is too 'Xiaojia Zi' phase, 10 000 non-scholars. "
This is the second mistake the two, ill feelings deepened, but not decorum hand, remained a friend relationship.
"Earthenware collection" was published, sent a gift nong Lu Xun. He let go, in the title page with ink inscription: "Yu was giving my brother is." Lu Xun received after the diary note of the day.
In mid-June 1926, into the house as I please nong "World News? Supplement" editor. June 17 afternoon, fellow Xiao-feng Liu Bannong Jiangyin visit, met Lu Xun. Late the next day, Liu Bannong special visit to Lu, asked him to be editor of the supplement for their own writing, by Lu Xun's consent. June 24, Lu Xun wrote a reply to nong, written consent from the next day "immediate diary." Lu Xun's "Diary immediately," published in a row on July 5, 8, 10, 12, "World News? Supplement" on. Lu Xun was "immediately Diary", the two have maintained close contacts. July 27 nong the newly printed "La Traviata" and "Swagger gather" Complimentary Copy of Lu Xun, with ink title "Brother to teach is complex fast" Five.
Lu nomination of candidates for the Nobel Prize in Literature
January 10, 1927, in Guangzhou Weiming Lu Xun's Way to Prime Park (Shu-Park) wrote that: "" grave "would like to have out, should be sent to the Department, out of a single attached." This sent the book list, that Chang Feng-ju, Xu Yaochen (ancestors are), Liu Bannong three. This is a nong to send books to his return. Nong leave "World News? Supplement" post, and to the south of Lu Xun's exchanges has alienated. Lu Xun Liu Bannong editor for "Yu Si" some of that resentment in the July 17 letter to Zhang Ting Qian said:
Farming are not allowed, "Yu Si" issue, really terrible, do not know how he get such power from. I saw him a few days ago abridged text of the case Hdgo language (Teng "wilderness" 11), I felt that he was "pushed over Dick" was terrifying, even more a surprise. "Yusi" If stopped, it is a pity, but what can we do? North New-house has rotten fish, such as what Xu Chen (forgot the name) of the invasion, such as the dispute over Taiwan, a small peak in spring, are Tantai the levy.
Nong do not know Lu Xun's criticism, the Swedish scholar Sven deliberations, to be nominated for the Nobel Literature Prize Lu Xun, Lu Xun, please Tai Jingnong send a letter. September 25, TAI Jingnong Lu Xun to write, be declined: "a letter received on September 17. Ask you to forward to the farming I am grateful for his kindness, for me, for China. But I'm sorry I do not want that. "" Yu Si "in Beijing, after being against Chang Tso-lin, LI Xiao-feng Lu Xun in Shanghai, please edit the" Yu Si. "
February 27, 1928, Liu Bannong in "the Magazine," published in Volume 4 9 "mixed view of 16", "Lin notes document the English king." Nong the note said Lin was Englishman captured, "Mingzhengdianxing, corpses through the streets in India lift." This is his mistake. In fact, after Lin was relieved of duty, made with Yili exile, died in 1850.
April 2, Lu Xun, "Yusi" Volume 4 14 on the published letters from readers Luo Qing, pointed out the error. A year later, Lu Xun on December 22, 1929 Contributions to write articles on nong no reason: "I am afraid that the blame in my ... ... a selection of a very mild correction of Mr. Liu Bannong the 'Lin captured 'the wrong letter, he will not have a scrap of writing. "
This is the third of Lu Xun and Liu Bannong trouble misunderstanding.
"Semi-honest farmers, is also impressed me"
Also once on the "Yu Si" are not happy. After this misunderstanding, the two relations into a low, can be seen from the following things:
The first evening of 4 August 1928, Xiao-feng and his wife in Shanghai million Guoyunlou dinner, guests are Lu Xun, Xu Guangping, Zhou Jian people, nong, by Shen, Yu, Zhang Yousong, Lin and his wife. Lu Xun and Liu Bannong unexpected encounter, has been on speaking terms. A week later, Lu Xun wrote a letter to Zhang Ting Qian said:
Shen Liu two companies have been seen sitting in a small peak dinner, do not talk about anything. I always think I might sick, nervous; So who look at an issue, although the other side is all open, and I often thought there must be something hidden in the towel or sleeve. But often, unfortunately, in this not very sad.
"Shen Liu of two public" means by Shen, Liu Bannong. Nong death, Lu Xun, "Yi nong jun" article, also referred to the meeting: "56 years ago, had a banquet in Shanghai, seen one side, then, we had almost not on speaking terms. "
Second, September 19, 1928, Zhang Ting Qian Xun to write about nong:
Various dignitaries school was already reported yesterday, a hundred years long article, farming long yu Fu Hoolock first long Teachers, and regard this in my generation, who are so casually are good too. Genpaku To "pull", "upon the people", which sounds different to be panicked Whereas if the "no", not "pull" carry on. Jie Hu, no people will starve to death, there will pull dead people, people of the non-eloquent, How have Vendetta old grudge ... ... "farming long yu" means any of the legendary nong to Shanxi Education Minister. April 28, 1930 Nanjing government appointed the Ministry of Education for the National Peking University Women nong Dean of Arts. Lu has been a rumor before, the night of March 21 letter to Zhang Ting Qian said:
Shuai farming Xuan-tong of worship, I do not know when there is geometry? A gun also and the same document, you hit me, I hit you about it hindered traffic.
Third, on Feb. 22, 1930, Lu Xun Zhang Ting Qian wrote a letter to say why they do not return to Beijing to teach the reasons:
Doubting and semi-agricultural, that is propaganda and everyone they are still in Peking, that I was in Shanghai mad about this, and Lin are also relevant.
November 20, 1932, Lu Xun to Beijing to visit his mother. This time, Liu Bannong'm going to Lu Xun, after others discouraged. In this regard, after the death of Lu Xun Liu Bannong writing that:
However, the semi-honest farmers, is also moved me. Two years ago I went to Beijing, then someone informed me that farming is coming to see me, who threatened him again, and dare not come. This makes me very ashamed, because I went to Beijing, I really can not have had access to farming in mind.
Winter 1932, Liu Bannong election Poetry 26, an integrated "initial vernacular Shi Gao," which include Lu Xun's poems 2: "their garden", "Man and Time." March 1 next year, Liu Bannong please Tai Jingnong Forward "initial vernacular Shigao" 5 to Lu Xun. Lu Xun wrote in his diary: "too quiet agricultural condition, and" initial vernacular Shigao "5, semi-agricultural and the gift."
"I gradually more will he forget"
October 1933, Liu Bannong in "The Analects" No. 26 published in the "Miscellaneous Poems questionnaire," respondents in terms of students, criticized. Lu Xun's reading, that students may not be the wrong word, such as prostitutes prostitution, and now not writing "advocate", but previously common word; "bud", "Sprout" is a noun, and "budding", "Germination" to become the verb, the "sprouting," the word used as a verb, not bad. His pseudonym "Feng while" writing "" feeling old "after (below)," which said:
Vernacular movement was victorious, and some soldiers, but also so climbed up, but also because climbed up on the vernacular not only no longer fighting, and it stepped on the foot of the ancient word out to ridicule the backward youth. Because the word is also used to laugh people of ancient classics, some classics for the young right again to see the province will not work, to be used for the imitation of classical authors of the format, not the path of trying to develop new, playing to a new situation the.
There are two people here: one is the middle school students, the paper wrote, "students" to "flow students", the wrong word; a university professor, the elation of a poem, said: "President has committed a mortal crime, punishment to the Western and the study of flow, is extremely poor should be more serious, gluten boil to make a pot of oil. "We have finished reading, ridiculous is that side?
This is Lu Xun was the only one specifically refute nong article.
The spring of 1934, ren wrote 50 poems from the life, the Peking group of people sing poetry. April 30, Lu Xun wrote a letter to Cao Juren, criticized the "public phase and group are more close to nauseating", including criticism of the nong. June 18 night, Lu Xun wrote a letter to Tai Jingnong, criticism literary atmosphere, also criticized the nong:
Literature, the Publications mixed up, most are "Pieces." This is the forest of public language advocated by Hall, built Zhou Jian Song quotes, Ming pieces, which have not heard before, then that the treasure, and his work, already carry on much as before. Continue to do so, they may be and Lao She farming, attributable to a hill, in fact, its so-called "is not to have been almost" who are.
Lu Xun's article is a pseudonym because he gave Cao Juren, Tai Jingnong's letter is a private letter, so Liu Bannong not seen those words before his death. Nong after the death of Lu Xun wrote "Memories nong jun", do not avoid the alienation of their relationship:
In recent years, farming gradually, according to a key position, I have gradually more will he forget; see him banned from the newspapers said, "Honey Rice," and is played very offensive: I think that these things are not half farmers to do the. Since last year years, saw him continue to do doggerel, Black Alley classics, remember the previous relationships, often can not help but sigh. I think that if met with old friends and I also considered itself not to a "Today the weather ... ... Ha ha ha," bin, it might get stop the conflict.
Paper, Lu Xun was still recognize the two old friends. Nong contributed to the New Culture Movement, Lu Xun special reference to two things: First, and Qian ANKANG two-man play performed by Qian Xuantong alias "Wang Jingxuan" pretend Lin Shu supporters, then write articles to refute Wangjing Xuan Liu Bannong . Second, nong made "her" character. Lu said: These two, now it seems very natural that trifles, but that ten years ago, just to promote new punctuation, there will be a large group of people "if mourning Kaobi" ... ... is indeed a "big battle."
In addition, Lu Xun does not evade nong whether the "Butterfly" and whether "light" topic. First arrived in Beijing, he said nong, "almost a year, he did not disappear from Shanghai brought wit must have 'Hongxiutianxiang night reading' of Yan Fu's thought, longing to curse us out of." The implication, Liu Bannong once Butterfly, was "out of" the.
Nong wrote "The General Theory of Chinese Grammar sequence", the "I would rather they said I was 'shallow'" words. Lu said: "But he's shallow, but as a trash and clarity bottom, the number of sediment and rotting grass turns vertical, or cover its broad clear. It fall installation is mud, and sometimes can not see it on the depth to a; if it is the abyss of mud, then a little more than a good light. "" I admire Chen Hu, but close to farming ", which is Lu Xun's overall assessment on the nong.
Bibliography:
"Earthenware collection" (poems) 1926. North New
"Swagger Collection" (on the volume, poems) 1926, North New
"Semi-agriculture on film" (Photo Talk) 1927, Beijing True Light Photography Club
"Semi-agriculture Essay" (No. l volumes) 1934, Beijing Nebula Church Bookstore
"Second set of farming essay," 1935, Companion
"Nong Selected Poems," 1958, Humanities
"General Theory of Chinese Grammar"
"Experimental recorded four tones"
Former Residence of Liu three brothers
Three brothers nong Liu, Liu Tian-hua, Liu Banmao, is a modern Chinese cultural celebrities.
[Lau three brothers residence]
Former Residence of Liu three brothers
Nong is a famous modern Chinese writer, linguist, photographic scientist. Pursuit of the truth of his life, an active part in the revolution and become one of the founding the New Culture Movement. He served as the "New Youth" magazine editor, the publication of "In my view of literary improvement," "innovative spirit of poetry and fiction," and so shocked the literary world with the idea of progress, as the New Culture Movement as a "fighter" and "path-breaker" . He created a genre of Chinese New Poetry "vernacular poems" wide impact. At the same time, he is the founder of our linguistic and photographic theory, his "experimental sound recorded in Chinese characters," won the "Award in Linguistics Constantine" is the first country to receive this international award for linguist.
Liu Tianhua is a famous national musicians, erhu school founder. Biggest contribution of his life is to "not registered Daya lobby" of erhu from the civil to the world, established a new school. He was the first country music history was compiled using Western sheet music folk music, bold refer to the "Western music", "improving the national music", so that the expression erhu unprecedented situation! He not only created "in Sickness", "good Xiao," "Space Mountain birds" and unworthy of a wide range of popular songs, but also trained a large number of erhu, pipa transmission. He "study, research, writing, performing and teaching together, constitute all of his music career."
Liu Banmao is famous modern folk music educators, composers, is also the cause of the faithful successor Liu Tianhua and developers. Days after the death of China, Liu Banmao to inherit its "improved Chinese music," the behest of Professor of English at Northwestern University gave up a seat, he was named professor of music. Worked in Sichuan, Nanjing, Anhui, Central Conservatory of Music to teach, He composed the "Han River tide," "Little Flower Drum", "Liufang song" and more than 100 erhu solo, is a prolific history of modern music's composer.
Memorial
http://www.eelove.cn/liubangno
Nong male students in 1927, Hengyang people. Originally named Liu Junjie. Normal school culture. Small teach successive End, principals, school teachers, long-term retirement group, school counselor. Rural areas have been advanced group, advanced individuals, the county concerned about the next generation of Association Awards and Honors. Is to "Lingnan", "Dawn" and eight members.
Translated by Google
Created by: 戴玨