xìng: | ài xīn jué luó | |||||||||
míng: | xuán yè | |||||||||
wǎngbǐhào: | qīng shèng zǔ | |||||||||
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chū shēng nián yuè: 1654 nián zú nián: 1722 nián
(1661 héng 1722) qīng cháo rù guān hòu de dì 'èr dài huáng dì jí qīng shèng zǔ ( ài xīn jué luó · xuán yè ) de nián hào
sú chēng qīng shèng zǔ wéi kāng xī huáng dì、 kāng xī dì。 yīn wéi míng qīng zhī dì wáng shí duō zhǐ yòu yī gè nián hào, yīn 'ér wǎng wǎng yǐ nián hào dài chēng dì wáng。
qīng shèng zǔ kāng xī, míng 'ài xīn jué luó xuán yè( 1654 nián 5 yuè 4 rì shùn zhì shí yī nián
shùn zhì shí yī nián
kāng xī jì wèi shí zhǐ yòu bā suì, shì shùn zhì de dì
kāng xī zhí zhèng qī jiān, chè chú wú
tā céng duō cì jǔ bàn bó xué hóng rú kē, chuàng jiàn liǎo nán shū fáng zhì dù, bìng qīn lín qū fù bài yè kǒng miào。 kāng xī dì hái zǔ zhì biān ji yǔ chū bǎn liǎo《 kāng xī zì diǎn》、《 gǔ jīn tú shū jí chéng》、《 lì xiàng kǎo chéng》、《 shù lǐ jīng yùn》、《 kāng xī yǒng nián lì fǎ》、《 kāng xī huáng yú quán lǎn tú》 děng tú shū、 lì fǎ hé dì tú。 kāng xī dì hái bāo fēng dào jiào bái yún guān fāng zhàng wáng cháng yuè, bìng yǐ yú mén xià。
kāng xī xiàng lái huá chuán jiào shì xué xí dài shù、 jǐ hé、 tiān wén、 yī xué děng fāng miàn de zhī shí, bìng pō yòu zhe shù。 duì jī dū jiào yě hěn yòu hǎo gǎn, hòu lái kǎ kāng xī zhú jiàn fā xiàn luó mǎ jiào tíng shì tú guò duō de gān yù qīng cháo de zhèng zhì, bìng qiě huáng zǐ guī yǐ jī dū hòu yǐ cǐ zuò wéi zhēng quán duó lì de gōng jù, suì kāi shǐ yòu suǒ dǐ zhì jī dū jiào , dàn shì , kāng xī zài tuī guǎng xī fāng xué shù shàng wú suǒ zuò wéi , cóng 'ér shǐ zhōng guó kē jì yuǎn luò hòu yú xī fāng。 kāng xī zì yòu xí wǔ, jīng yú qí shè。 duō lún huì méng tā kāi yìng gōng mìng zhōng hěn yuǎn de bà zǐ lìng dào chǎng de měnggǔ wáng gōng jīng hài bù yǐ; měi měi wéi chǎng shòu liè kāng xī zǒng shì suǒ huò yě shòu shèn duō。 tóu tiān wǎn shàng hái zài zuò jǐ hé zhèng míng tí, dì 'èr tiān yī zǎo jìn xīng chí chěng yǐ zhì lěi kuǎ liǎng
kāng xī zài shōu fù tái wān hòu zài kāi fàng liǎo hǎi jìn dàn shì bù jiǔ méi yòu jì xù, hòu lái cǐ zhèng cè chí xù liǎo zhěng gè qīng cháo lì shǐ( lì yòng “ wén zì yù ” zhè zhǒng cán kù de fāng shì dǎ jī liǎo jiāng nán yī dài de wén huà xué zhě , lì rú kāng xī wǔ shí nián fā shēng guò dài míng shì de nán shān 'àn wén zì yù shì jiàn。
4、 qīn zhēng shuò mò, hé shàn měnggǔ
měnggǔ céng jīng fēn wéi
5、 zhòng nóng zhì hé, xīng xiū shuǐ lì
míng wèi qīng chū jīng guò cháng qī de zhàn luàn, nóng yè shēng chǎn zāo dào yán zhòng de pò huài, kāng xī cǎi qǔ liǎo yī xì liè cuò shī huī fù hé fā zhǎn nóng yè shēng chǎn。 tā xià mìng tíng zhǐ juàn dì, tā liù cì xià jiāng nán xún chá huáng hé hé shuǐ lì, xiū huáng hé、 huái hé、 yǒng dìng hé。 kāng xī de zhòng nóng zhì hé, xīng xiū shuǐ lì , qǔ dé liǎo qián wú gǔ rén de chéng jiù。
6、 yí tiān suō dì, xīng xiū yuán lín
kāng xī xiū jiàn liǎo chàng chūn yuán、 chéng dé bì shǔ shān zhuāng、 rè hé mù lán wéi chǎng, tā de sūn zǐ qián lóng yòu jì xù xīng xiū
liù shì bān chán wéi qián lóng zhù shòu jiù zhù zài zhè lǐ, pài qiǎn zhù cáng dà chén, míng què líng tóng zhuǎn shì hé jīn píng chè qiān zhì dù yě zài zhè lǐ。 měnggǔ wáng yé men cháo jiàn huáng dì zhù zài zhè lǐ, huáng dì jiē jiàn wài guó shǐ chén yě zài zhè lǐ。 juàn zhì hào fán de《 sì kù quán shū》 cún fàng zài zhè lǐ, jiā qìng hé xián fēng liǎng wèi huáng dì xiān hòu sǐ zài zhè lǐ, tā jiàn zhèng liǎo qīng wáng cháo suǒ jīng lì de fēng fēng yǔ yǔ。
7、 xīng wén zhòng jiào, biān zuǎn diǎn jí
kāng xī zhòng shì wén huà jiào yù ]。。 qīn zì zhù chí biān zuǎn liǎo xǔ duō zhòng yào de diǎn jí pì rú shuō《 kāng xī zì diǎn》《 pèi wén yùn fǔ》《 qīng wén jiàn》《 kāng xī quán lǎn tú》《 gǔ jīn tú shū jí chéng》 kāng xī zhù chí biān zuǎn de diǎn jí yòu liù shí duō zhǒng, dà yuē yòu 'èr wàn juàn shì zhōng huá mín zú wén huà zhōng de zhòng yào jīng shén cái fù。 kāng xī cháo shǐ qīng dì guó yì lì yú shì jiè dōng fāng。 dāng shí 'é guó yòu bǐ dé dà dì, fǎ guó yòu lù yì shí sì, kāng xī yǔ tā men bǐ yòu wěi dà guò rén zhī chù, kāng xī shí hòu rén kǒu zuì zhòng duō, jīng jì zuì fù yù, wén huà zuì fán róng, jiāng yù zuì kāi kuò, guó lì zuì wéi qiáng shèng。 kāng xī shí hòu qīng cháo de jiāng yù, dōng qǐ dà hǎi, xī dào cōng lǐng, nán zhì céng mǔ 'àn shǎo, běi kuà wài xīng 'ān lǐng, xī běi dào bā 'ěr kā me hú, dōng běi dào kù yè dǎo, zǒng de miàn jī dà yuē yòu yī qiān
8、 duì zì jǐ jiǎng xué xí, duì cháo zhèng jiǎng qín shèn
tā kě yǐ shuō zài dì wáng dāng zhōng, tā shì zuì qín fèn xué xí de yī gè, kě shì tā zài yòu nián shí de bù xìng, jī lì zhe tā nǔ lì xué xí。 kāng xī bā suì shí fù qīn sǐ liǎo, 10 suì mǔ qīn yě sǐ liǎo, liǎng nián zhī jiān fù mǔ shuāng wáng。 yī gè gū 'ér xíng yǐng xiāng diào, shí zài shì kě lián。 tā zǔ mǔ fù zé fǔ yǎng tā, kāng xī shēn shàng yòu
kāng xī shì qīng cháo lì shǐ shàng zài wèi shí jiān zuì cháng de huáng dì。 tā wén wǔ shuāng quán, jì jīng tōng chuán tǒng wén huà, yòu shè liè xī fāng kē xué; jì néng shàng mǎ zuǒ yòu kāi gōng, yù jià qīn zhēng jī tuì gá 'ěr dān, yòu néng zhì guó 'ān bāng shàn yú guǎn lǐ。 tā yùn chóu wéi wò, jué shèng qiān lǐ, zuò zhèn běi jīng qǔ dé liǎo duì
chuán wèi de zhēng yì
kāng xī shí
kāng xī gòng yòu 35 zǐ、 20 nǚ。 qí zhōng zhǐ yòu 24 gè 'ér zǐ、 7 gè nǚ 'ér huó dào chéng nián。
jiā zú liè biǎo
fù qīn shùn zhì huáng dì
cháng xiōng 'ài xīn jué luó niú niǔ, zǎo shāng
èr xiōng 'ài xīn jué luó fú quán, yù qīn wáng
wǔ dì 'ài xīn jué luó cháng níng, gōng qīn wáng
mǔ qīn xiào kāng zhāng huáng tài hòu tóng jiā shì( tóng jiā shì wéi hàn jūn qí rén, tóng jiā shì de dì dì wéi tóng guó wéi, tóng jiā shì de fù qīn shì tóng tú lài, tóng tú lài de fù qīn shì tóng yǎng zhèng, tóng yǎng zhèng shì míng mò kàng wō yuán cháo de fù zǒng bīng, hòu lái zài kàng jīn de shí hòu, zhàn dǒu shī bài tóu jiàng hòu jīn。)
kāng xī hòu fēi yī lǎn
xiào chéng rén huáng hòu hè shè lǐ shì( 1654 héng héng 1674) mǎn zhōu zhèng huáng qí rén, lǐng shì wèi nèi dà chén gē bù lā zhī nǚ, fǔ zhèng dà chén suǒ ní de sūn nǚ, kāng xī sì nián cè fēng wéi huáng hòu, shí nián 13 suì。 kāng xī bā nián shēng huáng 'èr zǐ( jí fèi tài zǐ); kāng xī shí
xiào zhāo rén huáng hòu niǔ hù lù shì(? héng héng 1678), mǎn zhōu xiāng huáng qí rén, fǔ zhèng dà chén yī děng gōng 'è bì lóng nǚ。 kāng xī shí liù nián bā yuè cè fēng wéi huáng hòu, jǐn bàn nián, yú kāng xī shí qī nián 'èr yuè 'èr shí liù rì qù shì, shì hào wéi: xiào zhāo jìng shū míng huì zhèng hé 'ān yù duān mù qīn tiān shùn shèng rén huáng hòu。
xiào yì rén huáng hòu tóng jiā shì, mǎn zhōu xiāng huáng qí rén, lǐng shì wèi nèi dà chén tóng guó wéi zhī nǚ, běn shì kāng xī dì shēng mǔ de dí qīn zhí nǚ, shì kāng xī de biǎo jiě mèi。 kāng xī shí liù nián bā yuè cè fēng wéi guì fēi, èr shí nián shí 'èr yuè 'èr shí rì jìn shēng wéi huáng guì fēi。 èr shí 'èr nián shēng huáng bā nǚ。 kāng xī 'èr shí bā nián qī yuè chū jiǔ rì cè wéi huáng hòu, cì rì jí qù shì。 shì hào wéi: xiào yì wēn chéng duān rén xiàn mù hé kè cí huì fèng tiān zuǒ shèng rén huáng hòu。
xiào gōng rén huáng hòu wū yǎ shì( dé fēi, yōng zhèng dì shēng mǔ, 1660 héng héng 1723), mǎn zhōu zhèng huáng qí rén, hù jūn cān lǐng wēi wǔ zhī nǚ, kāng xī shí qī nián shí yuè
jìng mǐn huáng guì fēi, zhāng jiā shì(? héng héng 1699), mǎn zhōu xiāng huáng qí rén, cān lǐng hǎi kuān zhī nǚ。 kāng xī 'èr shí wǔ nián shēng huáng shí
dìng fēi( 1661 héng héng 1757), wàn liú hā shì , mǎn zhōu zhèng huáng qí rén, láng zhōng tuō 'ěr bì zhī nǚ。 kāng xī zài shí wéi pín, yōng zhèng shí zūn wéi huáng kǎo dìng fēi, hòu lái suí 'ér zǐ lǚ qīn wáng yǔn táo zhù, lún dào zì jǐ de shēng rì de shí hòu, hái huì bèi yíng jìn gōng qù zhù hè, dàn zài wèi jìn zūn fēng, hōng shí jiǔ shí qī suì。
tōng pín, nà lá shì(? héng héng 1744), jiān shēng cháng bǎo sù zhī nǚ。 shì fèng shèng zǔ kāng xī shí wéi guì rén。 yōng zhèng 'èr nián, yīn qí nǚ xù yòu gōng, shòu dào zūn fēng。 qián lóng jiǔ nián liù yuè 'èr shí
dūn yí huáng guì fēi( 1683 héng héng 1768),
què huì huáng guì fēi( 1668 héng héng 1743), tóng jiā shì, xiào yì huáng hòu de mèi mèi。 kāng xī
shùn yì mì tài fēi, wáng shì。 chū wéi mì pín, hòu zūn fēng wéi mì fēi。
chún yù qín tài fēi, chén shì。 chū wéi qín pín, bèi yōng zhèng zūn fēng wéi qín fēi。 yī zǐ, yǔn lǐ。
xiāng pín(? héng héng 1746), gāo shì, gāo tíng xiù zhī nǚ。 qián lóng shí yī nián liù yuè 'èr shí bā rì hōng, xiǎng nián zài 40 suì yǐ shàng。 yī zǐ, yǔn jì, yī nǚ, wèi chéng nián jí yāo zhé。
jǐn pín, sè hè tú shì( 1698 héng héng 1739), yuán wài láng duō 'ěr jì zhī nǚ。 qián lóng sì nián
jìng pín, shí shì(? héng héng 1758)。 yī zǐ, yǔn qí。
xī pín, chén shì(? héng héng 1737) chén yù qīng zhī nǚ, qián lóng 'èr nián zhēngyuè chù 'èr rì hōng( liú xīn wǔ rèn wéi tā shì《 hóng lóu mèng》 zhōng qù shì de lǎo tài fēi de yuán xíng), xiǎng nián zài 40 suì yǐ shàng。 yī zǐ, yǔn xǐ。
mù pín, chén shì(? héng héng 1727 qián), chén qí shān zhī nǚ, xiǎng nián zài 30 suì yǐ shàng。 yī zǐ, yǔn mí。
wēn xī guì fēi, niǔ hù lù shì(? héng héng 1694), mǎn zhōu xiāng huáng qí rén, xiào zhāo huáng hòu de mèi mèi, kāng xī 'èr shí nián cè wéi guì fēi,
huì fēi, nà lá shì(? héng héng 1732), láng zhōng suǒ 'ěr hèzhī nǚ, chū wéi shù fēi。 kāng xī shí liù nián cè wéi huì pín; èr shí nián wéi huì fēi。 yōng zhèng shí nián sì yuè chū qī rì hōng。 xiǎng nián zài 70 suì yǐ shàng。 èr zǐ, chéng qìng、 yǔn tí。
yí fēi, guō luò luó shì(? héng héng 1733), mǎn zhōu xiāng huáng qí rén, zuǒ lǐng
róng fēi, mǎ jiā shì(? héng héng 1727), yuán wài láng gài shān zhī nǚ。 kāng xī shí liù nián cè wéi róng pín; èr shí nián wéi róng fēi。 yōng zhèng wǔ nián rùn
guì rén guō luò luó shì, yí fēi de mèi mèi, mǎn zhōu xiāng huáng qí rén, shēng huáng liù nǚ、 huáng shí jiǔ zǐ yǔn ( shì yǔ )。 zú nián bù xiáng。
huì fēi, bó 'ěr jǐn jí tè shì(? héng héng 1670), kē 'ěr qìn
píng fēi, hè shè lǐ shì(? héng héng 1696), xiào chéng rén huáng hòu de mèi mèi, mǎn zhōu zhèng huáng qí rén, lǐng shì wèi nèi dà chén chéng 'ēn gōng gá bù lā zhī nǚ, yòu nián shí dài nián gōng zhōng, kāng xī
liáng fēi, wèi shì(? héng héng 1711), mǎn zhōu zhèng huáng qí bāo yī rén, nèi guǎn lǐng 'ā bù nài zhī nǚ。 yī fèi tài zǐ zhī shí, huáng bā zǐ céng bèi zhòng dà chén bǎo jǔ wéi huáng tài zǐ, shēn shòu fù huáng yàn 'è。 kāng xī céng shuō:“( huáng bā zǐ) xì xīn zhě kù jiàn fù suǒ shēng。”(《 qīng shèng zǔ shí lù》 dì 261 juàn) xīn zhě kù de yì sī shì“ guǎn lǐng xià shí kǒu liáng rén”, yě jiù shì nèi wù fǔ guǎn xiá xià de nú pú。 qīng cháo bā qí guān yuán huò zuì hòu, běn rén yǐ jí jiā shǔ bèi biān rù xīn zhě kù, chéng wéi dài zuì nú pú, yǐ shì chéng jiè。 wèi shì běn rén de zǔ xiān dāng yòu lèi sì jīng lì, cái chéng wéi xīn zhě kù zuì jí。 tā dà yuē shì zhěng gè qīng cháo fēi pín zhōng mǔ jiā dì wèi zuì bēi xià zhě。 yǐ cǐ tiáo jiàn, tā zhǐ néng chōng dāng gōng nǚ, cóng shì yī xiē cū huó、 zhòng huó。 yǔ huáng dì jiē chù de jī huì yě zì rán dà dà shǎo yú qí tā gōng nǚ。 dàn tā jìng rán bèi huáng dì kàn zhōng, shēng yù huáng zǐ, shuō míng tā de zì shēn tiáo jiàn shí fēn yōu yuè, shì yī wèi měi lì chū zhòng de nǚ zǐ。 yàn běi lǎo rén《 qīng dài shí
xuān fēi, bó 'ěr jǐn jí tè shì(? héng héng 1736), kē 'ěr qìn dá 'ěr hàn qīn wáng hé tǎ zhī nǚ, shùn zhì huáng dì dào fēi de zhí nǚ。 kāng xī de biǎo jiě mèi。 kāng xī wǔ shí qī nián shí 'èr yuè cè fēng wéi xuān fēi。 qián lóng yuán nián bā yuè chū bā hōng, èr nián jiǔ yuè 'èr shí yī rì fèng 'ān。
chéng fēi, dài jiā shì(? héng héng 1740), mǎn zhōu xiāng huáng qí rén, sī kù zhuó qí zhī nǚ, chù jìn gōng wéi pín。 kāng xī shí jiǔ nián shēng huáng qī zǐ。 kāng xī wǔ shí qī nián shí 'èr yuè cè fēng wéi chéng fēi。 qián lóng wǔ nián shí yuè
shùn yì mì fēi, wáng shì(? héng héng 1744), zhī xiàn wáng guó zhèng zhī nǚ, mǔ huáng shì( 1640 héng héng 1709), wéi sū zhōu jí rén shì, kě néng shì kāng xī 'èr shí bā nián dì 'èr cì nán xún shí dài huí gōng zhōng de nǚ zǐ。 kāng xī 'èr shí yú nián jìn gōng, shí nián dà yuē shí liù qī suì,
chún yù qín fēi, chén shì(? héng héng 1754), mǎn zhōu xiāng huáng qí rén, èr děng shì wèi chén xī mǐn zhī nǚ。 kāng xī
xī pín, hè shè lǐ shì(? héng héng 1702), lái bèi( yī gè zì, shàng miàn shì lái, xià miàn shì bèi) shān zhī nǚ。 kāng xī shí liù nián bā yuè 'èr shí 'èr rì cè wéi xī pín, kāng xī sì shí yī nián jiǔ yuè hōng, sì shí sì nián 'èr yuè chū jiǔ rì fèng 'ān。 xiǎng nián dāng zài 40 yǐ shàng。
duān pín, dǒng shì, yuán wài láng dǒng dá qí nǚ。 kāng xī shí nián shēng huáng 'èr nǚ, shí liù nián bā yuè 'èr shí 'èr rì cè wéi duān pín。 zú nián bù xiáng, xiǎng nián zài 60 suì yǐ shàng。 kāng xī wǔ shí jiǔ nián jiǔ yuè chū jiǔ rì fèng 'ān。
jìng pín, shí shì(? héng héng 1758), shí huái yù zhī nǚ。 kāng xī wǔ shí 'èr nián shí yī yuè 'èr shí bā rì shēng huáng 'èr shí
ān pín, lǐ shì, hàn jūn zhèng lán qí, kāng xī shí liù nián bā yuè cè fēng。 dà yuē zài yōng zhèng nián jiān qù shì, xiǎng nián dāng zài 60 suì yǐ shàng。
jìng pín, wáng jiā shì, kāng xī shí liù nián bā yuè cè fēng。 dà yuē zài yōng zhèng nián jiān qù shì, xiǎng nián dāng zài 60 suì yǐ shàng。
guì rén, zhào jiā shì( jí bù guì rén,? héng héng 1717), kāng xī shí
guì rén, yuán shì, kāng xī 'èr shí bā nián wǔ yuè 'èr shí qī rì shēng huáng liù nǚ hé shuò kè jìng gōng zhù, èr shí 'èr nián qī yuè 'èr shí
guì rén, nà lā shì。
guì rén, chén shì, kāng xī wǔ shí qī nián 'èr yuè chū yī shēng huáng
guì rén, yì shì(? héng héng 1728), yōng zhèng liù nián sì yuè zú, xiǎng nián yuē 70 duō suì。
shù fēi, niǔ hù lù shì, mǎn zú。 kāng xī sì shí qī nián shí yī yuè shí jiǔ rì shēng huáng 'èr shí nǚ。 zú nián bù xiáng。
shù fēi, zhāng shì, hàn zú。 kāng xī qī nián shí yī yuè 'èr shí liù rì shēng huáng cháng nǚ, shí
shù fēi, wáng shì, hàn zú。 kāng xī
shù fēi, liú shì, hàn zú。 kāng xī
zǐ nǚ
ér zǐ( àn chū shēng shùn xù)
ài xīn jué luó chéng hù
ài xīn jué luó chéng ruì
ài xīn jué luó chéng qìng
ài xīn jué luó sài yīn chá hún
ài xīn jué luó cháng huá
ài xīn jué luó cháng shēng
ài xīn jué luó wàn fǔ
ài xīn jué luó yǔn zàn
yǐ shàng gè zǐ yòu shāng, wèi xù chǐ
huáng zhǎngzǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn zhī, gù shān bèi zǐ, yuán míng 'ài xīn jué luó bǎo qīng
huáng cì zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn réng,( fèi) huáng tài zǐ, hòu fēng lǐ mì qīn wáng ( shì zài yōng zhèng shí qī fēng de, gēn kāng xī huáng dì méi guān ), yuán míng 'ài xīn jué luó bǎo chéng
huáng
huáng sì zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn zhēn, yōng zhèng huáng dì
huáng wǔ zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn qí, héng wēn qīn wáng
huáng liù zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn zuò, yòu shāng
huáng qī zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn yòu, chún dù qīn wáng
huáng bā zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn sì, yuán fēng lián qīn wáng, hòu fèi
huáng jiǔ zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn táng, yōng zhèng sì nián bā yuè 'èr shí qī mò
huáng shí zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn shì wǒ, fǔ guó gōng
huáng shí yī zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn zī, yòu shāng
huáng shí 'èr zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn táo, lǚ yì qīn wáng
huáng shí
huáng shí sì zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn tí, xún qín jùn wáng
huáng shí wǔ zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn xú, yú kè jùn wáng
huáng shí liù zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn lù, chū jì chéng zé qīn wáng shuò sài zhī hòu
huáng shí qī zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn lǐ, guǒ yì qīn wáng
huáng shí bā zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn xiè, yòu shāng
huáng shí jiǔ zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn jì, yòu shāng
huáng 'èr shí zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn yī, jiǎn jìng bèi lè
huáng 'èr shí yī zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn xǐ, shèn jìng jùn wáng
huáng 'èr shí 'èr zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn hù, gōng qín bèi lè
huáng 'èr shí
huáng 'èr shí sì zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn mì, chéng kè qīn wáng
yōng zhèng dì 'ài xīn jué luó yìn zhēn jí wèi hòu wéi bì huì, zhū huáng zǐ míng zhōng“ yìn” zì bèi de, gǎi wéi“ yǔn” zì( dān dān shí
nǚ 'ér
huáng cháng nǚ( 1668 nián héng 1671 nián), kāng xī qī nián shí yī yuè 'èr shí shēng; shí nián shí yuè shāng, shí nián
huáng 'èr nǚ( 1671 nián héng 1673 nián), kāng xī shí nián
huáng
huáng sì nǚ( 1674 nián héng 1678 nián), kāng xī shí
huáng wǔ nǚ, hé shuò duān jìng gōng zhù, mǔ guì rén zhào jiā shì。
huáng liù nǚ, gù lún kè jìng gōng zhù, mǔ guì rén guō luò luó shì。
huáng qī nǚ( 1682 nián), kāng xī 'èr shí yī nián liù yuè chū yī shēng, bā yuè jí shāng。 mǔ dé fēi wū yǎ shì。
huáng bā nǚ( 1683 nián), kāng xī 'èr shí 'èr nián liù yuè shí jiǔ shēng, rùn liù yuè shāng。 mǔ huáng guì fēi tóng jiā shì。
huáng jiǔ nǚ, gù lún wēn xiàn gōng zhù, mǔ dé fēi wū yǎ shì。
huáng shí nǚ, gù lún chún què gōng zhù, mǔ shù fēi nà lā shì。
huáng shí yī nǚ( 1685 nián héng 1686 nián), kāng xī 'èr shí sì nián jiǔ yuè 'èr shí qī shēng; èr shí wǔ nián wǔ yuè shāng。 mǔ wēn xī guì fēi niǔ hù lù shì。
huáng shí 'èr nǚ( 1686 nián héng 1697 nián), kāng xī 'èr shí wǔ nián rùn sì yuè 'èr shí sì shēng, kāng xī
huáng shí
huáng shí sì nǚ, hé shuò què jìng gōng zhù, mǔ guì rén yuán shì。
huáng shí wǔ nǚ, hé shuò dūn kè gōng zhù, mǔ jìng pín zhāng jiā shì。
huáng shí liù nǚ( 1695 nián héng 1707 nián), kāng xī
huáng shí qī nǚ( 1698 nián héng 1700 nián), kāng xī
huáng shí bā nǚ( 1701 nián), kāng xī sì shí nián shí yuè shí bā shēng, bù jiǔ jí shāng。 mǔ hé pín guā 'ěr jiā shì。
huáng shí jiǔ nǚ( 1703 nián héng 1705 nián), kāng xī sì shí 'èr nián 'èr yuè shí sì shēng; sì shí sì nián 'èr yuè shāng, shí nián
huáng 'èr shí nǚ( 1708 nián), kāng xī sì shí qī nián shí yuè chū jiǔ shēng, shí 'èr yuè shāng。 mǔ shù fēi niǔ hù lù shì。
yǎng nǚ, gù lún chún xǐ gōng zhù, shèng zǔ dì gōng qīn wáng cháng níng cháng nǚ, mǔ shù fú jìn jìn shì。
kāng xī cháo gōng tíng dà shì nián biǎo
shùn zhì shí bā nián( 1661 nián xīn chǒu)
[ kāng xī ]
kāng xī
zhēngyuè chū 'èr rì, shùn zhì dì huàn dòu, bìng wēi。 zhào yuán rèn dà xué shì má lè jí、 xué shì wáng xī qǐ cǎo yí zhào。 chū qī rì, shì yú yǎng xīn diàn。 yí zhào zhōng duì shí bā nián de cháo zhèng jìn xíng jiǎn tǎo, gòng yòu shí sì xiàng zuì zé。 yí zhào lì dì
èr yuè yí shùn zhì dì zǐ gōng yú jǐng shān shòu huáng diàn。 cái chè shí
sì yuè yǐ yī děng 'ā dá hā hā fān shì wèi fù dá lǐ suí zàng shùn zhì dì, yú jì zàng, shì zhōng liè。 zhèng chéng gōng shōu fù tái wān。 jiāng nán sū、 sōng、 cháng、 zhèn sì fǔ fā shēng zòu xiāo 'àn。
liù yuè bà nèi gé, fù nèi
shí yī yuè kāng xī dì qīn sì yú huán qiū。 shì zǔ zhāng huáng dì shēng fù tài miào。
shí 'èr yuè píng xī wáng wú
shì nián wéi fáng nèi dì mín zhòng yǔ zhèng chéng gōng kàng qīng shì lì lián xì, shí xíng hǎi jìn, lè lìng jiāng nán、 zhè jiāng、 fú jiàn、 guǎng dōng yán hǎi jū mín fēn bié nèi qiān
kāng xī yuán nián( 1662 nián rén yín)
èr yuè zhèng chéng gōng jiē shòu hé lán qīn lüè zhě kuí yī tóu jiàng。
sì yuè jiā shàng tài zǔ、 tài zōng zūn shì。 wú
wǔ yuè xià zhì, kāng xī dì qīn jì dì yú fāng zé。
bā yuè zōng rén fǔ、 lǐ bù zūn yù yì wáng、 bèi lè、 bèi zǐ děng yòu yuàn fǔ yǎng nǚ zhě, zòu zhǔn fǔ yǎng, suí yǎng fù mǔ shēng jiàng。
shí yuè zūn huáng tài hòu wéi tài huáng tài hòu, zūn huáng hòu wéi rén xiàn huáng tài hòu, mǔ hòu wéi cí hé huáng tài hòu。
shí yī yuè wú zhī róng gào fā zhuāng tíng lóng sī xiū《 míng shǐ》。
kāng xī 'èr nián( 1663 nián guǐ mǎo)
èr yuè cí hé huáng tài hòu tóng jiā shì shì。
wǔ yuè zhào tiān xià qián liáng tǒng guī hù bù, bù sì yìng yòng, jù xiàng hù bù lǐng qǔ, zhù wéi lìng。 wéi cí hé huáng tài hòu shàng zūn shì xiào kāng xī cí hé zhuāng yì gōng huì chóng tiān yù shèng huáng hòu。 fèng yí shì zǔ zǐ gōng wǎng xiào líng, fèng 'ān dì gōng。
liù yuè zàng shì zǔ zhāng huáng dì yú xiào líng, xiào kāng huáng hòu、 duān jìng huáng hòu yǔ zhī hé zàng。
shí yī yuè gǎi zào fú líng、 zhāo líng dì gōng chéng, fèng 'ān tài zǔ、 tài zōng bǎo gōng。
kāng xī
sì yuè 'áo bài zòu nèi dà chén fèi yáng gǔ zhī zǐ shì wèi wō hè shàn qí yù mǎ, fèi yáng gǔ yuàn, bèi jí jiā qì shì。 zhào lìng gōng bù zhì rǎn jú guī nèi wù fǔ。
kāng xī sì nián( 1665 nián jǐ sì)
èr yuè yù shǐ dǒng wén jì shū yán dà chén gèng yì xiān huáng dì zhì dù, fēi shì, yí yī qiē fù jiù。
qī yuè yǐ tài huáng tài hòu yì zhǐ, pìn fǔ chén suǒ ní sūn nǚ、 nèi dà chén gá bù lá zhī nǚ hè shè lǐ shì wéi huáng hòu, xíng nà cǎi lǐ。
jiǔ yuè cè lì fǔ chén suǒ ní zhī sūn nǚ hè shè lǐ shì wéi huáng hòu。
shí yuè kāng xī dì shǒu zhì nán yuàn xiào shè xíng wéi。
kāng xī wǔ nián( 1666 nián bǐng wǔ)
zhēngyuè fǔ chén 'áo bài yǔ sū kè sà hā yīn huàn dì xiāng zhēng, zì cǐ 'áo bài zhuān quán。
shí yī yuè fǔ chén 'áo bài yǐ gǎi bō juàn dì, wū gào dà xué shì hù bù shàng shū sū nà hǎi、 zhí lì zǒng dū zhū chāng zuò、 xún fǔ wáng dēng lián děng zuì, dài bǔ xià yù。 ér fǔ chén zhōng de suǒ ní nián lǎo, è bì lóng ruǎn ruò, sū kè sà hā wàng qiǎn, jù bù néng kàng jù 'áo bài。
shí 'èr yuè 'áo bài jiáo zhǐ shā sū nà hǎi、 zhū chāng zuò、 wáng dēng lián。
kāng xī liù nián( 1667 nián dīng wèi)
zhēngyuè fēng shì zǔ dì 'èr zǐ huáng xiōng fú quán wéi yù qīn wáng。
sì yuè jiā suǒ ní yī děng gōng。
liù yuè nèi hóng wén yuàn shì dú xióng cì lǚ shàng shū, chén shù dāng cháo mǎn hàn máo dùn jiān ruì、 zhì dù fèi chí。
qī yuè kāng xī dì qīn zhèng, yù tài hé diàn shòu hè, jiā 'ēn zhōng wài, dà shè。 shǐ yù qián qīng gōng tīng zhèng。 mìng wǔ zhí guān yī tǐ yǐn jiàn。 áo bài shā sū kè sà hā jí qí zǐ。 cì 'è bì lóng、 áo bài jiā yī děng gōng。
jiǔ yuè mìng xiū《 shì zǔ shí lù》。 kāng qīn wáng jié shū yì sū kè sà hā zuì。
shí yī yuè dōng zhì, sì tiān yú huán qiū, fèng shì zǔ zhāng huáng dì pèi xiǎng。
kāng xī qī nián( 1668 nián wù shēn)
zhēngyuè jiàn xiào líng shén gōng shèng dé bēi。 jiā 'áo bài、 è bì lóng tài shī。
jiǔ yuè kāng xī dì jiāng xún biān, shì dú xué shì xióng cì lǚ、 jǐshìzhōng zhào zhī fú shū jiàn。 kāng xī dì zhǐ xíng, réng lìng yù shì zhí chén。
shí 'èr yuè zhì lì fǎ de bǐ lì shí chuán jiào shì nán huái rén hé zòu qīn tiān jiān jiān fù wú míng xuǎn。
kāng xī bā nián( 1669 nián jǐ yǒu)
zhēngyuè xiū qián qīng gōng, kāng xī dì yí yù wǔ yīng diàn。 cǐ xì tài huáng tài hòu yì zhǐ:“ huáng dì xiàn jū qīng níng gōng, jí bǎo hé diàn yě。 yǐ diàn wéi gōng, yú xīn bù 'ān。 kě jiāng qián qīng gōng、 jiāo tài diàn xiū lǐ, huáng dì yí jū bǐ chù。”
èr yuè xíng nán huái rén tuī suàn lì fǎ。 xún shì jìn jī。
sì yuè xìng tài xué, shì diàn kǒng zǐ, jiǎng《 zhōu yì》、《 shàng shū》。 jǐshìzhōng liú rú hàn qǐng jǔ xíng jīng yán, jiā nà zhī。
wǔ yuè zhào dài bǔ 'áo bài jiāo tíng jū。 shì rì, zài 'áo bài rù jiàn shí, shì wèi yǐ pū jī zhī xì zhuā bǔ zhī。 zì cǐ, shè shàn pū yíng, yǐ jìn chén lǐng zhī。 wáng dà chén yì 'áo bài
liù yuè zhào zōng rén yòu zuì, bù rěn kāi chú zōng jí, zì shùn zhì shí bā nián yǐ lái bèi xuē zōng jí zhě, yóu zōng rén fǔ xiáng chá yǐ wén。
qī yuè zhào fù bèi 'áo bài wū zuì de sū nà hǎi、 zhū chāng zuò、 wáng dēng lián yuán guān, bìng yú shì。
shí yuè lú gōu qiáo chéng, shàng wéi wén lè shí。
shí yī yuè tài hé diàn、 qián qīng gōng chéng, shàng yù tài hé diàn shòu hè, rù jū qián qīng gōng。
kāng xī jiǔ nián( 1670 nián gēng xū)
zhēngyuè qí gǔ yú shàng dì, fèng tài zǔ gāo huáng dì、 tài zōng wén huáng dì、 shì zǔ zhāng huáng dì pèi xiǎng。 qǐ 'è bì lóng gōng jué, sù wèi nèi tíng。
wǔ yuè jiā shàng xiào kāng zhāng huáng hòu zūn shì, shēng fù tài miào。
qī yuè fèng sì xiào kāng zhāng huáng hòu yú fèng xiān diàn。
bā yuè zhào dū chá yuàn jiū chá péi sì wáng dà chén bān xíng bù sù zhě。 kāng xī dì fèng tài huáng tài hòu、 huáng tài hòu shǒu yè xiào líng。
shí yuè bān《 shèng yù》 shí liù tiáo。 gǎi nèi
kāng xī shí nián( 1671 nián xīn hài)
zhēngyuè fēng shì zǔ dì wǔ zǐ cháng nìngwéi gōng qīn wáng。
èr yuè mìng biān zuǎn《 xiào jīng yǎn yì》。
sì yuè mìng xù xiū《 tài zǔ shèng xùn》、《 tài zōng shèng xùn》。 zhào zōng rén xiánsǎn jí yòu gū zhě, liàng yú yǎng shàn, zhù wéi lìng。 shǐ xíng rì jiǎng。
jiǔ yuè yǐ huán yǔ tǒng yī, gào chéng yú tài zǔ tài zōng líng。 fèng tài huáng tài hòu、 huáng tài hòu qǐ luán。 yè fú líng、 zhāo líng。 xìng shèng jīng, yù qīng níng gōng, cì bǎi guān yàn。 qiǎn guān jì zhū wáng zhū dà chén mù。
kāng xī shí yī nián( 1672 nián rén zǐ)
èr yuè kāng xī dì zhì xiān nóng tán shǒu cì xíng gēng jí lǐ。 zhāorì yú dōng jiāo。
wǔ yuè《 shì zǔ shí lù》 biān zuǎn wán chéng。
shí yī yuè kāng xī dì xìng nán yuàn, jiàn xíng gōng。
shí 'èr yuè yù qīn wáng fú quán、 zhuāng qīn wáng bó guǒ duó、 huì jùn wáng bó wēng guǒ nuò、 wēn jùn wáng mèng 'é shū cí yì zhèng, yǔn zhī。 kāng qīn wáng jié shū、 ān qīn wáng yuè lè shū cí yì zhèng, bù xǔ。
kāng xī shí 'èr nián( 1673 nián guǐ chǒu)
zhēngyuè xìng nán yuàn, dà yuè bā qí jiàngshì。 cǐ hòu huò xíng dà yuè yú lú gōu qiáo, huò yù quán shān, huò duō lún nuò 'ěr; dì wú yī dìng, shí jiān yì bù yǐ
èr yuè shàng yù jīng yán, mìng jiǎng guān rì zhí。 cì bā qí guān xué fān yì《 dà xué yǎn yì》。
liù yuè jìn zhǐ bā qí yǐ nú pú xùn zàng。
qī yuè mìng chóngxiū《 tài zōng shí lù》。 wú
bā yuè shì hàn kē dào guān yú bǎo hé diàn, bù chēng zhí zhě bà。 qiǎn guān fēn zhì yún nán、 guǎng dōng、 fú jiàn, jìn xíng chè fān。 yù lǐ bù: jì sì dà diǎn, bì yí wén xiáng bèi, nǎi kě zhāo gé。 mìng qí kǎo chá gǔ lǐ zhēn zhuó yì dìng。
jiǔ yuè yù zǒng guǎn tàijiàn kǎo chá gè gōng tàijiàn qín duò qíng kuàng。
shí yī yuè wú
shí 'èr yuè wú
kāng xī shí
zhēngyuè fēng shì zǔ dì qī zǐ lóng xǐ wéi chún qīn wáng。
èr yuè guǎng xī jiāng jūn sūn yán líng pàn。 tài huáng tài hòu bān nèi kù yín kào shǎng píng
wǔ yuè huáng hòu hè shè shì yīn nán chǎn shì yú kūn níng gōng。 kāng xī dì wèicǐ chuò cháo wǔ rì, qīn sòng dà xíng huáng hòu zǐ gōng yú běi shā hé gǒng huá chéng bìn gōng。
liù yuè dìng yǐ nèi wù fǔ dà chén lǐng
shí 'èr yuè kāng xī dì nǐ qián wǎng qīn zhēng
kāng xī shí sì nián( 1675 nián yǐ mǎo)
sì yuè yǐ shàng yù què lì jīng yán de xíng shì wéi shì chén jìn jiǎng, rán hòu huáng dì fù jiǎng, hù xiāng tǎo lùn yǐ dá dào duì jīng yì yòu suǒ chǎn fā。
rùn wǔ yuè xìng yù quán shān guān hé。
jiǔ yuè kāng xī dì shǒu yè míng líng, zhì diàn cháng líng, qiǎn guān fēn jì zhū líng。
shí yī yuè fù shè zhān shì fǔ guān。
shí 'èr yuè lì huáng zǐ yìn réng wéi tài zǐ, qiǎn guān gào jì tiān dì tài miào shè jì, bān zhào zhōng wài, jiā 'ēn sì shè。
kāng xī shí wǔ nián( 1676 nián bǐng chén)
zhēngyuè yǐ jiàn chǔ shàng tài huáng tài hòu、 huáng tài hòu huī hào。 yīn jūn xū hào fán, mín lì wéi jiān, zàn tíng rén xiào huáng hòu líng qǐn jiàn zào zhī gōng。
shí yuè kāng xī dì mìng jiǎng guān jìn jiǎng《 tōng jiàn》。 gěng jīng zhōng shì qióng 'ér jiàng,
kāng xī shí liù nián( 1677 nián dīng sì)
èr yuè xìng nán yuàn xíng wéi。 dà yuè yú nán yuàn, mìng nèi dà chén、 dà xué shì、 xué shì zhū wén chén yì jù pī jiá。
qī yuè kāng xī dì yù biàn diàn, zhào dà xué shì děng cì zuò, lùn jīng shǐ, jiān jí qián dài péng dǎng zhī bì duān, yù yán jiā jǐng jiè。 fēng shì zǔ rǔ mǔ pǔ shì wéi fèng shèng fū rén, dǐng mào fú sè zhào gōng fū rén pǐn jí。
bā yuè cè lì nèi dà chén 'è bì lóng zhī nǚ guì fēi niǔ hù lù shì wéi huáng hòu, tóng jiā shì wéi guì fēi, hè shè lǐ shì wéi xī pín, lǐ shì wéi 'ān pín, zhāng jiā shì wéi jìng pín, dǒng shì wéi duān pín。 nèi wù fǔ zǒng guǎn dà chén xiàng 'èr shí jiā nèi guǎn zuǒ lǐng chuán yù: gōng nèi yī yìng fú yì xíng zǒu nǚ rén, fán yòu shì jìn gōng, gōng shì bì jí yìng chū wài, bù xǔ jiǔ tíng xián zuò, jiāng wài jiànshì xiàng nèi chuán shuō, bìng qiè tīng gōng nèi shì wǎng wài chuán shuō。
jiǔ yuè shàng fā jīng shī, yè xiào líng, xún jìn biān。
shí yuè shǐ shè nán shū fáng, mìng shì jiǎng xué shì zhāng yīng、 zhōng shū gāo shì qí rù zhí。
shí yī yuè fēng cháng bái shān shén, qiǎn guān wàng jì。
kāng xī 'èr shí
èr yuè yǐ sà kè sù bīng lín yǎ kè sà。
sì yuè yù jiǎng guān, jiǎng zhāng yǐ jīng qiē míng xī wéi shàng, wú qǔ fán yǎn。
jiǔ yuè kāng xī dì chū cì nán xún qǐ luán。
shí yuè kāi fàng hǎi jìn。 nán xún tú jìng huáng hé, shì chá běi 'àn zhū xiǎn。
shí yī yuè nán xún zhì jiāng níng, yè míng xiào líng。 huí luán shí cì qū fù, yì kǒng miào, zhān xiān shèng xiàng, jiǎng《 rì jīng》, yì kǒng lín lèi jiǔ, shū“ wàn shì shī biǎo”, liú qū bǐng huáng gài。 shì nián, yòng shī láng yì, yú tái wān shè fǔ、 xiàn děng, lì fú jiàn xíng shěng。 kāng xī
zhēngyuè xià zhào qīn zhēng gá 'ěr dān。 yú xī yuàn jiāo yuán shè nèi jiān guān xué, yǐ chì shòu tàijiàn dú shū。
èr yuè kāng xī dì qīn tǒng liù shī qǐ xíng, zhēng gá 'ěr dān。 mìng huáng tài zǐ liú shǒu, fán bù yuàn zhāng zòu tīng huáng tài zǐ chǔlǐ。 fēi hè shè lǐ shì shì, zhuī zèng píng fēi。
wǔ yuè zhēn zhī gá 'ěr dān suǒ zài, kāng xī dì shuài qián fēng xiān fā, zhū jūn zhāng liǎng yì 'ér jìn。 qián shào zhōng shū 'ā bì dá tàn bào gá 'ěr dān wén zhī huáng shàng qīn shuài dà jūn 'ér lái, jīng jù táo dùn。 kāng xī dì shuài qīng qí zhuī jī。 shàng shū huáng tài hòu, bèi chén jūn kuàng, bìng yuē qī huí jīng。 kāng xī dì zhuī zhì tuō nà 'ā lín 'ér hái, mìng nèi dà chén mǎ sī kā zhuī zhī。 kāng xī dì bān shī。 fǔ yuǎn dàjiàng jūn fèi yáng gǔ dà bài gá 'ěr dān yú zhāo mò duō( jīn měnggǔ rén mín gòng hé guó wū lán bā tuō dōng nán), zhǎn shǒu
qī yuè yǐ píng dìng shuò mò lè shí yú tài xué。
shí yuè dàjiàng jūn fèi yáng gǔ xiàn fú zhì。
shí yī yuè gá 'ěr dān qiǎn shǐ qǐ jiàng, qí shǐ gé lěi gū yīng zhì, gài wēi tàn kāng xī dì de zhǐ yì。 kāng xī dì gào zhī shuō:“ sì 'ěr qī shí rì, guò cǐ jí jìn bīng。”
kāng xī
zhēngyuè shàng yù:“ zhèn guān《 míng shǐ》, yī dài bìng wú nǚ hòu yù zhèng, yǐ chén líng jūn zhī shì。 wǒ cháo shì lì, yīn zhī zhě duō。 zhèn bù sì qián rén zhé jī wáng guó yě。 xiàn xiū《 míng shǐ》, qí yǐ cǐ yù zēng rù chì shū。”
èr yuè kāng xī dì zài cì qīn zhēng gá 'ěr dān yú níng xià, mìng huáng tài zǐ liú shǒu jīng shī。 qiǎn guān jì huáng hé zhī shén。
sì yuè kāng xī dì huí luán。 fèi yáng gǔ shū bào rùn
qī yuè yǐ shuò mò píng dìng, qiǎn guān gào jì jiāo miào、 líng qǐn、 xiān shī。
shí yuè shǐ lìng zōng shì jí mǎn zhōu zhū shēng yìng xiāng shì、 huì shì。
shí yī yuè hé shuò kè jìng gōng zhù xià jià kā 'ěr kā jùn wáng dūn bù duō 'ěr jì。
kāng xī
zhēngyuè kāng xī dì xún xìng wǔ tái shān。 mìng huáng zhǎngzǐ yǔn zhī、 dà xué shì yī sāng 'ā jì jīn tài zǔ、 shì zōng líng。
wǔ yuè cái shàng lín yuàn。
qī yuè mìng lì bù yuè xuǎn tóng、 tōng、 zhōu、 xiàn guān yǐn jiàn。 bà zhōu xīn hé chéng, cì míng yǒng dìng hé, jiàn hé shén miào。 fèng huáng tài hòu dōng xún, qǔ dào sài wài。
bā yuè xún xìng sài wài, fèng huáng tài hòu lín xìng kā lā qìn duān jìng gōng zhù fǔ dǐ, cì jīn bì jí qí 'é fù gá 'ěr zāng。 huáng tài hòu wàng jì fù mǔ yú fā kù shān。 cì duān mǐn gōng zhù jí qí 'é fù dá 'ěr hàn qīn wáng bān dì jīn bì。
jiǔ yuè kāng xī dì cì kè 'ěr sū, lín kē 'ěr qìn qīn wáng xiào zhuāng wén huáng hòu zhī fù mǎn zhū xí lǐ mù qián lèi jiǔ xíng lǐ。
shí yuè kāng xī dì xíng wéi yú huī fā。 zhù bì xīng jīng, yè yǒng líng, qiǎn guān cì diàn wǔ gōng jùn wáng lǐ dūn mù。 yè fú líng、 zhāo líng, lín diàn wǔ xūn wáng yáng gǔ lì、 zhí yì gōng fèi yīng dōng、 hóng yì gōng 'é yí dū mù。
shí 'èr yuè yù zōng rén fǔ:“ xiánsǎn zōng shì, cái lì gànjì, jīng yú qí shè, jí pín wú shēng jì zhě, gè chá shí yǐ wén。”
kāng xī
èr yuè dì
sì yuè chē jià zhù jiāng níng, yuè bīng。
wǔ yuè chē jià cì zhòng jiā zhá, shū“ shèng mén zhī zhé” é, xuán xiān xián zǐ lù cí。
rùn qī yuè fēi zhāng jiā shì shì, shì wéi mǐn fēi。 chéng jùn wáng yìn zhǐ wéi qí suǒ shēng, bù jí bǎi rì tì fā, jiàng wéi bèi lè。
shí yuè shì yǒng dìng hé gōng chéng, mìng zhí jùn wáng yìn zhī shuài lǐng bā qí bīng dīng xié zhù xiū yǒng dìng hé dī。
kāng xī
zhēngyuè yuè shì yǒng dìng hé gōng chéng。
èr yuè qīn zì zhǐ shì xiū yǒng dìng hé fāng lüè。 mìng fèi yáng gǔ、 yī sāng 'ā kǎo shì zōng shì zǐ dì qí shè。
liù yuè jiàn hǎi shén miào。 tíng zōng shì kē jǔ。
shí yuè huáng tài hòu liù xún wàn shòu jié, kāng xī dì zhì《 wàn shòu wú jiāng fù》, qīn shū wéi píng jìn xiàn。 xún yuè yǒng dìng hé。
shí yī yuè mìng zhuó yì guān rú xíng qǔ lì yǐn jiàn。
kāng xī sì shí nián( 1701 nián xīn sì)
zhēngyuè yǐ hé bó xiào líng, fēng wéi jīn lóng sì dà wáng。
wǔ yuè yù shǐ zhāng yuàn qǐng huǐ qián míng nèi jiān wèi zhōng xián mù, cóng zhī。
kāng xī sì shí yī nián( 1702 nián rén wǔ)
zhēngyuè zhào xiū guó zǐ jiān。
liù yuè kāng xī dì zhì《 xùn chì shì zǐ wén》, bān fā zhí shěng, lè shí xué gōng。
jiǔ yuè dì sì cì nán xún。
shí yuè xíng zhì dé zhōu, huáng tài zǐ bìng, zhōng tú huí luán。
shí yī yuè mìng xiū yǔ líng。
shì nián xiàn zhì wài guān suí dài jiā kǒu rén shù。
kāng xī sì shí 'èr nián( 1703 nián guǐ wèi)
zhēngyuè dà xué shì zhū chén zhù hè kāng xī dì wǔ xún wàn shòu, jìn“ wàn shòu wú jiāng” píng fēng, què zhī, jǐn shōu qí xiě cè。 nán xún, yuè shì huáng hé。
wǔ yuè yù qīn wáng fú quán yòu jí, kāng xī dì lián rì shì zhī。 nèi dà chén suǒ 'é tú tiǎo suō huáng tài zǐ, bèi xuān bù wéi“ tiān xià dì yī zuì rén”, jū jìn yú zōng rén fǔ。
liù yuè xún xìng sài wài。
shí yuè xī xún shān shǎn zhū shěng, mìng huáng
shí yī yuè cì hóng tóng, qiǎn guān jì nǚ wā líng。 qiǎn guān jì xī yuè。 zhù xī 'ān, yuè zhù fáng guān bīng jiào shè。
shí 'èr yuè cì cí zhōu, yù shū“ xián zhé yí xiū” é xuán xiān xián zǐ gòng mù。
kāng xī sì shí
èr yuè fēng huái shén wéi cháng yuán yòu shùn dà huái zhī shén, yù shū“ líng dòu 'ān lán” é xuán zhī。
sì yuè mìng shì wèi lā xī chá shì huáng hé hé yuán。
liù yuè cì sì pǐn diǎn yí líng zhù nǚ niǔ hù lù shì yú huáng sì zǐ yìn zhēn yú fān dǐ。 yú wǔ yīng diàn kāi jú xiū《 pèi wén yùn fǔ》
shí yuè bān nèi zhì tóng dǒu tóng shēng yú hù bù, mìng yǐ tiě zhì bān xíng。
shí yī yuè gào jiè xiū《 míng shǐ》 shǐ chén hé gōng lùn, míng shì fēi, yǐ chéng xìn shǐ。
shí 'èr yuè yǐ yù zhì shī jí cì tíng chén。
kāng xī sì shí sì nián( 1705 nián yǐ yǒu)
zhēngyuè《 gǔ wén yuān jiàn》 chéng, bān cì tíng chén, jí yú xué gōng。
èr yuè kāng xī dì dì wǔ cì nán xún yuè hé。 yán jìn tàijiàn yǔ gè gōng nǚ zǐ rèn qīn qī、 shū bó、 jiě mèi, wéi zhě zhì yú zhòng diǎn。
shí yuè chóngxiū huá yīn xī yuè miào chéng, shàng zhì bēi wén。
shí yī yuè guó zǐ jiān luò chéng, yù shū“ yí lún táng” é。
shì nián kāng xī dì yǔ luó mǎ jiào tíng fā shēng chōng tū, qīng xiàng jìn jiào。
kāng xī sì shí wǔ nián( 1706 nián bǐng xū)
wǔ yuè xún xìng sài wài。 jiàn bì shǔ shān zhuāng yú rè hé, wéi měi nián qiū xiǎn zhù bì xíng gōng。
liù yuè zhào xiū《 gōng chén chuán》。
qī yuè shàng zhù bì rè hé。
shí yuè xíng wǔ diàn shì。
shí yī yuè dá lài lá má yuán jì, qí xià dì bā yǐn nì, yòu lì jiǎ dá lài, lā cáng hàn shā dì bā 'ér xiàn wěi dá lài。
kāng xī sì shí liù nián( 1707 nián dīng hài)
zhēngyuè kāng xī dì dì liù cì nán xún。
liù yuè xún xìng sài wài。 huáng
qī yuè zhù bì rè hé。 xún xìng zhū měnggǔ bù luò。
kāng xī sì shí qī nián( 1708 nián wù zǐ)
zhēngyuè chóngxiū nán yuè miào chéng, yù zhì bēi wén。
sì yuè bǔ huò míng chóng zhēn dì hòu yì, nián yǐ qī xún de zhū
liù yuè zhù bì rè hé。《 qīng wén jiàn》 chéng, shàng zhì xù wén。
qī yuè《 píng dìng shuò mò fāng lüè》 chéng, shàng zhì xù wén。
jiǔ yuè zhào jí tíng chén yú xíng gōng, xuān shì huáng tài zǐ yìn réng zuì zhuàng, mìng jū zhí zhī, sòng jīng yōu jìn。 hái jīng。 fèi huáng tài zǐ yìn réng, bān shì tiān xià。
shí yuè yì zhèng dà chén huì yì, yì huáng bā zǐ yìn sì móu qiú chǔ wèi zuì, xuē qí bèi lè jué。
shí yī yuè huáng
shí 'èr yuè shè jú xiào kān《 píng dìng shuò mò fāng lüè》, zì shì měi cì dà zhàn hòu jūn xiū fāng lüè。
kāng xī sì shí bā nián( 1709 nián jǐ chǒu)
zhēngyuè zhào jí tíng chén, shěn wèn shuí wéi shǒu chàng lì yìn sì zhě, qún chén huáng kǒng。 nǎi wèn zhāng tíng yù, duì yuē“ wén zhī mǎ qí”, cì rì, liè mǎ qí zuì zhuàng, yòu sǐ jū jìn。 hòu chá qí yòu wū, shì fàng mǎ qí。
sì yuè yí jìn yìn zhī yú gōng suǒ, qiǎn guān shuài bīng jiān shǒu。
shí yuè cè fēng huáng
kāng xī sì shí jiǔ nián( 1710 nián gēng yín)
zhēngyuè huáng tài hòu qī xún wàn shòu, yù lǐ bù:“ mǎ kè shì wǔ, nǎi mǎn zhōu yán yàn dà lǐ, diǎn zhì lóng zhòng。 jīn suì huáng tài hòu qī xún dà qìng, zhèn yì wǔ shí yòu qī, yù qīn wǔ chēng shāng。” mìng kān kè《 yuān jiàn lèi hán》 sì shí sì bù。 mìng xiū《 mǎn hàn hé bì qīng wén jiàn》。
èr yuè xún xìng wǔ tái shān。
shí yuè xià zhào, zì kāng xī wǔ shí nián kāi shǐ, pǔ miǎn tiān xià qián liáng,
kāng xī wǔ shí nián( 1711 nián xīn mǎo)
zhēngyuè shì chá tōng zhōu hé dī。
èr yuè yuè kuāng 'ér gǎng, mìng jiàn tiǎo shuǐ bà, cì hé xī wù, kāng xī dì dēng 'àn xíng liǎng lǐ xǔ, qīn zhì yí qì, dìng fāng xiàng, dǐng chūn mù, yǐ jì zhàngliáng zhī chù。
qī yuè qiū xiǎn mù lán。
bā yuè huáng sì zǐ yìn zhēn dì sì zǐ hóng lì( jí hòu lái de qián lóng huáng dì) chū shēng, mǔ wéi sì pǐn diǎn yí líng zhù nǚ niǔ hù lù shì; dì wǔ zǐ hóng zhòu shēng, mǔ wéi guǎn lǐng gěng dé zhī nǚ gé gé gěng shì。
shí yuè mìng zhāng péng hé zhì yù yáng zhōu, chǔzhì jiāng nán kē chǎng 'àn。
kāng xī wǔ shí yī nián( 1712 nián rén chén)
zhēngyuè mìng nèi wài dà chén jù zhé chén shì。 zòu zhé zì cǐ shǐ。
èr yuè mìng zhuó yì wǔ guān zhào wén guān yǐn jiàn。 zhào yuē:“ chéng píng rì jiǔ, shēng chǐ rì fán。 sì hòu zī shēng hù kǒu, wú yōng gèng chū dīng qián, jí yǐ běn nián dīng shù wéi dìng 'é, zhù wéi lìng。” cǐ wéi“ zī shēng rén dīng yǒng bù jiā fù” zhèng cè。
sì yuè zhào míng nián liù xún wàn shòu, èr yuè tè xíng xiāng shì, bā yuè huì shì。
jiǔ yuè huáng tài zǐ yìn réng fù yǐ zuì fèi, jìn gù yú xián 'ān gōng。
shí yī yuè yǐ fù fèi tài zǐ gào miào, xuān shì tiān xià。
kāng xī wǔ shí 'èr nián( 1713 nián guǐ sì)
èr yuè dà chén zhào shēn qiáo shū yán tài zǐ guó běn, yìng xíng cè lì。 shàng yǐ jiàn chǔ dà shì, wèi kě qīng dìng, xuān yù tíng chén, yǐ yuán shū hái zhī yú yǐ fǒu jué。
qī yuè zhào zōng rén xuē shǔ jí zhě, zǐ sūn fēn bié xì hóng dài、 zǐ dài, zài míng《 yù dié》。
shì nián zhào xiū《 lǜ lǚ》 zhū shū, yú chàng chūn yuán méng yǎng zhāi lì guǎn, qiú hǎi nèi chàng xiǎo lè lǜ zhě。
kāng xī wǔ shí
zhēngyuè mìng xiū tán miào diàn tíng yuèqì。
èr yuè qián shàng shū wáng hóng xù jìn《 míng shǐ lièzhuàn》 èr bǎi bā shí juàn, mìng fù shǐ guǎn。
shí yuè mìng dà xué shì、 nán shū fáng hàn lín kǎo dìng yuèzhāng。
shí yī yuè chéng qīn wáng yìn zhǐ děng yǐ yù zhì《 lǜ lǚ zhèng yì》 jìn chéng, dé zhǐ:“ lǜ lǚ、 lì fǎ、 suàn fǎ
kāng xī wǔ shí sì nián( 1715 nián yǐ wèi)
zhēngyuè zhào bèi lè yìn sì、 yán shòu nì zhí, tíng shí fèng。
shí yuè yù dà xué shì:“ zhèn yòu shǒu bìng bù néng xiě zì, yòng zuǒ shǒu zhí bǐ pī dá zòu zhé, qī yú bù xiè lòu yě。”
shí yī yuè fèi tài zǐ yìn réng yǐ fán shuǐ zuò shū, zhǔ dà chén pǔ qí jǔ jǐ wéi dàjiàng jūn, shì fā, pǔ qí huò zuì。
shì nián tíng gěi huáng bā zǐ yìn sì jué fèng。 yú jīng jī xiǎo tānɡ shān jiàn tānɡ shān xíng gōng。
kāng xī wǔ shí wǔ nián( 1716 nián bǐng shēn)
shí yī yuè zhǔn gá 'ěr bù cè wàng 'ā lā bù tǎn huò luàn xīzàng。
shì nián xiào kān《 kāng xī zì diǎn》, kāng xī dì zì wéi xù。
kāng xī wǔ shí liù nián( 1717 nián dīng yǒu)
zhēngyuè xiū《 zhōu yì zhé zhōng》 chéng, bān xíng xué gōng。
wǔ yuè jiǔ qīng yì wáng bèi lè chāirén chū wài, chá wú kān hé, jí xíng cān jiū。
qī yuè cè wàng 'ā lā bù tǎn qiǎn jiāng qīn rǎo xīzàng, shā lā cáng hàn, qiú qí suǒ lì dá lài。
shí yī yuè huáng tài hòu bù yù, shàng shěng jí cí níng gōng。 fā bù zhào shū, huí gù yī shēng, chǎn shù wéi jūn zhī nán; bìng yán zì jīn chūn kāi shǐ yòu tóuyūn zhī zhèng, xíng jiàn xiāo shòu; tè zhào zhū zǐ zhū qīng xiáng yì lì chǔ dà shì。
shí 'èr yuè huáng tài hòu shì。 kāng xī dì yì bìng qī shí yú rì, jiǎo miàn fú zhǒng。
shì nián jìn fù nán yáng mào yì, fù dōng yáng zhě zhào jiù。
kāng xī wǔ shí qī nián( 1718 nián wù xū)
èr yuè hàn lín yuàn jiǎn tǎo zhū tiān bǎo shàng shū qǐng fù lì yìn réng wéi huáng tài zǐ, kāng xī dì yú xíng gōng xùn chì zhī, yǐ qí zhī 'ér wéi zhǐ shàng zòu, shí nǎi bù zhōng bù xiào zhī rén, mìng zhū zhī。
sì yuè zàng xiào huì zhāng huáng hòu yú xiào dōng líng。
qī yuè xiū《 xǐngfāng shèng diǎn》。
shí yuè mìng huáng shí sì zǐ yìn tí wéi fǔ yuǎn dàjiàng jūn, jìn jūn qīng hǎi。 mìng hàn lín、 kē dào guān rù zhí。 mìng huáng qī zǐ yìn yòu、 huáng shí zǐ yìn、 huáng shí 'èr zǐ yìn táo fēn lǐ zhèng huáng、 zhèng bái、 zhèng lán mǎn méng hàn
shí 'èr yuè xiào huì zhāng huáng hòu shēng fù tài miào, wèi yú xiào kāng zhāng huáng hòu zhī zuǒ, bān zhào tiān xià。 jìn hé pín wéi hé fēi, cè fēng shù fēi wáng shì wéi mì pín, chén shì wéi qín pín, fēng shì zǔ dào fēi zhī zhí nǚ bó 'ěr jì jí tè shì wéi xuān fēi, cè fēng dài jiā shì wéi chéng fēi, hā liú hā shì wéi dìng pín。
kāng xī wǔ shí bā nián( 1719 nián jǐ hài)
zhēngyuè zhào lì gōng zhī chén tuì xián, shì zhí zhǔn zǐ dì chéng xí, ruò wú chéng xí zhī rén, gěi fèng zhōng qí shēn。
èr yuè xué shì jiǎng tíng xī biǎo jìn《 huáng yú quán lǎn tú》, bān cì tíng chén。
sì yuè mìng fǔ yuǎn dàjiàng jūn yìn tí zhù shī xī níng。
shí yuè mìng méng yǎng zhāi jǔ rén wáng lán shēng xiū《 zhèng yīn yùn tú》
kāng xī wǔ shí jiǔ nián( 1720 nián gēng zǐ)
èr yuè cè fēng xīn hú bì lè hǎn wéi liù shì dá lài lá má, jié shù liǎo wǔ shì dá lài lá má zhī hòu de xīzàng zōng jiào lǐng xiù bù dìng de jú miàn。
shí yuè zhào fǔ yuǎn dàjiàng jūn yìn tí huì yì míng nián shī qī。 huáng
kāng xī liù shí nián( 1721 nián xīn chǒu)
zhēngyuè kāng xī dì yǐ yù jí liù shí nián, qiǎn huáng sì zǐ yìn zhēn、 huáng shí 'èr zǐ yìn táo、 shì zǐ hóng shèng jì yǒng líng、 fú líng、 zhāo líng。
sì yuè zhào lí dìng lì dài dì wáng miào chóng sì sì diǎn。
jiǔ yuè shàng zhì píng dìng xīzàng bēi wén。
shí yuè zhào fǔ yuǎn dàjiàng jūn yìn tí lái jīng。
kāng xī liù shí yī nián( 1722 nián rén yín)
zhēngyuè jǔ xíng qiān sǒu yàn, kāng xī dì fù shī, zhū chén shǔ hé, tí yuē《 qiān sǒu yàn shī》。
shí yuè mìng yōng qīn wáng yìn zhēn děng shì chá cāng chǔ。
shí zhēngyuè kāng xī dì bù yù, hái zhù chàng chūn yuán。 mìng huáng sì zǐ yìn zhēn gōng dài sì tiān。 bìng shì。 jí xī yí rù dà nèi fā sàng。 yí zhào huáng sì zǐ yìn zhēn jì wèi, shì wèi yōng zhèng dì。 yí zhào zhēn wěi, yǐn fā jì wèi zhī mí。 yǐ bèi lè yìn sì、 huáng shí
shí 'èr yuè fēng yǔn sì wéi lián qīn wáng, shòu lǐ fān yuàn shàng shū, yǔn xiáng wéi yí qīn wáng, yǔn táo wéi lǚ jùn wáng, yǐ fèi tài zǐ yǔn réng zhī zǐ hóng xī wéi lǐ jùn wáng, yǐ lóng kē duō wéi lì bù shàng shū。 yí tài fēi chēng bìng zuò sì rén ruǎn tà jiàn yōng zhèng dì 'ér shòu xùn chì。 shǐ shòu tàijiàn guān jí, dìng wǔ pǐn zǒng guǎn yī rén, wǔ pǐn tàijiàn
zhù: cǐ biǎo 'àn nián hào jì nián pái dìng, gōng yuán jì nián zhǐ kuò zhù dào nián
kāng xī shēn biān de dà chén
qián qī de sì dà fǔ zhèng dà chén
suǒ ní, sū kè sà hā, áo bài, è mì lóng。
zhōng qī
yáo qǐ shèng
shī láng: yuán shì míng cháo jiāng jūn, hòu guī qīng。 jīng tōng shuǐ zhàn。
wèi dōng tíng: kāng xī shēn biān qīn xìn, dà zhōng chén。 shì zuò jiā 'èr yuè hé xiǎo shuō lǐ chuàng zào de rén wù, yuán xíng mào shì cáo yín
míng zhū
yú chéng lóng
lǐ guāng dì ......
zhōu péi gōng: bāng zhù kāng xī chū móu huá cè
kāng xī hòu qī:
láng shì níng
zhāng tíng yù
píng jià
yòu zhuān jiā zhǐ chū, qīng cháo zhōng hòu qī guó lì kāi shǐ yuǎn yuǎn luò hòu yú xī fāng, zhè gēn kāng xī wǎn nián de mò shǒu chén guī, quē fá chuàng xīn, yòu zhe bù kě tuī xiè de zé rèn。 shǐ xué jiā shǐ jǐng qiān pī píng kāng xī yòu
lìng wài, liáng qǐ chāo、 shào lì zǐ děng rén rèn wéi, kāng xī zài wèi shí duì xī fāng kē jì hěn gǎn xīng qù bìng qiě hái zhǎng wò liǎo hěn duō, dàn tā què yán jìn zì jǐ zhī wài de rén xué xí, yīn wéi tā dān xīn xiān jìn de xī fāng kē jì yī dàn chuán kāi, jiāng huì jí dà de dòng yáo yǐ qí shè qǐ jiā de mǎn qīng de tǒng zhì, jù chuán jiào shì zhāng chéng( J.F.Gerbillon) de rì jì, kāng xī bù zhǔn chuán jiào shì zài yòu hàn rén hé méng rén de yá mén lǐ fān yì rèn hé kē xué wén xiàn。 ér cǐ jǔ yě yī dìng chéng dù shàng zào chéng liǎo yǐ hàn zú wéi dài biǎo de zhōng huá wén míng de shuāi luò。 liáng qǐ chāo shuō, kāng xī de kē xué shì yòng lái dǎ jī tā rén de yī gè gōng jù,“ jiù suàn tā bù shì yòu xīn zhì sài mín zhì, yě bù néng bù suàn tā shī cè”。
lì shǐ xiǎo shuō jiā gāo yáng zé shuō kāng xī yòu liǎng dà quē diǎn, yī shì zài chuán wèi wèn tí shàng, shǐ zhōng yóu yù bù jué; èr shì“ hǎo míng”, ér qiě hǎo yǔ chén xià zhēng míng。
1^ shǐ jǐng qiān,《 kāng xī zì huà xiàng》 (EmperorofChina:Self-PortraitofK'angHsi)
2^ wāng róng zǔ, 〈 shǐ jǐng qiān lùn 〉
3^ xí zé zōng:“ lùn kāng xī kē xué zhèng cè de shī wù”,《 gǔ xīn xīng xīn biǎo hé kē xué shǐ tàn suǒ》, 2002
Kangxi's reign of 61 years makes him the longest-reigning Chinese emperor in history (although his grandson, the Qianlong Emperor, had the longest period of de facto power) and one of the longest-reigning rulers in the world. However, having ascended the throne at the age of seven, he was not the effective ruler until later, with that role temporarily fulfilled for six years by four regents and his grandmother, the Grand Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang.
Kangxi is considered one of China's greatest emperors. He suppressed the Revolt of the Three Feudatories, forced the Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan to submit to Qing rule, blocked Tzarist Russia on the Amur River and expanded the empire in the northwest. He also accomplished such literary feats as the compilation of the Kangxi Dictionary.
Kangxi's reign brought about long-term stability and relative wealth after years of war and chaos. He initiated the period known as the "Prosperous Era of Kangxi and Qianlong", which lasted for generations after his own lifetime. By the end of his reign, the Qing Empire controlled all of China proper, Taiwan, Manchuria, part of the Russian Far East (Outer Manchuria), both Inner and Outer Mongolia, Tibet proper, and Joseon Korea as a protectorate.
Early reign
Portrait of Young Kangxi Emperor in Court DressBorn on 4 May 1654 to the Shunzhi Emperor and Empress Xiaokangzhang, Kangxi was originally given the personal name Xuanye (Chinese: 玄燁; Manchu language: ᡥᡳᠣᠸᠠᠨ ᠶᡝᡳ; Möllendorff transliteration: hiowan yei). He was enthroned at the age of seven (or eight by East Asian age reckoning), on 7 February 1661, 12 days after his father's death, although his reign formally began on 18 February 1662, the first day of the following lunar year.
According to some accounts, Shunzhi gave up the throne to Kangxi and became a monk. Several alternative explanations are given for this: one is that it was due to the death of his favorite concubine; another is that he was under the influence of a Buddhist monk. The story goes that Shunzhi did indeed became a monk, but the empress dowager ordered the deletion of the incident from official history records, and replacement with the claim that he died from smallpox.
Before Kangxi came to the throne, Grand Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang (in the name of Shunzhi Emperor) had appointed the powerful men Sonin, Suksaha, Ebilun, and Oboi as regents. Sonin died after his granddaughter became Empress Xiaochengren, leaving Suksaha at odds with Oboi in politics. In a fierce power struggle, Oboi had Suksaha put to death and seized absolute power as sole regent. Kangxi and the rest of the imperial court acquiesced in this arrangement.
In 1669, Kangxi had Oboi arrested with the help of Grand Dowager Empress Xiaozhuang, who had raised him and began taking personal control of the empire. He listed three issues of concern: flood control of the Yellow River; repair of the Grand Canal; the Revolt of the Three Feudatories in south China. The Grand Empress Dowager influenced him greatly and he took care of her himself in the months leading up to her death in 1688.
Military achievement
Army
The Emperor mounted on his horse and guarded by his bodyguards.The main army of the Qing Empire, the Eight Banners Army, was in decline under Kangxi. It was smaller than it had been at its peak under Hong Taiji and in the early reign of the Shunzhi Emperor; however, it was larger than in the Yongzheng and Qianlong emperors' reigns. In addition, the Green Standard Army was still powerful with generals such as Tuhai, Fei Yanggu, Zhang Yong, Zhou Peigong, Shi Lang, Mu Zhan, Shun Shike and Wang Jingbao.
The Kangxi Emperor in ceremonial armor, armed with bow and arrows, and surrounded by bodyguardsThe main reason for this decline was a change in system between Kangxi and Qianlong's reigns. Kangxi continued using the traditional military system implemented by his predecessors, which was more efficient and stricter. According to the system, a commander who returned from a battle alone (with all his men dead) would be put to death, and likewise for a foot soldier. This was meant to motivate both commanders and soldiers alike to fight valiantly in war because there was no benefit for the sole survivor in a battle.
By Qianlong's reign, military commanders had become lax and the training of the army was deemed less important as compared to during the previous emperors' reigns. This was because commanders' statuses had become hereditary; a general gained his position based on the contributions of his forefathers.
Revolt of the Three FeudatoriesFurther information: Revolt of the Three Feudatorie
In the spring of 1662, the regents ordered a Great Clearance in southern China to counter a resistance movement started by Ming loyalists under the leadership of Koxinga. This involved the forced migration of entire populations in the coastal regions of inland southern China.
In 1673, the Revolt of the Three Feudatories broke out. Wu Sangui's forces overran most of southwest China and he tried to ally himself with local generals such as Wang Fuchen. Kangxi employed generals such as Zhou Peigong and Tuhai to suppress the rebellion, and also granted clemency to the common people who were caught up in the war. He intended to personally lead the armies to crush the rebels but his subjects advised him against it. The revolt ended with victory for Qing forces in 1681.
Kingdom of TungningIn 1683, the Kingdom of Tungning was defeated by Qing naval forces under the command of admiral Shi Lang at the Battle of Penghu. Zheng Keshuang, ruler of Tungning, surrendered a few days later, and Taiwan was annexed by the Qing Empire. Soon afterwards, the coastal regions of southern China were ordered to be repopulated. In addition, to encourage settlers, the Qing government granted financial incentives to families that settled there.
VietnamIn 1673, Kangxi's government helped to mediate a truce in the Trịnh–Nguyễn War in Vietnam, which had been ongoing for 45 years since 1627. The peace treaty that was signed between the conflicting parties lasted for 101 years until 1774.
RussiaMain article: Russian–Manchu border conflict
European couple, Kangxi periodIn the 1650s, the Qing Empire engaged the Russian Empire in a series of border conflicts along the Amur River region, which concluded with victory for the Qing side. After the Siege of Albazin, he gained control of the area.
The Russians invaded the northern frontier again in the 1680s. After a series of battles and negotiations, both sides signed the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689, in which a border was fixed, and the Amur River valley given to the Qing Empire.
MongolsIn 1675, Burni of the Chahar Mongols started a rebellion against the Qing Empire. The revolt was crushed within two months and the Chahars were incorporated in the Manchu Eight Banners.
The Khalkha Mongols had preserved their independence, and only paid tribute to the Qing Empire. However, a conflict between the houses of Tümen Jasagtu Khan and Tösheetü Khan led to a dispute between the Khalkha and the Dzungars over the influence of Tibetan Buddhism. In 1688, as the Khalkhas were fighting wars with Russian Cossacks in the north of their territory, the Dzungar chief, Galdan Boshugtu Khan, attacked the Khalkha from the west and invaded their territory. The Khalkha royal families and the first Jebtsundamba Khutuktu crossed the Gobi Desert and sought help from the Qing Empire in return for submission to Qing authority. In 1690, the Dzungars and Qing forces clashed at the Battle of Ulaan Butun in Inner Mongolia, in which the Qing eventually emerged as the victor.
The Kangxi Emperor at the age of 45, painted in 1699In 1696, Kangxi personally led three armies, totaling 80,000 in strength, in a campaign against the Dzungars. The western section of the Qing army defeated Galdan's forces at the Battle of Jao Modo and Galdan died in the following year.
The Dzungars continued to threaten the Qing Empire and invaded Tibet in 1717. In response to the deposition of the Dalai Lama and his replacement with Lha-bzang Khan in 1706, they took control of Lhasa with a 6,000 strong army and removed Lha-bzang from power. They held on to the city for two years and defeated a Qing army sent to the region in 1718. The Qing did not take control of Lhasa until 1720, when Kangxi sent a larger force there to defeat the Dzungars.
Economic achievement
The contents of the national treasury during Kangxi's reign were:
1668 (7th year of Kangxi): 14,930,000 tael
1692: 27,385,631 tael
1702–1709: approximately 50,000,000 taels with little variation during this period
1710: 45,880,000 tael
1718: 44,319,033 tael
1720: 39,317,103 tael
1721 (60th year of Kangxi, second last of his reign): 32,622,421 tael
The reasons for the declining trend in the later years of Kangxi's reign were a huge expenditure on military campaigns and an increase in corruption.
To fix the problem, Kangxi gave Prince Yong (the future Yongzheng Emperor) advice on how to make the economy more efficient.
Cultural achievements
A vase from the early Kangxi period (Musée Guimet)During his reign, Kangxi ordered the compilation of a dictionary of Chinese characters, which became known as the Kangxi Dictionary. This was seen as an attempt by Kangxi to gain support from the Han Chinese scholar-bureaucrats, as many of them initially refused to serve him and remained loyal to the Ming Dynasty. However, by persuading the scholars to work on the dictionary without asking them to formally serve the Qing imperial court, Kangxi led them to gradually taking on greater responsibilities until they were assuming the duties of state officials.
In 1705, on Kangxi's order, a compilation of Tang poetry, the Quantangshi, was produced.
Kangxi also was interested in Western technology and wanted to import them to China. This was done through Jesuit missionaries, such as Ferdinand Verbiest, whom Kangxi frequently summoned for meetings, or Karel Slavíček, who made the first precise map of Beijing on Kangxi's order.
From 1711 to 1723, Matteo Ripa, an Italian priest sent to China by the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, worked as a painter and copper-engraver at the Qing court. In 1723, he returned to Naples from China with four young Chinese Christians, in order to groom them to become priests and send them back to China as missionaries. This marked the beginning of the Collegio dei Cinesi, sanctioned by Pope Clement XII to help the propagation of Christianity in China. This Chinese Institute was the first school of Sinology in Europe, which would later develop to become the Instituto Orientale and the present day Naples Eastern University.
Kangxi was also the first Chinese emperor to play a western musical instrument. He employed Karel Slavíček as court musician. Slavíček was playing Spinet; later Kangxi would play on it himself. He also invented a Chinese calendar.
ChristianityMain article: Chinese Rites controversy
Jesuit astronomers of the Jesuit China missions, with the Kangxi Emperor (Beauvais, 1690–1705)In the early decades of Kangxi's reign, Jesuits played a large role in the imperial court. With their knowledge of astronomy, they ran the imperial observatory. Jean-François Gerbillon and Thomas Pereira served as translators for the negotiations of the Treaty of Nerchinsk. Kangxi was grateful to the Jesuits for their contributions, the many languages they could interpret, and the innovations they offered his military in gun manufacturing and artillery, the latter of which enabled the Qing Empire to conquer the Kingdom of Tungning.
Kangxi was also fond of the Jesuits' respectful and unobtrusive manner; they spoke the Chinese language well, and wore the silk robes of the elite. In 1692, when Fr. Thomas Pereira requested tolerance for Christianity, Kangxi was willing to oblige, and issued the Edict of Toleration, which recognized Catholicism, barred attacks on their churches, and legalized their missions and the practice of Christianity by the Chinese people.
However, controversy arose over whether Chinese Christians could still take part in traditional Confucian ceremonies and ancestor worship, with the Jesuits arguing for tolerance and the Dominicans taking a hard-line against foreign "idolatry". The Dominican position won the support of Pope Clement XI, who in 1705 sent Charles-Thomas Maillard De Tournon as his representative to Kangxi, to communicate the ban on Chinese rites. On 19 March 1715, Pope Clement XI issued the papal bull Ex illa die, which officially condemned Chinese rites.
In response, Kangxi officially forbade Christian missions in China, as they were "causing trouble".
Disputed succession
The Kangxi Emperor on a tour, seated prominently on the deck of a junkThe matter of Kangxi's will is one of the "Four Greatest Mysteries of the Qing Dynasty". To this day, whom Kangxi chose as his successor is still a topic of debate amongst historians: on the face of things, he chose Yinzhen, the fourth prince, who later became the Yongzheng Emperor, and indeed there is strong evidence that this is correct.
However many have claimed that Yinzhen forged the will, and that in reality the 14th prince Yinti, had been chosen as the successor.
Kangxi's first spouse, Empress Xiaochengren, gave birth to his second surviving son Yinreng, who at the age of two was named crown prince, a Han Chinese custom, to ensure stability during a time of chaos in the south. Although Kangxi left the education of several of his sons to others, he personally oversaw the upbringing of Yinreng, intending to groom him into a perfect heir. Yinreng was tutored by the mandarin Wang Shan, who remained devoted to him, and spent the later years of his life trying to persuade Kangxi to restore Yinreng as the crown prince.
Yinreng did not prove himself to be worthy of the succession despite his father showing favoritism towards him. He was said to have beaten and killed his subordinates, and was alleged to have had sexual relations with one of his father's concubines, which was deemed as incest and a capital offence. Yinreng also purchased young children from Jiangsu to satisfy his pedophiliac pleasure. In addition, Yinreng's supporters, led by Songgotu, gradually formed a "Crown Prince Party" (太子黨), that aimed to help Yinreng get the throne as soon as possible, even if it meant using unlawful methods.
The seated Kangxi EmperorOver the years, Kangxi kept constant watch over Yinreng and became aware of his son's many flaws, while their relationship gradually deteriorated. In 1707, Kangxi decided that he could no longer tolerate Yinreng's behavior, which he partially mentioned in the imperial edict as "too embarrassing to be spoken of",
and decided to strip Yinreng off his position as crown prince. Kangxi placed his oldest surviving son, Yinzhi, in charge of overseeing Yinreng's house arrest. However, Yinzhi attempted to sabotage Yinreng numerous times and requested for his father to order Yinreng's execution. Kangxi was enraged and stripped Yinzhi of his titles. Kangxi advised his subjects to stop debating about the succession issue, and despite attempts to reduce rumours and speculation as to who the new crown prince might be, the imperial court's daily activities were disrupted. Apart from that, Yinzhi's actions also caused Kangxi to suspect that Yinreng might have been framed, hence Kangxi restored Yinreng as crown prince in 1709, with the support of the 4th and 13th princes, and on the excuse that Yinreng had previously acted under the influence of mental illness.
A turtle-based stele with the Kangxi Emperor's inscription, erected in 1699 at the Nanjing mausoleum of the Hongwu Emperor, honouring the founder of the preceding Ming Dynasty as surpassing the founders of the Tang and Song dynasties.In 1712, during Kangxi's last inspection tour to the south, Yinreng, who was put in charge of state affairs during his father's absence, tried to vie for power again with his supporters. He allowed an attempt at forcing Kangxi to abdicate when his father returned to Beijing. However, Kangxi received news of the planned coup d'etat, and was so angry that he deposed Yinreng and placed him under house arrest again. After the incident, Kangxi announced that he would not appoint any of his sons as crown prince for the remainder of his reign. He stated that he would place his Imperial Valedictory Will inside a box in the Palace of Heavenly Purity, which will only be opened after his death.
Death and successionFollowing the deposition of the crown prince, Kangxi implemented groundbreaking changes in the political landscape. The 13th prince, Yinxiang, was placed under house arrest as well for cooperating with Yinreng. The eighth prince Yinsi was stripped off all his titles and only had them restored years later. The 14th prince Yinti, whom many considered to be the most likely candidate to succeed Kangxi, was sent on a military campaign during the political conflict. Yinsi, along with the ninth and tenth princes, Yintang and Yin'e, pledged their support to Yinti.
In the evening of 20 December 1722 before his death, Kangxi called seven of his sons to assemble at his bedside. They were the third, fourth, eight, ninth, tenth, 16th and 17th princes. After Kangxi died, Longkodo announced that Kangxi had selected the fourth prince, Yinzhen, as the new emperor. Yinzhen ascended to the throne and became known as the Yongzheng Emperor. Kangxi was entombed at the Eastern Tombs in Zunhua, Hebei.
Personality and achievementsKangxi was the great consolidator of the Qing Dynasty. The transition from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing was a cataclysm whose central event was the fall of the capital Beijing to the invading Manchus in 1644, and the installation of the five-year-old Shunzhi Emperor on their throne. By 1661, when Shunzhi died and was succeeded by Kangxi, the Qing conquest was almost complete and the leading Manchus were already adopting Chinese ways including Confucian ideology. Kangxi completed the conquest, suppressed all significant military threats and revived the ancient central government system with important modifications.
Kangxi was an inveterate workaholic, rising early and retiring late, reading and responding to numerous memorials every day, conferring with his councillors and giving audiences – and this was in normal times; in wartime, he might be reading memorials from the warfront until after midnight or even, as with the Dzungar conflict, away on campaign in person.
Kangxi devised a system of communication that circumvented the scholar-bureaucrats, who had a tendency to usurp the power of the emperor. This Palace Memorial System involved the transfer of secret messages between him and trusted officials in the provinces, where the messages were contained in locked boxes that only he and the official had access to. This started as a system for receiving uncensored extreme-weather reports, which the emperor regarded as divine comments on his rule. However, it soon evolved into a general-purpose secret "news channel". Out of this emerged a Grand Council, which dealt with extraordinary, especially military, events. The council was chaired by the emperor and manned by his more elevated Han Chinese household staff. From this council, the mandarin civil servants were excluded – they were left only with routine administration.
Kangxi managed to seduce the Confucian intelligentsia into co-operating with the Qing government, despite their deep reservations about Manchu rule, by encouraging them to sit the traditional civil service examinations, become mandarins and subsequently to compose lavishly conceived works of literature such the History of Ming, the Kangxi Dictionary, a phrase-dictionary, a vast encyclopedia and an even vaster compilation of Chinese literature. On a personal level, Kangxi was a cultivated man, steeped in Confucian learning.
In the one military campaign in which he actively participated, against the Dzungar Mongols, Kangxi showed himself an effective military commander. According to Finer, Kangxi's own written reflections allow one to experience "how intimate and caring was his communion with the rank-and-file, how discriminating and yet masterful his relationship with his generals".
As a result of the scaling down of hostilities as peace returned to China after the Manchu conquest, and also as a result of the ensuing rapid increase of population, land cultivation and therefore tax revenues based on agriculture, Kangxi was able first to make tax remissions, then in 1712 to freeze the land tax and corvée altogether, without embarrassing the state treasury.
FamilyFather: Shunzhi Emperor
Mother: Empress Xiaokangzhang (1640–1663). Her family was of Jurchen origin but had lived among the Chinese for generations. It had a Chinese family name, Tong (佟), but converted to the Manchu clan name Tongiya later. She was instated as the Empress Dowager Cihe (慈和皇太后) in 1661 when Kangxi became emperor. She is known posthumously as Empress Xiaokangzhang (Chinese: 孝康章皇后; Manchu: Hiyoošungga Nesuken Eldembuhe Hūwanghu).
ConsortsThe total number is approximately 64.
1.Empress Xiaochengren (died 1674) from the Heseri clan – married in 1665.
2.Empress Xiaozhaoren (Manchu: Hiyoošungga Genggiyen Gosin Hūwanghu) from the Niohuru clan.
3.Empress Xiaoyiren (Manchu: Hiyoošungga Fujurangga Gosin Hūwanghu) from the Tunggiya clan.
4.Empress Xiaogongren (Manchu: Hiyoošungga Gungnecuke Gosin Hūwanghu) from the Wuya clan.
5.Imperial Noble Consort Que Hui (1668–1743) from the Tunggiya clan, Empress Xiaoyiren's younger sister.
6.Imperial Noble Consort Dun Yi (1683–1768) from the Guwalgiya clan
7.Honored Imperial Noble Consort Jing Min (died 1699) from the Janggiya clan
8.Noble Consort Wen Xi (died 1695) from the Niuhuru clan, Empress Xiaozhaoren's younger sister.
9.Consort Shun Yi Mi (1668–1744) from the Wang clan was Han Chinese from origin.
10.Consort Chun Yu Qin (died 1754) from the Han Chinese Chen clan.
11.Consort Rong (died 1727) from the Magiya clan.
12.Consort Yi (died 1733) from the Gobulo clan.
13.Consort Hui (died 1732) from the Nala clan.
14.Consort Liang (died 1711) from the Wei clan.
15.Consort Cheng (died 1740) from the Daigiya clan.
16.Consort Xuan (died 1736) from the Mongol Borjigit clan.
17.Consort Ding (1661–1757) from the Wanliuha clan.
18.Consort Ping (died 1696) from the Heseri clan, Empress Xiaochengren's younger sister.
19.Consort Hui (died 1670) from the Borjigit clan.
SonsHaving the longest reign in Chinese history, Kangxi also has the most children of all Qing emperors. He had officially 24 sons and 12 daughters. The actual number is higher, as most of his children died from illness.
#1 Name2 Born Died Mother Notes
Chengrui
承瑞 5 November 1667 10 July 1670 Consort Rong Died young
Chenghu
承祜 4 January 1670 3 March 1672 Empress Xiaochengren Died young
Chengqing
承慶 21 March 1670 26 May 1671 Consort Hui Died young
Sayinchahun
賽音察渾 24 January 1672 6 March 1674 Consort Rong Died young
1 Yinzhi
胤禔 12 March 1672 7 January 1735 Consort Hui Created Prince Zhi of the Second Rank (直郡王) in 1698;
Stripped of his title in 1708;
Buried with honors due a Beizi
Changhua
長華 11 May 1674 12 May 1674 Consort Rong Died young
2 Yinreng
胤礽 6 June 1674 27 January 1725 Empress Xiaochengren Original name Baocheng (保成);
Created Crown Prince in 1675;
Stripped of his position in 1708;
Re-created Crown Prince in 1709;
Stripped of his position in 1712;
Posthumously created Prince Li of the First Rank
Changsheng
長生 12 August 1675 27 April 1677 Consort Rong Died young
Wanpu
萬黼 4 December 1675 11 March 1679 Imperial Concubine Tong Died young
3 Yinzhi
胤祉 23 March 1677 10 July 1732 Imperial Consort Rong Created Prince Cheng of the Second Rank (誠郡王) in 1698;
Demoted to a Beizi in 1730;
Original title posthumously restored;
Granted the posthumous name Yin (隱)
4 Yinzhen
胤禛 13 December 1678 8 October 1735 Empress Xiaogongren Created Prince Yong of the First Rank (雍親王) in 1709;
Ascended the throne as the Yongzheng Emperor on 27 December 1722
Yinzan
胤禶 10 April 1679 30 April 1680 Imperial Concubine Tong Died young
5 Yinqi
胤祺 5 January 1680 10 July 1732 Consort Yi Created Prince Heng of the First Rank (恆親王) in 1698;
Granted the posthumous name Wen (溫)
6 Yinzuo
胤祚 5 March 1680 15 June 1685 Empress Xiaogongren Died young
7 Yinyou
胤祐 19 August 1680 18 May 1730 Consort Cheng Created a Beile in 1698;
Elevated to Prince Chun of the Second Rank (淳郡王) in 1709;
Elevated further to Prince Chun of the First Rank (淳親王) in May 1723;
Granted the posthumous name Du (度)
8 Yinsi
胤禩 29 March 1681 5 October 1726 Consort Liang Created Prince Lian of the First Rank (廉親王) in 1723;
Stripped of his title and expelled from the imperial house in 1726;
Forced to rename himself Akina (阿其那) ("pig")
Posthumously restored in 1778
Yinju
胤䄔 13 September 1683 17 July 1684 Honored Lady Gorolo Died young
9 Yintang
胤禟 17 October 1683 22 September 1726 Consort Yi Created a Beizi in 1709;
Stripped of his title and expelled from the imperial house in 1725;
Forced to rename himself Sesihei (塞思黑) ("dog")
Posthumously restored in 1778
10 Yin’e
胤䄉 28 November 1683 18 October 1741 Noble Consort Wen Xi Created Prince Dun of the Second Rank (敦郡王) in 1709;
Stripped of his title in 1724;
Granted the title “Duke Who Assists the State" (輔國公) in 1737
11 Yinzi
胤禌 8 June 1685 22 August 1696 Consort Yi Died young
12 Yintao
胤祹 8 June 1685 2 September 1763 Consort Ding Created Prince Lü of the First Rank (履親王) in 1709;
Granted the posthumous name Yi (懿)
13 Yinxiang
胤祥 16 November 1686 18 June 1730 Imperial Noble Consort Jing Min Created Prince Yi of the First Rank (怡親王) in 1722;
Was one of the Qing Dynasty’s 12 iron-cap princes
14 Yinti
胤禵 16 January 1688 13 January 1756 Empress Xiaogongren Born Yinzhen (胤禎);
Created Prince Xun of the Second Rank (恂郡王) in 1723;
Granted the posthumous name Qin (勤)
Yinji
胤禨 23 February 1691 30 March 1691 Consort Ping Died young
15 Yinwu
胤禑 24 December 1693 8 March 1731 Consort Shun Yi Mi Created Prince Yu of the Second Rank (愉郡王) in 1726;
Granted the posthumous name Ke (恪)
16 Yinlu
胤祿 28 July 1695 20 March 1767 Consort Shun Yi Mi Adopted by Boguoduo, Prince Zhuang;
Inherited the title Prince Zhuang of the First Rank (莊親王) in 1723;
Granted the posthumous name Ke (恪)
17 Yinli
胤禮 24 March 1697 21 March 1738 Consort Chun Yu Qin Created Prince Guo of the Second Rank (果郡王) in 1723;
Granted the posthumous name Yi (毅)
18 Yinxie
胤祄 15 May 1701 17 October 1708 Consort Shun Yi Mi Died at the Chengde Mountain Resort from the mumps
19 Yinji
胤禝 25 October 1702 28 March 1704 Imperial Concubine Xiang Died young
20 Yinyi
胤禕 1 September 1706 30 June 1755 Imperial Concubine Xiang Created a Beile (貝勒) in 1726
21 Yinxi
胤禧 27 February 1711 26 June 1758 Imperial Concubine Xi Created Prince Shen of the Second Rank (慎郡王) in December 1735
22 Yinhu
胤祜 10 January 1712 12 February 1744 Imperial Concubine Jin Created a Beile in 1730;
Granted the posthumous name Gongqin (恭勤)
23 Yinqi
胤祁 14 January 1714 31 August 1785 Imperial Concubine Jing Created a Beile in 1730;
Granted the posthumous name Cheng (誠)
24 Yinmi
胤祕 5 July 1716 3 December 1773 Imperial Concubine Mu Created Prince Xian of the First Rank (諴親王) in 1733;
Granted the posthumous name Ke (恪)
Yinyuan
胤禐 2 March 1718 2/3 March 1718 Honored Lady Chen Died soon after birth
Notes: (1) The order by which the princes were referred to and recorded on official documents were dictated by the number they were assigned by the order of birth. This order was unofficial until 1677, when Kangxi decreed that all of his male descendants must adhere to a "generation code" as their middle character (see Chinese name). As a result of the new system, the former order was abolished, with Yinzhi, Prince Zhi becoming the First Prince, thus the current numerical order. (2) All of Kangxi's sons changed their names upon Yongzheng's accession in 1722 by modifying the first character from "胤" (yin) to "允" (yun) to avoid the nominal taboo of the emperor. Yinxiang was posthumously allowed to change his name back to Yinxiang. Yongzheng forced his two brothers to rename themselves, but his successor restored their names. There have been many studies on their meanings.
Daughters# Title Born Died Married Spouse Issue Mother
1 unnamed 23 December 1668 November 1671 Ordinary Consort Zhang
2 unnamed 17 April 1671 8 January 1674 Ordinary Consort Dong
3 State Princess Rongxian
固倫榮憲公主 20 June 1673 29 May 1728 July 1691 Borjigit Urgun, Prince of Baarin
博爾濟吉特烏爾袞 Consort Rong
4 unnamed 16 March 1674 1678 Ordinary Consort Zhang
5 Princess Duanjing of the Second Rank
和碩端靜公主 9 June 1674 April 1710 November or December 1692 Ulanghan Garzang
烏梁罕噶爾臧 Honored Lady Bu
6 State Princess Kejing
固倫恪靖公主 4 July 1679 1735 1697 Borjigit Dunduobudorji, Prince of the Khalkha Mongols Honored Lady Gorolo
7 unnamed 5 July 1682 September 1682 Empress Xiaogongren
8 unnamed 13 July 1683 late July or August 1683 Empress Xiaoyiren
9 State Princess Wenxian
固倫溫憲公主 10 November 1683 August or September 1702 October or November 1700 Tunggiya Shun’anyan
佟佳舜安顏 Empress Xiaogongren
10 State Princess Chunque
固倫純愨公主 20 March 1685 1710 1706 Borjigit Celeng
博爾濟吉特策棱 Borjigit Chenggunzhabu
博爾濟吉特成袞札布 Imperial Concubine Tong
11 unnamed 24 October 1685 June or July 1686 Noble Consort Wen Xi
12 unnamed 14 June 1686 late February or March 1697 Empress Xiaogongren
13 Princess Wenke of the Second Rank
和碩溫恪公主 1 January 1688 July or August 1709 1706 Borjigit Cangjin
博爾濟吉特倉津 Imperial Noble Consort Jing Min
14 Princess Quejing of the Second Rank
和碩愨靖公主 16 January 1690 1736 1706 Sun Chengyun, Baron of the First Rank
一等男孫承運 Honored Lady Yuan
15 Princess Dunke of the Second Rank
和碩敦恪公主 3 February 1691 January 1710 January or February 1709 ‘’Taiji’’ Borjigit Dorji
博爾濟吉特台吉多爾濟 Imperial Noble Consort Jing Min
16 unnamed 27 November 1695 October or November 1707 Ordinary Consort Wang
17 unnamed 12 January 1699 December 1700 Ordinary Consort Liu
18 unnamed 17 November 1701 Imperial Noble Consort Dun Yi
19 unnamed 30 March 1703 late February or March 1705 Imperial Concubine Xiang
20 unnamed 20 November 1708 January or early February 1709 Ordinary Consort Niuhuru
Popular culture
FictionKangxi Dadi (康熙大帝; literally: The Great Kangxi Emperor): a historical fiction novel by Er Yuehe, featuring a romanticized version of Kangxi's biography
The Deer and the Cauldron (鹿鼎記): a wuxia novel by Louis Cha. In the story, by coincidence, Kangxi and the protagonist, Wei Xiaobao, become close friends since childhood. Wei helps the emperor consolidate power and strengthen his rule over the empire, playing an important role in affecting how the historical events during Kangxi's reign unfold.
Qijian Xia Tianshan (七劍下天山; literally: Seven Swords Descend from Mount Heaven): a wuxia novel by Liang Yusheng. In the story, Kangxi discovers that his father, the Shunzhi Emperor, has become a monk in a monastery on Mount Wutai. He orders a close aide to kill his father in order to consolidate power, and attempts to erase evidence of the murder later.
Film and televisionKangxi Dynasty (康熙王朝): a 2001 television series adaption of the above mentioned novel by Er Yuehe. Chen Daoming starred as Kangxi.
Secret History of Kangxi (康熙秘史): fourth installment in a series of four television dramas about the early history of the Qing Dynasty. Xia Yu starred as Kangxi.
Kangxi Weifu Sifang Ji (康熙微服私訪記; literally: Kangxi's Inspection Tours in Civilian Attire): a long-running television drama about Kangxi's inspection tours. During some of his tours, Kangxi dressed like an ordinary civilian to conceal his identity so that he can blend in with the commoners and understand their daily lives better. Zhang Guoli starred as Kangxi.
The Life and Times of a Sentinel (紫禁驚雷): TVB series about Kangxi's brother's attempt to overthrow him.
Palace (宫): a 2011 television drama set during Kangxi's rule. A girl from the 21st century accidentally travels through time and ends up in the 1700s, in the Forbidden City, shortly before Kangxi strips the crown prince Yinreng of his position.
Scarlet Heart (步步惊心): another 2011 television drama set during Kangxi's rule. A girl from the 21st century accidentally travels through time and ends up in the 1700s, in the Forbidden City, way before Kangxi strips the crown prince Yinreng of his position. Damian Lau starred as Kangxi.
Video gamesAge of Empires III: The Asian Dynasties: Kangxi is featured as the Chinese leader in this real-time strategy game.
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