jūnzhù  (1804niánshíyīyuè23rì～1869niánshíyuè8rì)

kāiduān zhōngjié zàiwèi 1853nián 1857nián 

　　fù lán kè lín · pí 'ěr sī（ FranklinPierce， 1804 nián 11 yuè 23 rì － 1869 nián 10 yuè 8 rì）， měi guó dì 14 rèn zǒng tǒng（ 1853 nián－ 1857 nián）。 pí 'ěr sī shì měi guó mín zhù dǎng zǒng tǒng， ér qiě shì dì yī wèi chū shēng yú 19 shì jì de měi guó zǒng tǒng。 zài 1852 nián mín zhù dǎng quán guó dà huì de dì 49 lún tóu piào zhōng bèi tí míng wéi “ hēi mǎ ” hòu xuǎn rén。 zài dāng nián de zǒng tǒng jìng xuǎn zhōng， pí 'ěr sī tóng tā de jìng xuǎn huǒ bàn wēi lián · lǔ dà zhòng · jīn yǐ pǔ xuǎn de 55 ％ bǐ 44％、 xuǎn jǔ rén piào de 254 bǐ 42 de yā dǎo xìng yōu shì zhàn shèng WinfieldScott， chéng wéi nà shí zuì nián qīng de zǒng tǒng。
　　
　　 zǎo nián shēng yá
　　
　　 pí 'ěr sī 1804 nián 11 yuè 23 rì shēng yú xīn hǎn bù shí 'ěr zhōu de xī 'ěr cí bā lè。
　　
　　 tā shì bào dēng dà xué de xué shēng。
　　
　　1829 nián bèi xuǎn wéi xīn hǎn bù shí 'ěr zhōu yì huì yì yuán。
　　
　　1831 nián chéng wéi xīn hǎn bù shí 'ěr zhōu yì huì yì cháng。
　　
　　1838 nián bèi xuǎn wéi měi guó zhòng yì yuán， shì dāng shí měi guó zuì nián qīng de zhòng yì yuán（ shí nián 33 suì）。
　　
　　 zhī hòu yòu chéng wéi cān yì yuán。
　　
　　 bù jiǔ yòu cóng shì lǜ shī hángyè。
　　
　　 zài mò xī gē zhàn zhēng qī jiān， bèi rèn mìng wéi zhǔn jiāng。

　　Franklin Pierce (November 23, 1804 – October 8, 1869) was the 14th President of the United States, serving from 1853 to 1857, an American politician and lawyer. To date, he is the only President from New Hampshire.
　　
　　Pierce was a Democrat and a "doughface" (a Northerner with Southern sympathies) who served in the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate. Later, Pierce took part in the Mexican-American War and became a brigadier general. His private law practice in his home state, New Hampshire, was so successful that he was offered several important positions, which he turned down. Later, he was nominated for president as a dark horse candidate on the 49th ballot at the 1852 Democratic National Convention. In the presidential election, Pierce and his running mate William R. King won by a landslide in the Electoral College, defeating the Whig Party ticket of Winfield Scott and William A. Graham by a 50% to 44% margin in the popular vote and 254 to 42 in the electoral vote. According to historian David Potter, Pierce was sometimes referred to as "Baby" Pierce, apparently in reference to both his youthful appearance and his being the youngest president to take office to that point (although he was, in reality, only a year younger than James K. Polk when he took office).
　　
　　His inoffensive personality caused him to make many friends, but he suffered tragedy in his personal life and as president subsequently made decisions which were widely criticized and divisive in their effects, thus giving him the reputation as one of the worst presidents in U.S. history. Pierce's popularity in the North declined sharply after he came out in favor of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, repealing the Missouri Compromise and reopening the question of the expansion of slavery in the West. Pierce's credibility was further damaged when several of his diplomats issued the Ostend Manifesto. Historian David Potter concludes that the Ostend Manifesto and the Kansas-Nebraska Act were "the two great calamities of the Franklin Pierce administration.... Both brought down an avalanche of public criticism." More important says Potter, they permanently discredited Manifest Destiny and "popular sovereignty" as a political doctrine and slogan of that time that purported to delegate the decision as to whether slavery should be allowed in a particular territory to the eligible white male voters therein, instead of being determined by a national scheme such as that embodied in the Missouri Compromise and similar agreements between the free and slave interests.
　　
　　Abandoned by his party, Pierce was not renominated to run in the 1856 presidential election and was replaced by James Buchanan as the Democratic candidate. After losing the Democratic nomination, Pierce continued his lifelong struggle with alcoholism as his marriage to Jane Means Appleton Pierce fell apart. His reputation was destroyed during the American Civil War when he declared support for the Confederacy, and personal correspondence between Pierce and Confederate President Jefferson Davis was leaked to the press. He died in 1869 from cirrhosis.
　　
　　Philip B. Kunhardt and Peter W. Kunhardt reflected the views of many historians when they wrote in The American President that Pierce was "a good man who didn't understand his own shortcomings. He was genuinely religious, loved his wife and reshaped himself so that he could adapt to her ways and show her true affection. He was one of the most popular men in New Hampshire, polite and thoughtful, easy and good at the political game, charming and fine and handsome. However, he has been criticized as timid and unable to cope with a changing America."