| xìng： | ài xīn jué luó | |||||||||
| míng： | xuán yè | |||||||||
| wǎngbǐhào： | qīng shèng zǔ | |||||||||
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chū shēng nián yuè： 1654 nián zú nián： 1722 nián
(1661 héng 1722) qīng cháo rù guān hòu de dì 'èr dài huáng dì jí qīng shèng zǔ ( ài xīn jué luó · xuán yè ) de nián hào
sú chēng qīng shèng zǔ wéi kāng xī huáng dì、 kāng xī dì。 yīn wéi míng qīng zhī dì wáng shí duō zhǐ yòu yī gè nián hào， yīn 'ér wǎng wǎng yǐ nián hào dài chēng dì wáng。
qīng shèng zǔ kāng xī， míng 'ài xīn jué luó xuán yè（ 1654 nián 5 yuè 4 rì shùn zhì shí yī nián sān yuè shí bā rì héng 1722 nián 12 yuè 20 rì kāng xī liù shí yī nián shí yī yuè shí sān rì）， qīng cháo huáng dì， kāng xī de chēng wèi lái zì qí nián hào。 shì zài wèi shí jiān zuì cháng de huáng dì。
shùn zhì shí yī nián sān yuè shí bā rì（ 1654 nián 5 yuè 4 rì） shēng yú běi jīng zǐ jìn chéng jǐng rén gōng， tóng fēi zhī zǐ。 kāng xī liù shí yī nián shí yī yuè shí sān rì（ gōng yuán 1722 nián 12 yuè 20 rì） zú yú běi jīng chàng chūn yuán qīng xī shū wū。 zhōng nián 69 suì。 zài wèi 61 nián（ 1661 nián -1722 nián）， shì zhōng guó lì shǐ shàng zài wèi shí jiān zuì cháng de huáng dì。
kāng xī jì wèi shí zhǐ yòu bā suì， shì shùn zhì de dì sān zǐ。 shùn zhì jiē shòu tānɡ ruò wàng de yì jiàn yīn qí chū guò tiān huā zuì yòu kě néng bù yāo zhé 'ér bǎ tā xuǎn wéi jì chéng rén。 kāng xī liù nián（ 1667 nián） qī yuè chū qī zài tài hé diàn jǔ xíng qīn zhèng yí shì。 zài qí zǔ mǔ tài huáng tài hòu xiào zhuāng wén huáng hòu de bāng zhù xià， zài kāng xī bā nián yíng dé liǎo yǔ gù mìng dà chén 'áo bài de dǒu zhēng， kāi shǐ zhēn zhèng qīn zhèng de jiē duàn。
kāng xī zhí zhèng qī jiān， chè chú wú sān guì děng sān fān shì lì（ 1673 nián）， tǒng yī tái wān（ 1684 nián）， píng dìng zhǔn gá 'ěr hàn gá 'ěr dān pàn luàn（ 1688 nián -1697 nián）， bìng dǐ kàng liǎo dāng shí shā 'é duì wǒ guó dōng běi dì qū de qīn lüè， qiān dìng liǎo zhōng 'é《 ní bù chǔ tiáo yuē》， wéi chí liǎo dōng běi biān jìng yī bǎi wǔ shí duō nián de biān jiè hé píng。 zài yǎ kè sà zhàn yì， kāng xī pài qiǎn hēi lóng jiāng jiāng jūn sà bù sù chéng gōng qū zhú shā 'é duì hēi lóng jiāng liú yù de qīn lüè ( cǐ zhàn qīng bīng sān qiān duō rén , zài zhōng guó dōng běi yǔ yuǎn lí hòu fāng de 'é luó sī shù bǎi gē sà kè zuò zhàn , rán 'ér jiǔ zhàn bù xià , zuì hòu yǐ wéi kùn zhàn shù pò shǐ shā huáng tóng yì hé tán , yī dìng yì yì shàng xiǎn shì chū liǎo qīng cháo zài jūn shì kē jì shàng yǔ xī fāng de chā jù )， shōu fù liǎo yǎ kè sà chéng（ xiàn 'é luó sī lián bāng sī kē wò luó dīng nuò） hé ní bù chǔ chéng。 tā zài chéng dé xiū jiàn liǎo bì shǔ shān zhuāng， jiāng qí zuò wéi měnggǔ、 xīzàng、 hā sà kè děng bù wáng gōng guì zú jìn jiàn de chǎng suǒ , dàn shì yě wéi qīng cháo dà guī mó de xiū jiàn huáng jiā yuán lín kāi liǎo xiān hé , zēng jiā liǎo rén mín de tòng kǔ。
tā céng duō cì jǔ bàn bó xué hóng rú kē， chuàng jiàn liǎo nán shū fáng zhì dù， bìng qīn lín qū fù bài yè kǒng miào。 kāng xī dì hái zǔ zhì biān ji yǔ chū bǎn liǎo《 kāng xī zì diǎn》、《 gǔ jīn tú shū jí chéng》、《 lì xiàng kǎo chéng》、《 shù lǐ jīng yùn》、《 kāng xī yǒng nián lì fǎ》、《 kāng xī huáng yú quán lǎn tú》 děng tú shū、 lì fǎ hé dì tú。 kāng xī dì hái bāo fēng dào jiào bái yún guān fāng zhàng wáng cháng yuè， bìng yǐ yú mén xià。
kāng xī xiàng lái huá chuán jiào shì xué xí dài shù、 jǐ hé、 tiān wén、 yī xué děng fāng miàn de zhī shí， bìng pō yòu zhe shù。 duì jī dū jiào yě hěn yòu hǎo gǎn， hòu lái kǎ kāng xī zhú jiàn fā xiàn luó mǎ jiào tíng shì tú guò duō de gān yù qīng cháo de zhèng zhì， bìng qiě huáng zǐ guī yǐ jī dū hòu yǐ cǐ zuò wéi zhēng quán duó lì de gōng jù， suì kāi shǐ yòu suǒ dǐ zhì jī dū jiào , dàn shì , kāng xī zài tuī guǎng xī fāng xué shù shàng wú suǒ zuò wéi , cóng 'ér shǐ zhōng guó kē jì yuǎn luò hòu yú xī fāng。 kāng xī zì yòu xí wǔ， jīng yú qí shè。 duō lún huì méng tā kāi yìng gōng mìng zhōng hěn yuǎn de bà zǐ lìng dào chǎng de měnggǔ wáng gōng jīng hài bù yǐ； měi měi wéi chǎng shòu liè kāng xī zǒng shì suǒ huò yě shòu shèn duō。 tóu tiān wǎn shàng hái zài zuò jǐ hé zhèng míng tí， dì 'èr tiān yī zǎo jìn xīng chí chěng yǐ zhì lěi kuǎ liǎng sān pǐ mǎ， zú jiàn kāng xī jīng lì wàng shèng , kāng xī céng jīng zì chēng yī tiān dǎ sǐ liǎo sān bǎi zhǐ tù zǐ , kě jiàn qí duì zì shēn wǔ lì de zì xìn ( jīn tiān rén mín yě fēi cháng huái yí , yǐ gōng jiàn zài yī tiān nèi liè shā rú cǐ zhī duō de tù zǐ， shì fǒu kě néng )。
kāng xī zài shōu fù tái wān hòu zài kāi fàng liǎo hǎi jìn dàn shì bù jiǔ méi yòu jì xù， hòu lái cǐ zhèng cè chí xù liǎo zhěng gè qīng cháo lì shǐ（ lì yòng “ wén zì yù ” zhè zhǒng cán kù de fāng shì dǎ jī liǎo jiāng nán yī dài de wén huà xué zhě , lì rú kāng xī wǔ shí nián fā shēng guò dài míng shì de nán shān 'àn wén zì yù shì jiàn。
4、 qīn zhēng shuò mò， hé shàn měnggǔ
měnggǔ céng jīng fēn wéi sān gè dà bù fēn jiù shì（ mò nán měnggǔ， mò xī měnggǔ， mò běi měnggǔ）。 mò nán měnggǔ nǔ 'ěr hā chì hé huáng tài jí jīng guò liǎng dài rén de nǔ lì wán quán chén fú liǎo mò nán měnggǔ yě jiù shì nèimēng gǔ。 mò xī měnggǔ jiù shì zhǔn gá 'ěr měnggǔ。 zhǔn gá 'ěr de gá 'ěr dān shuài lǐng jūn duì nán jìn wēi xié liǎo zhōng yāng wáng cháo。 kāng xī jué dìng qīn zhēng， dǎ bài liǎo gá 'ěr dān。 mò běi měnggǔ， kāng xī tōng guò yī xì liè de lǒngluò de cuò shī quán wán jiě jué liǎo kā 'ěr kā měnggǔ yě jiù shì wài méng gǔ。 suǒ yǐ kāng xī shuō：“ xī qín xīng tǔ shí zhī gōng， xiū zhù zhǎngchéng， wǒ cháo shī 'ēn yú kā 'ěr kā， shǐ zhī fáng bèi shuò fāng， jiào cháng chéng gèng wéi jiān gù。” zhōng guó cóng qín hàn shí de xiōng nú dào míng cháo， měnggǔ zhè gè lì shǐ nán tí liǎng qiān nián lái méi yòu jiě jué， kāng xī bǎ zhè gè wèn tí jiě jué liǎo， zhè shì yī gè hěn dà lì shǐ gòng xiàn。
5、 zhòng nóng zhì hé， xīng xiū shuǐ lì
míng wèi qīng chū jīng guò cháng qī de zhàn luàn， nóng yè shēng chǎn zāo dào yán zhòng de pò huài， kāng xī cǎi qǔ liǎo yī xì liè cuò shī huī fù hé fā zhǎn nóng yè shēng chǎn。 tā xià mìng tíng zhǐ juàn dì， tā liù cì xià jiāng nán xún chá huáng hé hé shuǐ lì， xiū huáng hé、 huái hé、 yǒng dìng hé。 kāng xī de zhòng nóng zhì hé， xīng xiū shuǐ lì , qǔ dé liǎo qián wú gǔ rén de chéng jiù。
6、 yí tiān suō dì， xīng xiū yuán lín
kāng xī xiū jiàn liǎo chàng chūn yuán、 chéng dé bì shǔ shān zhuāng、 rè hé mù lán wéi chǎng， tā de sūn zǐ qián lóng yòu jì xù xīng xiū sān shān wǔ yuán（ sān shān： xiāng shān、 yù quán shān、 wàn shòu shān wǔ yuán： chàng chūn yuán、 yuán míng yuán、 jìng míng yuán、 jìng yí yuán、 qīng yī yuán yě jiù shì yí hé yuán） zhè yàng jiù bǎ zhōng guó gǔ diǎn yuán lín de yì shù， tuī dào liǎo yī gè zuì gāo fēng， qīng cháo yuán lín de xīng xiū shì zhōng huá mín zú de yī fèn bǎo guì de yí chǎn。 chéng dé bì shǔ shān zhuāng zhè zuò bǐ běi jīng de yí hé yuán dà yī bèi de huáng jiā yuán lín， jué bù zhǐ shì yī bān yì yì shàng de xiū xī chǎng suǒ， tā yǔ mù lán wéi chǎng yī yàng shì kāng xī zhèng zhì dà qí pán shàng de yī kē zhì guān zhòng yào de qí zǐ。 zhè xiē 'àn zhào měnggǔ xīzàng děng mín zú fēng gé xiū jiàn de gōng diàn miào yǔ， tā gèng zhòng yào de yì yì zài yú ràng méng cáng děng gè zhǒng shàng céng rén wù jìn rù shān zhuāng néng yòu yī zhǒng bīn zhì rú guī de gǎn shòu， tòu guò zhè yī piàn piàn yōu jìng dàn yǎ de shān shuǐ rén men sì hū yòu huí dào liǎo 'èr bǎi duō nián yǐ qián。
liù shì bān chán wéi qián lóng zhù shòu jiù zhù zài zhè lǐ， pài qiǎn zhù cáng dà chén， míng què líng tóng zhuǎn shì hé jīn píng chè qiān zhì dù yě zài zhè lǐ。 měnggǔ wáng yé men cháo jiàn huáng dì zhù zài zhè lǐ， huáng dì jiē jiàn wài guó shǐ chén yě zài zhè lǐ。 juàn zhì hào fán de《 sì kù quán shū》 cún fàng zài zhè lǐ， jiā qìng hé xián fēng liǎng wèi huáng dì xiān hòu sǐ zài zhè lǐ， tā jiàn zhèng liǎo qīng wáng cháo suǒ jīng lì de fēng fēng yǔ yǔ。
7、 xīng wén zhòng jiào， biān zuǎn diǎn jí
kāng xī zhòng shì wén huà jiào yù ]。。 qīn zì zhù chí biān zuǎn liǎo xǔ duō zhòng yào de diǎn jí pì rú shuō《 kāng xī zì diǎn》《 pèi wén yùn fǔ》《 qīng wén jiàn》《 kāng xī quán lǎn tú》《 gǔ jīn tú shū jí chéng》 kāng xī zhù chí biān zuǎn de diǎn jí yòu liù shí duō zhǒng， dà yuē yòu 'èr wàn juàn shì zhōng huá mín zú wén huà zhōng de zhòng yào jīng shén cái fù。 kāng xī cháo shǐ qīng dì guó yì lì yú shì jiè dōng fāng。 dāng shí 'é guó yòu bǐ dé dà dì， fǎ guó yòu lù yì shí sì， kāng xī yǔ tā men bǐ yòu wěi dà guò rén zhī chù， kāng xī shí hòu rén kǒu zuì zhòng duō， jīng jì zuì fù yù， wén huà zuì fán róng， jiāng yù zuì kāi kuò， guó lì zuì wéi qiáng shèng。 kāng xī shí hòu qīng cháo de jiāng yù， dōng qǐ dà hǎi， xī dào cōng lǐng， nán zhì céng mǔ 'àn shǎo， běi kuà wài xīng 'ān lǐng， xī běi dào bā 'ěr kā me hú， dōng běi dào kù yè dǎo， zǒng de miàn jī dà yuē yòu yī qiān sān bǎi wàn píng fāng gōng lǐ。
8、 duì zì jǐ jiǎng xué xí， duì cháo zhèng jiǎng qín shèn
tā kě yǐ shuō zài dì wáng dāng zhōng， tā shì zuì qín fèn xué xí de yī gè， kě shì tā zài yòu nián shí de bù xìng， jī lì zhe tā nǔ lì xué xí。 kāng xī bā suì shí fù qīn sǐ liǎo， 10 suì mǔ qīn yě sǐ liǎo， liǎng nián zhī jiān fù mǔ shuāng wáng。 yī gè gū 'ér xíng yǐng xiāng diào， shí zài shì kě lián。 tā zǔ mǔ fù zé fǔ yǎng tā， kāng xī shēn shàng yòu sān zhǒng xuè tǒng， yòu sān zhǒng wén huà， yòu sān zhǒng pǐn gé， kāng xī de sān zhǒng xuè tǒng， tā fù qīn shì mǎn zhōu rén， tā zǔ mǔ shì měnggǔ rén， tā mǔ qīn shì hàn rén， tā yòu shòu liǎo sān zhǒng wén huà de yǐng xiǎng， tā de mǎn zú shī fù gěi tā jiǎng mǎn yǔ， jiào tā xiě mǎn wén， jiāogěi tā qí shè， tā de hàn zú shī fù gěi tā jiǎng sì shū wǔ jīng tā yòu shòu dào rú jiā wén huà de jiào yù。 kāng xī duì cháo zhèng jiǎng qín shèn， kāng xī de qīn zhèng jiù shì cóng tā 14 suì de shí hòu kāi shǐ de， dāng shí qīn zhèng jiào“ yù mén tīng zhèng” shénme jiào yù mén tīng zhèng ní？ jiù shì huáng dì qīn zì zhù chí cháo tíng huì yì， yì shāng hé jué dìng jūn guó dà shì。 yù mén tīng zhèng zài qián qīng mén qián， cān jiā yù mén tīng zhèng de zhù yào shì： jiǔ qīng（ lǐ、 lì、 hù、 bīng、 xíng、 gōng） liù bù de shàng shū， hé zuǒ dū yù shǐ， tōng zhèng shǐ， dà lǐ sì qīng， hái yòu dà xué shì， cān jiā yù mén tīng zhèng de hái yòu qǐ jū zhù guān。 shénme shí hòu kāi shǐ ní？ jiù shì zǎo shàng chén shí kāi shǐ（ qī diǎn － jiǔ diǎn） chén shí shì bā diǎn， měi tiān zǎo shàng chén shí kāi shǐ yǔ dà chén men tǎo lùn zòu bào， yì shāng yī xiē jūn guó de dà shì， wú lùn hán shǔ wú yī lì wài。 běi jīng de dōng tiān shì hěn lěng hěn lěng de， jiù zài qián qīng mén qián， jǔ xíng zuì gāo cháo tíng huì yì， zhè gè shí zài shì bù róng yì。 ér qiě qīng cháo de huáng dì yù mén tīng zhèng cóng kāng xī yī zhí dào guāng xù jiān chí xià lái， yǐ shàng zhè shí kāng xī qín zhèng de“ qín”， dǐ xià jiù shuō yǐ xià， kāng xī dì 'èr gè jiù shì“ shèn”， kāng xī zhè gè rén zài chǔlǐ jūn guó dà shì de shí hòu fēi cháng de jǐn shèn， kě yǐ shuō shèn zhī yòu shèn， bù shì nǎo mén yī rè yī pái bǎn jiù zhè me bàn liǎo。 bù shì zhè yàng de， wǒ xiǎng jǔ yī gè lì zǐ lái shuō míng kāng xī shèn zhèng de qíng kuàng， wǒ jiù jǔ zhì hé de lì zǐ， kāng xī zǎo nián zài tā gōng tíng de zhù zǐ shàng xiě liǎo shénme ní？ xiě liǎo sān fān jí hé wù， cáo yùn sān jiàn dà shì。 kāng xī qīn zì pài shì wèi nì huáng hé 'ér shàng yī zhí dào huáng hé yuán tóu xīngxiù hǎi wǎng fǎn xíng chéng liǎng wàn lǐ， huì zhì liǎo huáng hé quán tú zhè shì zhōng guó lì shǐ shàng dì yī cì， jīng guò shí jì tà kān huì zhì chéng de huáng hé tú， bǎ huáng hé de lái lóng qù mài gǎo qīng chǔ liǎo， rèn yòng xián néng de guān yuán lái zhì hé， nà yōng tā zhì bù hǎo hé hái tān wū 'ā！ tā rèn yòng liǎo liǎng gè zhòng yào guān yuán， yī gè jiào jìn fǔ， yī gè jiào chén huáng， tā rèn yòng jìn fǔ zuò hé dào zǒng dū， jìn fǔ měi tiān gěi kāng xī shàng bā gè zòu zhāng， chén shù zì jǐ duì zhì hé de yì jiàn。 zhì hé dāng shí fā shēng liǎo yì jiàn fēn qí， zhù yào yòu liǎng gè wèn tí， dì yī zhì liǎo huáng hé yǐ hòu jiù duō chū liǎo yī xiē tǔ dì， jìn fǔ de yì jiàn jiù shì bǎ zhè xiē tǔ dì tún tián， shōu rù de qián zài xù jì zhì hé。 duō chū de tǔ dì gěi dāng shí de háo kūn。 dì 'èr huáng hé de hé kǒu bù fēn shuǐ liú rù hǎi bù chàng， jìn fǔ de yì jiàn shì bǎ hé dī jiā gāo， ràng hé shuǐchōng shā， ní hé chōng rù hǎi zhōng， tā de duì lì yī miàn， yú chéng lóng bù tóng yì， bǎ huáng hé rù hǎi zhōng nà lǐ wā jùn wā shēn， shā zǐ bù jiù liú xià qù liǎo má。 jìn fǔ shuō bù xíng， shuō nǐ nà yàng de huà jiù hǎi shuǐdào guàn。 yú chéng lóng shuō nǐ nà bù xíng， hé dī gāo de huà， nà fáng zǐ zài hé dī dǐ xià， nà hé dī yī fàn làn rén bù jiù páo dào yú dù zǐ lǐ qù liǎo má。 kāng xī ní zěn me bàn ní， ràng tā men liǎ gè rén yù mén qián biàn lùn， kāi cháo tíng huì yì dào kāng xī miàn qián gè shū yǐ jiàn， hù xiāng bó nán， dū gè shuō gè de dào lǐ， kāng xī hái shì bù néng jué dìng， tā méi yòu zhī chí yī fāng， fǎn duì yī fāng jí sī guǎng yì。 xià lìng zài jīng de dà chén， fán shì nǐ de jiā xiāng zài huáng hé yòu guān dì fāng， nǐ men měi rén yào xiě yī gè yì jiàn nǐ de kàn fǎ， shàng zòu yú kāng xī， kāng xī kàn liǎo gè gè fāng miàn de yì jiàn hòu jiù zhī chí yú chéng lóng de yì jiàn， miǎn qù liǎo jìn fǔ hé dào zǒng dū de zhí wèi。
kāng xī shì qīng cháo lì shǐ shàng zài wèi shí jiān zuì cháng de huáng dì。 tā wén wǔ shuāng quán， jì jīng tōng chuán tǒng wén huà， yòu shè liè xī fāng kē xué； jì néng shàng mǎ zuǒ yòu kāi gōng， yù jià qīn zhēng jī tuì gá 'ěr dān， yòu néng zhì guó 'ān bāng shàn yú guǎn lǐ。 tā yùn chóu wéi wò， jué shèng qiān lǐ， zuò zhèn běi jīng qǔ dé liǎo duì sān fān， shā 'é de zhàn zhēng shèng lì， shōu fù tái wān， xiǎn shì liǎo kāng xī zhuó yuè de jūn shì zhǐ huī cái néng。 lìng yī fāng miàn， kāng xī yòu zhe guò rén de zhèng zhì yǎn guāng hé shǒu wàn。 kāng xī chuàng lì“ duō lún huì méng” qǔ dài zhàn zhēng， lián luò měnggǔ gè bù； yǐ tiáo yuē què bǎo liǎo guó jiā zài hēi lóng jiāng de lǐng tǔ bù bèi qīn fàn； kāng xī hái tè bié zhòng shì jiào yù， bāo kuò zì jǐ zǐ nǚ， diàn dìng liǎo chí xù 100 duō nián de“ kāng qián shèng shì”。
chuán wèi de zhēng yì
kāng xī shí sān nián（ 1674 nián）， kāng xī dì lì huáng hòu suǒ shēng de yī suì de huáng cì zǐ yìn réng wéi tài zǐ， dàn shù shí nián hòu yóu yú tài zǐ běn shēn de sù zhì wèn tí jí qí zài cháo zhōng jié dǎng 'ér fèi tài zǐ。 fèi tài zǐ hòu zhòng huáng zǐ jì yú huáng wèi， máo dùn gèng jiā jiān ruì， gù tài zǐ fèi 'ér fù lì， dàn kāng xī réng wú fǎ róng rěn qí jié dǎng， sān nián hòu zài fèi tài zǐ。 zuì zhōng zài kāng xī liù shí yī nián lín zhōng shí chuán wèi yú huáng sì zǐ yìn zhēn。 chuán wèi gěi yìn zhēn de lǐ yóu zhòng shuō fēn yún， yòu rén rèn wéi kāng xī shì xī wàng jīng míng gànliàn de yìn zhēn néng dà lì gǎi gé kāng xī mò nián de kuān zòng jī bì， yě yòu rén rèn wéi kāng xī shì yīn wéi zhōng 'ài yìn zhēn zhī zǐ hóng lì（ wèi lái de qián lóng dì） ér chuán wèi yú tā， hái yòu chuán shuō shì gù mìng dà chén lóng kē duō hé yìn zhēn jiáo cuàn yí zhào， gù yòu“ chuán wèi shí sì huáng zǐ” cuàn gǎi wéi“ chuán wèi yú sì huáng zǐ” zhī chuán shuō， dàn 'àn qīng gōng mì dàng fēn xī， yí zhào shì yóu mǎn、 hàn、 méng sān zhǒng yǔ yán bìng liè xiě chéng，“ chuán wèi shí sì huáng zǐ” gǎi wéi“ chuán wèi yú sì huáng zǐ” zhī chuán shuō fú hé hàn zì shū xiě luó ji， què wú fǎ fú hé mǎn wén jí méng wén shū xiě luó ji。 fán tǐ hàn zì shí hé yú dà xiāng jìng tíng。 cǐ wéi wù jiě
kāng xī gòng yòu 35 zǐ、 20 nǚ。 qí zhōng zhǐ yòu 24 gè 'ér zǐ、 7 gè nǚ 'ér huó dào chéng nián。
jiā zú liè biǎo
fù qīn shùn zhì huáng dì
cháng xiōng 'ài xīn jué luó niú niǔ， zǎo shāng
èr xiōng 'ài xīn jué luó fú quán， yù qīn wáng
wǔ dì 'ài xīn jué luó cháng níng， gōng qīn wáng
mǔ qīn xiào kāng zhāng huáng tài hòu tóng jiā shì（ tóng jiā shì wéi hàn jūn qí rén， tóng jiā shì de dì dì wéi tóng guó wéi， tóng jiā shì de fù qīn shì tóng tú lài， tóng tú lài de fù qīn shì tóng yǎng zhèng， tóng yǎng zhèng shì míng mò kàng wō yuán cháo de fù zǒng bīng， hòu lái zài kàng jīn de shí hòu， zhàn dǒu shī bài tóu jiàng hòu jīn。）
kāng xī hòu fēi yī lǎn
xiào chéng rén huáng hòu hè shè lǐ shì（ 1654 héng héng 1674） mǎn zhōu zhèng huáng qí rén， lǐng shì wèi nèi dà chén gē bù lā zhī nǚ， fǔ zhèng dà chén suǒ ní de sūn nǚ， kāng xī sì nián cè fēng wéi huáng hòu， shí nián 13 suì。 kāng xī bā nián shēng huáng 'èr zǐ（ jí fèi tài zǐ）； kāng xī shí sān nián shēng huáng liù zǐ hòu yīn nán chǎn qù shì， xiǎng nián 22 suì。 shì hào wéi： xiào chéng gōng sù zhèng huì 'ān hé shū yì kè mǐn lì tiān xiāng shèng rén huáng hòu。
xiào zhāo rén huáng hòu niǔ hù lù shì（？ héng héng 1678）， mǎn zhōu xiāng huáng qí rén， fǔ zhèng dà chén yī děng gōng 'è bì lóng nǚ。 kāng xī shí liù nián bā yuè cè fēng wéi huáng hòu， jǐn bàn nián， yú kāng xī shí qī nián 'èr yuè 'èr shí liù rì qù shì， shì hào wéi： xiào zhāo jìng shū míng huì zhèng hé 'ān yù duān mù qīn tiān shùn shèng rén huáng hòu。
xiào yì rén huáng hòu tóng jiā shì， mǎn zhōu xiāng huáng qí rén， lǐng shì wèi nèi dà chén tóng guó wéi zhī nǚ， běn shì kāng xī dì shēng mǔ de dí qīn zhí nǚ， shì kāng xī de biǎo jiě mèi。 kāng xī shí liù nián bā yuè cè fēng wéi guì fēi， èr shí nián shí 'èr yuè 'èr shí rì jìn shēng wéi huáng guì fēi。 èr shí 'èr nián shēng huáng bā nǚ。 kāng xī 'èr shí bā nián qī yuè chū jiǔ rì cè wéi huáng hòu， cì rì jí qù shì。 shì hào wéi： xiào yì wēn chéng duān rén xiàn mù hé kè cí huì fèng tiān zuǒ shèng rén huáng hòu。
xiào gōng rén huáng hòu wū yǎ shì（ dé fēi， yōng zhèng dì shēng mǔ， 1660 héng héng 1723）， mǎn zhōu zhèng huáng qí rén， hù jūn cān lǐng wēi wǔ zhī nǚ， kāng xī shí qī nián shí yuè sān shí rì shēng huáng sì zǐ， jí yōng zhèng dì。 shí bā nián fēng wéi dé pín。 cì nián shēng huáng liù zǐ； sān shí nián shí 'èr yuè 'èr shí rì wéi dé fēi。 èr shí yī nián shēng huáng qī nǚ， èr shí 'èr nián shēng huáng jiǔ nǚ， èr shí wǔ nián shēng huáng shí 'èr nǚ， èr shí qī nián shēng huáng shí sì zǐ。 kāng xī qù shì hòu， dé fēi bèi zūn wéi huáng tài hòu， yōng zhèng wǔ nián wǔ yuè 'èr shí sān rì qù shì， xiǎng nián 64 suì。 shì hào wéi： xiào gōng xuān huì wēn sù dìng yù cí chún qīn mù zàn tiān chéng shèng rén huáng hòu。
jìng mǐn huáng guì fēi， zhāng jiā shì（？ héng héng 1699）， mǎn zhōu xiāng huáng qí rén， cān lǐng hǎi kuān zhī nǚ。 kāng xī 'èr shí wǔ nián shēng huáng shí sān zǐ yǔn xiáng， kāng xī sān shí bā nián qī yuè 'èr shí wǔ rì hōng， chèn zàng kāng xī dì zhī jǐng líng。 shēng 'èr nǚ， xià jià cāng jīn， duō 'ěr jì。
dìng fēi（ 1661 héng héng 1757）， wàn liú hā shì , mǎn zhōu zhèng huáng qí rén， láng zhōng tuō 'ěr bì zhī nǚ。 kāng xī zài shí wéi pín， yōng zhèng shí zūn wéi huáng kǎo dìng fēi， hòu lái suí 'ér zǐ lǚ qīn wáng yǔn táo zhù， lún dào zì jǐ de shēng rì de shí hòu， hái huì bèi yíng jìn gōng qù zhù hè， dàn zài wèi jìn zūn fēng， hōng shí jiǔ shí qī suì。
tōng pín， nà lá shì（？ héng héng 1744）， jiān shēng cháng bǎo sù zhī nǚ。 shì fèng shèng zǔ kāng xī shí wéi guì rén。 yōng zhèng 'èr nián， yīn qí nǚ xù yòu gōng， shòu dào zūn fēng。 qián lóng jiǔ nián liù yuè 'èr shí sān rì hōng， xiǎng nián zài 80 suì yǐ shàng。 èr zǐ jiē shāng（ shì kāng xī shí jì shàng dì 9 hé dì 12 gè 'ér zǐ）， yī nǚ。
dūn yí huáng guì fēi（ 1683 héng héng 1768）， sān pǐn xié lǐng hù mǎn zhī nǚ。 guā 'ěr jiā shì。 shì fèng kāng xī shí wéi hé fēi， shì zōng yōng zhèng dì zūn wéi huáng kǎo guì fēi， gāo zōng qián lóng zūn wéi huáng zǔ wēn huì huáng guì tài fēi， qián lóng sān shí sān nián hōng， nián bā shí liù。 shēng yī nǚ， shāng。 tā yě shí kāng xī zhū fēi zhōng zuì cháng shòu de。
què huì huáng guì fēi（ 1668 héng héng 1743）， tóng jiā shì， xiào yì huáng hòu de mèi mèi。 kāng xī sān shí jiǔ nián cè wéi guì fēi， yōng zhèng shí zūn wéi huáng kǎo huáng guì fēi， qián lóng shí zūn wéi huáng zǔ shòu qí huáng guì tài fēi。 qián lóng bā nián hōng， xiǎng nián qī shí liù suì。 sǐ hòu， shì wéi què huì huáng guì fēi。
shùn yì mì tài fēi， wáng shì。 chū wéi mì pín， hòu zūn fēng wéi mì fēi。 sān zǐ， yǔn xú、 yǔn lù、 yǔn jiè， yǔn jiè bā suì yāo zhé。
chún yù qín tài fēi， chén shì。 chū wéi qín pín， bèi yōng zhèng zūn fēng wéi qín fēi。 yī zǐ， yǔn lǐ。
xiāng pín（？ héng héng 1746）， gāo shì， gāo tíng xiù zhī nǚ。 qián lóng shí yī nián liù yuè 'èr shí bā rì hōng， xiǎng nián zài 40 suì yǐ shàng。 yī zǐ， yǔn jì， yī nǚ， wèi chéng nián jí yāo zhé。
jǐn pín， sè hè tú shì（ 1698 héng héng 1739）， yuán wài láng duō 'ěr jì zhī nǚ。 qián lóng sì nián sān yuè shí liù rì hōng， xiǎng nián zài 41 suì。 yī zǐ， yǔn hù。
jìng pín， shí shì（？ héng héng 1758）。 yī zǐ， yǔn qí。
xī pín， chén shì（？ héng héng 1737） chén yù qīng zhī nǚ， qián lóng 'èr nián zhēngyuè chù 'èr rì hōng（ liú xīn wǔ rèn wéi tā shì《 hóng lóu mèng》 zhōng qù shì de lǎo tài fēi de yuán xíng）， xiǎng nián zài 40 suì yǐ shàng。 yī zǐ， yǔn xǐ。
mù pín， chén shì（？ héng héng 1727 qián）， chén qí shān zhī nǚ， xiǎng nián zài 30 suì yǐ shàng。 yī zǐ， yǔn mí。
wēn xī guì fēi， niǔ hù lù shì（？ héng héng 1694）， mǎn zhōu xiāng huáng qí rén， xiào zhāo huáng hòu de mèi mèi， kāng xī 'èr shí nián cè wéi guì fēi， sān shí sān nián shí yī yuè chū sān qù shì。 yī zǐ， yǔn shì wǒ， yī nǚ， yāo zhé。
huì fēi， nà lá shì（？ héng héng 1732）， láng zhōng suǒ 'ěr hèzhī nǚ， chū wéi shù fēi。 kāng xī shí liù nián cè wéi huì pín； èr shí nián wéi huì fēi。 yōng zhèng shí nián sì yuè chū qī rì hōng。 xiǎng nián zài 70 suì yǐ shàng。 èr zǐ， chéng qìng、 yǔn tí。
yí fēi， guō luò luó shì（？ héng héng 1733）， mǎn zhōu xiāng huáng qí rén， zuǒ lǐng sān guān bǎo zhī nǚ。 kāng xī shí liù nián cè wéi yí pín； èr shí nián wéi yí fēi。 yōng zhèng shí yī nián bā yuè 'èr shí wǔ rì hōng。 xiǎng nián zài 70 suì yǐ shàng。 sān zǐ， yǔn qí、 yǔn táng、 yǔn zī。
róng fēi， mǎ jiā shì（？ héng héng 1727）， yuán wài láng gài shān zhī nǚ。 kāng xī shí liù nián cè wéi róng pín； èr shí nián wéi róng fēi。 yōng zhèng wǔ nián rùn sān yuè chū liù qù shì。 xiǎng nián zài 70 suì yǐ shàng。 shēng yòu wǔ zǐ yī nǚ， qí zhōng zhǐ yòu yǔn zhǐ chéng rén， yī nǚ xià jià wū 'ěr ɡǔn。
guì rén guō luò luó shì， yí fēi de mèi mèi， mǎn zhōu xiāng huáng qí rén， shēng huáng liù nǚ、 huáng shí jiǔ zǐ yǔn ( shì yǔ )。 zú nián bù xiáng。
huì fēi， bó 'ěr jǐn jí tè shì（？ héng héng 1670）， kē 'ěr qìn sān děng gōng jí 'ā yù xī zhī nǚ， yòu nián bèi xuǎn jìn gōng， shàng wèi cè fēng， yú kāng xī jiǔ nián sì yuè shí 'èr rì hōng。 wǔ yuè chū jiǔ zhuī fēng wéi huì fēi。
píng fēi， hè shè lǐ shì（？ héng héng 1696）， xiào chéng rén huáng hòu de mèi mèi， mǎn zhōu zhèng huáng qí rén， lǐng shì wèi nèi dà chén chéng 'ēn gōng gá bù lā zhī nǚ， yòu nián shí dài nián gōng zhōng， kāng xī sān shí nián shēng xià yǔn jī（ shì zì bàng）， sān shí wǔ nián liù yuè 'èr shí rì zú， dāng yuè zhuī fēng wéi píng fēi。
liáng fēi， wèi shì（？ héng héng 1711）， mǎn zhōu zhèng huáng qí bāo yī rén， nèi guǎn lǐng 'ā bù nài zhī nǚ。 yī fèi tài zǐ zhī shí， huáng bā zǐ céng bèi zhòng dà chén bǎo jǔ wéi huáng tài zǐ， shēn shòu fù huáng yàn 'è。 kāng xī céng shuō：“（ huáng bā zǐ） xì xīn zhě kù jiàn fù suǒ shēng。”（《 qīng shèng zǔ shí lù》 dì 261 juàn） xīn zhě kù de yì sī shì“ guǎn lǐng xià shí kǒu liáng rén”， yě jiù shì nèi wù fǔ guǎn xiá xià de nú pú。 qīng cháo bā qí guān yuán huò zuì hòu， běn rén yǐ jí jiā shǔ bèi biān rù xīn zhě kù， chéng wéi dài zuì nú pú， yǐ shì chéng jiè。 wèi shì běn rén de zǔ xiān dāng yòu lèi sì jīng lì， cái chéng wéi xīn zhě kù zuì jí。 tā dà yuē shì zhěng gè qīng cháo fēi pín zhōng mǔ jiā dì wèi zuì bēi xià zhě。 yǐ cǐ tiáo jiàn， tā zhǐ néng chōng dāng gōng nǚ， cóng shì yī xiē cū huó、 zhòng huó。 yǔ huáng dì jiē chù de jī huì yě zì rán dà dà shǎo yú qí tā gōng nǚ。 dàn tā jìng rán bèi huáng dì kàn zhōng， shēng yù huáng zǐ， shuō míng tā de zì shēn tiáo jiàn shí fēn yōu yuè， shì yī wèi měi lì chū zhòng de nǚ zǐ。 yàn běi lǎo rén《 qīng dài shí sān cháo gōng wéi mì shǐ》 lǐ shuō：“ měi yàn guān yī gōng， chǒng xìng wú bǐ，” ér qiě“ tǐ yòu yì xiāng， xǐ zhī bù qù”， jí shǐ“ tuò yè yì hán fēn fāng qì”。 zhè xiē chuán shuō bìng bù kě xìn， dàn shì qǐ mǎ fǎn yìng chū wèi shì díquè shì wèi měi lì chū zhòng de nǚ zǐ， bù jǐn zài gōng zhōng wén míng， zài mín jiān yě yòu suǒ 'ěr wén。 kāng xī sān shí jiǔ nián， tā hé guā 'ěr jiā shì（ dūn yí huáng guì fēi） yī tóng cè fēng wéi pín。 kāng xī wǔ shí nián shí yī yuè 'èr shí rì qù shì， xiǎng nián dāng zài 40 suì yǐ shàng。
xuān fēi， bó 'ěr jǐn jí tè shì（？ héng héng 17
chéng fēi， dài jiā shì（？ héng héng 1740）， mǎn zhōu xiāng huáng qí rén， sī kù zhuó qí zhī nǚ， chù jìn gōng wéi pín。 kāng xī shí jiǔ nián shēng huáng qī zǐ。 kāng xī wǔ shí qī nián shí 'èr yuè cè fēng wéi chéng fēi。 qián lóng wǔ nián shí yuè sān shí rì hōng， xiǎng nián dāng zài 70 suì yǐ shàng。 qián lóng liù nián sān yuè 'èr shí sì rì fèng 'ān。 huáng qī zǐ yǔn yòu（ shì zì bàng）， shēng yòu cán jí（ jiǎo bǒ）， kāng xī sān shí qī nián fēng wéi bèi lè， sì shí bā nián jìn shēng wéi chún jùn wáng， yōng zhèng yuán nián sì yuè jìn shēng wéi qīn wáng， bā nián sì yuè chū 'èr zú， xiǎng nián 51 suì， shì yuē“ dù”。
shùn yì mì fēi， wáng shì（？ héng héng 1744）， zhī xiàn wáng guó zhèng zhī nǚ， mǔ huáng shì（ 1640 héng héng 1709）， wéi sū zhōu jí rén shì， kě néng shì kāng xī 'èr shí bā nián dì 'èr cì nán xún shí dài huí gōng zhōng de nǚ zǐ。 kāng xī 'èr shí yú nián jìn gōng， shí nián dà yuē shí liù qī suì， sān shí 'èr nián shēng huáng shí wǔ zǐ， sān shí sì nián shēng huáng shí liù zǐ， sì shí nián shēng huáng shí bā zǐ（ bā suì yāo zhé）。 kāng xī wǔ shí qī nián shí 'èr yuè cè fēng wéi mì pín， yōng zhèng 'èr nián liù yuè zūn wéi huáng kǎo tài pín， qián lóng yuán nián shí yī yuè zūn wéi huáng zǔ shùn yì tài fēi， jiǔ nián shí yuè shí liù rì hōng， xiǎng nián 70 duō suì。 cì nián tóng rì fèng 'ān。
chún yù qín fēi， chén shì（？ héng héng 1754）， mǎn zhōu xiāng huáng qí rén， èr děng shì wèi chén xī mǐn zhī nǚ。 kāng xī sān shí liù nián shēng huáng shí qī zǐ guǒ yì qīn wáng yǔn lǐ， kāng xī wǔ shí qī nián shí 'èr yuè cè fēng wéi qín pín。 yōng zhèng sì nián 'èr yuè zūn wéi huáng kǎo qín fēi。 qián lóng yuán nián shí yī yuè zūn wéi huáng zǔ chún yù qín tài fēi。 qián lóng shí bā nián shí 'èr yuè 'èr shí rì hōng， xiǎng nián dāng zài 60 suì yǐ shàng。 qián lóng xià zhǐ kòu zhāi yīng wěi， jì jiǔ xíng lǐ； shí jiǔ nián sì yuè 'èr shí rì fèng 'ān。
xī pín， hè shè lǐ shì（？ héng héng 1702）， lái bèi（ yī gè zì， shàng miàn shì lái， xià miàn shì bèi） shān zhī nǚ。 kāng xī shí liù nián bā yuè 'èr shí 'èr rì cè wéi xī pín， kāng xī sì shí yī nián jiǔ yuè hōng， sì shí sì nián 'èr yuè chū jiǔ rì fèng 'ān。 xiǎng nián dāng zài 40 yǐ shàng。
duān pín， dǒng shì， yuán wài láng dǒng dá qí nǚ。 kāng xī shí nián shēng huáng 'èr nǚ， shí liù nián bā yuè 'èr shí 'èr rì cè wéi duān pín。 zú nián bù xiáng， xiǎng nián zài 60 suì yǐ shàng。 kāng xī wǔ shí jiǔ nián jiǔ yuè chū jiǔ rì fèng 'ān。
jìng pín， shí shì（？ héng héng 1758）， shí huái yù zhī nǚ。 kāng xī wǔ shí 'èr nián shí yī yuè 'èr shí bā rì shēng huáng 'èr shí sān zǐ， liù shí yī nián shí 'èr yuè bèi yōng zhèng dì zūn wéi huáng kǎo guì rén。 qián lóng yuán nián bèi qián lóng zūn wéi huáng zǔ jìng pín， èr shí sān nián liù yuè chū bā hōng， xiǎng nián dāng zài 60 suì yǐ shàng。 cì nián sān yuè 'èr shí 'èr rì fèng 'ān。
ān pín， lǐ shì， hàn jūn zhèng lán qí， kāng xī shí liù nián bā yuè cè fēng。 dà yuē zài yōng zhèng nián jiān qù shì， xiǎng nián dāng zài 60 suì yǐ shàng。
jìng pín， wáng jiā shì， kāng xī shí liù nián bā yuè cè fēng。 dà yuē zài yōng zhèng nián jiān qù shì， xiǎng nián dāng zài 60 suì yǐ shàng。
guì rén， zhào jiā shì（ jí bù guì rén，？ héng héng 1717）， kāng xī shí sān nián wǔ yuè chū liù shēng huáng wǔ nǚ hé shuò duān jìng gōng zhù， kāng xī wǔ shí liù nián zhēngyuè shí yī rì qù shì， xiǎng nián dāng zài 60 suì yǐ shàng。
guì rén， yuán shì， kāng xī 'èr shí bā nián wǔ yuè 'èr shí qī rì shēng huáng liù nǚ hé shuò kè jìng gōng zhù， èr shí 'èr nián qī yuè 'èr shí sān rì shēng yǔn yǔ（ shì zì bàng）， zú nián bù xiáng。
guì rén， nà lā shì。
guì rén， chén shì， kāng xī wǔ shí qī nián 'èr yuè chū yī shēng huáng sān shí wǔ zǐ yǔn yuán（ shì zì bàng）， zú nián bù xiáng。
guì rén， yì shì（？ héng héng 1728）， yōng zhèng liù nián sì yuè zú， xiǎng nián yuē 70 duō suì。
shù fēi， niǔ hù lù shì， mǎn zú。 kāng xī sì shí qī nián shí yī yuè shí jiǔ rì shēng huáng 'èr shí nǚ。 zú nián bù xiáng。
shù fēi， zhāng shì， hàn zú。 kāng xī qī nián shí yī yuè 'èr shí liù rì shēng huáng cháng nǚ， shí sān nián 'èr yuè chū shí rì shēng huáng sì nǚ。 zú nián bù xiáng。
shù fēi， wáng shì， hàn zú。 kāng xī sān shí sì nián shí yuè 'èr shí yī rì shēng huáng shí liù nǚ。 zú nián bù xiáng。
shù fēi， liú shì， hàn zú。 kāng xī sān shí qī nián shí 'èr yuè shí 'èr rì shēng huáng shí qī nǚ， zú nián bù xiáng。
zǐ nǚ
ér zǐ（ àn chū shēng shùn xù）
ài xīn jué luó chéng hù
ài xīn jué luó chéng ruì
ài xīn jué luó chéng qìng
ài xīn jué luó sài yīn chá hún
ài xīn jué luó cháng huá
ài xīn jué luó cháng shēng
ài xīn jué luó wàn fǔ
ài xīn jué luó yǔn zàn
yǐ shàng gè zǐ yòu shāng， wèi xù chǐ
huáng zhǎngzǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn zhī， gù shān bèi zǐ， yuán míng 'ài xīn jué luó bǎo qīng
huáng cì zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn réng，（ fèi） huáng tài zǐ， hòu fēng lǐ mì qīn wáng ( shì zài yōng zhèng shí qī fēng de， gēn kāng xī huáng dì méi guān )， yuán míng 'ài xīn jué luó bǎo chéng
huáng sān zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn zhǐ， chéng yǐn qīn wáng
huáng sì zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn zhēn， yōng zhèng huáng dì
huáng wǔ zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn qí， héng wēn qīn wáng
huáng liù zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn zuò， yòu shāng
huáng qī zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn yòu， chún dù qīn wáng
huáng bā zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn sì， yuán fēng lián qīn wáng， hòu fèi
huáng jiǔ zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn táng， yōng zhèng sì nián bā yuè 'èr shí qī mò
huáng shí zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn shì wǒ， fǔ guó gōng
huáng shí yī zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn zī， yòu shāng
huáng shí 'èr zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn táo， lǚ yì qīn wáng
huáng shí sān zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn xiáng， yí xián qīn wáng
huáng shí sì zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn tí， xún qín jùn wáng
huáng shí wǔ zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn xú， yú kè jùn wáng
huáng shí liù zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn lù， chū jì chéng zé qīn wáng shuò sài zhī hòu
huáng shí qī zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn lǐ， guǒ yì qīn wáng
huáng shí bā zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn xiè， yòu shāng
huáng shí jiǔ zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn jì， yòu shāng
huáng 'èr shí zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn yī， jiǎn jìng bèi lè
huáng 'èr shí yī zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn xǐ， shèn jìng jùn wáng
huáng 'èr shí 'èr zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn hù， gōng qín bèi lè
huáng 'èr shí sān zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn qí， chéng bèi lè
huáng 'èr shí sì zǐ 'ài xīn jué luó yìn mì， chéng kè qīn wáng
yōng zhèng dì 'ài xīn jué luó yìn zhēn jí wèi hòu wéi bì huì， zhū huáng zǐ míng zhōng“ yìn” zì bèi de， gǎi wéi“ yǔn” zì（ dān dān shí sān zǐ yìn xiáng sǐ hòu yōng zhèng jiāng“ yìn” zì hái gěi liǎo tā zhè gè zhōng shēng duì tā zhōng xīn gěng gěng de dì dì）。
nǚ 'ér
huáng cháng nǚ（ 1668 nián héng 1671 nián）， kāng xī qī nián shí yī yuè 'èr shí shēng； shí nián shí yuè shāng， shí nián sān suì。 mǔ shù fēi zhāng shì。
huáng 'èr nǚ（ 1671 nián héng 1673 nián）， kāng xī shí nián sān yuè chū jiǔ shēng； shí 'èr nián 'èr yuè shāng， shí nián sān suì。 mǔ shù fēi dǒng shì。
huáng sān nǚ， gù lún róng xiàn gōng zhù， mǔ shù fēi mǎ jiā shì。
huáng sì nǚ（ 1674 nián héng 1678 nián）， kāng xī shí sān nián 'èr yuè chū shí shēng， kāng xī shí qī nián shāng， shí nián wǔ suì。 mǔ shù fēi zhāng shì。
huáng wǔ nǚ， hé shuò duān jìng gōng zhù， mǔ guì rén zhào jiā shì。
huáng liù nǚ， gù lún kè jìng gōng zhù， mǔ guì rén guō luò luó shì。
huáng qī nǚ（ 1682 nián）， kāng xī 'èr shí yī nián liù yuè chū yī shēng， bā yuè jí shāng。 mǔ dé fēi wū yǎ shì。
huáng bā nǚ（ 1683 nián）， kāng xī 'èr shí 'èr nián liù yuè shí jiǔ shēng， rùn liù yuè shāng。 mǔ huáng guì fēi tóng jiā shì。
huáng jiǔ nǚ， gù lún wēn xiàn gōng zhù， mǔ dé fēi wū yǎ shì。
huáng shí nǚ， gù lún chún què gōng zhù， mǔ shù fēi nà lā shì。
huáng shí yī nǚ（ 1685 nián héng 1686 nián）， kāng xī 'èr shí sì nián jiǔ yuè 'èr shí qī shēng； èr shí wǔ nián wǔ yuè shāng。 mǔ wēn xī guì fēi niǔ hù lù shì。
huáng shí 'èr nǚ（ 1686 nián héng 1697 nián）， kāng xī 'èr shí wǔ nián rùn sì yuè 'èr shí sì shēng， kāng xī sān shí liù nián 'èr yuè zú， shí nián shí 'èr suì。 mǔ dé fēi wū yǎ shì。
huáng shí sān nǚ， hé shuò wēn kè gōng zhù， mǔ jìng pín zhāng jiā shì。
huáng shí sì nǚ， hé shuò què jìng gōng zhù， mǔ guì rén yuán shì。
huáng shí wǔ nǚ， hé shuò dūn kè gōng zhù， mǔ jìng pín zhāng jiā shì。
huáng shí liù nǚ（ 1695 nián héng 1707 nián）， kāng xī sān shí sì nián shí yuè 'èr shí yī shēng； sì shí liù nián shí yuè shāng， shí nián shí sān suì。 mǔ shù fēi wáng shì。
huáng shí qī nǚ（ 1698 nián héng 1700 nián）， kāng xī sān shí qī nián shí 'èr yuè shí 'èr shēng； sān shí jiǔ nián shí yī yuè shāng， shí nián sān suì。 mǔ shù fēi liú shì。
huáng shí bā nǚ（ 1701 nián）， kāng xī sì shí nián shí yuè shí bā shēng， bù jiǔ jí shāng。 mǔ hé pín guā 'ěr jiā shì。
huáng shí jiǔ nǚ（ 1703 nián héng 1705 nián）， kāng xī sì shí 'èr nián 'èr yuè shí sì shēng； sì shí sì nián 'èr yuè shāng， shí nián sān suì。 mǔ xiāng pín gāo shì。
huáng 'èr shí nǚ（ 1708 nián）， kāng xī sì shí qī nián shí yuè chū jiǔ shēng， shí 'èr yuè shāng。 mǔ shù fēi niǔ hù lù shì。
yǎng nǚ， gù lún chún xǐ gōng zhù， shèng zǔ dì gōng qīn wáng cháng níng cháng nǚ， mǔ shù fú jìn jìn shì。
kāng xī cháo gōng tíng dà shì nián biǎo
shùn zhì shí bā nián（ 1661 nián xīn chǒu）
[ kāng xī ]
kāng xī
zhēngyuè chū 'èr rì， shùn zhì dì huàn dòu， bìng wēi。 zhào yuán rèn dà xué shì má lè jí、 xué shì wáng xī qǐ cǎo yí zhào。 chū qī rì， shì yú yǎng xīn diàn。 yí zhào zhōng duì shí bā nián de cháo zhèng jìn xíng jiǎn tǎo， gòng yòu shí sì xiàng zuì zé。 yí zhào lì dì sān zǐ xuán yè wéi tài zǐ， tè mìng nèi dà chén suǒ ní、 sū kè sà hā、 è bì lóng、 áo bài sì dà chén fǔ zhèng， fǔ zuǒ nián jǐn bā suì de yòu dì。 chū bā rì， qiǎn guān bān xíng yí zhào yú quán guó。 chū jiǔ rì， xuán yè jí huáng dì wèi。
èr yuè yí shùn zhì dì zǐ gōng yú jǐng shān shòu huáng diàn。 cái chè shí sān yá mén。 zhū shā nèi jiān wú liáng fǔ。 shè lì wǔ bèi yuàn， zhuān mén zhì zuò shōu cáng gōng zhōng suǒ yòng jūn xiè jí chén shè qì wù。 zhào lìng jiāng níng、 sū zhōu、 háng zhōu sān zhì zào lì nèi wù fǔ。
sān yuè wéi shùn zhì dì shàng zūn shì“ zhāng huáng dì”， miào hào“ shì zǔ”。
sì yuè yǐ yī děng 'ā dá hā hā fān shì wèi fù dá lǐ suí zàng shùn zhì dì， yú jì zàng， shì zhōng liè。 zhèng chéng gōng shōu fù tái wān。 jiāng nán sū、 sōng、 cháng、 zhèn sì fǔ fā shēng zòu xiāo 'àn。
liù yuè bà nèi gé， fù nèi sān yuàn。
shí yī yuè kāng xī dì qīn sì yú huán qiū。 shì zǔ zhāng huáng dì shēng fù tài miào。
shí 'èr yuè píng xī wáng wú sān guì shuài dà jūn rù miǎn， miǎn diàn rén zhí míng yǒng lì dì zhū yóu láng yǐ xiàn。 zōng rén fǔ jìn《 yù dié》。
shì nián wéi fáng nèi dì mín zhòng yǔ zhèng chéng gōng kàng qīng shì lì lián xì， shí xíng hǎi jìn， lè lìng jiāng nán、 zhè jiāng、 fú jiàn、 guǎng dōng yán hǎi jū mín fēn bié nèi qiān sān shí lǐ zhì wǔ shí lǐ， bìng jìn shāo chuán zhǐ， piàn bǎn bù zhǔn xià hǎi， cǐ jí“ qiān hǎi lìng”。
kāng xī yuán nián（ 1662 nián rén yín）
èr yuè zhèng chéng gōng jiē shòu hé lán qīn lüè zhě kuí yī tóu jiàng。
sān yuè yǐ diān nán píng， gào miào jì líng， dà shè tiān xià。 zūn shì zǔ shān líng wéi xiào líng。
sì yuè jiā shàng tài zǔ、 tài zōng zūn shì。 wú sān guì shā nán míng yǒng lì dì fù zǐ yú kūn míng。 zhèng chéng gōng shì。
wǔ yuè xià zhì， kāng xī dì qīn jì dì yú fāng zé。
bā yuè zōng rén fǔ、 lǐ bù zūn yù yì wáng、 bèi lè、 bèi zǐ děng yòu yuàn fǔ yǎng nǚ zhě， zòu zhǔn fǔ yǎng， suí yǎng fù mǔ shēng jiàng。
shí yuè zūn huáng tài hòu wéi tài huáng tài hòu， zūn huáng hòu wéi rén xiàn huáng tài hòu， mǔ hòu wéi cí hé huáng tài hòu。
shí yī yuè wú zhī róng gào fā zhuāng tíng lóng sī xiū《 míng shǐ》。
kāng xī 'èr nián（ 1663 nián guǐ mǎo）
èr yuè cí hé huáng tài hòu tóng jiā shì shì。
sān yuè zhuāng tíng lóng《 míng shǐ》 àn fā shēng。
wǔ yuè zhào tiān xià qián liáng tǒng guī hù bù， bù sì yìng yòng， jù xiàng hù bù lǐng qǔ， zhù wéi lìng。 wéi cí hé huáng tài hòu shàng zūn shì xiào kāng xī cí hé zhuāng yì gōng huì chóng tiān yù shèng huáng hòu。 fèng yí shì zǔ zǐ gōng wǎng xiào líng， fèng 'ān dì gōng。
liù yuè zàng shì zǔ zhāng huáng dì yú xiào líng， xiào kāng huáng hòu、 duān jìng huáng hòu yǔ zhī hé zàng。
shí yī yuè gǎi zào fú líng、 zhāo líng dì gōng chéng， fèng 'ān tài zǔ、 tài zōng bǎo gōng。
kāng xī sān nián（ 1664 nián jiá chén）
sì yuè 'áo bài zòu nèi dà chén fèi yáng gǔ zhī zǐ shì wèi wō hè shàn qí yù mǎ， fèi yáng gǔ yuàn， bèi jí jiā qì shì。 zhào lìng gōng bù zhì rǎn jú guī nèi wù fǔ。
kāng xī sì nián（ 1665 nián jǐ sì）
èr yuè yù shǐ dǒng wén jì shū yán dà chén gèng yì xiān huáng dì zhì dù， fēi shì， yí yī qiē fù jiù。
sān yuè xiū shàn lì dài dì wáng miào。 fǔ zhèng dà chén yì qīn tiān jiān guān dé guó chuán jiào shì tānɡ ruò wàng zuì。
qī yuè yǐ tài huáng tài hòu yì zhǐ， pìn fǔ chén suǒ ní sūn nǚ、 nèi dà chén gá bù lá zhī nǚ hè shè lǐ shì wéi huáng hòu， xíng nà cǎi lǐ。
jiǔ yuè cè lì fǔ chén suǒ ní zhī sūn nǚ hè shè lǐ shì wéi huáng hòu。
shí yuè kāng xī dì shǒu zhì nán yuàn xiào shè xíng wéi。
kāng xī wǔ nián（ 1666 nián bǐng wǔ）
zhēngyuè fǔ chén 'áo bài yǔ sū kè sà hā yīn huàn dì xiāng zhēng， zì cǐ 'áo bài zhuān quán。
sān yuè fǔ chén suǒ ní qǐng huáng dì qīn zhèng， liú zhōng wèi fā。
shí yī yuè fǔ chén 'áo bài yǐ gǎi bō juàn dì， wū gào dà xué shì hù bù shàng shū sū nà hǎi、 zhí lì zǒng dū zhū chāng zuò、 xún fǔ wáng dēng lián děng zuì， dài bǔ xià yù。 ér fǔ chén zhōng de suǒ ní nián lǎo， è bì lóng ruǎn ruò， sū kè sà hā wàng qiǎn， jù bù néng kàng jù 'áo bài。
shí 'èr yuè 'áo bài jiáo zhǐ shā sū nà hǎi、 zhū chāng zuò、 wáng dēng lián。
kāng xī liù nián（ 1667 nián dīng wèi）
zhēngyuè fēng shì zǔ dì 'èr zǐ huáng xiōng fú quán wéi yù qīn wáng。
sì yuè jiā suǒ ní yī děng gōng。
liù yuè nèi hóng wén yuàn shì dú xióng cì lǚ shàng shū， chén shù dāng cháo mǎn hàn máo dùn jiān ruì、 zhì dù fèi chí。
qī yuè kāng xī dì qīn zhèng， yù tài hé diàn shòu hè， jiā 'ēn zhōng wài， dà shè。 shǐ yù qián qīng gōng tīng zhèng。 mìng wǔ zhí guān yī tǐ yǐn jiàn。 áo bài shā sū kè sà hā jí qí zǐ。 cì 'è bì lóng、 áo bài jiā yī děng gōng。
jiǔ yuè mìng xiū《 shì zǔ shí lù》。 kāng qīn wáng jié shū yì sū kè sà hā zuì。
shí yī yuè dōng zhì， sì tiān yú huán qiū， fèng shì zǔ zhāng huáng dì pèi xiǎng。
kāng xī qī nián（ 1668 nián wù shēn）
zhēngyuè jiàn xiào líng shén gōng shèng dé bēi。 jiā 'áo bài、 è bì lóng tài shī。
jiǔ yuè kāng xī dì jiāng xún biān， shì dú xué shì xióng cì lǚ、 jǐshìzhōng zhào zhī fú shū jiàn。 kāng xī dì zhǐ xíng， réng lìng yù shì zhí chén。
shí 'èr yuè zhì lì fǎ de bǐ lì shí chuán jiào shì nán huái rén hé zòu qīn tiān jiān jiān fù wú míng xuǎn。
kāng xī bā nián（ 1669 nián jǐ yǒu）
zhēngyuè xiū qián qīng gōng， kāng xī dì yí yù wǔ yīng diàn。 cǐ xì tài huáng tài hòu yì zhǐ：“ huáng dì xiàn jū qīng níng gōng， jí bǎo hé diàn yě。 yǐ diàn wéi gōng， yú xīn bù 'ān。 kě jiāng qián qīng gōng、 jiāo tài diàn xiū lǐ， huáng dì yí jū bǐ chù。”
èr yuè xíng nán huái rén tuī suàn lì fǎ。 xún shì jìn jī。
sān yuè jié shù qīng chū de lì fǎ zhī zhēng， shòu nán huái rén wéi qīn tiān jiān jiān fù。
sì yuè xìng tài xué， shì diàn kǒng zǐ， jiǎng《 zhōu yì》、《 shàng shū》。 jǐshìzhōng liú rú hàn qǐng jǔ xíng jīng yán， jiā nà zhī。
wǔ yuè zhào dài bǔ 'áo bài jiāo tíng jū。 shì rì， zài 'áo bài rù jiàn shí， shì wèi yǐ pū jī zhī xì zhuā bǔ zhī。 zì cǐ， shè shàn pū yíng， yǐ jìn chén lǐng zhī。 wáng dà chén yì 'áo bài sān shí dà zuì， dāng zhū zú。 kāng xī dì zhào lìng yǐ qí lǚ lì zhàn gōng， miǎn sǐ jū jìn， qí dǎng bān bù 'ěr shàn děng fú zhū。 duó 'è bì lóng tài shī、 yī děng gōng。 zhào yǒng tíng juàn dì， jīn nián yǐ juàn zhě gěi hái。
liù yuè zhào zōng rén yòu zuì， bù rěn kāi chú zōng jí， zì shùn zhì shí bā nián yǐ lái bèi xuē zōng jí zhě， yóu zōng rén fǔ xiáng chá yǐ wén。
qī yuè zhào fù bèi 'áo bài wū zuì de sū nà hǎi、 zhū chāng zuò、 wáng dēng lián yuán guān， bìng yú shì。
shí yuè lú gōu qiáo chéng， shàng wéi wén lè shí。
shí yī yuè tài hé diàn、 qián qīng gōng chéng， shàng yù tài hé diàn shòu hè， rù jū qián qīng gōng。
kāng xī jiǔ nián（ 1670 nián gēng xū）
zhēngyuè qí gǔ yú shàng dì， fèng tài zǔ gāo huáng dì、 tài zōng wén huáng dì、 shì zǔ zhāng huáng dì pèi xiǎng。 qǐ 'è bì lóng gōng jué， sù wèi nèi tíng。
wǔ yuè jiā shàng xiào kāng zhāng huáng hòu zūn shì， shēng fù tài miào。
qī yuè fèng sì xiào kāng zhāng huáng hòu yú fèng xiān diàn。
bā yuè zhào dū chá yuàn jiū chá péi sì wáng dà chén bān xíng bù sù zhě。 kāng xī dì fèng tài huáng tài hòu、 huáng tài hòu shǒu yè xiào líng。
shí yuè bān《 shèng yù》 shí liù tiáo。 gǎi nèi sān yuàn wéi nèi gé， fù shè zhōng hé diàn、 bǎo hé diàn、 wén huá diàn dà xué shì。 yù lǐ bù jǔ xíng jīng yán。
kāng xī shí nián（ 1671 nián xīn hài）
zhēngyuè fēng shì zǔ dì wǔ zǐ cháng nìngwéi gōng qīn wáng。
èr yuè mìng biān zuǎn《 xiào jīng yǎn yì》。
sān yuè gào jiè nián yòu zhū wáng dú shū xí qí shè， wù shì guì zòng zì。 shè zhì rì jiǎng guān。
sì yuè mìng xù xiū《 tài zǔ shèng xùn》、《 tài zōng shèng xùn》。 zhào zōng rén xiánsǎn jí yòu gū zhě， liàng yú yǎng shàn， zhù wéi lìng。 shǐ xíng rì jiǎng。
jiǔ yuè yǐ huán yǔ tǒng yī， gào chéng yú tài zǔ tài zōng líng。 fèng tài huáng tài hòu、 huáng tài hòu qǐ luán。 yè fú líng、 zhāo líng。 xìng shèng jīng， yù qīng níng gōng， cì bǎi guān yàn。 qiǎn guān jì zhū wáng zhū dà chén mù。
kāng xī shí yī nián（ 1672 nián rén zǐ）
èr yuè kāng xī dì zhì xiān nóng tán shǒu cì xíng gēng jí lǐ。 zhāorì yú dōng jiāo。
wǔ yuè《 shì zǔ shí lù》 biān zuǎn wán chéng。
shí yī yuè kāng xī dì xìng nán yuàn， jiàn xíng gōng。
shí 'èr yuè yù qīn wáng fú quán、 zhuāng qīn wáng bó guǒ duó、 huì jùn wáng bó wēng guǒ nuò、 wēn jùn wáng mèng 'é shū cí yì zhèng， yǔn zhī。 kāng qīn wáng jié shū、 ān qīn wáng yuè lè shū cí yì zhèng， bù xǔ。
kāng xī shí 'èr nián（ 1673 nián guǐ chǒu）
zhēngyuè xìng nán yuàn， dà yuè bā qí jiàngshì。 cǐ hòu huò xíng dà yuè yú lú gōu qiáo， huò yù quán shān， huò duō lún nuò 'ěr； dì wú yī dìng， shí jiān yì bù yǐ sān nián wéi xiàn。
èr yuè shàng yù jīng yán， mìng jiǎng guān rì zhí。 cì bā qí guān xué fān yì《 dà xué yǎn yì》。
sān yuè píng nán wáng shàng kě xǐ qǐng lǎo， xǔ zhī， yǐ qí zǐ zhī xìn sì fēng zhèn yuè， bù xǔ， lìng qí chè fān hái zhù liáo dōng。
liù yuè jìn zhǐ bā qí yǐ nú pú xùn zàng。
qī yuè mìng chóngxiū《 tài zōng shí lù》。 wú sān guì、 gěng jīng zhōng yáng qǐng chè fān， yǐ kuí cháo zhǐ。
bā yuè shì hàn kē dào guān yú bǎo hé diàn， bù chēng zhí zhě bà。 qiǎn guān fēn zhì yún nán、 guǎng dōng、 fú jiàn， jìn xíng chè fān。 yù lǐ bù： jì sì dà diǎn， bì yí wén xiáng bèi， nǎi kě zhāo gé。 mìng qí kǎo chá gǔ lǐ zhēn zhuó yì dìng。
jiǔ yuè yù zǒng guǎn tàijiàn kǎo chá gè gōng tàijiàn qín duò qíng kuàng。
shí yī yuè wú sān guì shā xún fǔ zhū guó zhì， jǔ bīng fǎn pàn。
shí 'èr yuè wú sān guì fǎn duì chè fān pàn luàn， xùn chuán jīng shī。 zhí qí zǐ 'é fù wú yìng xióng xià yù。 zhào xuē wú sān guì jué， xuān shì zhōng wài。 jīng shī mín yáng qǐ lóng wěi chēng zhū sān tài zǐ yǐ tú qǐ shì， shì fā， yáng qǐ lóng táo yì， qí dǎng bèi zhū。 cǐ wéi“ zhū sān tài zǐ 'àn”。 bà hàn guān cānyù jì táng zǐ zhī lǐ。
kāng xī shí sān nián（ 1674 nián jiá yín）
zhēngyuè fēng shì zǔ dì qī zǐ lóng xǐ wéi chún qīn wáng。
èr yuè guǎng xī jiāng jūn sūn yán líng pàn。 tài huáng tài hòu bān nèi kù yín kào shǎng píng sān fān qián xiàn jiàngshì。 qīn tiān jiān xīn zào yí xiàng chéng。
sān yuè gěng jīng zhōng pàn， zhí zǒng dū fàn chéng mó， bìng yāo tái wān zhèng jīng zhù gōng。
wǔ yuè huáng hòu hè shè shì yīn nán chǎn shì yú kūn níng gōng。 kāng xī dì wèicǐ chuò cháo wǔ rì， qīn sòng dà xíng huáng hòu zǐ gōng yú běi shā hé gǒng huá chéng bìn gōng。
liù yuè dìng yǐ nèi wù fǔ dà chén lǐng sān qí bāo yī hù jūn yíng fù zé gōng mén shǒu wèi jí hù cóng、 zhí dēng、 yǐn dǎo děng shì。
shí 'èr yuè kāng xī dì nǐ qián wǎng qīn zhēng sān fān pàn luàn， wáng dà chén yǐ jīng shī wéi gēn běn zhòng dì， qiě tài huáng tài hòu nián shì yǐ gāo， lì jiàn nǎi zhǐ。 tí dū wáng fǔ chén zài shǎn xī cè yìng sān fān pàn luàn， shā jīng lüè mò luò。
kāng xī shí sì nián（ 1675 nián yǐ mǎo）
sì yuè yǐ shàng yù què lì jīng yán de xíng shì wéi shì chén jìn jiǎng， rán hòu huáng dì fù jiǎng， hù xiāng tǎo lùn yǐ dá dào duì jīng yì yòu suǒ chǎn fā。
rùn wǔ yuè xìng yù quán shān guān hé。
jiǔ yuè kāng xī dì shǒu yè míng líng， zhì diàn cháng líng， qiǎn guān fēn jì zhū líng。
shí yī yuè fù shè zhān shì fǔ guān。
shí 'èr yuè lì huáng zǐ yìn réng wéi tài zǐ， qiǎn guān gào jì tiān dì tài miào shè jì， bān zhào zhōng wài， jiā 'ēn sì shè。
kāng xī shí wǔ nián（ 1676 nián bǐng chén）
zhēngyuè yǐ jiàn chǔ shàng tài huáng tài hòu、 huáng tài hòu huī hào。 yīn jūn xū hào fán， mín lì wéi jiān， zàn tíng rén xiào huáng hòu líng qǐn jiàn zào zhī gōng。
shí yuè kāng xī dì mìng jiǎng guān jìn jiǎng《 tōng jiàn》。 gěng jīng zhōng shì qióng 'ér jiàng， sān fān pàn yù zhè、 mǐn、 shǎn jiàn cì píng dìng。
kāng xī shí liù nián（ 1677 nián dīng sì）
èr yuè xìng nán yuàn xíng wéi。 dà yuè yú nán yuàn， mìng nèi dà chén、 dà xué shì、 xué shì zhū wén chén yì jù pī jiá。
sān yuè gǎi shùn zhì nián jiān shí sān yá mén de xiāng guān jī gòu fēn bié wéi nèi wù fǔ de guǎng chǔ sī、 dū yú sī、 zhǎng yí sī、 kuàijì sī、 yíng zào sī、 shèn xíng sī、 qìng fēng sī、 shàng sì yuàn， bìng yú qí xià shè lì jìng shì fáng。 zhào lìng nèi wù fǔ sān qí měi qí biān wéi wǔ zuǒ lǐng， shè xiāo qí、 hù jūn cān lǐng， yóu xiāo qí cān lǐng jiān guǎn qí wù。 mìng hàn lín cháng yú cí fù shū fǎ zhě， yǐ suǒ yè jìn chéng。 rèn mìng jìn fǔ wéi hé dū， zhěng zhì hé wù。
qī yuè kāng xī dì yù biàn diàn， zhào dà xué shì děng cì zuò， lùn jīng shǐ， jiān jí qián dài péng dǎng zhī bì duān， yù yán jiā jǐng jiè。 fēng shì zǔ rǔ mǔ pǔ shì wéi fèng shèng fū rén， dǐng mào fú sè zhào gōng fū rén pǐn jí。
bā yuè cè lì nèi dà chén 'è bì lóng zhī nǚ guì fēi niǔ hù lù shì wéi huáng hòu， tóng jiā shì wéi guì fēi， hè shè lǐ shì wéi xī pín， lǐ shì wéi 'ān pín， zhāng jiā shì wéi jìng pín， dǒng shì wéi duān pín。 nèi wù fǔ zǒng guǎn dà chén xiàng 'èr shí jiā nèi guǎn zuǒ lǐng chuán yù： gōng nèi yī yìng fú yì xíng zǒu nǚ rén， fán yòu shì jìn gōng， gōng shì bì jí yìng chū wài， bù xǔ jiǔ tíng xián zuò， jiāng wài jiànshì xiàng nèi chuán shuō， bìng qiè tīng gōng nèi shì wǎng wài chuán shuō。
jiǔ yuè shàng fā jīng shī， yè xiào líng， xún jìn biān。
shí yuè shǐ shè nán shū fáng， mìng shì jiǎng xué shì zhāng yīng、 zhōng shū gāo shì qí rù zhí。
shí yī yuè fēng cháng bái shān shén， qiǎn guān wàng jì。
kāng xī 'èr shí sān nián（ 1684 nián jiá zǐ） zhēngyuè mìng zhěng sù cháo huì lǐ yí。 shǒu cì zuǎn xiū《 dà qīng huì diǎn》， zì chóng dé yuán nián zhì kāng xī 'èr shí wǔ nián。
èr yuè yǐ sà kè sù bīng lín yǎ kè sà。
sì yuè yù jiǎng guān， jiǎng zhāng yǐ jīng qiē míng xī wéi shàng， wú qǔ fán yǎn。
jiǔ yuè kāng xī dì chū cì nán xún qǐ luán。
shí yuè kāi fàng hǎi jìn。 nán xún tú jìng huáng hé， shì chá běi 'àn zhū xiǎn。
shí yī yuè nán xún zhì jiāng níng， yè míng xiào líng。 huí luán shí cì qū fù， yì kǒng miào， zhān xiān shèng xiàng， jiǎng《 rì jīng》， yì kǒng lín lèi jiǔ， shū“ wàn shì shī biǎo”， liú qū bǐng huáng gài。 shì nián， yòng shī láng yì， yú tái wān shè fǔ、 xiàn děng， lì fú jiàn xíng shěng。 kāng xī sān shí wǔ nián（ 1696 nián bǐng zǐ）
zhēngyuè xià zhào qīn zhēng gá 'ěr dān。 yú xī yuàn jiāo yuán shè nèi jiān guān xué， yǐ chì shòu tàijiàn dú shū。
èr yuè kāng xī dì qīn tǒng liù shī qǐ xíng， zhēng gá 'ěr dān。 mìng huáng tài zǐ liú shǒu， fán bù yuàn zhāng zòu tīng huáng tài zǐ chǔlǐ。 fēi hè shè lǐ shì shì， zhuī zèng píng fēi。
wǔ yuè zhēn zhī gá 'ěr dān suǒ zài， kāng xī dì shuài qián fēng xiān fā， zhū jūn zhāng liǎng yì 'ér jìn。 qián shào zhōng shū 'ā bì dá tàn bào gá 'ěr dān wén zhī huáng shàng qīn shuài dà jūn 'ér lái， jīng jù táo dùn。 kāng xī dì shuài qīng qí zhuī jī。 shàng shū huáng tài hòu， bèi chén jūn kuàng， bìng yuē qī huí jīng。 kāng xī dì zhuī zhì tuō nà 'ā lín 'ér hái， mìng nèi dà chén mǎ sī kā zhuī zhī。 kāng xī dì bān shī。 fǔ yuǎn dàjiàng jūn fèi yáng gǔ dà bài gá 'ěr dān yú zhāo mò duō（ jīn měnggǔ rén mín gòng hé guó wū lán bā tuō dōng nán）， zhǎn shǒu sān qiān， zhèn zhǎn qí qī 'ā nú。 gá 'ěr dān yǐ shù qí táo dùn。
qī yuè yǐ píng dìng shuò mò lè shí yú tài xué。
shí yuè dàjiàng jūn fèi yáng gǔ xiàn fú zhì。
shí yī yuè gá 'ěr dān qiǎn shǐ qǐ jiàng， qí shǐ gé lěi gū yīng zhì， gài wēi tàn kāng xī dì de zhǐ yì。 kāng xī dì gào zhī shuō：“ sì 'ěr qī shí rì， guò cǐ jí jìn bīng。”
kāng xī sān shí liù nián（ 1697 nián dīng chǒu）
zhēngyuè shàng yù：“ zhèn guān《 míng shǐ》， yī dài bìng wú nǚ hòu yù zhèng， yǐ chén líng jūn zhī shì。 wǒ cháo shì lì， yīn zhī zhě duō。 zhèn bù sì qián rén zhé jī wáng guó yě。 xiàn xiū《 míng shǐ》， qí yǐ cǐ yù zēng rù chì shū。”
èr yuè kāng xī dì zài cì qīn zhēng gá 'ěr dān yú níng xià， mìng huáng tài zǐ liú shǒu jīng shī。 qiǎn guān jì huáng hé zhī shén。
sān yuè kāng xī dì zhù bì níng xià， chá xù zhāo mò duō、 wēng jīn zhèn wáng bīng shì。 jì hè lán shān。 shàng yuè bīng。 mìng shì wèi yǐ yù yòng shí wù jūn cì zhàn shì。
sì yuè kāng xī dì huí luán。 fèi yáng gǔ shū bào rùn sān yuè shí sān rì gá 'ěr dān yǎng yào sǐ。 kāng xī dì shuài bǎi guān xíng bài tiān lǐ。 chì zhū lù bān shī。
qī yuè yǐ shuò mò píng dìng， qiǎn guān gào jì jiāo miào、 líng qǐn、 xiān shī。
shí yuè shǐ lìng zōng shì jí mǎn zhōu zhū shēng yìng xiāng shì、 huì shì。
shí yī yuè hé shuò kè jìng gōng zhù xià jià kā 'ěr kā jùn wáng dūn bù duō 'ěr jì。
kāng xī sān shí qī nián（ 1698 nián wù yín）
zhēngyuè kāng xī dì xún xìng wǔ tái shān。 mìng huáng zhǎngzǐ yǔn zhī、 dà xué shì yī sāng 'ā jì jīn tài zǔ、 shì zōng líng。
sān yuè fēng huáng zhǎngzǐ yǔn zhī wéi zhí jùn wáng、 huáng sān zǐ yìn zhǐ wéi chéng jùn wáng， huáng sì zǐ yǔn zhēn、 huáng wǔ zǐ yǔn qí、 huáng qī zǐ yǔn yòu、 huáng bā zǐ yǔn sì jù wéi bèi lè。
wǔ yuè cái shàng lín yuàn。
qī yuè mìng lì bù yuè xuǎn tóng、 tōng、 zhōu、 xiàn guān yǐn jiàn。 bà zhōu xīn hé chéng， cì míng yǒng dìng hé， jiàn hé shén miào。 fèng huáng tài hòu dōng xún， qǔ dào sài wài。
bā yuè xún xìng sài wài， fèng huáng tài hòu lín xìng kā lā qìn duān jìng gōng zhù fǔ dǐ， cì jīn bì jí qí 'é fù gá 'ěr zāng。 huáng tài hòu wàng jì fù mǔ yú fā kù shān。 cì duān mǐn gōng zhù jí qí 'é fù dá 'ěr hàn qīn wáng bān dì jīn bì。
jiǔ yuè kāng xī dì cì kè 'ěr sū， lín kē 'ěr qìn qīn wáng xiào zhuāng wén huáng hòu zhī fù mǎn zhū xí lǐ mù qián lèi jiǔ xíng lǐ。
shí yuè kāng xī dì xíng wéi yú huī fā。 zhù bì xīng jīng， yè yǒng líng， qiǎn guān cì diàn wǔ gōng jùn wáng lǐ dūn mù。 yè fú líng、 zhāo líng， lín diàn wǔ xūn wáng yáng gǔ lì、 zhí yì gōng fèi yīng dōng、 hóng yì gōng 'é yí dū mù。
shí 'èr yuè yù zōng rén fǔ：“ xiánsǎn zōng shì， cái lì gànjì， jīng yú qí shè， jí pín wú shēng jì zhě， gè chá shí yǐ wén。”
kāng xī sān shí bā nián（ 1699 nián jǐ mǎo） zhēngyuè fā bù nán xún zhào zhǐ： yī qiē gōngjǐ， yóu jīng bèi bàn， wù rǎo mín jiān。
èr yuè dì sān cì nán xún qǐ luán。
sān yuè kāng xī dì yuè huáng hé dī。 zhù háng zhōu， yuè bīng jiào shè。
sì yuè chē jià zhù jiāng níng， yuè bīng。
wǔ yuè chē jià cì zhòng jiā zhá， shū“ shèng mén zhī zhé” é， xuán xiān xián zǐ lù cí。
rùn qī yuè fēi zhāng jiā shì shì， shì wéi mǐn fēi。 chéng jùn wáng yìn zhǐ wéi qí suǒ shēng， bù jí bǎi rì tì fā， jiàng wéi bèi lè。
shí yuè shì yǒng dìng hé gōng chéng， mìng zhí jùn wáng yìn zhī shuài lǐng bā qí bīng dīng xié zhù xiū yǒng dìng hé dī。
kāng xī sān shí jiǔ nián（ 1700 nián gēng chén）
zhēngyuè yuè shì yǒng dìng hé gōng chéng。
èr yuè qīn zì zhǐ shì xiū yǒng dìng hé fāng lüè。 mìng fèi yáng gǔ、 yī sāng 'ā kǎo shì zōng shì zǐ dì qí shè。
liù yuè jiàn hǎi shén miào。 tíng zōng shì kē jǔ。
shí yuè huáng tài hòu liù xún wàn shòu jié， kāng xī dì zhì《 wàn shòu wú jiāng fù》， qīn shū wéi píng jìn xiàn。 xún yuè yǒng dìng hé。
shí yī yuè mìng zhuó yì guān rú xíng qǔ lì yǐn jiàn。
kāng xī sì shí nián（ 1701 nián xīn sì）
zhēngyuè yǐ hé bó xiào líng， fēng wéi jīn lóng sì dà wáng。
wǔ yuè yù shǐ zhāng yuàn qǐng huǐ qián míng nèi jiān wèi zhōng xián mù， cóng zhī。
kāng xī sì shí yī nián（ 1702 nián rén wǔ）
zhēngyuè zhào xiū guó zǐ jiān。
liù yuè kāng xī dì zhì《 xùn chì shì zǐ wén》， bān fā zhí shěng， lè shí xué gōng。
jiǔ yuè dì sì cì nán xún。
shí yuè xíng zhì dé zhōu， huáng tài zǐ bìng， zhōng tú huí luán。
shí yī yuè mìng xiū yǔ líng。
shì nián xiàn zhì wài guān suí dài jiā kǒu rén shù。
kāng xī sì shí 'èr nián（ 1703 nián guǐ wèi）
zhēngyuè dà xué shì zhū chén zhù hè kāng xī dì wǔ xún wàn shòu， jìn“ wàn shòu wú jiāng” píng fēng， què zhī， jǐn shōu qí xiě cè。 nán xún， yuè shì huáng hé。
sān yuè wàn shòu jié， cháo huáng tài hòu gōng， miǎn tíng chén cháo hè， bān 'ēn zhào、 juān 'é fù、 chá xiào yì、 xù pín qióng、 jǔ yí yì， bān cì qīn wáng、 jùn wáng yǐ xià wén wǔ bǎi guān yòu chā。 cì nèi tíng xiū shū jǔ rén wāng hào、 hé chāo、 jiǎng tíng xī jìn shì， yī tǐ diàn shì。
wǔ yuè yù qīn wáng fú quán yòu jí， kāng xī dì lián rì shì zhī。 nèi dà chén suǒ 'é tú tiǎo suō huáng tài zǐ， bèi xuān bù wéi“ tiān xià dì yī zuì rén”， jū jìn yú zōng rén fǔ。
liù yuè xún xìng sài wài。
shí yuè xī xún shān shǎn zhū shěng， mìng huáng sān zǐ yìn zhǐ kān chá sān mén dǐ zhù。
shí yī yuè cì hóng tóng， qiǎn guān jì nǚ wā líng。 qiǎn guān jì xī yuè。 zhù xī 'ān， yuè zhù fáng guān bīng jiào shè。
shí 'èr yuè cì cí zhōu， yù shū“ xián zhé yí xiū” é xuán xiān xián zǐ gòng mù。
kāng xī sì shí sān nián（ 1704 nián jiá shēn）
èr yuè fēng huái shén wéi cháng yuán yòu shùn dà huái zhī shén， yù shū“ líng dòu 'ān lán” é xuán zhī。
sì yuè mìng shì wèi lā xī chá shì huáng hé hé yuán。
liù yuè cì sì pǐn diǎn yí líng zhù nǚ niǔ hù lù shì yú huáng sì zǐ yìn zhēn yú fān dǐ。 yú wǔ yīng diàn kāi jú xiū《 pèi wén yùn fǔ》
shí yuè bān nèi zhì tóng dǒu tóng shēng yú hù bù， mìng yǐ tiě zhì bān xíng。
shí yī yuè gào jiè xiū《 míng shǐ》 shǐ chén hé gōng lùn， míng shì fēi， yǐ chéng xìn shǐ。
shí 'èr yuè yǐ yù zhì shī jí cì tíng chén。
kāng xī sì shí sì nián（ 1705 nián yǐ yǒu）
zhēngyuè《 gǔ wén yuān jiàn》 chéng， bān cì tíng chén， jí yú xué gōng。
èr yuè kāng xī dì dì wǔ cì nán xún yuè hé。 yán jìn tàijiàn yǔ gè gōng nǚ zǐ rèn qīn qī、 shū bó、 jiě mèi， wéi zhě zhì yú zhòng diǎn。
sān yuè zhù bì sū zhōu， mìng xuǎn jiāng nán、 zhè jiāng jǔ、 gòng、 shēng、 jiān shàn shū zhě rù jīng xiū shū。 jiāng níng zhì zào cáo yín xiào kān《 quán táng shī》 chéng。 cì dà xué shì mǎ qí děng《 huáng yú biǎo》。
shí yuè chóngxiū huá yīn xī yuè miào chéng， shàng zhì bēi wén。
shí yī yuè guó zǐ jiān luò chéng， yù shū“ yí lún táng” é。
shì nián kāng xī dì yǔ luó mǎ jiào tíng fā shēng chōng tū， qīng xiàng jìn jiào。
kāng xī sì shí wǔ nián（ 1706 nián bǐng xū）
wǔ yuè xún xìng sài wài。 jiàn bì shǔ shān zhuāng yú rè hé， wéi měi nián qiū xiǎn zhù bì xíng gōng。
liù yuè zhào xiū《 gōng chén chuán》。
qī yuè shàng zhù bì rè hé。
shí yuè xíng wǔ diàn shì。
shí yī yuè dá lài lá má yuán jì， qí xià dì bā yǐn nì， yòu lì jiǎ dá lài， lā cáng hàn shā dì bā 'ér xiàn wěi dá lài。
kāng xī sì shí liù nián（ 1707 nián dīng hài）
zhēngyuè kāng xī dì dì liù cì nán xún。
liù yuè xún xìng sài wài。 huáng sān zǐ yìn zhǐ yíng kāng xī dì yú zì jǐ dǐ yuán， shì yàn， sì shì suì yǐ wéi cháng。 nán shū fáng hàn lín chén bāng yàn ji táng sòng yuán míng tí huà zhū shī chéng， kāng xī dì qīn wéi yuè dìng chéng《 lì dài tí huà shī lèi》 yī bù。
qī yuè zhù bì rè hé。 xún xìng zhū měnggǔ bù luò。
kāng xī sì shí qī nián（ 1708 nián wù zǐ）
zhēngyuè chóngxiū nán yuè miào chéng， yù zhì bēi wén。
sì yuè bǔ huò míng chóng zhēn dì hòu yì， nián yǐ qī xún de zhū sān jí qí zǐ， zhǎn yú shì。 chóngxiū běi zhèn miào chéng， yù zhì bēi wén。
liù yuè zhù bì rè hé。《 qīng wén jiàn》 chéng， shàng zhì xù wén。
qī yuè《 píng dìng shuò mò fāng lüè》 chéng， shàng zhì xù wén。
jiǔ yuè zhào jí tíng chén yú xíng gōng， xuān shì huáng tài zǐ yìn réng zuì zhuàng， mìng jū zhí zhī， sòng jīng yōu jìn。 hái jīng。 fèi huáng tài zǐ yìn réng， bān shì tiān xià。
shí yuè yì zhèng dà chén huì yì， yì huáng bā zǐ yìn sì móu qiú chǔ wèi zuì， xuē qí bèi lè jué。
shí yī yuè huáng sān zǐ yìn zhǐ gào huáng zhǎngzǐ yìn zhī zhòu yǎn huáng tài zǐ， xuē qí zhí jùn wáng jué， yōu zhī。 fù dū yù shǐ láo zhī biàn zòu bǎo fèi tài zǐ， duó zhí zhàng zhī。 zhào tíng chén yì jiàn chǔ zhī shì， ā líng 'ā、 è lún dài、 wáng hóng xù jí zhū dà chén yǐ huáng bā zǐ yìn sì qǐng， kāng xī dì bù yǔn。 shì fèi tài zǐ yìn réng。 wáng dà chén qǐng fù lì yìn réng wéi tài zǐ。 fù yìn sì bèi lè。
shí 'èr yuè shè jú xiào kān《 píng dìng shuò mò fāng lüè》， zì shì měi cì dà zhàn hòu jūn xiū fāng lüè。
kāng xī sì shí bā nián（ 1709 nián jǐ chǒu）
zhēngyuè zhào jí tíng chén， shěn wèn shuí wéi shǒu chàng lì yìn sì zhě， qún chén huáng kǒng。 nǎi wèn zhāng tíng yù， duì yuē“ wén zhī mǎ qí”， cì rì， liè mǎ qí zuì zhuàng， yòu sǐ jū jìn。 hòu chá qí yòu wū， shì fàng mǎ qí。
sān yuè fù lì yìn réng wéi tài zǐ， zhāo gào zōng miào， bān zhào tiān xià。
sì yuè yí jìn yìn zhī yú gōng suǒ， qiǎn guān shuài bīng jiān shǒu。
shí yuè cè fēng huáng sān zǐ yìn zhǐ chéng qīn wáng， huáng sì zǐ yìn zhēn yōng qīn wáng， huáng wǔ zǐ yìn qí héng qīn wáng， huáng qī zǐ yìn yòu chún jùn wáng， huáng shí zǐ yìn（ shì wǒ） dūn jùn wáng， huáng jiǔ zǐ yìn táng、 huáng shí 'èr zǐ yìn táo、 huáng shí sì zǐ yìn tí jù wéi bèi lè。 yú jīng xī chàng chūn yuán zhī běi jiàn yuán míng yuán， cì yú huáng sì zǐ yìn zhēn jū zhù。
kāng xī sì shí jiǔ nián（ 1710 nián gēng yín）
zhēngyuè huáng tài hòu qī xún wàn shòu， yù lǐ bù：“ mǎ kè shì wǔ， nǎi mǎn zhōu yán yàn dà lǐ， diǎn zhì lóng zhòng。 jīn suì huáng tài hòu qī xún dà qìng， zhèn yì wǔ shí yòu qī， yù qīn wǔ chēng shāng。” mìng kān kè《 yuān jiàn lèi hán》 sì shí sì bù。 mìng xiū《 mǎn hàn hé bì qīng wén jiàn》。
èr yuè xún xìng wǔ tái shān。
sān yuè mìng biān zuǎn《 zì diǎn》， jí hòu lái suǒ chēng de《 kāng xī zì diǎn》。
shí yuè xià zhào， zì kāng xī wǔ shí nián kāi shǐ， pǔ miǎn tiān xià qián liáng， sān nián 'ér biàn。 zhí lì、 fèng tiān、 zhè jiāng、 fú jiàn、 guǎng dōng、 guǎng xī、 sì chuān、 yún nán、 guì zhōu jiǔ shěng dì dīng qián liáng， chá míng quán miǎn。
kāng xī wǔ shí nián（ 1711 nián xīn mǎo）
zhēngyuè shì chá tōng zhōu hé dī。
èr yuè yuè kuāng 'ér gǎng， mìng jiàn tiǎo shuǐ bà， cì hé xī wù， kāng xī dì dēng 'àn xíng liǎng lǐ xǔ， qīn zhì yí qì， dìng fāng xiàng， dǐng chūn mù， yǐ jì zhàngliáng zhī chù。
sān yuè shàng shū gěng 'é děng shù míng dà chén yǐ“ wéi tài zǐ jié dǎng huì yǐn” zuì shòu fá。
qī yuè qiū xiǎn mù lán。
bā yuè huáng sì zǐ yìn zhēn dì sì zǐ hóng lì（ jí hòu lái de qián lóng huáng dì） chū shēng， mǔ wéi sì pǐn diǎn yí líng zhù nǚ niǔ hù lù shì； dì wǔ zǐ hóng zhòu shēng， mǔ wéi guǎn lǐng gěng dé zhī nǚ gé gé gěng shì。
shí yuè mìng zhāng péng hé zhì yù yáng zhōu， chǔzhì jiāng nán kē chǎng 'àn。
kāng xī wǔ shí yī nián（ 1712 nián rén chén）
zhēngyuè mìng nèi wài dà chén jù zhé chén shì。 zòu zhé zì cǐ shǐ。
èr yuè mìng zhuó yì wǔ guān zhào wén guān yǐn jiàn。 zhào yuē：“ chéng píng rì jiǔ， shēng chǐ rì fán。 sì hòu zī shēng hù kǒu， wú yōng gèng chū dīng qián， jí yǐ běn nián dīng shù wéi dìng 'é， zhù wéi lìng。” cǐ wéi“ zī shēng rén dīng yǒng bù jiā fù” zhèng cè。
sì yuè zhào míng nián liù xún wàn shòu， èr yuè tè xíng xiāng shì， bā yuè huì shì。
jiǔ yuè huáng tài zǐ yìn réng fù yǐ zuì fèi， jìn gù yú xián 'ān gōng。
shí yī yuè yǐ fù fèi tài zǐ gào miào， xuān shì tiān xià。
kāng xī wǔ shí 'èr nián（ 1713 nián guǐ sì）
èr yuè dà chén zhào shēn qiáo shū yán tài zǐ guó běn， yìng xíng cè lì。 shàng yǐ jiàn chǔ dà shì， wèi kě qīng dìng， xuān yù tíng chén， yǐ yuán shū hái zhī yú yǐ fǒu jué。
sān yuè liù xún wàn shòu jié， jǔ xíng qiān sǒu yàn， cǐ wéi qiān sǒu yàn zhī chuàng shǐ。 huáng 'èr shí 'èr zǐ yìn hù shēng， mǔ wéi shù fēi hè tú shì。
qī yuè zhào zōng rén xuē shǔ jí zhě， zǐ sūn fēn bié xì hóng dài、 zǐ dài， zài míng《 yù dié》。
shì nián zhào xiū《 lǜ lǚ》 zhū shū， yú chàng chūn yuán méng yǎng zhāi lì guǎn， qiú hǎi nèi chàng xiǎo lè lǜ zhě。
kāng xī wǔ shí sān nián（ 1714 nián jiá wǔ）
zhēngyuè mìng xiū tán miào diàn tíng yuèqì。
èr yuè qián shàng shū wáng hóng xù jìn《 míng shǐ lièzhuàn》 èr bǎi bā shí juàn， mìng fù shǐ guǎn。
shí yuè mìng dà xué shì、 nán shū fáng hàn lín kǎo dìng yuèzhāng。
shí yī yuè chéng qīn wáng yìn zhǐ děng yǐ yù zhì《 lǜ lǚ zhèng yì》 jìn chéng， dé zhǐ：“ lǜ lǚ、 lì fǎ、 suàn fǎ sān shū gòng wéi yī bù， míng《 lǜ lì yuān yuán》。” dōng zhì， sì tiān yú huán qiū， zòu xīn lè。
kāng xī wǔ shí sì nián（ 1715 nián yǐ wèi）
zhēngyuè zhào bèi lè yìn sì、 yán shòu nì zhí， tíng shí fèng。
shí yuè yù dà xué shì：“ zhèn yòu shǒu bìng bù néng xiě zì， yòng zuǒ shǒu zhí bǐ pī dá zòu zhé， qī yú bù xiè lòu yě。”
shí yī yuè fèi tài zǐ yìn réng yǐ fán shuǐ zuò shū， zhǔ dà chén pǔ qí jǔ jǐ wéi dàjiàng jūn， shì fā， pǔ qí huò zuì。
shì nián tíng gěi huáng bā zǐ yìn sì jué fèng。 yú jīng jī xiǎo tānɡ shān jiàn tānɡ shān xíng gōng。
kāng xī wǔ shí wǔ nián（ 1716 nián bǐng shēn）
shí yī yuè zhǔn gá 'ěr bù cè wàng 'ā lā bù tǎn huò luàn xīzàng。
shì nián xiào kān《 kāng xī zì diǎn》， kāng xī dì zì wéi xù。
kāng xī wǔ shí liù nián（ 1717 nián dīng yǒu）
zhēngyuè xiū《 zhōu yì zhé zhōng》 chéng， bān xíng xué gōng。
wǔ yuè jiǔ qīng yì wáng bèi lè chāirén chū wài， chá wú kān hé， jí xíng cān jiū。
qī yuè cè wàng 'ā lā bù tǎn qiǎn jiāng qīn rǎo xīzàng， shā lā cáng hàn， qiú qí suǒ lì dá lài。
shí yī yuè huáng tài hòu bù yù， shàng shěng jí cí níng gōng。 fā bù zhào shū， huí gù yī shēng， chǎn shù wéi jūn zhī nán； bìng yán zì jīn chūn kāi shǐ yòu tóuyūn zhī zhèng， xíng jiàn xiāo shòu； tè zhào zhū zǐ zhū qīng xiáng yì lì chǔ dà shì。
shí 'èr yuè huáng tài hòu shì。 kāng xī dì yì bìng qī shí yú rì， jiǎo miàn fú zhǒng。
shì nián jìn fù nán yáng mào yì， fù dōng yáng zhě zhào jiù。
kāng xī wǔ shí qī nián（ 1718 nián wù xū）
èr yuè hàn lín yuàn jiǎn tǎo zhū tiān bǎo shàng shū qǐng fù lì yìn réng wéi huáng tài zǐ， kāng xī dì yú xíng gōng xùn chì zhī， yǐ qí zhī 'ér wéi zhǐ shàng zòu， shí nǎi bù zhōng bù xiào zhī rén， mìng zhū zhī。
sān yuè shàng dà xíng huáng hòu shì hào wéi xiào huì rén xiàn duān yì chún dé shùn tiān yì shèng zhāng huáng hòu。 cái qǐ jū zhù guān。
sì yuè zàng xiào huì zhāng huáng hòu yú xiào dōng líng。
qī yuè xiū《 xǐngfāng shèng diǎn》。
shí yuè mìng huáng shí sì zǐ yìn tí wéi fǔ yuǎn dàjiàng jūn， jìn jūn qīng hǎi。 mìng hàn lín、 kē dào guān rù zhí。 mìng huáng qī zǐ yìn yòu、 huáng shí zǐ yìn、 huáng shí 'èr zǐ yìn táo fēn lǐ zhèng huáng、 zhèng bái、 zhèng lán mǎn méng hàn sān qí shì wù。
shí 'èr yuè xiào huì zhāng huáng hòu shēng fù tài miào， wèi yú xiào kāng zhāng huáng hòu zhī zuǒ， bān zhào tiān xià。 jìn hé pín wéi hé fēi， cè fēng shù fēi wáng shì wéi mì pín， chén shì wéi qín pín， fēng shì zǔ dào fēi zhī zhí nǚ bó 'ěr jì jí tè shì wéi xuān fēi， cè fēng dài jiā shì wéi chéng fēi， hā liú hā shì wéi dìng pín。
kāng xī wǔ shí bā nián（ 1719 nián jǐ hài）
zhēngyuè zhào lì gōng zhī chén tuì xián， shì zhí zhǔn zǐ dì chéng xí， ruò wú chéng xí zhī rén， gěi fèng zhōng qí shēn。
èr yuè xué shì jiǎng tíng xī biǎo jìn《 huáng yú quán lǎn tú》， bān cì tíng chén。
sì yuè mìng fǔ yuǎn dàjiàng jūn yìn tí zhù shī xī níng。
shí yuè mìng méng yǎng zhāi jǔ rén wáng lán shēng xiū《 zhèng yīn yùn tú》
kāng xī wǔ shí jiǔ nián（ 1720 nián gēng zǐ）
èr yuè cè fēng xīn hú bì lè hǎn wéi liù shì dá lài lá má， jié shù liǎo wǔ shì dá lài lá má zhī hòu de xīzàng zōng jiào lǐng xiù bù dìng de jú miàn。
shí yuè zhào fǔ yuǎn dàjiàng jūn yìn tí huì yì míng nián shī qī。 huáng sān zǐ yìn zhǐ zhī zǐ hóng shèng bèi fēng wéi shì zǐ， huáng wǔ zǐ yìn qí zhī zǐ hóng shēng wéi shì zǐ， bān fèng jūn shì bèi zǐ。 dìng wài fān cháo jìn nián lì。
kāng xī liù shí nián（ 1721 nián xīn chǒu）
zhēngyuè kāng xī dì yǐ yù jí liù shí nián， qiǎn huáng sì zǐ yìn zhēn、 huáng shí 'èr zǐ yìn táo、 shì zǐ hóng shèng jì yǒng líng、 fú líng、 zhāo líng。
sān yuè dà xué shì wáng shàn xiān mì shū fù chǔ， hòu yù shǐ táo yí děng shí sān rén shū qǐng jiàn chǔ， kāng xī dì bù xǔ， wáng shàn、 táo yí děng bèi zhì zuì， qiǎn wǎng jūn qián xiào lì。
sì yuè zhào lí dìng lì dài dì wáng miào chóng sì sì diǎn。
jiǔ yuè shàng zhì píng dìng xīzàng bēi wén。
shí yuè zhào fǔ yuǎn dàjiàng jūn yìn tí lái jīng。
kāng xī liù shí yī nián（ 1722 nián rén yín）
zhēngyuè jǔ xíng qiān sǒu yàn， kāng xī dì fù shī， zhū chén shǔ hé， tí yuē《 qiān sǒu yàn shī》。
sān yuè zhì huáng sì zǐ yìn zhēn dǐ yuán yǐn jiǔ shǎng huā， mìng jiāng qí zǐ hóng lì yǎng yù gōng zhōng。
shí yuè mìng yōng qīn wáng yìn zhēn děng shì chá cāng chǔ。
shí zhēngyuè kāng xī dì bù yù， hái zhù chàng chūn yuán。 mìng huáng sì zǐ yìn zhēn gōng dài sì tiān。 bìng shì。 jí xī yí rù dà nèi fā sàng。 yí zhào huáng sì zǐ yìn zhēn jì wèi， shì wèi yōng zhèng dì。 yí zhào zhēn wěi， yǐn fā jì wèi zhī mí。 yǐ bèi lè yìn sì、 huáng shí sān zǐ yìn xiáng， dà xué shì mǎ qí、 shàng shū lóng kē duō wéi zǒng lǐ shì wù wáng dà chén。 zhào fǔ yuǎn dàjiàng jūn yìn tí huí jīng bēn sàng。 chéng qīn wáng yǔn zhǐ shàng shū， yuán lì chén qǐng jiāng zhū huáng zǐ míng zhōng yìn zì gǎi wéi yǔn zì。
shí 'èr yuè fēng yǔn sì wéi lián qīn wáng， shòu lǐ fān yuàn shàng shū， yǔn xiáng wéi yí qīn wáng， yǔn táo wéi lǚ jùn wáng， yǐ fèi tài zǐ yǔn réng zhī zǐ hóng xī wéi lǐ jùn wáng， yǐ lóng kē duō wéi lì bù shàng shū。 yí tài fēi chēng bìng zuò sì rén ruǎn tà jiàn yōng zhèng dì 'ér shòu xùn chì。 shǐ shòu tàijiàn guān jí， dìng wǔ pǐn zǒng guǎn yī rén， wǔ pǐn tàijiàn sān rén， liù pǐn tàijiàn 'èr rén。 gēngdìng lì dài dì wáng miào sì diǎn， zhào《 gǔ jīn tú shū jí chéng》 yī shū shàng wéi jùn shì， yí sù jǔ yuān tōng zhī shì biān ji chéng shū。
zhù： cǐ biǎo 'àn nián hào jì nián pái dìng， gōng yuán jì nián zhǐ kuò zhù dào nián
kāng xī shēn biān de dà chén
qián qī de sì dà fǔ zhèng dà chén
suǒ ní， sū kè sà hā， áo bài， è mì lóng。
zhōng qī
yáo qǐ shèng
shī láng： yuán shì míng cháo jiāng jūn， hòu guī qīng。 jīng tōng shuǐ zhàn。
wèi dōng tíng： kāng xī shēn biān qīn xìn， dà zhōng chén。 shì zuò jiā 'èr yuè hé xiǎo shuō lǐ chuàng zào de rén wù， yuán xíng mào shì cáo yín
míng zhū
yú chéng lóng
lǐ guāng dì ......
zhōu péi gōng： bāng zhù kāng xī chū móu huá cè
kāng xī hòu qī：
láng shì níng
zhāng tíng yù
píng jià
yòu zhuān jiā zhǐ chū， qīng cháo zhōng hòu qī guó lì kāi shǐ yuǎn yuǎn luò hòu yú xī fāng， zhè gēn kāng xī wǎn nián de mò shǒu chén guī， quē fá chuàng xīn， yòu zhe bù kě tuī xiè de zé rèn。 shǐ xué jiā shǐ jǐng qiān pī píng kāng xī yòu sān： yī shì huáng wèi jì wèi de jiū gé yòu diǎn jìn tuì shī jù； èr shì kāng xī suī xǐ 'ài xī xué， rèn yòng yé sū huì shì， bìng yǔn chuán jiào， dàn duì xī fāng bìng bù xìn rèn， yīn 'ér yòu lǐ yí zhī zhēng yǐ jí dǎo zhì yōng zhèng de jìn jiào； sān shì kāng xī yǐ qīng yáo bó fù zì háo， yǐ cǐ zhāng xiǎn shèng shì， dàn qí yǒng bù jiā fù de zhèng cè 'àn gēng dì miàn jī jiǎo gù dìng shuì jīn， yǔ rén kǒu wú guān， yú shì rén kǒu suī zēng， yì bù jiā fù， wéi kāng xī de jì chéng zhě zào chéng cái zhèng kùn nán。
lìng wài， liáng qǐ chāo、 shào lì zǐ děng rén rèn wéi， kāng xī zài wèi shí duì xī fāng kē jì hěn gǎn xīng qù bìng qiě hái zhǎng wò liǎo hěn duō， dàn tā què yán jìn zì jǐ zhī wài de rén xué xí， yīn wéi tā dān xīn xiān jìn de xī fāng kē jì yī dàn chuán kāi， jiāng huì jí dà de dòng yáo yǐ qí shè qǐ jiā de mǎn qīng de tǒng zhì， jù chuán jiào shì zhāng chéng（ J.F.Gerbillon） de rì jì， kāng xī bù zhǔn chuán jiào shì zài yòu hàn rén hé méng rén de yá mén lǐ fān yì rèn hé kē xué wén xiàn。 ér cǐ jǔ yě yī dìng chéng dù shàng zào chéng liǎo yǐ hàn zú wéi dài biǎo de zhōng huá wén míng de shuāi luò。 liáng qǐ chāo shuō， kāng xī de kē xué shì yòng lái dǎ jī tā rén de yī gè gōng jù，“ jiù suàn tā bù shì yòu xīn zhì sài mín zhì， yě bù néng bù suàn tā shī cè”。
lì shǐ xiǎo shuō jiā gāo yáng zé shuō kāng xī yòu liǎng dà quē diǎn， yī shì zài chuán wèi wèn tí shàng， shǐ zhōng yóu yù bù jué； èr shì“ hǎo míng”， ér qiě hǎo yǔ chén xià zhēng míng。
1^ shǐ jǐng qiān，《 kāng xī zì huà xiàng》 (EmperorofChina:Self-PortraitofK'angHsi)
2^ wāng róng zǔ， 〈 shǐ jǐng qiān lùn 〉
3^ xí zé zōng：“ lùn kāng xī kē xué zhèng cè de shī wù”，《 gǔ xīn xīng xīn biǎo hé kē xué shǐ tàn suǒ》， 2002
Kangxi's reign of 61 years makes him the longest-reigning Chinese emperor in history (although his grandson, the Qianlong Emperor, had the longest period of de facto power) and one of the longest-reigning rulers in the world. However, having ascended the throne at the age of seven, he was not the effective ruler until later, with that role temporarily fulfilled for six years by four regents and his grandmother, the Grand Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang.
Kangxi is considered one of China's greatest emperors. He suppressed the Revolt of the Three Feudatories, forced the Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan to submit to Qing rule, blocked Tzarist Russia on the Amur River and expanded the empire in the northwest. He also accomplished such literary feats as the compilation of the Kangxi Dictionary.
Kangxi's reign brought about long-term stability and relative wealth after years of war and chaos. He initiated the period known as the "Prosperous Era of Kangxi and Qianlong", which lasted for generations after his own lifetime. By the end of his reign, the Qing Empire controlled all of China proper, Taiwan, Manchuria, part of the Russian Far East (Outer Manchuria), both Inner and Outer Mongolia, Tibet proper, and Joseon Korea as a protectorate.
Early reign
Portrait of Young Kangxi Emperor in Court DressBorn on 4 May 1654 to the Shunzhi Emperor and Empress Xiaokangzhang, Kangxi was originally given the personal name Xuanye (Chinese: 玄燁; Manchu language: ᡥᡳᠣᠸᠠᠨ ᠶᡝᡳ; Möllendorff transliteration: hiowan yei). He was enthroned at the age of seven (or eight by East Asian age reckoning), on 7 February 1661, 12 days after his father's death, although his reign formally began on 18 February 1662, the first day of the following lunar year.
According to some accounts, Shunzhi gave up the throne to Kangxi and became a monk. Several alternative explanations are given for this: one is that it was due to the death of his favorite concubine; another is that he was under the influence of a Buddhist monk. The story goes that Shunzhi did indeed became a monk, but the empress dowager ordered the deletion of the incident from official history records, and replacement with the claim that he died from smallpox.
Before Kangxi came to the throne, Grand Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang (in the name of Shunzhi Emperor) had appointed the powerful men Sonin, Suksaha, Ebilun, and Oboi as regents. Sonin died after his granddaughter became Empress Xiaochengren, leaving Suksaha at odds with Oboi in politics. In a fierce power struggle, Oboi had Suksaha put to death and seized absolute power as sole regent. Kangxi and the rest of the imperial court acquiesced in this arrangement.
In 1669, Kangxi had Oboi arrested with the help of Grand Dowager Empress Xiaozhuang, who had raised him and began taking personal control of the empire. He listed three issues of concern: flood control of the Yellow River; repair of the Grand Canal; the Revolt of the Three Feudatories in south China. The Grand Empress Dowager influenced him greatly and he took care of her himself in the months leading up to her death in 1688.
Military achievement
Army
The Emperor mounted on his horse and guarded by his bodyguards.The main army of the Qing Empire, the Eight Banners Army, was in decline under Kangxi. It was smaller than it had been at its peak under Hong Taiji and in the early reign of the Shunzhi Emperor; however, it was larger than in the Yongzheng and Qianlong emperors' reigns. In addition, the Green Standard Army was still powerful with generals such as Tuhai, Fei Yanggu, Zhang Yong, Zhou Peigong, Shi Lang, Mu Zhan, Shun Shike and Wang Jingbao.
The Kangxi Emperor in ceremonial armor, armed with bow and arrows, and surrounded by bodyguardsThe main reason for this decline was a change in system between Kangxi and Qianlong's reigns. Kangxi continued using the traditional military system implemented by his predecessors, which was more efficient and stricter. According to the system, a commander who returned from a battle alone (with all his men dead) would be put to death, and likewise for a foot soldier. This was meant to motivate both commanders and soldiers alike to fight valiantly in war because there was no benefit for the sole survivor in a battle.
By Qianlong's reign, military commanders had become lax and the training of the army was deemed less important as compared to during the previous emperors' reigns. This was because commanders' statuses had become hereditary; a general gained his position based on the contributions of his forefathers.
Revolt of the Three FeudatoriesFurther information: Revolt of the Three Feudatorie
In the spring of 1662, the regents ordered a Great Clearance in southern China to counter a resistance movement started by Ming loyalists under the leadership of Koxinga. This involved the forced migration of entire populations in the coastal regions of inland southern China.
In 1673, the Revolt of the Three Feudatories broke out. Wu Sangui's forces overran most of southwest China and he tried to ally himself with local generals such as Wang Fuchen. Kangxi employed generals such as Zhou Peigong and Tuhai to suppress the rebellion, and also granted clemency to the common people who were caught up in the war. He intended to personally lead the armies to crush the rebels but his subjects advised him against it. The revolt ended with victory for Qing forces in 1681.
Kingdom of TungningIn 1683, the Kingdom of Tungning was defeated by Qing naval forces under the command of admiral Shi Lang at the Battle of Penghu. Zheng Keshuang, ruler of Tungning, surrendered a few days later, and Taiwan was annexed by the Qing Empire. Soon afterwards, the coastal regions of southern China were ordered to be repopulated. In addition, to encourage settlers, the Qing government granted financial incentives to families that settled there.
VietnamIn 1673, Kangxi's government helped to mediate a truce in the Trịnh–Nguyễn War in Vietnam, which had been ongoing for 45 years since 1627. The peace treaty that was signed between the conflicting parties lasted for 101 years until 1774.
RussiaMain article: Russian–Manchu border conflict
European couple, Kangxi periodIn the 1650s, the Qing Empire engaged the Russian Empire in a series of border conflicts along the Amur River region, which concluded with victory for the Qing side. After the Siege of Albazin, he gained control of the area.
The Russians invaded the northern frontier again in the 1680s. After a series of battles and negotiations, both sides signed the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689, in which a border was fixed, and the Amur River valley given to the Qing Empire.
MongolsIn 1675, Burni of the Chahar Mongols started a rebellion against the Qing Empire. The revolt was crushed within two months and the Chahars were incorporated in the Manchu Eight Banners.
The Khalkha Mongols had preserved their independence, and only paid tribute to the Qing Empire. However, a conflict between the houses of Tümen Jasagtu Khan and Tösheetü Khan led to a dispute between the Khalkha and the Dzungars over the influence of Tibetan Buddhism. In 1688, as the Khalkhas were fighting wars with Russian Cossacks in the north of their territory, the Dzungar chief, Galdan Boshugtu Khan, attacked the Khalkha from the west and invaded their territory. The Khalkha royal families and the first Jebtsundamba Khutuktu crossed the Gobi Desert and sought help from the Qing Empire in return for submission to Qing authority. In 1690, the Dzungars and Qing forces clashed at the Battle of Ulaan Butun in Inner Mongolia, in which the Qing eventually emerged as the victor.
The Kangxi Emperor at the age of 45, painted in 1699In 1696, Kangxi personally led three armies, totaling 80,000 in strength, in a campaign against the Dzungars. The western section of the Qing army defeated Galdan's forces at the Battle of Jao Modo and Galdan died in the following year.
The Dzungars continued to threaten the Qing Empire and invaded Tibet in 1717. In response to the deposition of the Dalai Lama and his replacement with Lha-bzang Khan in 1706, they took control of Lhasa with a 6,000 strong army and removed Lha-bzang from power. They held on to the city for two years and defeated a Qing army sent to the region in 1718. The Qing did not take control of Lhasa until 1720, when Kangxi sent a larger force there to defeat the Dzungars.
Economic achievement
The contents of the national treasury during Kangxi's reign were:
1668 (7th year of Kangxi): 14,930,000 tael
1692: 27,385,631 tael
1702–1709: approximately 50,000,000 taels with little variation during this period
1710: 45,880,000 tael
1718: 44,319,033 tael
1720: 39,317,103 tael
1721 (60th year of Kangxi, second last of his reign): 32,622,421 tael
The reasons for the declining trend in the later years of Kangxi's reign were a huge expenditure on military campaigns and an increase in corruption.
To fix the problem, Kangxi gave Prince Yong (the future Yongzheng Emperor) advice on how to make the economy more efficient.
Cultural achievements
A vase from the early Kangxi period (Musée Guimet)During his reign, Kangxi ordered the compilation of a dictionary of Chinese characters, which became known as the Kangxi Dictionary. This was seen as an attempt by Kangxi to gain support from the Han Chinese scholar-bureaucrats, as many of them initially refused to serve him and remained loyal to the Ming Dynasty. However, by persuading the scholars to work on the dictionary without asking them to formally serve the Qing imperial court, Kangxi led them to gradually taking on greater responsibilities until they were assuming the duties of state officials.
In 1705, on Kangxi's order, a compilation of Tang poetry, the Quantangshi, was produced.
Kangxi also was interested in Western technology and wanted to import them to China. This was done through Jesuit missionaries, such as Ferdinand Verbiest, whom Kangxi frequently summoned for meetings, or Karel Slavíček, who made the first precise map of Beijing on Kangxi's order.
From 1711 to 1723, Matteo Ripa, an Italian priest sent to China by the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, worked as a painter and copper-engraver at the Qing court. In 1723, he returned to Naples from China with four young Chinese Christians, in order to groom them to become priests and send them back to China as missionaries. This marked the beginning of the Collegio dei Cinesi, sanctioned by Pope Clement XII to help the propagation of Christianity in China. This Chinese Institute was the first school of Sinology in Europe, which would later develop to become the Instituto Orientale and the present day Naples Eastern University.
Kangxi was also the first Chinese emperor to play a western musical instrument. He employed Karel Slavíček as court musician. Slavíček was playing Spinet; later Kangxi would play on it himself. He also invented a Chinese calendar.
ChristianityMain article: Chinese Rites controversy
Jesuit astronomers of the Jesuit China missions, with the Kangxi Emperor (Beauvais, 1690–1705)In the early decades of Kangxi's reign, Jesuits played a large role in the imperial court. With their knowledge of astronomy, they ran the imperial observatory. Jean-François Gerbillon and Thomas Pereira served as translators for the negotiations of the Treaty of Nerchinsk. Kangxi was grateful to the Jesuits for their contributions, the many languages they could interpret, and the innovations they offered his military in gun manufacturing and artillery, the latter of which enabled the Qing Empire to conquer the Kingdom of Tungning.
Kangxi was also fond of the Jesuits' respectful and unobtrusive manner; they spoke the Chinese language well, and wore the silk robes of the elite. In 1692, when Fr. Thomas Pereira requested tolerance for Christianity, Kangxi was willing to oblige, and issued the Edict of Toleration, which recognized Catholicism, barred attacks on their churches, and legalized their missions and the practice of Christianity by the Chinese people.
However, controversy arose over whether Chinese Christians could still take part in traditional Confucian ceremonies and ancestor worship, with the Jesuits arguing for tolerance and the Dominicans taking a hard-line against foreign "idolatry". The Dominican position won the support of Pope Clement XI, who in 1705 sent Charles-Thomas Maillard De Tournon as his representative to Kangxi, to communicate the ban on Chinese rites. On 19 March 1715, Pope Clement XI issued the papal bull Ex illa die, which officially condemned Chinese rites.
In response, Kangxi officially forbade Christian missions in China, as they were "causing trouble".
Disputed succession
The Kangxi Emperor on a tour, seated prominently on the deck of a junkThe matter of Kangxi's will is one of the "Four Greatest Mysteries of the Qing Dynasty". To this day, whom Kangxi chose as his successor is still a topic of debate amongst historians: on the face of things, he chose Yinzhen, the fourth prince, who later became the Yongzheng Emperor, and indeed there is strong evidence that this is correct.
However many have claimed that Yinzhen forged the will, and that in reality the 14th prince Yinti, had been chosen as the successor.
Kangxi's first spouse, Empress Xiaochengren, gave birth to his second surviving son Yinreng, who at the age of two was named crown prince, a Han Chinese custom, to ensure stability during a time of chaos in the south. Although Kangxi left the education of several of his sons to others, he personally oversaw the upbringing of Yinreng, intending to groom him into a perfect heir. Yinreng was tutored by the mandarin Wang Shan, who remained devoted to him, and spent the later years of his life trying to persuade Kangxi to restore Yinreng as the crown prince.
Yinreng did not prove himself to be worthy of the succession despite his father showing favoritism towards him. He was said to have beaten and killed his subordinates, and was alleged to have had sexual relations with one of his father's concubines, which was deemed as incest and a capital offence. Yinreng also purchased young children from Jiangsu to satisfy his pedophiliac pleasure. In addition, Yinreng's supporters, led by Songgotu, gradually formed a "Crown Prince Party" (太子黨), that aimed to help Yinreng get the throne as soon as possible, even if it meant using unlawful methods.
The seated Kangxi EmperorOver the years, Kangxi kept constant watch over Yinreng and became aware of his son's many flaws, while their relationship gradually deteriorated. In 1707, Kangxi decided that he could no longer tolerate Yinreng's behavior, which he partially mentioned in the imperial edict as "too embarrassing to be spoken of",
and decided to strip Yinreng off his position as crown prince. Kangxi placed his oldest surviving son, Yinzhi, in charge of overseeing Yinreng's house arrest. However, Yinzhi attempted to sabotage Yinreng numerous times and requested for his father to order Yinreng's execution. Kangxi was enraged and stripped Yinzhi of his titles. Kangxi advised his subjects to stop debating about the succession issue, and despite attempts to reduce rumours and speculation as to who the new crown prince might be, the imperial court's daily activities were disrupted. Apart from that, Yinzhi's actions also caused Kangxi to suspect that Yinreng might have been framed, hence Kangxi restored Yinreng as crown prince in 1709, with the support of the 4th and 13th princes, and on the excuse that Yinreng had previously acted under the influence of mental illness.
A turtle-based stele with the Kangxi Emperor's inscription, erected in 1699 at the Nanjing mausoleum of the Hongwu Emperor, honouring the founder of the preceding Ming Dynasty as surpassing the founders of the Tang and Song dynasties.In 1712, during Kangxi's last inspection tour to the south, Yinreng, who was put in charge of state affairs during his father's absence, tried to vie for power again with his supporters. He allowed an attempt at forcing Kangxi to abdicate when his father returned to Beijing. However, Kangxi received news of the planned coup d'etat, and was so angry that he deposed Yinreng and placed him under house arrest again. After the incident, Kangxi announced that he would not appoint any of his sons as crown prince for the remainder of his reign. He stated that he would place his Imperial Valedictory Will inside a box in the Palace of Heavenly Purity, which will only be opened after his death.
Death and successionFollowing the deposition of the crown prince, Kangxi implemented groundbreaking changes in the political landscape. The 13th prince, Yinxiang, was placed under house arrest as well for cooperating with Yinreng. The eighth prince Yinsi was stripped off all his titles and only had them restored years later. The 14th prince Yinti, whom many considered to be the most likely candidate to succeed Kangxi, was sent on a military campaign during the political conflict. Yinsi, along with the ninth and tenth princes, Yintang and Yin'e, pledged their support to Yinti.
In the evening of 20 December 1722 before his death, Kangxi called seven of his sons to assemble at his bedside. They were the third, fourth, eight, ninth, tenth, 16th and 17th princes. After Kangxi died, Longkodo announced that Kangxi had selected the fourth prince, Yinzhen, as the new emperor. Yinzhen ascended to the throne and became known as the Yongzheng Emperor. Kangxi was entombed at the Eastern Tombs in Zunhua, Hebei.
Personality and achievementsKangxi was the great consolidator of the Qing Dynasty. The transition from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing was a cataclysm whose central event was the fall of the capital Beijing to the invading Manchus in 1644, and the installation of the five-year-old Shunzhi Emperor on their throne. By 1661, when Shunzhi died and was succeeded by Kangxi, the Qing conquest was almost complete and the leading Manchus were already adopting Chinese ways including Confucian ideology. Kangxi completed the conquest, suppressed all significant military threats and revived the ancient central government system with important modifications.
Kangxi was an inveterate workaholic, rising early and retiring late, reading and responding to numerous memorials every day, conferring with his councillors and giving audiences – and this was in normal times; in wartime, he might be reading memorials from the warfront until after midnight or even, as with the Dzungar conflict, away on campaign in person.
Kangxi devised a system of communication that circumvented the scholar-bureaucrats, who had a tendency to usurp the power of the emperor. This Palace Memorial System involved the transfer of secret messages between him and trusted officials in the provinces, where the messages were contained in locked boxes that only he and the official had access to. This started as a system for receiving uncensored extreme-weather reports, which the emperor regarded as divine comments on his rule. However, it soon evolved into a general-purpose secret "news channel". Out of this emerged a Grand Council, which dealt with extraordinary, especially military, events. The council was chaired by the emperor and manned by his more elevated Han Chinese household staff. From this council, the mandarin civil servants were excluded – they were left only with routine administration.
Kangxi managed to seduce the Confucian intelligentsia into co-operating with the Qing government, despite their deep reservations about Manchu rule, by encouraging them to sit the traditional civil service examinations, become mandarins and subsequently to compose lavishly conceived works of literature such the History of Ming, the Kangxi Dictionary, a phrase-dictionary, a vast encyclopedia and an even vaster compilation of Chinese literature. On a personal level, Kangxi was a cultivated man, steeped in Confucian learning.
In the one military campaign in which he actively participated, against the Dzungar Mongols, Kangxi showed himself an effective military commander. According to Finer, Kangxi's own written reflections allow one to experience "how intimate and caring was his communion with the rank-and-file, how discriminating and yet masterful his relationship with his generals".
As a result of the scaling down of hostilities as peace returned to China after the Manchu conquest, and also as a result of the ensuing rapid increase of population, land cultivation and therefore tax revenues based on agriculture, Kangxi was able first to make tax remissions, then in 1712 to freeze the land tax and corvée altogether, without embarrassing the state treasury.
FamilyFather: Shunzhi Emperor
Mother: Empress Xiaokangzhang (1640–1663). Her family was of Jurchen origin but had lived among the Chinese for generations. It had a Chinese family name, Tong (佟), but converted to the Manchu clan name Tongiya later. She was instated as the Empress Dowager Cihe (慈和皇太后) in 1661 when Kangxi became emperor. She is known posthumously as Empress Xiaokangzhang (Chinese: 孝康章皇后; Manchu: Hiyoošungga Nesuken Eldembuhe Hūwanghu).
ConsortsThe total number is approximately 64.
1.Empress Xiaochengren (died 1674) from the Heseri clan – married in 1665.
2.Empress Xiaozhaoren (Manchu: Hiyoošungga Genggiyen Gosin Hūwanghu) from the Niohuru clan.
3.Empress Xiaoyiren (Manchu: Hiyoošungga Fujurangga Gosin Hūwanghu) from the Tunggiya clan.
4.Empress Xiaogongren (Manchu: Hiyoošungga Gungnecuke Gosin Hūwanghu) from the Wuya clan.
5.Imperial Noble Consort Que Hui (1668–1743) from the Tunggiya clan, Empress Xiaoyiren's younger sister.
6.Imperial Noble Consort Dun Yi (1683–1768) from the Guwalgiya clan
7.Honored Imperial Noble Consort Jing Min (died 1699) from the Janggiya clan
8.Noble Consort Wen Xi (died 1695) from the Niuhuru clan, Empress Xiaozhaoren's younger sister.
9.Consort Shun Yi Mi (1668–1744) from the Wang clan was Han Chinese from origin.
10.Consort Chun Yu Qin (died 1754) from the Han Chinese Chen clan.
11.Consort Rong (died 1727) from the Magiya clan.
12.Consort Yi (died 1733) from the Gobulo clan.
13.Consort Hui (died 1732) from the Nala clan.
14.Consort Liang (died 1711) from the Wei clan.
15.Consort Cheng (died 1740) from the Daigiya clan.
16.Consort Xuan (died 1736) from the Mongol Borjigit clan.
17.Consort Ding (1661–1757) from the Wanliuha clan.
18.Consort Ping (died 1696) from the Heseri clan, Empress Xiaochengren's younger sister.
19.Consort Hui (died 1670) from the Borjigit clan.
SonsHaving the longest reign in Chinese history, Kangxi also has the most children of all Qing emperors. He had officially 24 sons and 12 daughters. The actual number is higher, as most of his children died from illness.
#1 Name2 Born Died Mother Notes
Chengrui
承瑞 5 November 1667 10 July 1670 Consort Rong Died young
Chenghu
承祜 4 January 1670 3 March 1672 Empress Xiaochengren Died young
Chengqing
承慶 21 March 1670 26 May 1671 Consort Hui Died young
Sayinchahun
賽音察渾 24 January 1672 6 March 1674 Consort Rong Died young
1 Yinzhi
胤禔 12 March 1672 7 January 1735 Consort Hui Created Prince Zhi of the Second Rank (直郡王) in 1698;
Stripped of his title in 1708;
Buried with honors due a Beizi
Changhua
長華 11 May 1674 12 May 1674 Consort Rong Died young
2 Yinreng
胤礽 6 June 1674 27 January 1725 Empress Xiaochengren Original name Baocheng (保成);
Created Crown Prince in 1675;
Stripped of his position in 1708;
Re-created Crown Prince in 1709;
Stripped of his position in 1712;
Posthumously created Prince Li of the First Rank
Changsheng
長生 12 August 1675 27 April 1677 Consort Rong Died young
Wanpu
萬黼 4 December 1675 11 March 1679 Imperial Concubine Tong Died young
3 Yinzhi
胤祉 23 March 1677 10 July 1732 Imperial Consort Rong Created Prince Cheng of the Second Rank (誠郡王) in 1698;
Demoted to a Beizi in 1730;
Original title posthumously restored;
Granted the posthumous name Yin (隱)
4 Yinzhen
胤禛 13 December 1678 8 October 1735 Empress Xiaogongren Created Prince Yong of the First Rank (雍親王) in 1709;
Ascended the throne as the Yongzheng Emperor on 27 December 1722
Yinzan
胤禶 10 April 1679 30 April 1680 Imperial Concubine Tong Died young
5 Yinqi
胤祺 5 January 1680 10 July 1732 Consort Yi Created Prince Heng of the First Rank (恆親王) in 1698;
Granted the posthumous name Wen (溫)
6 Yinzuo
胤祚 5 March 1680 15 June 1685 Empress Xiaogongren Died young
7 Yinyou
胤祐 19 August 1680 18 May 1730 Consort Cheng Created a Beile in 1698;
Elevated to Prince Chun of the Second Rank (淳郡王) in 1709;
Elevated further to Prince Chun of the First Rank (淳親王) in May 1723;
Granted the posthumous name Du (度)
8 Yinsi
胤禩 29 March 1681 5 October 1726 Consort Liang Created Prince Lian of the First Rank (廉親王) in 1723;
Stripped of his title and expelled from the imperial house in 1726;
Forced to rename himself Akina (阿其那) ("pig")
Posthumously restored in 1778
Yinju
胤䄔 13 September 1683 17 July 1684 Honored Lady Gorolo Died young
9 Yintang
胤禟 17 October 1683 22 September 1726 Consort Yi Created a Beizi in 1709;
Stripped of his title and expelled from the imperial house in 1725;
Forced to rename himself Sesihei (塞思黑) ("dog")
Posthumously restored in 1778
10 Yin’e
胤䄉 28 November 1683 18 October 1741 Noble Consort Wen Xi Created Prince Dun of the Second Rank (敦郡王) in 1709;
Stripped of his title in 1724;
Granted the title “Duke Who Assists the State" (輔國公) in 1737
11 Yinzi
胤禌 8 June 1685 22 August 1696 Consort Yi Died young
12 Yintao
胤祹 8 June 1685 2 September 1763 Consort Ding Created Prince Lü of the First Rank (履親王) in 1709;
Granted the posthumous name Yi (懿)
13 Yinxiang
胤祥 16 November 1686 18 June 1730 Imperial Noble Consort Jing Min Created Prince Yi of the First Rank (怡親王) in 1722;
Was one of the Qing Dynasty’s 12 iron-cap princes
14 Yinti
胤禵 16 January 1688 13 January 1756 Empress Xiaogongren Born Yinzhen (胤禎);
Created Prince Xun of the Second Rank (恂郡王) in 1723;
Granted the posthumous name Qin (勤)
Yinji
胤禨 23 February 1691 30 March 1691 Consort Ping Died young
15 Yinwu
胤禑 24 December 1693 8 March 1731 Consort Shun Yi Mi Created Prince Yu of the Second Rank (愉郡王) in 1726;
Granted the posthumous name Ke (恪)
16 Yinlu
胤祿 28 July 1695 20 March 1767 Consort Shun Yi Mi Adopted by Boguoduo, Prince Zhuang;
Inherited the title Prince Zhuang of the First Rank (莊親王) in 1723;
Granted the posthumous name Ke (恪)
17 Yinli
胤禮 24 March 1697 21 March 1738 Consort Chun Yu Qin Created Prince Guo of the Second Rank (果郡王) in 1723;
Granted the posthumous name Yi (毅)
18 Yinxie
胤祄 15 May 1701 17 October 1708 Consort Shun Yi Mi Died at the Chengde Mountain Resort from the mumps
19 Yinji
胤禝 25 October 1702 28 March 1704 Imperial Concubine Xiang Died young
20 Yinyi
胤禕 1 September 1706 30 June 1755 Imperial Concubine Xiang Created a Beile (貝勒) in 1726
21 Yinxi
胤禧 27 February 1711 26 June 1758 Imperial Concubine Xi Created Prince Shen of the Second Rank (慎郡王) in December 1735
22 Yinhu
胤祜 10 January 1712 12 February 1744 Imperial Concubine Jin Created a Beile in 1730;
Granted the posthumous name Gongqin (恭勤)
23 Yinqi
胤祁 14 January 1714 31 August 1785 Imperial Concubine Jing Created a Beile in 1730;
Granted the posthumous name Cheng (誠)
24 Yinmi
胤祕 5 July 1716 3 December 1773 Imperial Concubine Mu Created Prince Xian of the First Rank (諴親王) in 1733;
Granted the posthumous name Ke (恪)
Yinyuan
胤禐 2 March 1718 2/3 March 1718 Honored Lady Chen Died soon after birth
Notes: (1) The order by which the princes were referred to and recorded on official documents were dictated by the number they were assigned by the order of birth. This order was unofficial until 1677, when Kangxi decreed that all of his male descendants must adhere to a "generation code" as their middle character (see Chinese name). As a result of the new system, the former order was abolished, with Yinzhi, Prince Zhi becoming the First Prince, thus the current numerical order. (2) All of Kangxi's sons changed their names upon Yongzheng's accession in 1722 by modifying the first character from "胤" (yin) to "允" (yun) to avoid the nominal taboo of the emperor. Yinxiang was posthumously allowed to change his name back to Yinxiang. Yongzheng forced his two brothers to rename themselves, but his successor restored their names. There have been many studies on their meanings.
Daughters# Title Born Died Married Spouse Issue Mother
1 unnamed 23 December 1668 November 1671 Ordinary Consort Zhang
2 unnamed 17 April 1671 8 January 1674 Ordinary Consort Dong
3 State Princess Rongxian
固倫榮憲公主 20 June 1673 29 May 1728 July 1691 Borjigit Urgun, Prince of Baarin
博爾濟吉特烏爾袞 Consort Rong
4 unnamed 16 March 1674 1678 Ordinary Consort Zhang
5 Princess Duanjing of the Second Rank
和碩端靜公主 9 June 1674 April 1710 November or December 1692 Ulanghan Garzang
烏梁罕噶爾臧 Honored Lady Bu
6 State Princess Kejing
固倫恪靖公主 4 July 1679 1735 1697 Borjigit Dunduobudorji, Prince of the Khalkha Mongols Honored Lady Gorolo
7 unnamed 5 July 1682 September 1682 Empress Xiaogongren
8 unnamed 13 July 1683 late July or August 1683 Empress Xiaoyiren
9 State Princess Wenxian
固倫溫憲公主 10 November 1683 August or September 1702 October or November 1700 Tunggiya Shun’anyan
佟佳舜安顏 Empress Xiaogongren
10 State Princess Chunque
固倫純愨公主 20 March 1685 1710 1706 Borjigit Celeng
博爾濟吉特策棱 Borjigit Chenggunzhabu
博爾濟吉特成袞札布 Imperial Concubine Tong
11 unnamed 24 October 1685 June or July 1686 Noble Consort Wen Xi
12 unnamed 14 June 1686 late February or March 1697 Empress Xiaogongren
13 Princess Wenke of the Second Rank
和碩溫恪公主 1 January 1688 July or August 1709 1706 Borjigit Cangjin
博爾濟吉特倉津 Imperial Noble Consort Jing Min
14 Princess Quejing of the Second Rank
和碩愨靖公主 16 January 1690 1736 1706 Sun Chengyun, Baron of the First Rank
一等男孫承運 Honored Lady Yuan
15 Princess Dunke of the Second Rank
和碩敦恪公主 3 February 1691 January 1710 January or February 1709 ‘’Taiji’’ Borjigit Dorji
博爾濟吉特台吉多爾濟 Imperial Noble Consort Jing Min
16 unnamed 27 November 1695 October or November 1707 Ordinary Consort Wang
17 unnamed 12 January 1699 December 1700 Ordinary Consort Liu
18 unnamed 17 November 1701 Imperial Noble Consort Dun Yi
19 unnamed 30 March 1703 late February or March 1705 Imperial Concubine Xiang
20 unnamed 20 November 1708 January or early February 1709 Ordinary Consort Niuhuru
Popular culture
FictionKangxi Dadi (康熙大帝; literally: The Great Kangxi Emperor): a historical fiction novel by Er Yuehe, featuring a romanticized version of Kangxi's biography
The Deer and the Cauldron (鹿鼎記): a wuxia novel by Louis Cha. In the story, by coincidence, Kangxi and the protagonist, Wei Xiaobao, become close friends since childhood. Wei helps the emperor consolidate power and strengthen his rule over the empire, playing an important role in affecting how the historical events during Kangxi's reign unfold.
Qijian Xia Tianshan (七劍下天山; literally: Seven Swords Descend from Mount Heaven): a wuxia novel by Liang Yusheng. In the story, Kangxi discovers that his father, the Shunzhi Emperor, has become a monk in a monastery on Mount Wutai. He orders a close aide to kill his father in order to consolidate power, and attempts to erase evidence of the murder later.
Film and televisionKangxi Dynasty (康熙王朝): a 2001 television series adaption of the above mentioned novel by Er Yuehe. Chen Daoming starred as Kangxi.
Secret History of Kangxi (康熙秘史): fourth installment in a series of four television dramas about the early history of the Qing Dynasty. Xia Yu starred as Kangxi.
Kangxi Weifu Sifang Ji (康熙微服私訪記; literally: Kangxi's Inspection Tours in Civilian Attire): a long-running television drama about Kangxi's inspection tours. During some of his tours, Kangxi dressed like an ordinary civilian to conceal his identity so that he can blend in with the commoners and understand their daily lives better. Zhang Guoli starred as Kangxi.
The Life and Times of a Sentinel (紫禁驚雷): TVB series about Kangxi's brother's attempt to overthrow him.
Palace (宫): a 2011 television drama set during Kangxi's rule. A girl from the 21st century accidentally travels through time and ends up in the 1700s, in the Forbidden City, shortly before Kangxi strips the crown prince Yinreng of his position.
Scarlet Heart (步步惊心): another 2011 television drama set during Kangxi's rule. A girl from the 21st century accidentally travels through time and ends up in the 1700s, in the Forbidden City, way before Kangxi strips the crown prince Yinreng of his position. Damian Lau starred as Kangxi.
Video gamesAge of Empires III: The Asian Dynasties: Kangxi is featured as the Chinese leader in this real-time strategy game.
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