měi guó lěng zhàn zhōng de měi guó  (1913年yuányuè9日～1994年sìyuè22日)

开端 终结 在位 1969年 1974年  zhuànjì biography： 《lǐng xiù men》

　　lǐ chá dé · mǐ 'ěr háo sī · ní kè sōng（ RichardMilhousNixon， 1913 nián 1 yuè 9 rì － 1994 nián 4 yuè 22 rì）， dì 36 rèn měi guó fù zǒng tǒng（ 1953 nián－ 1961 nián） yǔ dì 37 rèn měi guó zǒng tǒng（ 1969 nián－ 1974 nián）。 ní kè sōng shì měi guó shǐ shàng wéi yī dāng guò liǎng jiè zǒng tǒng yǔ liǎng jiè fù zǒng tǒng de rén， dàn yě shì wéi yī yú zài wèi qī jiān， yǐ cí zhí de fāng shì lí kāi zǒng tǒng zhí wèi de měi guó zǒng tǒng。
　　
　　 shēng píng
　　 zhèng zhì shēng yá
　　
　　1946 nián， ní kè sōng dāng xuǎn měi guó zhòng yì yuán， kāi shǐ liǎo tā de zhèng zhì shēng yá。 tā zài 1952 nián yǔ 1956 nián liǎng dù yǔ dé huái tè ·D· ài sēn háo wēi 'ěr dā dàng cān xuǎn bìng huò dé shèng lì， zài 1953 nián dào 1961 nián jiān， dān rèn liǎo liǎng jiè fù zǒng tǒng zhí wù。 1960 nián ní kè sōng jìng xuǎn zǒng tǒng， yǐ wēi ruò piào chā bèi yuē hàn · kěn ní dí jī bài， yòu zài 1962 nián jìng xuǎn jiā lì fú ní yà zhōu zhōu cháng shí luò bài 'ér zàn shí lí kāi guó jiā quán lì zhōng shū。 1968 nián ní kè sōng chóngfǎn zhèng tán， zài dāng nián de měi guó dà xuǎn zhōng shùn lì dāng xuǎn wéi měi guó dì 46 jiè（ dì 37 rèn） měi guó zǒng tǒng， 1972 nián yòu lián rèn dì 47 jiè zǒng tǒng。 tā zài 1974 nián 8 yuè yīn “ shuǐ mén shì jiàn ” shì jiàn bàoguāng zhī hòu（ shòu quán fēi fǎ chuǎng rù mín zhù dǎng zài shuǐ mén fàn diàn de zǒng bù， bìng xià lìng yǎn gài shì jiàn zhēn xiāng， shì hòu fú tè zǒng tǒng jǐyǔ ní kè sōng tè shè， yǐ biàn huǎn jiě quán měi shàng xià zài ní kè sōng zǒng tǒng yīn shuǐ mén shì jiàn cí zhí hòu chū xiàn de fēn qí。） bèi pò cí qù zǒng tǒng zhí wù， chéng wéi wéi yī yǐ cí zhí lí rèn de měi guó zǒng tǒng。
　　
　　 ní kè sōng shēng xìng duō yí， zài měi guó zhèng tán yòu“ nán yǐ zhuō mō de dí kè”（ TrickyDick） chuò hào。 ní kè sōng zài 1959 nián 7 yuè mò sī kē jǔ xíng de měi guó guó jiā zhǎn lǎn huì（ AmericanNationalExhibition） kāi mù shì shàng， yǔ shí rèn sū lián bù cháng huì yì zhù xí de hè lǔ xiǎo fū zhī jiān zhǎn kāi guò yīcháng guān yú dōng xī fāng yì shí xíng tài hé hé zhàn zhēng de lùn zhàn， shǐ chēng“ chú fáng biàn lùn”。 zài rèn qī nèi， jiāng měi guó jūn duì chè chū liǎo yuè nán， zhú jiàn jié shù liǎo nà chǎng shǐ guó jiā xiàn rù wēi jī de zhàn zhēng。 tòu guò pīng pāng qiú huó dòng cháng shì yǔ zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó jiàn lì wài jiāo guān xì， bìng zhī chí qí jìn rù lián hé guó， shǐ chēng“ pīng pāng wài jiāo”， gǎi shàn liǎo zhōng guó dà lù yǔ měi guó de guān xì。 ní kè sōng yú 1972 nián 2 yuè fǎng wèn zhōng guó dà lù， shì měi guó zǒng tǒng dì yī cì fǎng wèn yī gè yǔ měi guó méi yòu zhèng shì wài jiāo guān xì de guó jiā， duì zhōng guó dà lù de 7 tiān fǎng wèn bèi chēng wéi“ gǎi biàn shì jiè de yī zhōu”。 dāng shí， ní kè sōng shuài tuán fǎng wèn liǎo běi jīng、 háng zhōu、 shàng hǎi sān gè chéng shì， bìng zài háng zhōu xī hú biān de yuán lín zhōng yǔ zhōu 'ēn lái cǎo qiān liǎo hōng dòng shì jiè de《 zhōng měi lián hé gōng bào》。 zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó yǔ měi guó liǎng guó guān xì zhèng cháng huà， měi zhōng sū sān jiǎo wài jiāo de tài shì kāi shǐ xíng chéng， zài hěn cháng yī duàn shí jiān lǐ chéng wéi jué dìng guó jì xíng shì fā zhǎn de zhòng yào yīn sù zhī yī。
　　
　　 wǎn nián
　　
　　 ní kè sōng yòu liǎng gè nǚ 'ér， cháng nǚ pà tè lǐ xià · ní kè sōng jià gěi píng mín 'ài dé huá · kǎo kè sī， jìn guǎn cǐ rén de zǔ xiān kě yǐ zhuī sù dào zhù chí qiáo zhì · huá shèng dùn xuān shì jiù rèn dì yī jiè měi guó zǒng tǒng de luó bó tè · lì yīn sī dùn fǎ guān， ní kè sōng yǐ rán jué dé zì jǐ de 'ài nǚ jià de mén bù dāng hù bù duì。 ní kè sōng de cì nǚ zhū lì · ní kè sōng zé jià gěi liǎo dé huái tè ·D· ài sēn háo wēi 'ěr de dú sūn dài wéi · ài sēn háo wēi 'ěr。
　　
　　1994 nián 4 yuè 18 rì， ní kè sōng zài xīn zé xī zhōu jiā zhōng tū huàn zhòngfēng， 4 yuè 22 rì zài niǔ yuē kāng nài 'ěr yī liáo zhōng xīn shì shì， xiǎng nián 81 suì。 zài tā de mù bēi shàng diāo kè zhe zhè yàng yī jù huà：“ lì shǐ suǒ néng fù yú de zuì gāo róng yù shì hé píng dì zào zhě”。
　　
　　 tā xiān hòu zhuàn xiě chū bǎn liǎo《 ní kè sōng huí yì lù》、《 lǐng xiù men》、《 1999： bù zhàn 'ér shèng》、《 chāo yuè hé píng》 děng zhù zuò。

　　Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States (1969–1974) and is the only president to resign the office. He was also the 36th Vice President of the United States (1953–1961).
　　
　　Nixon was born in Yorba Linda, California. After completing undergraduate work at Whittier College, he graduated from Duke University School of Law in 1937 and returned to California to practice law in La Mirada. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, he joined the United States Navy, serving in the Pacific theater, and rose to the rank of Lieutenant commander during World War II. He was elected in 1946 as a Republican to the House of Representatives representing California's 12th Congressional district, and in 1950 to the United States Senate. He was selected to be the running mate of Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Republican Party nominee, in the 1952 presidential election, becoming one of the youngest vice presidents in history. He waged an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 1960, narrowly losing to John F. Kennedy, and an unsuccessful campaign for Governor of California in 1962; following these losses, Nixon announced his withdrawal from the political scene. In 1968, however, he ran again for president of the United States and was elected.
　　
　　The most immediate task facing President Nixon was a resolution of the Vietnam War. He initially escalated the conflict, overseeing incursions into neighboring countries, though American military personnel were gradually withdrawn and he successfully negotiated a ceasefire with North Vietnam in 1973, effectively ending American involvement in the war. His foreign policy initiatives were largely successful: his groundbreaking visit to the People's Republic of China in 1972 opened diplomatic relations between the two nations, and he initiated détente and the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with the Soviet Union. On the domestic front, he implemented new economic policies which called for wage and price control and the abolition of the gold standard. He was reelected by a landslide in 1972. In his second term, the nation was afflicted with economic difficulties. In the face of likely impeachment for his role in the Watergate scandal, Nixon resigned on August 9, 1974. He was later pardoned by his successor, Gerald Ford, for any federal crimes he may have committed while in office.
　　
　　In his retirement, Nixon became a prolific author and undertook many foreign trips. His work as an elder statesman helped to rehabilitate his public image. He suffered a debilitating stroke on April 18, 1994, and died four days later at the age of 81.