| Name and Alias： | 正伦 | |||||||||||
| Web/Pen/Nick Name： | 光文肃武孝高皇帝 | |||||||||||
| Temple Name： | 烈祖 | |||||||||||
| Township： | 徐州 | |||||||||||
| Tomb： | 永陵 | |||||||||||
Read works of Li Bian at 诗海 | ||||||||||||
Nantangliezu Li Lei (888 -943), the word is London, small print Peng slaves, Xuzhou people, Southern Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties founder.
The orphan, the Yang Xingmi captive in war by, and that the adopted son, and Yang Xingmi thinkers can not be accepted, and thus try to Xu Wen (some say was abducted by Xu Wen, and that the adopted son), and renamed Xu know Patent.
Southern Miss time, tired, rose and the state because of power (now Nanjing) provincial governor, Runzhou (now Jiangsu Zhenjiang) militia history, Xu know Patent for the government and benevolent, but also economical since the Department, the award Nongsang, so treasuries to enrich. Then, Xu Wen Home l states, and to Xu Wenchang Zi Xu knowledge and training Habitat Southern Miss capital of Yangzhou (now Jiangsu Yangzhou) control of South Wu power, God save the 15 years (918) Xu know training for pride dissolute Chu Jin killed, Xu know Patent nearby self Runzhou Crossing the Yangtze River level changes, naturally replaced by Xu Xu Wen is known for its training to stay in Yangzhou, the daily conduct of public affairs knowledge Patent Office rests Xu broken.
Xu know Patent in Yangzhou, an anti-Xu knowledge and training as, reverent worship king YANG Long-acting, and humility towards scholar, to treat subordinates large, life is very thrifty servant, and to Song Qi Qiu as advisers, tax reform, the country then gradually strong, people join themselves.
South Wu Shunyi seven years (927 years) the death of Xu Wen Xu Wen Xu know Patent and Xu parents struggle to know exercise the right to know Patent Xu Xu known exercise for Korea to take advantage of the opportunity to be detained, since full control of the Southern Miss regime. Tianzuo first year (935 years), into the closed King of Qi. Tianzuo three years (937 years), renamed Xu Patent. In the same year, the Southern Miss usurped power, emperor, the establishment of Southern Tang Dynasty, reign liters per change. Liters per year (93.9 years), to restore the original name and renamed Li Lei.
Li Lei Teng throne, the diligent conduct of public affairs, and will better, change the old law; and reconciliation of Wu and Yue, protectors, and the people a rest. However, drug poisoning due to taking Fangshi Dan, personality becomes irritable. Masumoto seven (943) back sores, condition deteriorated soon died when 56 years old, 6 years in office, Su-Wen Wu Xiao Posthumous light high and the emperor, Temple name Liezu, son of Li Jing to the throne.
Smart honest boy
Li Lei, Xuzhou (Xuzhou today) who are ethical character, nickname Peng slave, his father, the name is Pan, name Rong, is a devout Buddhist. The age of six Li Lei's father died in the war, along with his uncle along with her mother to Huainan. Soon, death of mother became an orphan Li Lei had to the temple barely living. Later, Wang Yang Xingmi send troops to support Shandong Normal, attack Hao Zhou (now Fengyang) when he got to see him smart, and look're a favorite, so he wanted to receive for the foster child, but the son who strongly against Yang Xingmi had no choice but to give him an will Xu Wen, Li Lei Xu temperature to make the adopted son, renamed Xu know Patent.
Yang Hangmi after the death of Xu temperature gradually exclude opponents of the military and political power control, speech established his position and YANG Long Wu, and later presided over the planning emperor Pu Yang, Wu and thus became the first minister. He let his son know that training station Xu Yangzhou (Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province in Northeast today), himself sits Runzhou (now Jiangsu Zhenjiang), across the river towards the control of power.
Xu know Patent grown up, not only looks outstanding, and extraordinary courage, his kindness and others with sincerity, popularity is also very good, prestige, Xu temperature higher than the other sons. Xu Xu Wen's eldest son, known for his unusual training hated, would like to harm him several times, but their popularity Patent Xu know good and saved the day.
Diligence Aimin
Xu Wen Xu know Patent doing floor to ship arms to lead the soldiers to be stationed in Nanking (now Nanjing), set off after the army set exploits, was promoted to l states (now Nanjing), the provincial governor. Huaihe area was just put down, officials are some of the generals around the origin, they do not know the people, and care about people suffering, only that exacting, plunder money. And Xu know Patent is different, he changed the generals who took on the kind of approach, diligent in political affairs, strive to do things frugal, he also made many scholars, the implementation of benevolent politics, thus greatly reducing the burden of the people are. And therefore will not be long, Xu know Patent caring spread all over Wu, prestige and therefore have soared.
Adoptive father, after hearing personally to see, can not help but secretly admire. Xu know Patent rise under the jurisdiction of state and great changes of the past like, storehouses full, the walls were tall and strong repair, the city is also governed in perfect order with one of peaceful event scene. Xu Wen was very pleased to see, so they reap the achievements of this son: he let Xu know the Runzhou Patent sits to his control, himself moved to rise to the state, but will also rise to upgrade the state House of Nanking.
Xu know Patent listened, and suddenly, he immediately took off to go Runzhou. Song Qi Qiu analysis was very accurate too soon, Xu knowledge and training on trouble. He because of its extreme bullying, angered general Zhu Jin Zhu Jin Ren no less than such treatment, they look for an opportunity he was killed. Yangzhou sudden chaos, Xu Changjiang, see the other side know Patent flashed across and immediately summoned his men came across the river, into the city, soon put down the rebellion Jin Zhu.
Shi Huizheng hearts of the people
Xu Wen that Yangzhou accident, rushed to lead the troops over to view, see Xu know Patent has been put down the insurgency, stabilize the situation, very happy, praise Xu know Patent said: "The thanks you Runzhou from too close, or my home event has to go Among brothers, you have a great service it! "Then, let Xu Xu Wen Xu know Patent replace the management of knowledge and training of Yangzhou.
Xu know Patent sufferings of the people concerned, not just be a look, but personally. On one occasion, Xu know Patent in the summer heat when out, he does not have an umbrella do not get the fan, his men see him hot straight sweat, we have to distraction canopy, Xu know Patent politely declined, said: "his soldiers are exposed to the sun, how can I with this things? "Xu know Patent with his son as loving the people as local people and the soldiers won the deep affection, though it was in power is Xu temperature, but most people already tend to know Patent Xu.
Xu Wen died in Nanking, the Xu know Patent immediate action, and he was the fastest one will be taken over by Nanking, on the other hand to send troops to stop son Xu Wen Xu Wen Xu known exercise to succeed to the position. Xu Wen Xu know Patent replaced the powerful minister post, and finally the emperor Yang Pu onto the throne, his power to master Korean. He also followed the practice of the original Xu Wen themselves to the Jinling, Xu Jing-pass to his son stationed in Yangzhou. Xu Feng Yang Pu Dukes East China Sea known as the Letters Patent.
Longing throne
Xu desire to know Patent Xu temperature than his adoptive father is much greater, he did not want the total when the first minister, he wanted the throne. But he is difficult to explain, just one look in the mirror of the week were around the confidant said: "My exploits have been completed, but I was also old. Oh, that how to do?"
Zhou Xu were already seen to know Patent mind, but the owner would not say he did not pick out. See Xu know Patent say, will understand. So he went with others, together with the activities. Everyone takes their turn to persuade Xu know Patent succession emperor, and finally, Xu had some knowledge Patent modest decline, and finally agreed.
Tian-Tzuoh Wu for three years (AD 937), the Khitan day was twelve years, two years in May after the Jin Tianfu Wu King of Qi Xu (known) Patent advisor Song Qi Qiu with the plan, want to take joint Khitan of central China, sent envoys from the sea festival offer beauty, curios and Khitan repaired. Khitan Emperor Yelv Deguang also sent envoys return.
Tianzuo three years (AD 937), Yang Pu was forced to give way, and Xu know Patent officially became the emperor, a large number Qi Jianguo, to Nanking as the capital. After the founding emperor, surnamed Xu Xu know Patent feel not good, just two years after the restoration of a surname, changed its name to Li Lei, claiming the four-generation descendant of Emperor Xian Zong Li Ke, so he in turn the country into the Tang, for the Later Tang Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty and the difference between history known as the Southern Tang. Generally there are some spirits like the emperor's story, and these stories were often spread to folk forms. Xu know Patent emperor in the before and after the South had a nursery rhyme, "the East China Sea carp fly overhead." So when the emperor Patent Xu know, people come out explaining the folk of the East China Sea that is knighted in the name of Xu, the East China Wang, Lei Li Bian means to prove the emperor Li Bian is a divine revelation. In fact, feudal society, You are many people even though yes very prestige of the Ren Ren's support for Zhengqu other, Yexiangjiezhu have always believed that Da Jia was 自己 folk to create a favorable opinion, particularly children singing the nursery rhyme, more is that children made and honest, easy to let everyone believe, so we compiled a catchy ballad sung by children at a later time to move people to think that providence, was also very easy to accept.
Protectors do righteousness of the king
The Temple in the east, and Xu Yang Hangmi know Patent inherited the practice, with peace. One year, the Temple in place of the big fire, the palaces and treasuries have been burned abnormal heavy, weapons armor were burned a little. At this time, ministers also proposed to take this golden opportunity to send soldiers, in one fell swoop exterminate Wu Yue. Xu know Patent has not agreed to, but to send condolences to the Wu and Yue, then they sent a lot of material relief, from the two best consumer grievances, long friendly to each other up.
Wuyue time in Yangxing Mi hostility on and JAC, see Xu know Patent world was more than long-term war, offensive military forces disturbing, and bring disaster on the people. Therefore, before the emperor, and Wu Yue Qian regime began to fix, to return all captured officers and men of Wu and Yue, and Qian Tao also reported that Lee, the captured soldiers of Wu Li sent back, have a fundamental relationship between the two turn.
Xu know Patent do not like the use of troops, but his Minister, but many like to talk about war, especially Feng Yan-si, often express some advocate use of troops at length, but also rampantly on Xu known Patent, said: "Tian Sheweng how can NCKU things!" But Xu know Patent not angry, as one solid their territory, do not want to expand the territory. But it also benefits the people, one peace, and second, less taxes, because there is no great war, consumption and demand.
A good example of thrift
Because of the XU Zhi Patent protectors of the policy, coupled with well-governed, Southern Tang eventually become 10 countries most advanced in the economic and cultural areas, Xu know Patent ten countries have become the most outstanding statesman, he Jianghuai area economy made important contributions to the development.
Nantangliezu death and the grave Qinling
In the relatively stable conditions, the Southern Tang has been the development of social production. Businessmen with tea, silk and the Central Plains to exchange sheep, horses, and trade by sea and the Khitan. Asian countries compared with the same time independent regime, Southern Tang vigorously strong; because Hing examination, built schools, cultural prosperity than other countries. Nantangliezu know Patent is in the Southern Tang Xu Sheng Yuan seven years (AD 943) the longevity of Taoism belief, Dan Stone died of poisoning. The eldest son of Li Jing to the throne, as in the main.
Li Lei Qin Ling Ling are 2 Department of the mountain for the mausoleum, a distance of 100 meters. Li Lei and Queen's Song of the buried tomb Home East, known as the Qin Ling, built in AD 943. Empress Chung Li Jing and the buried tomb Gysi, called the Shun Mausoleum, built in AD 961. Li Lei Ling having built strong momentum when the Southern Tang; so the larger, richer funerary objects; Li Jing Ling is built in the Tang Dynasty country was on the wane, the scale is smaller than the tomb is not rich.
Li Lei Qin Ling over a total length of 21 meters, 10 meters wide and over, including before, during and after the three main rooms and 10 Ce Shi. Before, during and two-bedroom and its accompanying four Ceshi a brick structure, post room and its accompanying six Ceshi is stone structure. Mumen and before, during and after the three main rooms are modeled on the then prevalent style wooden building in the use of brick or stone wall into the beams, bridges, pillars and brackets, and then azurite, Dan Lv, storage Dan Stone and powder mineral pigments in their painting painted with bright, pattern more peony, lotus, Po phase, sea and cloud patterns such as pomegranate. According to scholars, that this is currently a subsidiary of the oldest part of the painting in the column remains Fang, history and art history in the construction are of high value.
Li Lei Ling before, during and after the room had attached to the side of the room to place the brick burial platform, the original home of the gold, jade, copper, iron and ceramic artifacts were qualitatively early grave robbers looted or destroyed by the disruption. Archaeological artifacts from the robbery to Yu Ai Yu Tao Bay book and more important as the former is filled gold lettering, indicating the name of the mausoleum of the tomb and buried years; which hundreds of men and women palace attendants Chung and dance song and and a variety of animals, Chung, is also rare in the South Song tombs.
Translated by Google