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阅读弗拉绥里 Naim Frashëri在诗海的作品!!! |
纳伊姆·弗拉舍里（1846—1900）历来有阿尔巴尼亚文学之父的美名。他的文学成就和产生的社会影响，是迄今为止任何人也比不过的。他具有强烈的民主主义思想，是一个热爱祖国，眷恋人民的爱国诗人，知识渊博的教育家，阿尔巴尼亚新文学的奠基者。
纳伊姆·弗拉绥里(1846-1900)阿尔巴尼亚卓越的学者、作家和社会活动家，阿尔巴尼亚近代最伟大的诗人，新文学的奠基人。1886年在布达佩斯发表抒情长诗《畜群和土地》，在阿尔巴尼亚文学史上，诗人第一次使祖国的壮丽河山和勤劳的农牧民生活获得如此充满激情的描绘和歌颂。
弗拉舍里小时候很早就学习土耳其语、阿拉伯语、波斯语和法语，并且在穆斯林派作家影响下，模仿鲁米和萨迪的艺术风格，开始用波斯语写作。青年时代，为了生计，奔波于阿尔巴尼业和伊斯坦布尔之间。为了治病去过奥地利，在维也纳博物馆看到了民族英雄斯坎德培用过的武器，这对他后来创作长诗《斯坎德培的一生》颇有启迪。1878年，他同普里兹伦同盟建立了直接的联系，并积极参加了它所领导的斗争。普里兹伦同盟被土耳其破坏、摧毁以后，弗拉舍里被迫领着家人到伊斯坦布尔定居。身在异国他乡，心却向往着祖邦，把全部精力都用在编写教科书和搜集、改编拉封丹的寓言的工作上。另外，还写下了《畜群和大地》、《夏天的花朵》、《斯坎德培的一生》等不朽的作品。1900年10月20日，弗拉舍里病逝于伊斯坦布尔。
弗拉绥里1886年在布达佩斯发表抒情长诗《畜群和土地》，在阿尔巴尼亚文学史上，诗人第一次使祖国的壮丽河山和勤劳的农牧民生活获得如此充满激情的描绘和歌颂。他的重要作品还有抒情诗集《夏天之花》，叙事史诗《斯坎德培的一生》等。
作品赏析
生活
生活呵，有什么能和它相比？
它藏着一把认识万物的钥匙，
严寒酷暑，朝霞落日，
冰与火，光明与阴影。
奇妙的生活仪态万千，
我能亲眼看见真感到高兴。
我爱在深夜的时刻
享受宇宙的寂静，
我爱那漠漠苍穹——
碧空万里，一片安宁，
它在暴风雨前乌云滚滚，
也有轻轻飘动的朵朵白云。
我爱那细雨霏霏，雷声隆隆，
暴风骤雨，雪花漫天。
小河流水，垮玲琮琮，
原野牧场，陡峭的山岩。
瀑布激流，飞泻奔腾，
崇山峻岭，千里平原。
我爱那空山鸟语，绿树婆娑，
峥嵘的怪石和春季里
花团锦簇的草坪。
我爱那林中的鸟群，
和它们无忧无虑
此起彼伏的啼鸣。
一切我都喜爱，一切我都欢迎，
人们、天空、大地、
夜的黑暗、白昼的光明，——
是这种人间盛事、宇宙万象，
用永远年轻、永远新鲜的活力，
在不断地鼓舞我们前进。
杜承南译
夏天过去了……
夏天过去了，
夜莺已不在树梢啼鸣。
叶落花飞，庭园凋零，
冬天即将来临。
原野盖上了第一场白雪，
枝头落下了最后几片枯叶——
四野茫茫，一片荒凉，
大地沉入了梦乡。
鸟儿不声不响，田野静悄悄，
只有我这颗心片刻不能安宁。
你在哪儿？怎样把你寻找？
我将永远呼唤着你，满怀酸辛。
（张昭 译）
Naim and his brothers Abdyl and Sami were born and raised in the village of Frashër at the southern slopes of the Tomorr Mountains. He extraordinary became acquainted with numerous cultures and languages such as Arabic, Ancient and Modern Greek, French, Italian, Ottoman Turkish language and Persian. He was one of the few men to whom the literary culture of the Occident and Orient was equally familiar and valuable.
Upon the death of his father, he and his family settled to Ioannina where he earned initial inspiration for his future poetries written in the lyric and romantic style. After he suffered a severe lung infection, due to his congenital tuberculosis, in Constantinople, he joined his brother Abdyl in the fight for national freedom and consciousness of the Albanian people during the Albanian Renaissance in which he later became the most distinguished representative of that period.
Frashëri's masterpieces explored themes such as freedom, humanity, unity, tolerance and revolution. His extant works include twenty two works composed of fifteen works written in Albanian as well as four in Turkish, two in Greek and one in Persian, accessible to an audience beyond Albania. He is the most representative writer of sufi poetry in Albanian, being under the influence of his uncle Dalip Frashëri, he tried to mingle sufism with western philosophy in his poetical ideals. He had an extraordinarily profound impact on the Albanian literature and society during the 20th century most notably on Asdreni, Gjergj Fishta and Lasgush Poradeci, among many others.
Ti Shqipëri, më jep nder, më jep emrin Shqipëtar, a memorable line in his poem O malet e Shqipërisë, has been designated as the national motto of Albania. It speaks to unity, freedom and it embodies in its words a sense of pride towards country and people.