yuèdòuzhāng jiǔ líng Zhang Jiulingzài诗海dezuòpǐn!!! |
[ zhāng shuō zhāng jiǔ líng ]
chū táng yǐ lái, wén xué biàn gé de zhù yào lì liàng lái zì yī qún shè huì dì wèi bù gāo de wén rén。 dàn bù kě fǒu rèn, tā men
de chéng gōng tóng mǒu xiē jù yòu yuǎn jiàn de quán shì rén wù de zhī chí yòu yī dìng guān xì。 rú gāo zōng de gǔ gōng zhòng chén xuē yuán chāo, céng jǔ
jiàn yáng jiǒng wéi chóng wén guǎn xué shì。 yáng yǐ “ xuē lìng gōng cháo yòu wén zōng, tuō mò qì 'ér tuī yī biàn ”(《 wáng bó jí xù》) zhī
yǔ, chēng sòng xuē shì duì tā men de wén xué shì yè suǒ qǐ de zuò yòng, sì jié yīn cǐ néng zài yī shí jiān zào chéng hěn dà shì tóu。 sì jié、
chén zǐ 'áng zhī hòu, dào liǎo zhōng zōng shén lóng、 jǐng lóng nián jiān, yìng zhì zhī fēng dà shèng, shī tán yòu gù tài fù méng de qū shì。 zài kāi
yuán qián qī, shēn jiān zhí zǎi dà chén hé zuò jiā shuāngchóng shēn fèn de zhāng shuō、 zhāng jiǔ líng duì niǔ zhuǎn zhè yī qū shì qǐ liǎo zhòng yào zuò yòng。
tā men de shī, suī yīn dì wèi guān xì bù miǎn cháng cháng zuò chū nǔ lì bào xiào jūn zhù de biǎo shù, dàn nèi zhōng tóng shí yě bāo hán liǎo jī jí
qiú qǔ zì wǒ rén shēng jià zhí de rè qíng, yīn 'ér néng tuō chū tú wéi xū shì de gōng tíng wén xué chén xí, jù yòu gǎn rén de shēng qì。 tā
men zuò chū de biǎo shuài hé duì zhòng duō yōu xiù shī rén de jiǎng bá, shǐ dé táng shī de biàn gé hé fā zhǎn dé dào yòu lì de yán xù hé tuī jìn。
zhāng jiǔ líng( 678 héng 740) zì zǐ shòu, qū jiāng( jīn guǎng dōng sháo guān) rén。 tā wéi zhāng shuō suǒ jiǎng yè hé bá zhuó, zhāng
shuō qù shì hòu, tā yòu yú kāi yuán 'èr shí 'èr nián fǔ zuǒ xuán zōng wéi zǎixiàng。 zuò wéi kāi yuán shèng shì de zuì hòu yī gè míng xiāng, tā shēn
wéi shí rén suǒ jìng yǎng, wáng wéi、 dù fǔ dū zuò yòu sòng měi tā de shī piān。 tā céng bì mèng hào rán wéi jīng zhōu fǔ mù liáo, tí bá wáng
wéi wéi yòu shí yí; dù fǔ zǎo nián yě céng xiǎng bǎ zuò pǐn chéng xiàn gěi tā, wèi néng rú yuàn, wǎn nián zhuī yì, yóu jué dé kě xī( jiàn
《 bā 'āi shī》)。
kě yǐ shuō, tā shì zhāng shuō zhī hòu yòu yī gè jì yòu quán wèi yòu shòu rén qīn mù de wén tán zōng jiàng。 yòu《 qū jiāng jí》。
zhāng jiǔ líng de shī wén chuàng zuò zài jīng shén shàng hé zhāng shuō yòu yī mài xiāng chéng zhī chù。 tā gāo dù píng jià zhāng shuō yǐ wáng bà zhī qì chōng
shí shī wén, zài tā de shī lǐ, yě bù shí kě yǐ dú dào“ zhōng lǎn bà wáng shuō, shàng jiào míng zhù 'ēn”(《 chóu wáng lǚ zhèn yóu yuán
lín jiàn yí》),“ ruò suì dú qún shǐ, kàng jì zhuī gǔ rén。 bèi hè yòuhuái yù, pèi yìn cóng fù xīn”(《 xù huái 'èr shǒu》
zhī yī) zhī lèi de jù zǐ。
dàn shì, hé zhāng shuō de shī gē zhòng zài 'ōu gē gōng yè bào fù bù tóng, zhāng jiǔ líng de shī gē gèng duō dì biǎo xiàn zài qióng dá jìn tuì
zhōng bǎo chí gāo jié cāo shǒu de rén gé lǐ xiǎng。 zài zāo lǐ lín fǔ pái jǐ bà xiāng yǐ hòu, zhè zhǒng tài dù yóu qí xiān míng。 tā yī fāng miàn
xī wàng qiē rù shè huì zhèng zhì, zhuī qiú jīng guó zhī dà yè hé bù xiǔ zhī shèng jǔ, lìng yī fāng miàn yòu lì tú chí chāo yuè tài dù, bǎ
“ shì” hé“ yǐn” zhè yī duì máo dùn hé xié dì tǒng yī qǐ lái, bù yuàn wéi zhuī qiú gōng yè 'ér qū jǐ mèi shì。 zhè zhǒng jìn tuì yù
rú de shēng huó zhuī qiú, zài dāng shí shì hěn yòu dài biǎo xìng de, qí zhōng bāo hán yǐ zhù dòng zī tài shè jì zì wǒ rén shēng dào lù de yù wàng。
ér gōng míng shì yè hé zì yóu rén shēng, yě zhèng shì shèng táng shī de liǎng tiáo zhù yào guǐ jì。
zài yì shù biǎo xiàn shàng, zhāng jiǔ líng de shī gē bù xiàng zhāng shuō nà yàng zhí shū xiōng yì, ér shì yǐ xīng jì wéi zhù, xiǎn dé wěi wǎn
yùn jiè。 lì rú tā de《 gǎn yù》 shí 'èr shǒu, jūn yǐ fāng cǎo měi rén de yì xiàng, tuō wù yán zhì, shū xiě zì jǐ suǒ xìn shǒu de
gāo shàng pǐn gé。
qí yī yún:
lán yè chūn wēi ruí, guì huá qiū jiǎo jié。 xīn xīn cǐ shēng yì, zì 'ěr wéi jiā jié。 shuí zhī lín qī zhě, wén fēng zuò xiāng yuè。
cǎo mù yòu běn xīn, hé qiú měi rén zhé。
yǐ fēn fāng de lán、 guì yù xián zhě bù suí sú、 bù qiú yuè yú rén de nèi měi。 qí qī yǒng jú, zài qū yuán《 jú sòng》 zàn
měi dú lì bù qiān zhī rén gé de yù yì zhōng, yòu zēng zhī yǐ yòng shì jì rén de zhōng huái, lì yì gèng jiàn fēng hòu。 zǔ shī zhī bā、 zhī
jiǔ yòu yǐ měi rén tuō yù:“ měi rén hé chù suǒ, gū kè kōng yōu yōu。”“ měi rén shì yì fāng, tíng shù hán yōu sè。” yòng lái
shū xiě liàn jué zhī xīn hé shǐ zhì bù yú de cāo shǒu。 zhè xiē shī piān shòu chǔ cí de yǐng xiǎng jiào duō, dàn qíng cí wěi wǎn, zài gǔ diǎn chuán
tǒng shàng, kě yǐ shuō shì jiān yòu“ fēng”、“ sāo” de qíng yùn。
zhāng jiǔ líng sù hǎo shān shuǐ qīng shǎng, xǐ biǎo xiàn fēng qīng yuè lǎng de jiāng shān yǔ gū gāo qīng yíng de jīn huái de qì hé。 tā zài yì shù
shàng zhe yì zhuī qiú“ yán xiàng huì zì mǐn, yì sè liáo zì xuān”(《 tí huà shān shuǐ zhàng》), jí zhòng zài xiàng wài zhī xiàng、 yán wài
zhī yì de lǐ xiǎng, zhè jiù shǐ tā de yī xiē xiě jǐng shī tū pò liǎo qián rén duō zhù zhòng jí mào xiě wù、 gōng yú xíng sì de biǎo xiàn shǒu fǎ,
ér zài zhù kè guān de jiāo róng zhōng dà lì jiā qiáng shū qíng yì wèi。
tā xiě yuè yè de shī, qíng yùn zuì wéi juàn yǒng, rú《 xī jiāng yè xíng》:
yáo yè rén hé zài, chéng tán yuè lǐ xíng。 yōu yōu tiān yǔ kuàng, qièqiè gù xiāng qíng。 wài wù jì wú rǎo, zhōng liú dàn zì qīng。
niàn guī lín yè huàn, chóu zuò lù huá shēng。 yóu yòu tīng zhōu hè, xiāo fēn zhà yī míng。
《 wàng yuè huái yuǎn》:
hǎi shàng shēng míng yuè, tiān yá gòng cǐ shí。 qíng rén yuàn yáo yè, jìng xī qǐ xiāng sī。 miè zhú lián guāng mǎn, pī yī jué lù zī。
bù kān yíng shǒu zèng, hái qǐn mèng jiā qī。
zhè xiē shī zhōng suǒ zhǎn xiàn de chéng chè róu měi de yè jǐng, chù chù shèn tòu zhe wǎn yuē shēn cháng de qíng sī, fēn bù qīng nǎ shì jǐng yǔ,
nǎ shì qíng yǔ, shī lǐ de wù sè hé yì xīng yǐ jīng hún rán yī tǐ liǎo。 hú yìng lín shuō:“ qū jiāng zhū zuò, hán qīng bá yú qǐ huì
zhī zhōng, yù shén jùn yú zhuāng yán zhī nèi。”(《 shī sǒu》) yòu shuō“ zhāng zǐ shòu shǒu chuàng qīng dàn zhī pài”( tóng shàng), rèn
wèitā xià kāi mèng hào rán、 wáng wéi děng yī lù de shī fēng。 zhè shì shí fēn zhòngkěn de。
( zhōng guó wén xué shǐ, zhāng péi héng luò yù míng, youth sǎo xiào)
Zhang Jiuling was born in 678 to a gentry family in Qujiang (曲江, in modern Guangdong province) in Shaozhou (韶州) which was at the time a relatively remote area of the Tang empire. He gained the degree of jinshi probably in his twenties and was appointed successively to a number of senior positions (秘書省校書郎、右拾遺、左拾遺) at the capital Chang'an. Later, due to disputes at court, Zhang was forced into exile from Chang'an. During this time he returned to his hometown and organised a number of local projects, including the construction of a road through strategic Mei Pass, linking what is now Jiangxi and Guangdong.
In 718 he returned to the capital and was appointed Aide to the Master of Writing. Later factional fighting again forced him to the provinces. In 731, Emperor Xuanzong recalled him. His literary skills won the admiration of the monarch. In 733, Zhang Jiuling was made Director of the Secretariat and concurrenty Grand Councilor, the highest official post of the empire. Zhang held the position of Grand Councilor until 737, when he was sacked and demoted. During his time in the post, however, Zhang was remembered for his humanitarian policies. He advocated reforms of officialdom, humane treatment of the commoners, encouragement of agriculture and the reduction of conscription duties. These policies are recognised as continuing the "golden age" of the Kaiyuan era. In terms of court politics, Zhang supported the Heir Apparent Li Ying (李瑛) and vehemently opposed the faction of An Lushan and Li Linfu (李林甫).
In 740, Zhang Jiuling died from illness in his native Qujiang. In 756, the outbreak of the An Lushan Rebellion confirmed Zhang's honourable status at the Tang court and in history.