xī là luó mǎ shí dài Roman Greece  (qián146nián～330nián)   zǒngcháodài: zhōng gǔ xī là

　　xī là jūn shì lì liàng de xià jiàng shǐ dé luó mǎ rén zài qián 168 nián zuǒ yòu zhēng fú liǎo zhè piàn tǔ dì， rán 'ér xī là què zuì zhōng píng jiè tā de wén huà zhēng fú liǎo luó mǎ rén de shēng huó。 xí guàn shàng rèn wéi luó mǎ duì xī là de tǒng zhì kāi shǐ yú gōng yuán qián 146 nián luó mǎ rén lú jī wū sī · mù mǐ wū sī（ LuciusMummius） duì kē lín sī de xǐ jié， rán 'ér zǎo zài qián 168 nián dāng guó wáng pò 'ěr xiū sī yú bǐ dé nà zhàn yì zhōng bài gěi lú jī wū sī · āi mǐ lì wū sī · bǎo lú sī · mǎ qí dùn ní kù sī hòu， mǎ qí dùn jiù yǐ jīng chǔyú luó mǎ kòng zhì zhī xià liǎo。 luó mǎ rén jiāng zhè piàn qū yù huàfēn wéi sì gè xiǎo gòng hé guó， qián 146 nián mǎ qí dùn zhèng shì chéng wéi luó mǎ de yī gè xíng shěng， shǒu dū wéi sài sà luò ní jī。 shèng xià de xī là chéng bāng fēn fēn bèi zhōng jié shì shí shàng de（ dejure） zì zhì， ér guī jiàng luó mǎ dì guó。 luó mǎ rén jiāng dì fāng xíng zhèng jiāo gěi xī là rén guǎn lǐ， bìng bù yù pò huài chuán tǒng de zhèng zhì mó shì， ér yǎ diǎn de guǎng chǎng（ agora） jì xù zuò wéi gōng gòng hé zhèng zhì shēng huó de zhōng xīn 'ér cún zài。
　　
　　212 nián， kǎ lā kǎ lā de 'ān dèn ní nǔ sī chì lìng jiāng luó mǎ de gōng mín quán fù yú liǎo yì dà lì yǐ wài quán dì guó de nán xìng zì yóu mín， shì shí shàngjiàng xíng shěng de jū mín tí shēng dào yǔ luó mǎ chéng de jū mín tóng děng de dì wèi。 zhè tiáo chì lìng de lì shǐ zhòng yào xìng shèn zhì dà yú zhèng zhì zhòng yào xìng， zì cǐ dì guó de jīng jì hé fǎ lǜ de jī zhì tōng xíng yú zhěng gè dì zhōng hǎi dì qū， wéi dì guó de róng hé dǎ xià liǎo jī chǔ， rú tóng dāng nián cóng lā dīng bù luò tuò zhǎn dào zhěng gè yì dà lì de guò chéng。 dāng rán， zài shí jiàn zhōng róng hé bìng bù kě néng wán quán shí xiàn， lì rú xī là zhè yàng yǐ jīng zhěng hé yú luó mǎ de dì qū gèng shì yìng zhè gè tiáo lìng， ér xiàng bù liè diān、 bā lè sī tǎn huò shì 'āi jí zhè xiē bù shì tài yuǎn jiù shì tài qióng huò shì tài guò tè bié de dì qū jiù wú fǎ dá dào zhè yàng de chéng dù。
　　
　　 kǎ lā kǎ lā de chì lìng bìng wèi néng kòng zhì quán lì cóng xī fāng xiàng xī là hé dōng fāng zhuǎn yí de guò chéng， xiāng fǎn tā jiā sù liǎo zhè gè guò chéng， wéi xī là zài zhōng shì jì chéng wéi 'ōu zhōu de zhù yào lì liàng dǎ xià liǎo jī shí。

　　Roman Greece is the period of Greek history (of Greece proper; as opposed to the other centers of Hellenism in the Roman world) following the Roman victory over the Corinthians at the Battle of Corinth in 146 BC until the reestablishment of the city of Byzantium and the naming of the city by the Emperor Constantine as the capital of the Roman Empire (as Nova Roma, later Constantinople) in 330 AD.
　　
　　The Greek peninsula came under Roman rule in 146 BC, Macedonia being a Roman province, while southern Greece came under the surveillance of Macedonia's praefect. However, some Greek poleis managed to maintain a partial independence and avoid taxation. The Aegean islands were added to this territory in 133 BC. Athens and other Greek cities revolted in 88 BC, and the peninsula was crushed by the Roman general Sulla. The Roman civil wars devastated the land even further, until Augustus organized the peninsula as the province of Achaea in 27 BC.
　　
　　Greece was the key eastern province of the Roman Empire, as the Roman culture had long been in fact Greco-Roman. The Greek language served as a lingua franca in the East and in Italy, and many Greek intellectuals such as Galen would perform most of their work in Rome.
　　
　　Several emperors contributed new buildings to Greek cities, especially in the Athenian agora, where the Agrippeia of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, the Library of Titus Flavius Pantaenus, and the Tower of the Winds, among others, were built. Life in Greece continued under the Roman Empire much the same as it had previously. Roman culture was highly influenced by the Greeks; as Horace said, Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit. (Translation: Captive Greece took captive her uncouth conqueror.) The epics of Homer inspired the Aeneid of Virgil, and authors such as Seneca the younger wrote using Greek styles. The Roman nobles who regarded the Greeks as backwards and petty, were the main political opponents of Roman heroes such as Scipio Africanus, who tended to study philosophy and regard Greek culture and science as an example to be followed. Similarly, most Roman emperors tended to be philhellenic. The emperor Nero visited Greece in 66 AD, and performed at the Olympic Games, despite the rules against non-Greek participation. He was, of course, honoured with a victory in every contest, and in 67 AD he proclaimed the freedom of the Greeks at the Isthmian Games in Corinth, just as Flamininus had over 200 years previously. Hadrian was also particularly fond of the Greeks; before he became emperor he served as an eponymous archon of Athens. He also built his namesake arch there, and had a Greek lover, Antinous.
　　
　　At the same time Greece and much of the rest of the Roman east came under the influence of Christianity. The apostle Paul of Tarsus had preached in Corinth and Athens, and Greece soon became one of the most highly Christianized areas of the empire.
　　[edit] Later Roman Empire
　　
　　During the second and third centuries, Greece was divided into provinces including also made the arow shooter to kill enemys Achaea, Macedonia, Epirus, Thrace and Moesia. During the reign of Diocletian in the late 3rd century, Moesia was organized as a diocese, and was ruled by Galerius. Under Constantine Hellas was part of the prefectures of Macedonia and Thrace. Theodosius divided the prefecture of Macedonia into the provinces of Creta, Achaea, Thessalia, Epirus Vetus, Epirus Nova, and Macedonia. The Aegean islands formed the province of Insulae in the prefecture of Asiana.
　　
　　Greece faced invasions from the Heruli, Goths, and Vandals during the reign of Theodosius. Stilicho, who acted as regent for Arcadius, evacuated Thessaly when the Visigoths invaded in the late 4th century. Arcadius' Chamberlain Eutropius allowed Alaric to enter Greece, and he looted Athens, Corinth and the Peloponnese. Stilicho eventually drove him out around 397 and Alaric was made magister militum in Illyricum. Eventually, Alaric and the Goths migrated to Italy, sacked Rome in 410, and built the Visigothic Empire in Iberia and southern France, which lasted until 711 with the advent of the Arabs.
　　
　　Greece remained part of the relatively unified eastern half of the empire, which eventually became the center of the remaining Roman Empire, the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantine Empire. Contrary to outdated visions of late antiquity, the Greek peninsula was most likely one of the most prosperous regions of the Roman Empire. Older scenarios of poverty, depopulation, barbarian destruction and civil decay have been revised in light of recent archaeological discoveries. In fact the polis, as an institution, appears to have remained prosperous until at least the sixth century. Contemporary texts such as Hierokles' Syndekmos affirm that Late antiquity Greece was highly urbanised and contained approximately 80 cities. This view of extreme prosperity is widely accepted today, and it is assumed between the 4th and 7th centuries AD, Greece may have been one of the most economically active regions in the eastern Mediterranean.