shén shèng luó mǎ dì guó yú yuē 800
nián fǎ lán kè rén de guó wáng chá lǐ màn bèi jiào huáng jiā miǎn wéi huáng dì shí kāi shǐ jué qǐ。
tā de dì guó lì zú yú fǎ guó、
dī dì guó jiā hé dé guó，
kuò zhāng zhì xiàn dài de yì dà lì、
xià sà kè sēn、
bō xī mǐ yà、
xiōng yá lì hé xī bān yá。
tā hé tā de fù qīn dé dào liǎo jiào huáng de '
àn zhōng zhī chí，
yīn wéi hòu zhě xiǎng huò dé duì kàng lún bā dì rén de zī běn。
zhèng shì dì shuō lái jiào huáng shì bài zhàn tíng dì guó de chén shǔ，
dàn shì bài zhàn tíng huáng dì méi yòu（
yě bù néng）
jìn xíng rèn hé duì kàng lún bā dì rén de xíng dòng。
zài dōng fāng bǎo jiā lì yà yú 681
nián jiàn lì，
chéng wéi dì yī gè sī lā fū guó jiā。
qiáng dà de bǎo jiā lì yà dì guó shì jǐ gè shì jì zhōng yǔ bài zhàn tíng zhēng duó bā '
ěr gān kòng zhì quán de zhù yào duì shǒu，
zài 9
shì jì chéng wéi liǎo '
ōu zhōu sī lā fū dì qū de wén huà zhōng xīn。
liǎng gè guó jiā dà mó lā wéi yà hé jī fǔ luó sī zài 9
shì jì de dōng xī sī lā fū dì qū fēn bié jué qǐ。
zài 9
shì jì hòu qī yǔ 10
shì jì běi '
ōu hé xī '
ōu gǎn dào liǎo xùn sù jué qǐ de wéi jīng rén de lì liàng hé yǐng xiǎng，
tā men shǐ yòng tā men fā dá de háng hǎi chuán zhǐ rú cháng chuán děng fēi sù dì、
yòu xiàolǜ dì lüè duó、
mǎi mài、
zhēng fú hé zhí mín。
xiōng yá lì rén lüè duó liǎo '
ōu zhōu dà lù，
pèi qiē niè gé rén xíjuǎn liǎo dōng '
ōu，
ér '
ā lā bó rén lüè guò nán '
ōu。
zài 10
shì jì zhōng '
ōu jiàn lì liǎo jǐ gè dú lì wáng guó，
rú bō lán hé xiōng yá lì wáng guó。
xiōng yá lì rén tíng zhǐ liǎo lüè duó，
zhù yào de mín zú guó jiā yě bāo kuò liǎo bā '
ěr gān de kè luó dì yà hé sài '
ěr wéi yà。
jiē xià lái zhí dào 1000
nián de shí qī zhōng，
fēng jiàn zhì dù jìn yī bù fā zhǎn，
cóng '
ér xuē ruò liǎo shén shèng luó mǎ dì guó。
The Holy Roman Empire emerged around 800, as Charlemagne, king of the Franks, was crowned by the pope as emperor. His empire based in modern France, the Low Countries and Germany expanded into modern Hungary, Italy, Bohemia, Lower Saxony and Spain. He and his father received substantial help from an alliance with the Pope, who wanted help against the Lombards. The pope was officially a vassal of the Byzantine Empire, but the Byzantine emperor did (could do) nothing against the Lombards.
To the east Bulgaria was established in 681 and became the first Slavic country. The powerful Bulgarian Empire was the main rival of Byzantium for control of the Balkans for centuries and from the 9th century became the cultural center of Slavic Europe. Two states, Great Moravia and Kievan Rus', emerged among the Western and Eastern Slavs respectively in the 9th century. In the late 9th century and 10th century, northern and western Europe felt the burgeoning power and influence of the Vikings who raided, traded, conquered and settled swiftly and efficiently with their advanced sea-going vessels such as the longships. The Hungarians pillaged mainland Europe, the Pechenegs raided eastern Europe and the Arabs the south. In the 10th century independent kingdoms were established in Central Europe, for example, Poland and Kingdom of Hungary. Hungarians had stopped their pillaging campaigns; prominent nation states also included Croatia and Serbia in the Balkans. The subsequent period, ending around 1000, saw the further growth of feudalism, which weakened the Holy Roman Empire.