ā cí tè kè（
huò yì wéi '
ā cí tái kè、
ā cí tí kè）
shì yī gè zài 14
shì jì － 16
shì jì de mò xī gē gǔ wén míng。
chuán shuō
“ ā cí tè kè ” yī cí lái zì nà wǎ tè '
ěr yǔ： aztēcah
wéi aztēcatl
de zhòng shù，
jí“
lái zì '
ā cí tè lán de rén”
de yì sī；
rán '
ér，
ā cí tè kè rén chēng tā men zì jǐ wéi mò xī jiā（ Mexìcâ）
huò tè nuò qí kǎ rén（ Tenochca）。
gēn jù chuán shuō，
ā cí tè kè rén de zǔ xiān shì cóng běi fāng yī gè jiào '
ā cí tè lán de dì fāng lái de，
tā men gēn jù tài yáng shén wēi qí luò bō qì tè lǐ de zhǐ shì wǎng nán lái dào '
ā nà wǎ kè gǔ（ Anahuacvalley）
de tè sī kē kē hú；
dāng tā men lái dào hú zhōng yāng de dǎo yǔ shí，
tā men kàn dào yī zhǐ diāo zhù shé de lǎo yīng tíng xiē zài xiān rén zhǎng shàng，
zhè gè yì xiàng gào sù tā men yīnggāi zài zhè lǐ jiàn zào chéng shì。 1325
nián '
ā cí tè kè rén zài zhè gè dì fāng jiàn lì liǎo tè nuò qí tí tè lán，
yī zuò jù dà de rén gōng dǎo，
xiàn zài mò xī gē chéng de zhōng xīn。
dì guó
ā cí tè kè dì guó gòng chuán liǎo 12
wèi tǒng zhì zhě。
*
chuán shuō zhōng de chuàng jiàn zhě：
tè nuò qí（ Ténoch）
*1375
nián－ 1395
nián： Acamapichtili
*1395
nián－ 1417
nián： Huitzilíhuitl
*1417
nián－ 1427
nián：
qí mǎ '
ěr bō bō kǎ（ Chimalpopoca）
*1427
nián－ 1440
nián：
yī cí kē '
ā tè '
ěr（ Itzcóatl）
*1440
nián－ 1469
nián：
méng tè sū mǎ yī shì（ MoctezumaI）
*1469
nián－ 1481
nián：
ā hā yǎ kǎ tè '
ěr（ Axayacatl）
*1481
nián－ 1486
nián： Tízoc
*1486
nián－ 1502
nián： Auítzotl（
tōng cháng pīn wéi Ahuitzotl）
*1502
nián－ 1520
nián：
méng tè sū mǎ '
èr shì（ MoctezumaII，
yòu míng de méng tè sū mǎ）
*1520
nián：
kù yī tè lā huá kè（ Cuitláuac，
tōng cháng pīn wéi Cuitlahuac）
*1520
nián－ 1524
nián：
kù '
ào hè tè mò kè（ Cuautémoc，
tōng cháng pīn wéi Cuauhtemoc）
zuì chū，
ā cí tè kè shì Tezozomoc
tǒng zhì xià de Tepanecs
guó de yōng bīng，
bìng cháng yǔ tuō '
ěr tí kè rén（ Toltecs）
fā shēng zhàn zhēng。
dāng Tezozomoc
sǐ qù，
tā de '
ér zǐ Maxtla '
àn shā liǎo qí mǎ '
ěr bō bō kǎ（ Chimalpopoca）； 1428
nián，
qí mǎ '
ěr bō bō kǎ de shū shū yī cí kē '
ā tè '
ěr（ Itzcóatl）
yǔ dé sī kē kē hú de qián tǒng zhì zhě Nezahualcoyotl
tóng méng，
bìng jìn gōng Maxtla
de shǒu dū Azcapotzalco； 100
tiān hòu， Maxtla
tóu jiàng bìng bèi fàng zhú。
ā cí tè kè（ Tenochtitlán）、
dé sī kē kē（ Texcoco）、
hé tè lā kē bān（ Tlacopan）
zǔ chéng liǎo tóng méng，
bìng qǔ dé mò xī gē gǔ dì de tǒng zhì quán，
ā cí tè kè shì qí zhōng zuì qiáng de lì liàng。
yī cí kē '
ā tè '
ěr de zhí zǐ méng tè sū mǎ yī shì zài 1440
nián dēng jī，
bìng kuò zhāng liǎo tā de guó tǔ， 1450
nián－ 1454
nián fā shēng liǎo yóu gān hàn dǎo zhì de dà jī huāng，
wèicǐ，
méng tè sū mǎ bù duàn de fā dòng róng guān zhàn zhēng（ FloweryWars）
huò qǔ fú lǔ lái jì sì shén líng。
méng tè sū mǎ yī shì de '
ér zǐ '
ā hā yǎ kǎ tè '
ěr duì tè lā tè luò kē（ Tlatelolco）
wáng guó fā dòng liǎo zhàn zhēng，
dàn bèi Tzintzuntzan
de tǎ lā sī kē（ Tarascan）
suǒ jī bài，
zhè shì dì guó yòu shǐ yǐ lái zāo yù de dì yī cì cǎn bài，
dàn suí hòu shōu fù liǎo Huasteca
dì qū，
bìng zhēng fú liǎo mǐ kè tè rén（ Mixtecs）
hé sà bā tè kè rén（ Zapotecs）。
1481
nián，
ā hā yǎ kǎ tè '
ěr（ Axayácatl）
de '
ér zǐ Tízoc
duǎn zàn liǎo tǒng zhì gāi guó，
suí hòu biàn bèi tā de dì dì Auítzotl
suǒ qǔ dài。
zài Auítzotl
de tǒng zhì xià，
ā cí tè kè dì guó de bǎn tú dá dào liǎo zuì xīng shèng shí qī，
gòng kòng zhì liǎo 33
gè shěng fèn de 371
gè bù luò。
shǒu dū tè nuò qí tí tè lán céng jīng yòu 25
wàn rén jū zhù，
shì dāng shí shì jiè zuì dà de chéng shì zhī yī。
ā hā yǎ kǎ tè '
ěr（ Axayácatl）
de '
ér zǐ méng tè sū mǎ '
èr shì zài 1502
nián dēng jī， 1504
nián kāi shǐ fā dòng duì tè lā kè sī kǎ lā（ Tlaxcala）
de zhàn zhēng， 1519
nián xī bān yá rén cóng mò xī gē wān dēng lù，
dāng shí '
ā cí tè kè rén wù yǐ wéi shì chuán shuō zhōng yǔ shé shén（ Quetzalcoatl）
de guī lái，
yīn cǐ yāo qǐng xī bān yá rén jìn chéng，
dàn xī bān yá rén què ruǎn jìn liǎo méng tè sū mǎ '
èr shì。
xī bān yá rén zài chéng nèi sōu kuò huáng jīn，
bìng tú shā liǎo zǔ zhǐ tā men de jì sī men，
zhè dǎo zhì liǎo hòu lái de bào dòng，
méng tè sū mǎ '
èr shì zài 1520
nián 7
yuè 1
rì de yīcháng bào dòng zhōng bèi dà shí tóu jī zhōng nǎo bù sǐ qù，
xī bān yá yě bèi pò fàng qì tè nuò qí tí tè lán chéng。
huǐ miè
méng tè sū mǎ de zhí zǐ kù yī tè lā huá kè（ Cuitláuac）
zài dēng jī sì gè yuè hòu biàn yīn wéi xī bān yá rén dài lái de tiān huā '
ér sǐ qù。
dì guó zuì hòu de huáng dì kù '
ào hè tè mò kè（ Cuautémoc，
méng tè sū mǎ de zhí zǐ，
shí nián 18
suì）
dēng jī。 1521
nián 4
yuè 28
rì，
xī bān yá rén jí qí méng jūn kāi shǐ zuò zuì hòu de wéi gōng；
zài jīng guò cháng shí jiān de wéi chéng hé dà bù fèn rén kǒu dū sǐ yú jī '
è yǔ tiān huā de qíng kuàng xià， 1521
nián 8
yuè 13
rì，
huáng dì kù '
ào hè tè mò kè zhōng yú xiàng zhēng fú zhě kè '
ěr tè cí（ HernánCortés）
de 500
rén xī bān yá jūn duì hé 15－ 20
wàn dǐ lā sī kǎ lā méng jūn tóu jiàng。 1525
nián 2
yuè 26
rì，
tā bèi xī bān yá rén jiǎo sǐ。
dì guó de rén kǒu yě yīn wéi gè shì chuán rǎn bìng cóng 1500
wàn xùn sù xià jiàng dào 300
wàn，
shǒu dū tè nuò qí tí tè lán yě bèi shāo chéng píng dì。
xiàn zài mò xī gē de shǒu dū mò xī gē chéng shì zài tè nuò qí tí tè lán de fèi xū shàng zhòng xīn jiàn lì de。
The Aztec people were certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, a period referred to as the Late post-Classic period in Mesoamerican chronology.
Often the term "Aztec" refers exclusively to the people of Tenochtitlan, situated on an island in Lake Texcoco, who called themselves Mexica Tenochca or Colhua-Mexica.
Sometimes the term also includes the inhabitants of Tenochtitlan's two principal allied city-states, the Acolhuas of Texcoco and the Tepanecs of Tlacopan, who together with the Mexica formed the Aztec Triple Alliance which has also become known as the "Aztec Empire". In other contexts it may refer to all the various city states and their peoples, who shared large parts of their ethnic history as well as many important cultural traits with the Mexica, Acolhua and Tepanecs, and who like them, also spoke the Nahuatl language. In this meaning it is possible to talk about an Aztec civilization including all the particular cultural patterns common for the Nahuatl speaking peoples of the late postclassic period in Mesoamerica.
From the 12th century Valley of Mexico was the core of Aztec civilization: here the capital of the Aztec Triple Alliance, the city of Tenochtitlan, was built upon raised islets in Lake Texcoco. The Triple Alliance formed its tributary empire expanding its political hegemony far beyond the Valley of Mexico, conquering other city states throughout Mesoamerica.
At its pinnacle Aztec culture had rich and complex mythological and religious traditions, as well as reaching remarkable architectural and artistic accomplishments.
In 1521, in what is probably the most widely known episode in the Spanish colonization of the Americas, Hernán Cortés, along with a large number of Nahuatl speaking indigenous allies, conquered Tenochtitlan and defeated the Aztec Triple Alliance under the leadership of Hueyi Tlatoani Moctezuma II; In the series of events often referred to as "The Fall of the Aztec Empire". Subsequently the Spanish founded the new settlement of Mexico City on the site of the ruined Aztec capital.
Aztec culture and history is primarily known:
* From archaeological evidence as it is found in excavations such as that of the renowned Templo Mayor in Mexico City and many others.
* From indigenous bark paper codices.
* From eyewitness accounts by Spanish conquistadors such as Hernán Cortés and Bernal Díaz del Castillo.
* And especially from 16th and 17th century descriptions of Aztec culture and history written by Spanish clergymen and literate Aztecs in the Spanish or Nahuatl language, such as the famous Florentine Codex compiled by the Franciscan monk Bernardino de Sahagún with the help of indigenous Aztec informants.