qián lún de Pre-Columbian Mexico   ào 'ěr méi Olmec    bān zhēng 'ā guó panish conquest of the Aztec Empire    zhí mín shí Colonial Mexico    Mexican war of independence   měi zhàn zhēng War with the United States    gǎi zhàn zhēng The struggle for liberal reforms    guó gān shè huī gòng French intervention and the Second Mexican Empire    cái Order, progress and the Díaz dictatorship    mìng mín zhù xiàn zhèng Revolution and PRI   dāng dài Mexico today   


  ào 'ěr méi wén míng( Olmec) shì zhī de zuì lǎo de měi zhōu wén míng yuē cún zài gōng yuán qián 1200 nián dào gōng yuán qián 400 niánwèi zài xiàn zài de zhōng nán de dài lín zhōng xíng de tóu diāo xiàng wén míng
  
   shǐ
  
   ào 'ěr méi wén míng gōng yuán qián 1200 nián zuǒ yòu chǎn shēng zhōng měi zhōu shèng luò lún suǒ gāo de dài cóng lín dāng zhōngshèng luò lún suǒ shì zǎo 'ào 'ěr méi wén míng de zhōng xīnzài fán shèng liǎo yuē 300 nián hòu gōng yuán qián 900 nián zuǒ yòu huǐ bào hòu 'ào 'ěr méi wén míng de zhōng xīn qiān dào kào jìn wān de wén ào 'ěr méi wén míng zuì zhōng zài gōng yuán qián 400 nián zuǒ yòu xiāo shī xiāo shī de yuán yīn shàng zhīdàn yǐng xiǎng liǎo liàng de zhōng měi zhōu wén míngào 'ěr méi wén míng de duō zhēng jīn gōng diàn jiàn zào diāo zhuóměi zhōu shé shén chóng bài shì hòu lái zhōng měi zhōu wén míng de gòng tóng yuán duō shù xué zhě rèn wéi 'ào 'ěr méi wén míng shì 'ào huá kǎn děng wén míng de dàn yòu rén rèn wéi 'ào 'ěr méi wén míng zhōng měi zhōu wén míng de guān shì jiě mèi guān
  
   zhōng wài xiē xué zhě chū yīn rén dōng měi zhōu lùn jiě shì 'ào 'ěr méi wén míng rán chū xiàn 'ào 'ěr méi shù fēng zhōng guó yīn shāng shí dài shù jīng rén xiāng xiàng
   shù jiàn zhù
  
   ào 'ěr méi rén chuàng zào liǎo liàng de jiàn zhù diāo zuò pǐn men yòng shí tóu jiàn zào de gōng diàn jīn zài shí shàng jìn xíng jīng měi de diāo zhì zuò liǎo liàng de táo ào 'ěr méi rén zuì zhù míng de shù zuò pǐn guò ào 'ěr méi shí tóu xiàng zhè xiē zài huā gǎng yán shàng diāo chū de gāo 10 yīng chǐ de rén tóu xiàng xiǎn shì liǎo 'ào 'ěr méi rén gāo chāo de shù shuǐ píngrén tóu xiàng dài yòu guài de tóu kuīrén liǎn yòu fēi zhōu rén de miàn zhēngào 'ěr méi shí tóu xiàng yǐn liǎo wài xīng rén shén xiàn xiàng 'àihào zhě de guān zhù
   zōng jiào
  
   ào 'ěr méi rén zhù yào chóng bài bàn rén bàn měi zhōu de shén chóng bài shé shén( FeatheredSerpentGod) shén( TheManofCrops)。 zōng jiào xìn yǎng shì 'ào 'ěr méi shè huì de zhù xiànshèng luò lún suǒ zhǐ jiù shì zōng jiào shì zhōng xīn mín de
   wén
  
   fēn xué zhě jiāng wén chū de xiē diāo 'àn rèn wéi 'ào 'ěr méi rén de wén dàn shàng wèi dào xué jiè de gōng rèn
   chéng shì zhǐ
  
   shèng luò lún suǒ zhǐ( SanLorenzo)
  
   wén zhǐ( LaVenta): wèi nán de zhōu


  The Olmec were an ancient Pre-Columbian civilization living in the tropical lowlands of south-central Mexico, in what are roughly the modern-day states of Veracruz and Tabasco.
  
  The Olmec flourished during Mesoamerica's Formative period, dating roughly from 1400 BCE to about 400 BCE. They were the first Mesoamerican civilization and laid many of the foundations for the civilizations that followed. Among other "firsts", there is evidence that the Olmec practiced ritual bloodletting and played the Mesoamerican ballgame, hallmarks of nearly all subsequent Mesoamerican societies.
  
  The most familiar aspect of the Olmecs is their artwork, particularly the aptly-named colossal heads. In fact, the Olmec civilization was first defined through artifacts purchased on the pre-Columbian art market in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Olmec artworks are considered among ancient America's most striking and beautiful, and among the world's masterpieces.


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