1521
nián，
xī bān yá rén hè '
ěr nán ·
kē '
ěr tè sī（ HernanCortes）
shuài jūn zhú bù zhēng fú liǎo mò xī gē，
bìng bǎ zhè lǐ gēngmíng wéi xīn xī bān yá。
xī bān yá wáng shì jiāng tǔ dì lián tóng dāng dì yìn dì '
ān rén cì gěi zhēng fú zhě，
shí xíng wěi tuō jiān hù zhì，
qiǎngpò yìn dì '
ān rén fú láo yì。
zài jiē xià lái de 300
nián dāng zhōng，
zuò wéi xī bān yá de hǎi wài zhí mín dì，
qí zhù yào mùdì jiù shì shēng chǎn guì zhòng jīn shǔ bìng gōng yìng yuán liào gěi xī bān yá zhì zào chéng pǐn，
qiě tí gōng xī bān yá gōng yè chǎn pǐn de shì chǎng，
yǐ shǐ mǔ guó fù yù bìng què bǎo zìjǐ zì zú。
zhí mín tǒng zhì hòu qī，
zhè lǐ de jīng jì yě yòu liǎo yī dìng de fā zhǎn，
chū xiàn liǎo fǎng zhì、
pí gé、
yě liàn、
niàng jiǔ、
zào chuán děng gōng yè。
zhí mín shí qī，
mò xī gē rén mín céng duō cì fǎn kàng xī bān yá de tǒng zhì，
dào 19
shì jì chū，
gè zhǒng jiē jí máo dùn rì yì jī huà，
dú lì de hū shēng kāi shǐ xíjuǎn mò xī gē。
zài zhè 300
nián zhōng，
mò xī gē rén mín yī zhí yě méi yòu tíng zhǐ guò fǎn kàng zhí mín tǒng zhì de dǒu zhēng。
zhí dào 1821
nián mò xī gē rén mín cái bǎi tuō xī bān yá de zhí mín tǒng zhì。
The Spanish defeat of the Aztecs in 1521 marked the beginning of the 300 year-long colonial period called the New Spain. After the fall of Tenochtitlan, it would take decades of sporadic warfare to pacify the rest of Mesoamerica. Particularly fierce was the Chichimeca War in the north of the New Spain (1576-1606).
The Council of Indies and the Mendecant establishments that arose in Mesoamerica as early as 1524 labored to generate capital for the broken crown of Spain and convert the Indian populations to Catholicism. Over the period of conquest (1519-c1600s) and the following Colonial periods the sponsorship of Mendecant friars and a process of religious syncretism combined the Pre-Hispanic cultures with Spanish socio-religious tradition. The resulting hodgepodge of culture was a pluriethnic State that relied on the repartimiento of peasant "Republic of Indians" labor to accomplish any work considered necessary. The existing feudal system of pre-Hispanic Mesoamerican culture was replaced by the encomienda feudal-style system of Spain, probably adapted to the pre-Hispanic tradition. It was finally replaced by a debt-based inscription of labor that led to wide-spread revitalization movements and prompted the revolution that ended the colonial state of New Spain.
During the colonial period, which lasted from 1521 to 1810, Mexico was known as "la Nueva España" or "New Spain" (as aforementioned), whose territories included today's Mexico. ("Mexico" in this period only meant the area that is the Valley of Mexico.) This entity was part of an eponymous viceroyalty, which joined with it the Spanish Caribbean islands, Central America as far south as Costa Rica, the area comprising today's southwestern United States, and the Philippines. Since Spaniards conquered areas with high civilizations and dense populations, which could provide the settlers with a sufficient labor source and a population to catechize, Spaniards in the sixteenth century tended not to develop the territories that had nomadic peoples, which were harder to conquer (and in fact, with the exception of the Amazon Basin, were not subdued until the nineteenth century). The Spanish did explore a good part of North America looking for more treasure-laden societies. These explorers claimed the land as was their practice, but finding no treasures or sedentary Indian tribes, they returned to the areas in Mexico, which had already been conquered. It was in the seventeenth century that a concerted effort was made to settle the northern frontier in what is now the United States.