hēi 'àn shí dài Greek Dark Ages  (qián1200nián～qián800nián)   zǒngcháodài: shǐ qián 'ōu zhōu

　　xī là hēi 'àn shí dài（ yuē qián 1200 nián zhì qián 800 nián） zhǐ de shì xī là lì shǐ zhōng cóng jiǎ shè zhōng de duō lì 'ān rén rù qīn jí mài xī ní wén míng miè wáng de gōng yuán qián shí yī shì jì zhí dào gōng yuán qián jiǔ shì jì zuì zǎo de xī là chéng bāng zhī jué qǐ； yǐ jí gōng yuán qián bā shì jì， hé mǎ shǐ shī děng zuì zǎo de xī là wén xiě zuò de chū xiàn。
　　
　　 mài xī ní wén míng de mòluò zài shí jiān shàng duì yìng yú shù gè jìn dōng dì guó de shuāi luò， tè bié shì hè tī hé 'āi jí wén míng de shuāi luò， qí yuán yīn kě néng wéi mǒu gè zhuāng bèi yòu tiě bīng qì de hǎi shàng mín zú de rù qīn。 dāng duō lì 'ān rén nán xià xī là de shí hòu， tā men yě zhuāng bèi yòu gèng wéi xiān jìn de tiě bīng qì， kě yǐ qīng yì dì jiāng yǐ rán shuāi ruò de mài xī ní rén zhú zǒu。 zhè zhī hòu de lì shǐ shí qī bèi tǒng chēng wéi xī là hēi 'àn shí dài。
　　
　　 kǎo gǔ xué xiǎn shì chū xī là shì jiè zài zhè yī shí qī zhōng wén míng de shuāi luò， mài xī ní rén xióng wěi de gōng diàn bèi cuī huǐ huò shì yí qì， xī là yǔ tíng zhǐ bèi shū xiě。 xī là hēi 'àn shí dài de táo qì zhǐ yòu jiǎn dān de jǐ hé zhuāng shì， quē fá mài xī ní qī jiān de qì jiàn suǒ zhǎn xiàn de fēng fù de tú 'àn shè jì。 hēi 'àn shí dài de xī là rén de jū zhù diǎn shù liàng xī shǎo， bìng qiě guī mó hěn xiǎo， kě néng shuō míng rén kǒu de jí jù jiǎn shǎo。 méi yòu fā xiàn chǎn zì guó wài de huò pǐn， kě néng biǎo shì guó jì mào yì de sàng shī。 tóng shí， yǔ qí tā wén míng de lián luò yě xiāo shī liǎo， dǎo zhì shè huì wén huà děng de quán miàn tíng zhì。
　　
　　 guàn chuān tǒng zhì zhè gè shí qī de guó wáng zuì hòu wéi guì zú tǒng zhì suǒ qǔ dài， zài yī xiē dì qū gèng wǎn dì chū xiàn liǎo guì zú tǒng zhì zhōng de guì zú tǒng zhì héng héng jīng yīng zhī jīng yīng。 zhàn zhēng de zhòng xīn cóng qí shì shēn shàng zhuànxiàng duì bù bīng de yǐ zhòng。 yóu yú qí dī lián de zào jià hé suí chù kě jí de biàn lì xìng， tiě qì qǔ dài liǎo tóngqìzuō wéi zhì zào gōng jù hé wǔ qì de shǒu xuǎn。 bù tóng jiē céng de rén men zhī jiān de chā yì zhú jiàn biàn xiǎo， cóng 'ér dǎo zhì liǎo wáng quán de diān fù hé shì zú de xīng qǐ。
　　
　　 shì zú kāi shǐ chóngxīn jiàn gòu tā men de lì shǐ， yǐ jiāng qí xuè mài lián xì dào tè luò yī zhàn zhēng de yīng xióng， tè bié shì hè lā kè lè sī shēn shàng。 suī rán qí zhōng jué dà duō shù chún shǔ chuán shuō， hè xī 'é dé xué pài de shī rén men hái shì zhěng lǐ chū liǎo yī bù fēn。 dà duō shù de shī piān yǐ jīng sàn yì， wǒ men zhǐ zhī dào yī xiē xiě gù shì de rén， bǐ rú mǐ lì dū de hè kǎ tài 'ào sī（ Hecataeus） yǐ jí 'ā 'ěr gē sī de 'ā xiū xī láo sī（ Acusilaus）。
　　
　　 rén men xiāng xìn hé mǎ shǐ shī zhōng hán yòu yī xiē hēi 'àn shí dài kǒu tóu chuán chéng xià lái de chuán tǒng， dàn shì hé mǎ zuò pǐn de lì shǐ zhēn shí xìng réng guǎng wéi zhēng lùn。
　　
　　 zài zhè gè shí qī de mò qī， níng zhì de wén míng zhòng mù yú guǎng bù shí là shì jiè de quán miàn fù xīng， dì yù yuǎn zhì hēi hǎi jí xī bān yá。 shū xiě xì tǒng cóng féi ní jī rén chù zhòng shí， hòu xiàng běi chuán bù zhì yì dà lì hé gāo lú。

　　The Greek Dark Ages and Greek Dark Age (ca. 1200 BC–800 BC) are terms which have regularly been used to refer to the period of Greek history from the presumed Dorian invasion and end of the Mycenaean Palatial civilization around 1200 BC, to the first signs of the Greek city-states in the 9th century BC. These terms are gradually going out of use, since the former lack of archaeological evidence in a period that was mute in its lack of inscriptions has been shown to be an accident of discovery rather than a fact of history.
　　
　　The archaeological evidence shows a widespread collapse of civilization in the eastern Mediterranean world during the same period, as the great palaces and cities of the Mycenaeans were destroyed or abandoned. Fewer and smaller settlement, suggest famine and depopulation. Around this time, the Hittite civilization suffered serious disruption and cities from Troy to Gaza were destroyed. In Greece the writing of the Greek language used by Mycenaean bureaucrats ceases. The decoration on Greek pottery after c 1100 BC lacks the figurative decoration of Mycenaean ware and is restricted to simpler, generally geometric styles. It was previously thought that all contact was lost between foreign powers during this period yielding little cultural progress or growth; however, artifacts from excavations at Lefkandi on the Lelantine Plain in Euboea show that significant cultural and trade links with the east, particularly the Levant coast, developed from c 900 BC onwards, and evidence has emerged of a migration of Hellenes to sub-Mycenaean Cyprus.