| yuē dàn Jordan shǒudōu:ān màn guógūdàimǎ: jo |
 约旦lì shǐ gǔ dài yuē dàn yuē dàn zuò wéi yī gè dú lì guó jiā de gēn yuán kě yǐ zhuī sù dào nà bā tè wáng guó， zhè shì yóu nà bā tài rén（ ā lā bó wén： الأنباط） jiàn lì de。 tā men kuān sōng de mào yì guǎn lǐ wǎng luò yǐ yī chuàn lǜ zhōu wéi zhōng xīn diǎn， dàn zhōng xīn diǎn méi yòu zú gòu fàn wéi zuò jí tǐ nóng yè， ér lǜ zhōu jiān de tōng lù zài huāng mò zhōu zāo háo wú fáng xiàn。 zài jīn tiān yuē dàn de guó tǔ shàng， rén lèi zài shù qiān nián qián jiù yǐ jīng jiàn lì liǎo gǔ lǎo de wén míng。 yuē dàn yuán shì bā lè sī tǎn de yī bù fēn。 xiān hòu bèi yà shù、 bā bǐ lún、 bō sī hé mǎ qí dùn tǒng zhì。 ７ shì jì shǔ 'ā lā bó dì guó bǎn tú。 １ ６ shì jì guī shǔ 'ào sī màn dì guó。 xiàn dài yuē dàn dì yī cì shì jiè dà zhàn hòu yuē dàn yóu yīng guó dài guó jì lián méng guǎn lǐ。 1921 nián， yīng guó yǐ yuē dàn hé wéi biān jiè， bǎ bā lè sī tǎn fēn wéi dōng xī liǎng bù fēn， xī bù réng chēng bā lè sī tǎn， dōng bù chēng wài yuē dàn。 yīng guó zài zhè lǐ shè lì liǎo yī gè bàn zì zhù de sū dàn guó， lì hàn zhì guó wáng hóu sài yīn cì zǐ 'ā bǔ dù lā yī shì wéi wài yuē dàn qiú cháng guó qiú cháng。 1946 nián 5 yuè 25 rì yuē dàn huò dé dú lì， ā bǔ dù lā dēng jī wéi wáng（ āi mǐ 'ěr）， guó míng wéi wài yuē dàn hā xī mǔ wáng guó。 1950 nián 4 yuè， yuē dàn hé xī 'àn hé dōng 'àn hé bìng chēng wéi yuē dàn hā xī mǔ wáng guó。 yuē dàn zhī chí bā lè sī tǎn rén fǎn duì jiàn lì yǐ sè liè。 tā cān jiā 'ā lā bó guó jiā lián hé duì yǐ sè liè de zhàn zhēng， zài 'ā lā bó guó jiā zhàn bài hòu， yuē dàn huò dé liǎo duì xī 'àn de kòng zhì。 1967 nián yuē dàn yòu yǔ 'āi jí、 xù lì yà hé yī lā kè yī qǐ duì yǐ zuò zhàn。 yǐ sè liè zhàn lǐng liǎo xī 'àn yǐ jí zhěng gè yé lù sǎ lěng。 zài liǎng cì zhàn zhēng hòu dōuyòu dà liàng bā lè sī tǎn nànmín táo dào yuē dàn。 zhè shǐ bā lè sī tǎn rén zài yuē dàn de shì lì dà wéi zēng jiā。 zhè gè shì lì de zēng jiā shǐ yuē dàn de wáng shì fēi cháng bù 'ān。 1970 nián， zài bā lè sī tǎn jiě fàng zǔ zhì duō cì jié jī hòu， yuē dàn kāi shǐ duì tā men kāi huǒ。 zhè chǎng zhàn dǒu yǐng xiǎng dào zhěng gè 'ā lā bó shè huì。 xù lì yà zài yuē dàn de běi bù biān jìng shàng jí zhōng tǎn kè bù duì yǐ duì yuē dàn shī jiā yā lì。 1970 nián 9 yuè 22 rì zài zài kāi luó de 'ā lā bó guó jiā wài jiāo bù cháng huì yì de tiáotíng xià shuāng fāng xī huǒ。 dàn cǐ hòu hái yī zhí yòu xiǎo de zhàn dǒu fā shēng。 yī zhí dào 1971 nián 7 yuè yuē dàn jiāng bā lè sī tǎn jiě fàng zǔ zhì zhú chū qí guó jìng。 zài 1973 nián de 'ā lā bó héng yǐ sè liè zhàn zhēng zhōng yuē yǐ biān jìng shàng méi yòu zhàn huǒ。 dàn yuē dàn pài chū yī gè lǚ de bīng lì jìn rù xù lì yà dǐ kàng nà lǐ de yǐ sè liè jūn duì。 yuē dàn méi yòu cān jiā 1991 nián de hǎi wān zhàn zhēng。 zhèng zhì yuē dàn dú lì hòu de dà duō shù shí jiān lǐ qí shǒu lǐng shì hóu sài yīn guó wáng。 yuē dàn dì chù yī gè zhèng zhì shàng fēi cháng bù wěn dìng de dì fāng， xǔ duō zhèng zhì lì liàng zài zhè lǐ zhú lù： měi guó、 sū lián、 yīng guó、 yǐ sè liè、 gè gè 'ā lā bó guó jiā yǐ jí yuē dàn běn guó nèi de yī gè shù liàng fēi cháng jù dà de bā lè sī tǎn yí mín。 zài zhè xiē zhèng zhì lì liàng hé xīng qù zhōng hóu sài yīn shì tú xún zhǎo yī tiáo kě xíng de lù， tā de zhèng cè bǎo zhàng liǎo yuē dàn de zhù quán hé tǒng yī。 suī rán zhōng dōng zài zhè xiē shí jiān lǐ jīng lì liǎo duō cì zhàn zhēng hé dòng dàng， yuē dàn jī běn shàng néng gòu bǎo chí shè huì wěn dìng。 hóu sài yīn běn rén shì duō cì cì shā de duì xiàng。 1989 nián tā huī fù liǎo yuē dàn de guó huì xuǎn jǔ， 1994 nián tā qiān shǔ liǎo yǔ yǐ sè liè de hé píng tiáo yuē。 xíng zhèng huàfēn yuē dàn fēn 'èr shí 'èr gè shěng。 měi yī gè shěng cháng shì yóu guó wáng rèn mìng de。 shěng rén kǒu (2008 tǒng jì ) shǒu fǔ rén kǒu ( chéng shì ,2008 tǒng jì ) ā jié lóng shěng 118,496 ā jié lóng 8,161 ān màn shěng 1,939,405 ān màn 1,135,733 yà kā bā shěng 107,115 yà kā bā 95,408 bài lè jiā shěng 349,580 sà lè tè 87,778 yī 'ěr bǐ dé shěng 950,700 yī 'ěr bǐ dé 650,000 jié lā shí shěng 156,680 jié lā shí 39,540 kǎ lā kè shěng 214,225 kǎ lā kè 22,580 mǎ 'ān shěng 103,920 mǎ 'ān 30,050 mǎ dài bā shěng 135,890 mǎ dài bā 83,180 mǎ fú lā kè shěng 245,670 mǎ fú lā kè 56,340 tǎ fěi lā shěng 81,000 tǎ fěi lā zhā 'ěr kǎ shěng 838,250 zhā 'ěr kǎ 447,880 měi yī gè shěng shì fēn chéng 52 gè jiē dào ("nahias"; ā lā bó yǔ： ناحية) de。 dì lǐ yuē dàn dà bù fēn dì qū shì shā mò。 xī bù shì gāo dì， bèi yà bā lín shān mài guàn chuān。 quán guó kě gēng dì zhǐ zhàn quán guó miàn jī de 4%。 zài yà kā bā wān yuē dàn yòu yī xiǎo duàn hǎi 'àn xiàn。 sǐ hǎi wèi yú yuē dàn de xī bù， shì qí yǔ yǐ sè liè de biān jìng de yī bù fēn。 jīng jì yuē dàn shì yī gè bǐ jiào xiǎo de 'ā lā bó guó jiā， quán guó quē shuǐ， yě méi yòu shí yóu zhī lèi de zì rán kuàng chǎn pǐn。 1991 nián de dì yī cì hǎi wān zhàn zhēng gěi yuē dàn de jīng jì dài lái liǎo jí dà de kùn nán。 yuē dàn bèi pò tíng zhǐ cháng hái tā de zhài wù。 yuē dàn guó nèi de dà pī bā lè sī tǎn nànmín、 qí tā hǎi wān guó jiā duì yuē dàn de zī zhù、 qí qù tā guó gōng zuò de gōng mín dū gěi yuē dàn de jīng jì dài lái liǎo jí dà de hùn luàn。 shǐ dé zhěng gè guó jiā de jīng jì fēi cháng bù wěn dìng hé fù zá。 ā bǔ dù lā 'èr shì guó wáng shì tú duì guó jiā jīng jì jìn xíng yòu xiàn de gǎi gé， qí zhōng bāo kuò jiāng yī xiē guó yíng qǐ yè sī yòu huà。 zhài wù、 pín kùn hé shī yè yǐ rán shì yuē dàn zuì dà de jīng jì kùn nán。 rén kǒu yuē dàn rén kǒu zhōng 98% shì 'ā lā bó rén。 92% xìn yǎng xùn ní pài mù sī lín jiào， 6% jī dū jiào。 36.6% de rén kǒu xiǎo yú 14 suì， 3.4% lǎo yú 64 suì。 rén kǒu zēngchánglǜ shì 2.89%。 yīng 'ér sǐ wáng shuài shì 1.961%。 qī wàng shòu mìng wéi 77.71 suì。 duì wài zhèng cè yuē dàn hé xī fāng yòu mìqiè de guān xì， yóu qí shì yīng guó hé měi guó。 hǎi wān zhàn zhēng shí， yīn wéi yuē dàn jì xù zhī chí yī lā kè， tā hé xī fāng de guān xì shāo wēi ruò huà， dàn shì dào xiàn zài wéi zhǐ， měi guó shì tí gōngjǐ yuē dàn yuán zhù zuì dà de guó jiā。 1994 nián， yuē dàn hé yǐ sè liè dá chéng liǎo hé píng xié yì， dào xiàn zài wéi zhǐ zài 'ā lā bó guó jiā zhōng zhǐ yòu tā hé 'āi jí tí chū yī xiàng hé píng xié yì。 yī lā kè zhàn zhēng shí， sà dá mǔ de zhèng fǔ bēng kuì yǐ hòu， yuē dàn bàn yǎn guān jiàn de juésè， duì yī lā kè de 'ān quán hé wěn dìng tí chū liǎo hěn dà de gòng xiàn。 During its history, Jordan has seen numerous civilizations, including such ancient eastern ones as the Canaanite and later other Semitic peoples such as the Edomites, and the Moabites. Other civilizations possessing political sovereignty and influence in Jordan were: Akkadian, Assyrian, Judean, Babylonian, and Persian empires. Jordan was for a time part of Pharaonic Egypt, the Hasmonean Dynasty of the Maccabees, and also spawned the native Nabatean civilization which left rich archaeological remains at Petra. Cultures from the west also left their mark, such as the Macedonian, Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman Turkish empires. Since the seventh century the area has been under Muslim and Arab cultures, with the exception of a brief period when the west of the area formed part of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem and a short time under British rule. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is a constitutional monarchy with representative government. The reigning monarch is the head of state, the chief executive and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The king exercises his executive authority through the prime ministers and the Council of Ministers, or cabinet. The cabinet, meanwhile, is responsible before the democratically elected House of Deputies which, along with the House of Notables (Senate), constitutes the legislative branch of the government. The judicial branch is an independent branch of the government. Jordan is a modern Arab nation with a predominantly middle class population that lacks the vast wealth of some of its neighbors. Jordan's population is 92% Sunni Muslim with a small Christian minority. Jordanian society is predominantly urbanized and very ethnically diverse. Jordan is classified as an emerging market by the CIA World Fact Book. Jordan is a pro-Western regime that has very close relations with the West especially with the United States, the United Kingdom and France. Jordan became a major non-NATO ally in 1996. Jordan is one of only two Arab nations, the other being Egypt, that has diplomatic relations with Israel. It is a founding member of the Arab League and the CAEU, a member of the OIC, the WTO, the AFESD, the Arab Parliament, the AIDMO, the AMF, the IMF, the International Criminal Court, the UNHRC, the GAFTA, the ESCWA, the ENP and the United Nations. Jordan is also currently undergoing close integration with the European Union and the Gulf Cooperation Council. Jordan expects to receive "advanced status" with the EU by 2011. |
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