wén lāi Brunei Darussalam shǒudōu:sī lǐ bā jiā wān shì guógūdàimǎ: bn |
wén lāi, quán míng wén lāi dá lǔ sà lán guó, yòu chēng wén lāi yī sī lán jiào jūn zhù guó( Jawi wén: برونيدارالسلام; mǎ lái yǔ: NegaraBruneiDarussalam; Negara mǎ lái wén wéi “ guó jiā ” ér Darussalam yì wéi“ hé píng zhī bāng”, yù yì jǐng tì, bìng qiú 'ān dìng。) shì gè shèng chǎn shí yóu de guó jiā, jīng jì zhuàng kuàng pō jiā, wèi yú pó luó zhōu běi 'àn, nán zhōng guó hǎi nán 'àn, yà zhōu dōng nán bù。 zhěng gè guó tǔ bèi mǎ lái xī yà suǒ fēn gē、 huán rào。
lì shǐ wén lāi cóng 8 shì jì kāi shǐ yòu rén dìng jū, zài zhōng guó táng cháo shǐ jí zhōng chēng“ pó lì”, yuán dài shǐ jí zhōng chēng“ bó ní”, míng dài shǐ jí zhōng chēng“ wén lāi”。 14 shì jì, wén lāi yī sī lán jiào jūn zhù guó cóng zhǎo wā de kòng zhì xià bǎi tuō chū lái, zài 14-16 shì jì yī dù fēi cháng qiáng dà, guó tǔ bāo kuò fěi lǜ bīn nán bù yǐ jí shā lā yuè hé shā bā。 ōu zhōu rén de yǐng xiǎng shǐ dé zhè yī zhèng quán zǒu shàng mò lù。 1888 nián wén lāi chéng wéi yīng guó de zhí mín dì。 1984 nián 1 yuè 1 rì, huò dé wán quán dú lì。 zhèng zhì wén lāi de sū dān, yán xí zì 14 shì jì yǐ lái xiāng tóng de wáng cháo, shì guó jiā hé zhèng fǔ de lǐng xiù。 quán bù lì fǎ yì yuán yóu sū dān rèn mìng, méi yòu mín xuǎn lì fǎ jī guān。 xiàn shí sū dān shì dì 29 shì, hā jí · hā sāng nà 'ěr · bó 'ěr jī yà, 1946 nián shēng yú wén lāi shì, wáng hòu nǎi qí biǎo mèi sà lā hè, qí fēi lái zì jí lóng pō, míng yà cí lì nà · mǎ cí hā, 2006 nián 6 yuè shēng xià xiǎo wáng zǐ。 tǒng zhì guó cè shì mǎ lái yī sī lán jūn zhù xiàn zhì( MelayuIslamBeraja,Jawi wén shì ملايإسلامبراج) sū dān huáng shì shì xì biǎo 1. sū dān mù hǎn mò dé shā( 1383 nián -1402 nián) محمد gǎi fèng yī sī lán jiào hòu dì 1 wèi jūn zhù 2. sū dān má nà rě jiā nà( 1402 nián -1408 nián) bù jiàn yú dāng dì shǐ jí, dàn zài zhōng guó shǐ jí zhōng yòu jìzǎi 3. sū dān 'ā hā mò dé( 1408 nián -1425 nián) احمد 4. sū dān shā lǐ fū · ā lǐ( 1425 nián -1432 nián) شريفعلي wén lāi quán shèng shí qī, jīn rì wén lāi guó qí biāo zhì, qǐ yuán yú cǐ jūn。 5. sū dān sū lāi wén( 1432-1485) سليمان 6. sū dān bó 'ěr jī yà( 1485-1524) باقية 7. sū dān 'ā bù jiā hā( 1524-1530) 8. sū dān sài 'ěr fū lǐ jiǎ( 1533-1581) 9. sū dān shā wén lāi( 1581-1582) شاهبروني 10. sū dān mù hǎn mò dé hā shān( 1582-1598) محمدحيسن 11. sū dān 'ā dū jiǎ lǐ lǔ 'ā bā( 1598-1659) 12. sū dān 'ā dū jiǎ lǐ lǔ jiǎ bā( 1659-1660) 13. sū dān hā zhǐ mù hǎn mò dé 'ā lǐ( 1660-1661) céng wǎng mài jiā cháo shèng , dài zǐ 'ér sǐ, shòu hòu rén zhuī sòng。 حاجمحمدعلي 14. sū dān 'ā dū hè gǔ 'ěr mù bīn( 1661-1673) zài wèi qī jiān fā shēng nèi zhàn (PerangSaudara) 15. sū dān mǔ 'ěr tīng( 1673-1690) 16. sū dān nà sù lǔ tīng( 1690-1710) 17. sū dān hú xiān kǎ mǎ lǔ tīng( 1710-1730)(1737-1740) 18. sū dān mù hǎn mò dé 'ā liú tīng( 1730-1737) محمدعلاءالدين 19. sū dān 'ào mǎ 'ā lǐ sài yì fū tīng yī shì( 1740-1795) 20. sū dān mù hǎn mò dé dān zǔ tīng( 1795-1804)(1804-1807) 21. sū dān mù hǎn mò dé jiǎ lǐ lǔ 'ā lán yī shì( 1804) 22. sū dān mù hǎn mò dé gēn zǔ 'ā lán( 1807-1826) 23. sū dān mù hǎn mò dé 'ā lán( 1826-1828) محمدعالم 24. sū dān 'ào mǎ 'ā lǐ sài yì fū tīng 'èr shì( 1828-1852) fā shēng wén lāi zhī biàn 25. sū dān 'ā dū mǔ mén( 1852-1885) 26.SultanHashimJalilulAlamAqamaddin(1885-1906) wén lāi bèi liè rù wéi yīng guó bǎo hù guó( ZamanSistemResiden), qí shí biàn xiāng shì yīng guó zhí mín dì, zhǐ shì xíng tài shàng bù tóng yú yī bān zhí mín dì 'ér yǐ。 27. sū dān mù hǎn mò dé jiǎ lǐ lǔ 'ā lán 'èr shì( 1906 nián -1924 nián) 28. sū dān 'ā hā mò dé dān zǔ tīng( 1924 nián -1950 nián) 29. sū dān 'ào mǎ 'ā lǐ sài 'ěr fū tīng sān shì( 1950 nián -1967 nián) wéi rén hé 'ǎi kě qīn, yóu yǐ xǐ 'ài wén xué zhù míng。 1959 nián chuán chū wén lāi jiāng huò dú lì, ào mǎ 'ā lǐ sài 'ěr fū tīng sān shì yǔ yīng guó qiān dìng liǎo wén lāi zhèng tú qù xiàng de xié yì。 zài wèi qī jiān yòu jī jí fā zhǎn dāng dì jīng jì, jīn rì wén lāi zhī suǒ yǐ yòu cǐ chéng jiù, dé yì yú tā, gù tā yì yòu wén lāi xiàn dài huà jiàn zhù shī zhī měi yù( ArsitekturModenBrunei) zài wèi hòu qī fā shēng wén lāi pàn luàn( PemerontakanRaykatBrunei), shǒu dū wén lāi shì (BandarBrunei, jí jīn zhī BandarSeriBegawan) wèiguó jiā zhèng tú wèn tí fā shēng pàn luàn。 bù jiǔ píng xī, ā zhā hā lǐ liú wáng。 1967 nián tā tuì wèi ràng yú qí zhǎngzǐ -- hā shān nà bó 'ěr jī yà。 1986 nián jià bēng。 30. sū dān hā jí · hā sāng nà 'ěr · bó 'ěr jī yà( 1967 nián - zhì jīn) ( yóu JACKYLI biān ji ) wén lāi guó gē -- zhēn zhù bǎo yòu sū dān YaAllahlanjutkanlahUsia KebawahDuliYangMahaMulia Adilberdaulatmenaunginusa Memimpinrakyatkekalbahagia HidupsentosaNegaradanSultan IlahiselamatkanBruneiDarussalam xíng zhèng qū yù wén lāi guó nèi gòng fēn wéi sì gè shěng( daerah): mǎ lái yì( Belait): wén lāi jìng nèi zuì dà de shěng fēn, miàn jī 2724km², rén kǒu 55602。 wén lāi mó lā( Brunei-Muara): wén lāi zuì xiǎo de shěng fēn, dàn shì shǒu dū sī lǐ bā jiā wān shì( BandarSeriBegawan) wèi yú cǐ shěng jìng nèi, miàn jī 571km², rén kǒu 230030。 dū dōng( Tutong), miàn jī 1166km², rén kǒu 38649。 dàn wū lóng( Temburong): yǔ wén lāi běn tǔ gé zhe wén lāi wān xiāng wàng de gū lì fēi dì shěng fēn, miàn jī 1304km², rén kǒu 8563。 jīng jì yuán yóu hé tiān rán qì shì guó jiā de zhù yào zhī zhù, zǒng chǎn zhí jīhū zhàn zhěng gè guó jiā guó nèi shēng chǎn zǒng zhí de yī bàn。 zài dōng nán yà, shí yóu chǔ liàng hé chǎn liàng jǐn cì yú yìn dù ní xī yà, jū dì 'èr wèi。 wén lāi shì shì jiè shàng zuì fù yòu de guó jiā zhī yī。 2005 nián wén lāi rén jūn GDP wéi 15,964 měi yuán, guó mín wú xū jiǎo jiāo gè rén suǒ dé shuì。 zōng jiào wén lāi guó jiào wéi yī sī lán jiào, sū dān shì wén lāi yī sī lán jiào de lǐng xiù。 yī sī lán jiào tú zhàn rén kǒu de 63 %, fó jiào zhàn 12%, jī dū jiào zhàn 9%。 rén kǒu yuē sān fēn zhī 'èr wéi mǎ lái rén, zuì zhòng yào de shǎo shù mín zú shì huá rén, yuē zhàn rén kǒu 15%。 guān fāng yǔ yán shì mǎ lái yǔ, yě shǐ yòng huá yǔ hé yīng yǔ。 wén huà fǎ dìng jié jiǎ rì yǔ chuán tǒng jié rì rì qī míng chēng 1 yuè 1 rì xīn nián (TahunBaru) nóng lì zhēngyuè chū yī nóng lì xīn nián TahunBaruCina bù dìng dēng xiāo jié LaylatIsraDanMi'Raj 2 yuè 23 rì guó qìng rì( HariKebangsaan) bù dìng zhāi jiè dì yī tiān( Ramadhan) رمضان huí lì 9 yuè bù dìng gǔ lán jīng qǐ shì jì niàn rì (LaylatNuzulAlQuran) bù dìng ròu zī jié( HariRayaPuasa/Aidilfitri)عيدالفطر huí lì 10 yuè 1 rì 5 yuè 31 rì wén lāi huáng jiā jūn duì jié bù dìng hā zhī jié( HariRayaHaji/Aidiladha) عيدالاضى bù dìng FirstDayofHijrah(AwalMuharramمحرم) 7 yuè 15 rì sū dān huá dàn HariKeputeraanSultan bù dìng xiān zhī mù hǎn mò dé dàn chén( MauludNabiMuhammadSAW) huí lì 3 yuè 12 rì 12 yuè 25 rì shèng dàn jié HariKrismas lǐng tǔ chōng tū mù qián zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó shí jì kòng zhì zhe céng mǔ 'àn shā, ér zhōng huá mín guó hé zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó yǐ jí wén lāi zhèng fǔ jūn xuān chēng yōng yòu qí zhù quán。 xiáng jiàn nán hǎi zhū dǎo。 Brunei regained its independence from the United Kingdom on 1 January 1984 and is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. During the early 20th century, the Southeast Asian nation experienced an economic boom and underwent rapid development. Economic growth during the 1970s and 1990s, averaging 56% from 1999 to 2008, has transformed Brunei Darussalam into a newly industrialised country. Brunei has one of the world's fastest growing Gross Domestic Product at Purchasing Power Parity. Brunei has the second highest Human Development Index among the South East Asia nations, after Singapore, and is classified as a Developed Country. Islam is the official religion.In this small Islamic state respect for religious liberty has been falling. The State Department reports that “non-Muslims were prohibited from receiving religious education in private religious schools, which had previously been allowed.” Moreover, “across denominational lines, non-Muslim religious leaders stated that they were subjected to undue influence and duress, and some were threatened with fines and/or imprisonment. Active monitoring of churches and disruption of supply shipments and mail were reported.” The authorities also limited the use of literature and worship places by religious minorities |
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