群星荟萃 》 我的父親 My father 》
我的父親 My father
馬東 Ma Dong
My father
——談馬季
·馬東·
十月底打電話回北京傢裏，聽說我父親可能十二月隨一個演出團來澳訪問演出，我心裏掠過一陣慌張的興奮，滿以為肯定能在澳洲見他一面了。直到最近幾天又聽說這事觸礁了，正琢磨着“好事多磨”這詞兒安慰自己的時候，《華聯時報》的一位編輯先生來電話，死活讓我寫一篇關於我父親的東西。我答應了，可是心裏清楚這不是好寫的文字。中國古來就有避諱的傳統，唐朝鬼纔詩人李賀為避“晉肅”的父諱，連“進士”都不敢去考。今人雖不至如此，但對於兒子來說，完全客觀地評價父親，始終不是件容易的事。
我父親馬季，原名馬樹槐，一九三三年生於北京，三十五歲和我母親結婚，一九六八年底我出生在哈爾濱。
生我時父親正在挨鬥，母親衹能回姥姥傢去生我。我六十天時，被母親用十幾層氈毯被褥包着到了北京。父親乍見之下，驚為龐然大物。後來剝繭抽絲，層層破譯，我圖窮匕見時，他對我的第一句評價是：“怎麽就棗核兒那麽大！”不久後，他去東北嫩江幹校了。母親因為是部隊的文藝兵，隨隊演出也是四處走，我衹能寄養在別人傢裏，直到兩歲多。再見到父親時我已經會叫人了，但特別“怵窩子”，躲在別人腿後面叫了他一聲“叔叔”。等我長大了聽人說，我那聲“叔叔”差點兒把他的眼淚叫下來。我半信半疑，也沒問——沒敢問。
我雖然是獨子，可是童年跟父親在一起的日子並不多。在我的印象中，他一年裏總要有十個月在外地，逢年過節不在傢更是經常的事。傢裏的人都習慣了，他自己也樂此不疲，因為到外地演出、寫作、深入生活等等就是他的事業，他的樂趣。
父親從小傢境並不好。祖父早逝，兄弟姐妹四人的生活全靠奶奶一人支撐，不得已大伯和我父親讀完“高小”就出去當學徒。大伯去了天津，其後娶妻生子，就在天津“紮根兒”了。父親到上海一去五年，學徒雖沒有學到什麽，但是他獨立的生活從那時就開始了。回到北京正值解放，他重入學校，讀完了初中。一九五一年，他考進了北京市新華書店，先後在王府井，海澱等多個分店工作。也就是從那時開始，他在文藝方面的天賦逐漸顯露在業餘生活中。
相聲當時剛剛從天橋的酒館茶棚中走進正規的劇場，舊時代的藝人們也經過政府的“整編”結束了長期不穩定的賣藝生涯。其中的佼佼者如白鳳鳴先生、侯寶林先生、劉寶瑞先生、郭啓儒先生、郭全寶先生等都進了廣播文工團說唱團。文工團是隸屬於當時的中央廣播事業局，是以供應電臺的廣播節目為主要工作的。相聲作為一種北方傳統的麯藝形式從難登大雅之堂一躍而通過廣播嚮全國播放，其中重新整理傳統節目、去糟粕、取精華的工作是很繁重的。前述的幾位藝術大師在這方面起了很關鍵的作用，使相聲作為老少咸宜，喜聞樂見的娛樂節目，在全國範圍內迅速普及開了。
我不能確定是受這種普及的影響，還是以前父親就“鐘情”於相聲，但他在這方面的天賦是無可否認的。在新華書店工作之餘，他開始了相聲寫作和表演的嘗試。一九五六年的全國業餘文藝調演對於父親的一生是一個重要的轉折點。他在那次調演中獲得了一等奬，同時他的才華也被許多行傢發現，其中最主要的是已故相聲表演藝術大師侯寶林先生。侯先生的盛贊和收徒的願望，為父親進入廣播說唱團這個麯藝界第一流的專業團體鋪平了道路。但是據父親說，他在當時是有選擇餘地的。同時招他的還有煤礦文工團，而父親較傾嚮於後者，原因是煤礦文工團都是年輕人，有朝氣，相比之下廣播說唱團都是些老藝人，江湖氣濃。對於一個二十二歲的人來說，有此想法是很自然的事。但他如果真地進了“煤礦”，也許就沒有後來的馬季了。
進了廣播說唱團，一切完全不一樣了。相聲象許多中國傳統的藝術形式一樣，沒有固定的教授方法，很多傳統節目根本沒有底稿和錄音，完全是靠師傅口授加上學生自己的理解和表演中的經驗積纍，逐步摸索出來的。也正是這種方法，纔使很多節目經過幾代人的推敲和完善，千錘百煉，成為真正的精品。想學會這種段子，就衹有嚮掌握作品的前輩悉心求教。父親在這方面就天時（四九年解放在一定程序上打破了傳統的師承觀念和門戶界限）、地利（能就近求教於如此多的前輩名傢）、人和（父親自身的素質和勤奮）之便，事業上突飛猛進。
行文至此，我想起了一個經常被人問到的問題：
“你父親到底是不是侯寶林先生的徒弟？”
“當然是！”除去知遇之恩不說，從侯先生的藝術思想到作品的繼承、從侯派相聲清新、高雅的舞臺風格的因循、從父親作為四九年後新一代相聲演員承上啓下的位置、和從北方相聲流派的傳承脈絡來看，我父親毫無疑問是侯先生的嫡傳弟子。
天才很多時候需要通過勤奮來體現，我父親在他的事業上是一個勤奮的天才。當時我傢住在西城馬相鬍同，說唱團就在石碑鬍同，兩地相距不到一公裏，騎自行車就幾分鐘的路，可是父親在團裏排練和搞創作，經常幾個月纔回一趟傢，落了奶奶很多埋怨。經過幾年的學習和實踐，父親打下了很好的基礎。對於傳統節目的熟悉，對於說、學、逗、唱四門基本功的掌握，對於觸類旁通的其他麯藝形式的瞭解，他在同一代人中都是首屈一指的。
如果把五十年代看作新舊相聲的分水嶺，那麽新相聲最大的特點是作品的創作。父親在掌握傳統的表演技巧後，大膽地將這些技巧加進了他自己的創作中。據我所知，父親的處女作應該是一個叫“打籃球”的相聲，即使用今天的眼光來看，作為處女作“打籃球”也是很成功的。其後一九五八年他寫的“英雄小八路”、五九年的“找舅舅”、六一年的“登山英雄贊”、六三年的“畫像”、六四年的“三比零”，就象一個個腳印，標志了他成功的道路。這些相聲經電臺播出後風行一時，膾炙人口，馬季的名字也變得傢喻戶曉。與此同時，父親自己的風格也逐漸確立，他主張相聲諷刺與歌頌並舉，創立了歌頌型相聲的美學原則，這一突破為相聲的進步和發展貢獻良多。老捨先生一九六一年發表在《人民日報》上的“健康與笑聲”中曾預言：以他（指父親）的才力，若能不斷提高思想文化，他的成就是未可限量的。
假如沒有“文化大革命”，中國的歷史會改寫，許多中國人的命運會不一樣。但假設歷史是荒唐的。“文革”畢竟改變了那一代人的命運，我父親也不例外。市井中流傳着一種說法，說我父親在“文革”中是造反派，這說法不知源於何人，起自何時，卻是百分之百的謬誤。“文革”六六年開始時，全國各單位都在成立“革命委員會”，最初的組成也是各單位的領導人物。我父親當時是業務尖子，被委以副主任之職，他還沒有完全搞清楚這“副主任”管什麽事的時候，就颳起了打擊劉少奇反動路綫的風。這時候說唱團纔出現了真正的造反派，我父親象許多在位者一樣，成了理所當然的打擊目標，被冠以“反革命修正主義分子”、“白專道路的代言人”的帽子。但是這比起其後的大批鬥還算是“和風細雨”。我母親就是在這時候經人介紹認識我父親的。當介紹人嚮我母親提起馬季的時候，母親憑聽廣播得來的印象問：“那不是老頭子嗎？”
他們的第一次約會是父親帶母親去看批判他的大字報。在當時文工團的所在地——粉樓，大字報鋪天蓋地，給母親留下很深印象。我後來一直認為父親這招很高明，一種絶妙的浪漫，一種“是真名士自風流”的浪漫。
從他們結婚到生我，父親都是在被批鬥中渡過的。母親抱着那個“特大號”的我從哈爾濱回到北京，父親想請一天假到車站接我們，結果衹被批準半天，下午他依舊回單位接受“幫助”。很多人以為“文革”時噴氣式的批鬥大會不會被用在我父親這個年齡的一代人身上，在這一點上，父親可能是個例外。除了他個人的專場批鬥會外，他也常“榮幸”地被“邀請”在別人的批鬥會上出席陪綁。他後來也常說他的第一場“專場晚會”是在文革中而非以後的一九八八年。
我父親一共去過兩個幹校，第一個是在黑竜江省嫩江地區，後因林彪一號文件，全部撤回關內，重設在河南淮陽地區。當時中直機關的幹校農場都在那一帶，史稱“關內第一大場”。相聲是“四舊”，不許說，很多和他一起去幹校的演員都以為這輩子再也幹不了本行了。可是父親相信總有一天相聲能回到舞臺上。七三年從河南回到北京，他立即開始繼續他的創作。那時的環境可想而知，凡文藝作品必須以“三突出”為原則。父親在文革中的第一個作品“友誼頌”，寫成之後修改了七個月，勉強通過了上面的審查，但電臺還是不敢播，因為文革以來從沒有播過相聲。一個極偶然的機會，八一電影製片廠拍攝“五一”的紀錄片，其中攝取了七分鐘“友誼頌”的片段，姚文元在審片時衹說：可以吧。紀錄片放了，電臺的人才敢在廣播中放錄音。父親的三個作品“友誼頌”、“山鷹”、“海燕”是文革中僅有的相聲，也是那個年代僅有的笑聲，直到今天，還有不知就裏的年輕人認為相聲是從“友誼頌”以後纔有的。
隨着“四人幫”的倒臺，相聲在全國範圍內掀起了一個高潮，“舞臺風雷”、“新桃花源記”等都是觀衆耳熟能詳的段子。一九七七年在人民大會堂的國宴上，葉聖陶老人興衝衝地端着酒杯走到我父親桌前祝酒，連聲誇贊“新桃花源記”：“馬季呀，相聲就是要寫這樣的。好！有知識，有意思！來，祝你成功！……”電視進入每一個家庭，對於公衆人物的形象深入人心起了至關重要的作用。而這段時間也正是我父親在他事業上走嚮完全成熟的時期。八十年代以來他佳作紛呈，舞臺表演也漸入爐火純青之境。八三年開始的春節晚會尤其令人印象深刻，八五年全國十大笑星評選中他名列榜首，八八年為紀念他舞臺生活卅年而舉辦了“馬季相聲作品演出會”，在全國進行巡回演出，盛況空前。九十年代他的十幾名弟子在蘇州舉行“謝師會”，在文藝界傳為佳話。
妙語如濤動遐邇
三分入木寓歡嘩
燃犀燭怪長瘐筆
煉石補天學女媧
這是著名畫傢範曾題贈我父親的一首詩。卅五年來，我父親創作大小三百多個相聲作品，門人弟子中有薑昆、趙炎、馮鞏、劉偉、黃宏……活躍在各種舞臺上。他自己則依然在不斷的創新中，他的藝術生涯還沒有畫上句號。
公衆人物的意思往往是被公衆關心和議論的人物，舞臺上的父親帶給觀衆笑聲，生活中的他卻經常遇上煩惱。他每次出門總是被路人認出，認出後就是“中國特色”的圍觀。其實所有人都是出於好奇和喜歡——這馬季到底和電視上長得一樣不一樣？但誰也不想這些“好心”都集中在一個人身上時，就夠他受的了。我來澳洲前幾天，父親想帶我去西單買衣服，車停在鬍同裏，他剛出鬍同沒有十米就讓人圍起來了，東西沒買成，回到車裏他對我說這是他十五年來第一次來西單。我們傢就更甭提了，衹要父親在傢，就總是人流不斷，從早上十點到晚上十二點。其中有朋友、同行、他的學生、同事、認識的、不認識的，什麽人都有，還有很多是從外地來北京找父親學相聲的。就連廣播電視部門口站崗值勤的武警都知道我們傢地址。一有人找馬季，立刻往我們傢趕，中飯晚飯常常是一大桌人。說起這些，我就覺得我母親很了不起，她是中國唱片公司的音樂編輯，兼顧自己事業的同時，還得幫父親料理裏裏外外。另外就是社會上流傳的各種流言蜚語，今天馬季倒賣黃金了，明天走私讓人抓起來了……開始的時候，傢裏人還真着急，時間一長全都見怪不怪了。也許這些都是名人的代價。
很多人問我：“你有沒有跟你爸爸學說相聲？”我回答說：“沒有。”的確沒有。父母從小就不讓我往這圈子裏進，也壓根兒沒想讓我幹這行。可是生活在這樣的家庭裏，耳濡目染的，多少受了些薫陶。馮鞏以前對我說：你早晚得幹這行。會否被他不幸而言中呢？衹有天知道。
中國古語說：父母在，不遠遊。我不是個孝子，作為獨生子不能陪在父母身邊。七年前我衹身來澳，臨行前夜，父親給我講了他十三歲去上海學徒的經歷作為臨別贈言。我理解他的良苦用心。七年來我在澳洲一事無成，每思及此，終有愧為人子之感。
寒夜將盡，東方既白。無論父親這次來澳能否成行，相信我不久就可以見到他了。□摘自澳大利亞《華聯時報》
徐名揚供稿
- On the Season
* Ma Dong
My father racing season, formerly known as Ma Shuhuai, born in Beijing in 1933, thirty-year-old and my mother married, the end of 1968 I was born in Harbin.
Although I was an only child, was my childhood days together with his father not many. In my mind, he always has ten months of the year in the field, not at home on holidays is often a matter. People are accustomed to at home, he happily, as to the field performances, writing, depth of life, and so is his career, he's fun.
Small family my father is not good. Grandfather died young, depends entirely on the lives of four brothers and sisters, one grandmother support, uncle and my father was forced to read "upper primary" to go out as an apprentice. Uncle went to Tianjin, then get married and have children, in Tianjin, "root children" of the. Father went to Shanghai for a five-year, apprentices, although not learn anything, but since then his independent life begins. Back to Beijing coincided with the liberation, he re-enter school, finished junior high school. 1951, he was admitted to the Beijing Xinhua Bookstore, has in Wangfujing, Haidian, and other outlets work. That is, since then, his literary talent for gradually emerged in the amateur life.
Drafting this point, I thought often been asked a question:
"Your father is not Mr. Hou Baolin in the end the apprentice?"
"Of course!" Remove helping his career did not say, from Hou's works of art thought to inherit, from the comic Hou send fresh, elegant style, follow the stage, as in 2049 from his father after the location of a new generation of comic actors nexus , and the comic genre from the heritage context of the north point of view, there is no doubt my father's heir to Mr. Hou.
Genius often need to be embodied through hard work, my father in his career is a hard-working talent. At that time I lived in West Side alley Ma, rap groups in stone alley, two less than a kilometer away, the road bike for a few minutes, but the father in the regiment, and Gao Chuangzuo rehearsal, only a few months back to visit often home, down a grandmother many complain. After several years of study and practice, his father laid a good foundation. Familiar with the traditional program, for that, science, funny, singing four basic skills of the master, for the analogy of other folk art forms of understanding, he in the same generation are second to none.
If the fifties as a watershed in the old and new comic, the new feature is the greatest comic works of creation. Father in control of the traditional performing skills, the bold will add these skills into his own creation. As far as I know, the father's debut should be called "playing basketball" cross-talk, using today's point of view, as a debut, "playing basketball" is also very successful. Subsequently in 1958 he wrote "Hero Little Eight", 2059's "looking for uncle," 2061's "climbing like a hero," 2063's "Portrait", 2064's "three to zero ", as one step, marking his path to success. The comic was broadcast through the radio became popular, famous, racing season has become a household name. At the same time, the father gradually established his own style, his comic irony and praise both advocated the creation of a song type of comic's aesthetic principles, the breakthrough for the cross talk contribution to the progress and development. Lao She in 1961 published in the "People's Daily" on the "health and laughter" had predicted: in him (father) wit, if we can constantly improve the ideological and cultural achievements are yet to know his limits .
If there is no "Cultural Revolution", China's history will be rewritten and the fate of many Chinese people would be different. But suppose history is absurd. "Cultural Revolution", after all, has changed the fate of his generation, my father is no exception. Marketplace in circulating a statement saying that my father in the "Cultural Revolution" is a rebel, I do not know from whom this argument, starting from the time, but it is one hundred percent false. "Cultural Revolution" began in 2066 when the units are _set_ up across the country, "Revolutionary Committee", is composed of the first leaders of various units. My father was the business elite, was appointed to the post of deputy director, he has not completely clear about this, "deputy director of the" control what, when, on the blowing wind against Liu Shaoqi reactionary line. It only appeared when the rap group the real rebel, like my father, like many incumbents, has become natural targets, known as the "counter-revolutionary revisionist elements", "white road special advocate" hat. But this criticism fairly large compared to later be "sweetness and light." My mother was at this time was introduced to my father. When the referrals brought to the racing season, when my mother, my mother obtained the impression that by listening to the radio asked: "Is not that old man do?"
Their first date is the critical father took his mother to see poster. Backstage at the time the location - Powder House, posters overwhelming for my mother left a deep impression. I always thought my father was very clear this mode, a wonderful romantic, a "true celebrities from the romantic" romantic.
I am married to the students from their father were spent in political campaigns in the. Mother holding that "large number" I returned to Beijing from Harbin, the father want the day off to the station to meet us, only to be approved by a half-day afternoon, back to his unit is still receiving "help." Many people think that the "Cultural Revolution" when the jet's political campaigns, the Assembly will not be used in this age of my father's generation who, at this point, the father may be an exception. In addition to his own special struggle sessions, he often "honored" to be "invited" to attend the meeting in someone else's criticism tied to accompany. He was often said that his first "special evening" is not in the Cultural Revolution after 1988.
My father visited a total of two cadre school, the first region in the Nen River in Heilongjiang province, after the first document by Lin Biao, withdraw customs, re-located in the Henan Huaiyang area. At that time the organs of the cadre school farms in that area, known as "the first big off the field." Crosstalk is the "four olds", not allowed to say, many go with him cadre of actors that the Bank can not do in this life no longer has. However, crosstalk can believe that one day his father returned to the stage. Returned to Beijing from Henan in 2073, he immediately began to continue his writing. At that time the environment can be imagined, where literary and artistic works must be "three prominent" principle. Father during the Cultural Revolution in the first work, "Friendship Song", written seven months after the change, barely passed the above review, but the radio is not broadcast, because broadcast during the Cultural Revolution has never been cross talk. A great chance, August First Film Studio film "May Day" documentary, in which the intake of seven minutes, "Friendship Song" clip, Yao Wen-yuan said in the review films only: to it. Put documentary, radio talent dare put on the radio recording. Three works of his father's "Friendship Song", "Mountain Eagle", "Swallow" is the only comic in the Cultural Revolution, is the only laugh that era, until today, I do not know to young people in there that the crosstalk is "Friendship Song" only after the.
With the "Gang of Four" in the fall, comic dialogue in the country _set_ off a climax, "the stage wind and thunder," "New Peach Blossom Spring", which are well known piece is the audience. 1977's state dinner in the Great Hall, tao old excitedly came up to me carrying his father at the table toasting glasses, repeatedly praise the "New Peach Blossom Spring": "Yeah racing season, is to write this comic. Good ! have the knowledge, fun! to, I wish you success! ... ... "TV into every family enjoys popular support for the image of public figures played a crucial role. And this time is what my father in his career to fully mature period. His excellent work since the eighties scene, the stage reached a pinnacle of performance is also getting into the environment. 2083 Spring Festival Party started particularly impressive, in 2085, he _select_ed the top ten comedians topped the list in 2088 to commemorate his life of thirty years and held the stage "racing season comic work will be performed" in the carried out nationwide tour, unprecedented. Nineties a dozen of his disciples held in Suzhou, "Xie Society" in literary and art circles for the elephants.
If oscillation is well wit
Two-thirds into the Muyuhuanhua
Burning candle strange Changyu rhino pen
Nu Wa Shi Lian Sky Science
This is the famous painter Van has inscribed a poem by my father. Thirty five years, the size of my father three hundred comic creation works, his disciples in Jiang Kun, Zhao Yan, Feng Gong, Liu, Andrew ... ... active in a variety of stage. He himself remained in constant innovation, his artistic career has not ends.
The meaning of public figures often are the characters of public concern and debate, the father of the stage the audience laughter, the life he has often encountered trouble. Every time he always travels by passersby out, after recognizing that "Chinese characteristics" of the onlookers. In fact, everyone is out of curiosity and love - this racing season in the end and not the same as on TV look? But who do not want these "good intentions" are concentrated in one person when his subject was enough. I came to Australia a few days ago, my father wanted to take me to the Xidan shopping for clothes, cars parked in the alley, he just left lane is not ten meters on the people around them, and things did not buy into, back in the car he said to me that was his first time in fifteen years to Xidan. Not to mention our family even more, as long as my father at home, will always crowded with people, from ten in the morning to midnight. Including friends, colleagues, his students, colleagues, know, do not know, what people have, there are many to Beijing to find her father from the field study of comic dialogue. Even the mouth of radio and television department of the armed police guard on duty all know our home address. Some people looking for a racing season, and immediately rush to our house, dinner, lunch is often a large table of people. Speaking of which, I think my mother was great, she is the record company's music editor, taking into account their own careers at the same time, had to help my father cooking inside and out. The other is the various rumors circulating in society today, reselling gold racing season, and smuggling of people to catch up tomorrow ... ... the beginning, the family really anxious, over time all flattering. Perhaps these are the celebrity price.
Many people have asked me: "Do you have cross talk with your dad doctrine?" I replied: "no." Indeed not. Parents would not let me into this small circle of progress, it simply did let me do this line of thought. But living in such families, monasteries, and the number of Shou Lexie edified. Feng Gong ago said to me: sooner or later you have to do this trip. Unfortunately, he will be concerned as well? Only God knows.
Chinese proverb says: parents, do not travel to distant lands. I am not a dutiful son, as the only child can not stay with her parents. Seven years ago I come to Australia alone, the eve of his departure, my father told me he was thirteen years old to go to Shanghai as the parting words the experience of apprenticeship. I understand his care and thought. I have nothing in Australia seven years, each thinking of this, the final sub-human feeling guilty.
Cold night will do, East Dawning. Regardless of whether the father had come to Australia trip, I believe I can see him soon. □ From Australia "Hualian Times"
Xu famous Feeds
请欣赏:
请给我换一个看看！ 拜托，快把噪音停掉！我读累了，想听点音乐或者请来支歌曲！
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