短篇小说 》 农民 Farmer 》
农民 Farmer
契诃夫 Anton Chekhov
Farmer
一
莫斯科一家旅馆“斯拉夫商场”的一名跑堂尼古拉·奇基利杰耶夫得病了。他的下肢麻木，行走困难，结果有一天，他在过道里绊了一下，连同托盘上的火腿烧豌豆一起摔倒了。他只得辞去职务。他去求医，花光了自己和妻子的积蓄，已经难以维持生计，再说没有事做实在无聊，于是他拿定主意不如回到乡下老家去。在家里不只养病方便些，生活费用也会省得多。难怪俗话说：“在家千日好，出门一时难”呢。
他们是在傍晚时分回到故乡茹科沃村的。在他儿时的记忆中，自己的家总是那么明亮、舒适、方便，可是现在，当他跨进家门，他简直吓了一跳：木屋里又暗又挤又脏。跟他一道回来的妻子奥莉加和女儿萨莎望着炉子惊呆了：炉子大得几乎占去半间屋，让煤烟和苍蝇弄得黑糊糊的。有多少苍蝇啊！炉子歪了，四壁的原木倾斜了，看上去小木屋随时都会塌下来。在前面墙角放圣像的地方，旁边贴满了瓶子上的商标和剪下来的报纸－－这些权当画片。穷啊，穷啊！大人都不在家，都去收割庄稼了。炉台上坐着一个六八岁的小姑娘，淡黄头发，没有梳洗，表情冷淡。她甚至没有瞧一眼进来的人。炉台下一只白猫在炉叉上蹭背。
“咪咪，咪咪”萨莎唤它，“咪咪！”
“我们家的猫听不见，”小姑娘说，“它聋了。”
“怎么会呢？”
“就是聋了。挨打了。”
尼古拉和奥莉加看一眼就明白这里的生活怎么样，但谁也没有向对方说出来。他们默默地放下包裹，又默默地走到街上。他们的房子是村头第三家，看样子是最穷困、最破旧的了。第二家也好不了多少，可是尽头的一家却有铁皮屋顶，窗子上挂着窗帘。这所孤零零的房子没有围墙，那是一家小饭馆。所有的农舍排成一行，整个小村安然寂静，各家院子里的柳树、接骨木和花椒树都探出墙来，景致煞是好看。
在农家的宅旁地之后，一道陡峭的土坡通向河边，坡上这儿那儿的粘土里露出一块块大石头。在这些石头和陶工挖出的土坑之间，有一些弯弯曲曲的小道，成堆的陶器碎片，有褐色的，有红色的，遗留在那里。山坡下面是一片广阔而平整的绿油油的草场。草场已经割过，此刻只有农家的牲畜在游荡。那条河离村有一俄里远，河水在绿树成荫的美丽的河岸间婉蜒而去。河那边又是很大一片草场，草场上有牲畜，成排成排的白鹅。草场过去，跟河的这边一样，一道陡坡爬到山上。山顶上有个村子和一座五个圆顶的教堂，再远一点是地主的庄园。
“你们这地方真好！”奥莉加说，对着教堂画着十字，“多么开阔啊，主啊！”
正在这时候，响起了教堂的钟声，召唤人们去做彻夜祈祷（这是礼拜天的前夜）。坡下的两个小姑娘正抬着一桶水，她们回过头去望着教堂，听那钟声。
“这会儿‘斯拉夫商场’正好开饭……”尼古拉出神地说。
尼古拉和奥莉加坐在陡坡边上，看着太阳怎样落山，那金黄的、紫红的晚霞怎样映在河里，映在教堂的窗子上，映在四野的空气中。空气柔和、宁静、说不出的纯净，这在莫斯科是从来没有的。太阳落山，一群群牛羊阵阵地、哗哗地叫着回村来，鹅群也从对岸飞过河来。随后四下里静下来，柔和的亮光消失了，昏暗的暮色很快就降落下来。
这时候，尼古拉的父亲和母亲回家来了，两位老人身材一般高，同样消瘦、驼背、掉了牙。两个女人，儿媳妇玛丽亚和菲奥克拉，白天在对岸地主家帮工，这时也回家来了。玛丽亚是哥哥基里亚克的妻子，有六个孩子。菲奥克拉是弟弟杰尼斯的妻子，有两个孩子，杰尼斯现在在外面当兵。尼古拉走进木房，看到一大家子的人，所有这些大大小小的身子在高板床①上、在摇篮里、在所有的屋角果蠕动，看到老人和女人们怎样把黑面包泡在水里，狼吞虎咽地吃下去，这当儿他想到，他，一个有病的人，没有钱，还拖着一家人，回到老家来是错了，错了！
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①乡村木房中装在炉子和侧壁之间，有一人高，很宽。
“基里亚克哥哥在哪儿？”大家打过招呼后他问道。
“他在一个商人家里当看守人，”父亲回答，“守林子。他是个不错的庄稼人，就是酒灌得大多。”
“不挣钱的人！”老太婆抱怨说，“我们家的汉子都命苦，从不拿东西回家，反倒从家里往外拿。基里亚克酗酒，老头子呢，用不着隐瞒，也认得上小酒馆的路。惹得圣母娘娘生气啦。”
因为来了客人才烧起了茶炊。茶水里有一股鱼腥味。灰色的糖块是咬过剩下的；面包上，碗碟上，有不少蟑螂爬来爬去。这种茶叫人喝不下去，谈话也叫人不痛快－－谈来谈去，不是穷就是病。可是大家还没喝完一杯茶，忽然从院子里传来响亮的、拖长的、醉醺醺的喊叫声。
“玛－玛丽－亚！”
“好像基里亚克回来了，”老头子说，“真是提到谁，谁就到。”
大家不作声了。不一会儿，喊声又响起来，粗声粗气，拖得很长，像从地底下发出来的：
“玛－玛丽－亚！”
大儿媳玛丽亚，脸色煞白，直往炉子边靠。这个宽肩膀、壮实、难看的女人一脸惊吓的神色，让人看了有点奇怪。她的女儿，那个坐在炉台上的小姑娘，一直表情冷淡，这时突然大声哭起来。
“你哭什么，讨厌鬼？”菲奥克拉喝斥她，她是个漂亮女人，身子也壮实，肩膀很宽，“别怕，他又不会把你打死！”
从老人口里尼古拉得知，玛丽亚害怕跟基里亚克一块儿住在林子里，因为每当他喝醉了酒，回来就找她闹事，毫不留情地毒打她。
“玛－玛丽－亚！”喊声到了房门口。
“看在基督份上，救救我，亲人们，”玛丽亚费力地说，她喘着粗气，就像被人扔进冰水里一样，“救救我，亲人们哪……”
屋里所有的孩子都哭起来，萨莎望着他们也哭了。先是一声醉醺醺的咳嗽，随后一个身材高大的黑胡子农民走进屋来。他戴一顶冬天的帽子，所以在昏暗的灯光下看不清他的脸－－可是样子吓人。他就是基里亚克。他走到妻子跟前，抡起胳膊，一拳头打在她的脸上。她一声没出，被打昏过去，一下子瘫在地上，鼻子里立刻流出血来。
“真丢人，丢人，”老头子嘟哝着爬到了炉台上，“还当着客人的面！造孽呀！”
老太婆默默地坐着，弓腰驼背，在想心事。菲奥克拉摇着摇篮……显然基里亚克觉得自己能吓住人，十分得意，便一把抓住玛丽亚的手，把她拖到门口，为了显得更凶，就像野兽一样吼起来。可是这当儿忽然看到有客人在场，就停住了。
“啊，回来了……”他说着，放开了妻子，“亲兄弟带着家眷……”
他对着圣像祈祷一阵，身子摇摇晃晃，使劲睁大那双发红的醉眼，接着说，
“亲兄弟带着家眷回老家了……这么说，是从莫斯科来的。不用说，莫斯科是古时候定为国都的城市，是万城之母……对不起……”
他在茶炊旁的长凳上坐下，喝起茶来。大家默不作声，只有他就着小茶盅大声地喝着。他一连喝了十杯，随后倒在长凳上，立即打起呼噜来。
大家准备睡觉。尼古拉因为有病，跟父亲一起躺在炉台上。萨莎睡在地板上，奥莉加和两个妯娌去板棚里睡。
“唉，算了，亲人儿，”她挨着玛丽亚在干草上躺下后说，“眼泪也除不了痛苦！忍一忍就算了。圣书上说：‘有人打你的右脸，连左脸也转过来由他打。’①唉，算了，亲人儿！”
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①见《圣经·马太福音》第五章第三十八节。
后来她曼声细语地讲起莫斯科，讲起自己的生活，讲她怎样在带家具的公寓里当女仆。
“莫斯科的房子都很大，石砌的，”她说，“教堂很多很多，有四十个教区的教堂哩，亲人儿。房子的主人都是老爷，又体面，又有礼貌。”
玛丽亚说，她别说莫斯科，就连县城也没有去过。她不认字，不会祷告，连“我们在天上的父”也不知道。她和奥菲克拉，她此刻坐在一旁听着，两人的智力都很低下，什么也不懂。两人都不喜欢自己的丈夫。玛丽亚怕基里亚克，每当他留下来，跟她在一起的时候，她就吓得浑身发抖。只要她一挨近他，他身上的那股浓重的酒气和烟味总熏得她头痛。菲奥克拉呢，每当有人间她，丈夫不在是不是烦闷，她总是气恼地回答：
“去他的！”
她们聊了一阵，后来就不出声了……
天气凉了。板棚附近有只公鸡扯着嗓门喔喔啼叫，吵得人没法睡觉。当淡蓝色的晨光穿过每一条板缝时，菲奥克拉就悄悄地起身，走了出去，随后可以听到她的光脚板的吧嗒声，她不知跑哪儿去了。
作者：契诃夫
二
奥莉加去教堂时，把玛丽亚也带去了。她们顺着小路下坡，朝草场走去。两个人都心情愉快。奥莉加喜欢辽阔的田园，玛丽亚觉得这个妯娌和蔼可亲。太阳升起来了。一只睡意未消的鹰在草场上低低地盘旋，河水暗淡无光，有些地方晨雾缭绕。河对岸的山上一条光带延伸开去，照得教堂金光闪闪。在地主家的花园里，一群白嘴鸦呱呱地大声喧闹着。
“老爷子倒没什么，”玛丽亚讲起来，“老奶奶可厉害了，老跟人吵架。自家种的粮食只够吃到谢肉节①，只好在小铺里买面粉，所以她就发火，老说：你们吃得太多。”
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①东正教节日，在大斋前一星期，俄旧历二月下旬，带有送冬迎春的意思。
“唉，算了，亲人儿，忍一忍就算了。圣书上写着：‘凡劳苦担重担的人，可以到我这里来。’②”
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②见《圣经·马大福音》第十一章第二十八节。
奥莉加说话稳重，曼声曼调，走起路来像朝圣女人那样，又快又急。她每天必读《福音书》，像教堂诵经士那样大声吟诵，尽管许多地方不懂，但神圣的语言总让她感动得流下眼泪，每当她读到“如果”和“直到”这类词时，她的心脏似乎都要停止跳动了。她信仰上帝，信仰圣母，信仰所有侍奉上帝的人。她相信不能欺负人；普通人也罢，德国人也罢，茨冈人也罢，犹太人也罢，世上的任何人都欺负不得。她相信，凡是不怜恤动物的人迟早都要遭难。她相信这些都是在圣书里写着的。所以每当她读《圣经》的时候，即使读不懂，她的脸也总是流露出怜悯、感动和欢欣的表情。
“你是哪个地方的人呢？”玛丽亚问道。
“我是弗拉基米尔人。只是我很早就去了莫斯科，那年我才八岁。”
她们来到河边。河对岸有个女人站在水边，正在脱衣服。
“那是我们家的菲奥克拉，”玛丽亚认出人来，“她过河去地主的庄园。找那里的男管家。她尽胡闹，爱吵架－－真不得了！”
黑眉毛的菲奥克拉头发披散着，她还很年轻、健壮，像个姑娘家。她从岸上跳进河里，两条腿使劲拍打，在她的四围掀起了一片浪花。
“她尽胡闹－－真不得了！”玛丽亚又说一遍。
河上架着一道原木搭成的摇摇晃晃的桥。桥底下，在清澈透明的河水里，成群的大头圆鳍雅罗鱼游来游去。绿色的树丛倒映在水里，树叶上的露珠闪闪发亮。四下里暖融融的，让人满心喜欢。多么美丽的早晨啊！若是没有贫穷，没有可怕的、无尽头的、哪儿也躲不掉的贫穷，大概这人世间的生活也像这早晨一样美丽吧！可是只消回头看一眼村子，就会清晰地记起昨天发生的一切，于是由周围的景色唤起的那份让人陶醉的幸福感，立即便消失了。
她们来到教堂。玛丽亚站在大门口，不敢再在前走。她又不敢坐下，尽管要到八点多钟才打钟做弥撒。她就一直这样站着。
念福音书的时候，人群忽然动起来，给地主一家人让路。进来了两个穿白色连衣裙、戴宽边帽的姑娘，身后跟着一个红红胖胖穿水手服的男孩。他们的到来使奥莉加大为感动，她一眼就看出，他们是上流社会有教养的、高贵的人。玛丽亚却皱起眉头、沉着脸、沮丧地看着他们，仿佛进来的不是人，而是恶魔，她若不让路，就要被他们踩死似的。
每当助祭的男低音宣读经文的时候，玛丽亚总好像听到“玛－玛丽－亚”的喝斥声，于是地不由得打起哆嗦来。
作者：契诃夫
三
村里人听说来了客人，做完弥撤，不少人来到他们家。列昂内切夫家的人，玛特维伊切夫家的人和伊利伊乔家的人都来打听他们在莫斯科当差的亲戚的情况。茹科沃村里的所有年轻人，只要认得字，能读会写，都被送到莫斯科，而且只送到饭馆和旅店当学徒（正如河对岸的村子里年轻人只送到面包房当学徒一样）。这种风气由来已久，还在农奴制时代就这样了。那时有个茹科沃的农民卢卡·伊凡内奇，如今他已是传奇人物，在莫斯科的一个俱乐部里当小卖部的店主，只接受同村人来做事，这些同村人站稳了脚跟，又把自己的亲戚叫来，安排他们在饭馆和旅店当差。从那时起，四周围的乡民把茹科沃的村名都改了，管它叫“下人村”或者“奴才村”。尼古拉是十一岁那年被送到莫斯科的，由玛特维伊切大家的伊凡·玛卡雷奇为他谋了一份差事。伊凡·玛卡雷奇当时在“艾尔米塔日”花园的剧场里当引座员。现在，尼古拉对着玛特维伊切夫家的人，说得头头是道：
“伊凡·玛克雷奇是我的恩人，我得日日夜夜祈求上帝保佑他，因为多亏了他，我才成了体面人。”
“我的天哪，”一个高个子老太婆，伊凡·玛卡雷奇的妹妹含着眼泪说，“他老人家，我那亲人，现在一点音信都没有了。”
“去年冬天他在奥蒙老爷家当差，这个季节听说他到城外的花园里做事……他老啦！从前吧，往往一个夏季，每天都能带回家十来个卢布，可是现在到处都生意清淡，这下苦了他老人家了。”
那些老太婆和女人看着他穿毡鞋的脚，看着他苍白的脸，伤心地说：
“你不是挣钱人了，尼古拉·奥西佩奇，不是挣钱人了！哪儿行呢！”
大家都喜欢萨莎。她已经满十岁，可是长得很瘦小，看上去顶多只有七岁。别的小姑娘一个个脸蛋晒得发黑，头发胡乱地剪短，穿着褪色的长衫。她呢，脸蛋白白的，眼睛又大又黑，头发上还系着红丝带，夹在她们中间显得有点滑稽，好像这是一头刚从野地里捉回来的小兽。
“她会念书呢！”奥莉加温柔地瞧着女儿，夸奖道。“你念一念，好孩子！”她说，从包裹里拿出一本《福音书》，“你念一念，念给那些正教徒听听。”
《福音书》很旧，很重，羊皮封面，书边已经摸脏了。书本有股那样的气味，就好像修士进屋来了。萨莎扬起眉毛，开始响亮地、像唱诗般念起来：
“‘有主的使者向约瑟梦中显现，说，起来，带着小孩子同他母亲……’”
“带着小孩子同他母亲，”奥莉加重复道，她激动得满脸通红。
“‘逃往埃及，住在那里，等我吩咐你……①’”
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①见《圣经·马大福音》第二章第十三节。
听到“等”字，奥莉加再也忍不住，失声哭起来。玛丽亚望着她也呜咽抽泣，随后便是伊凡·玛卡雷奇的妹妹跟着落泪。老头子不住地咳嗽，翻来翻去想找件小礼物送给孙女，可是什么也没有找到，只好挥挥手算了。经书念完之后，邻居们四散回家，一个个深受感动，对奥莉加和萨莎十分满意。
因为这天是节日，全家人整天都待在家里。老太婆，不论丈夫、儿媳，还是孙子、孙女都管她叫老奶奶，样样事情都要亲自动手，亲自生炉子，亲自烧茶炊，甚至在午间亲自去挤牛奶，然后就不住地抱怨，说她干得快累死了。她老是担心家里人吃多了，担心老头子和儿媳们闲着不干活。她时不时听到，小铺老板家的一群鹅好像从后面钻进她家的菜园子，于是她操起一根长杆子，赶紧跑出屋来，守着跟她一样干瘦、发蔫的白菜，不歇气地一连喊上半个钟头。有时她好像觉得乌鸦想来抓她的小鸡，她就一边骂，一边朝乌鸦冲去。她从早到晚生气，咦叨，动不动就提着嗓门叫骂，弄得街上的行人不由得停了下来。
她对她的老头子很不和气，不是叫他懒骨头，就是叫他讨厌鬼。他是个不大正经的、靠不住的庄稼人，若不是她经常催赶着他，恐怕他真的什么活都不干，成天坐在炉台上说闲话了。他没完没了地对儿子讲起他的好些仇人，抱怨他每天都受邻居的欺负，听他说话真是无聊。
“是啊，”他双手叉腰，说起来，“是啊……在十字架节①后一个礼拜，我把干草卖了，一担三十戈比，我自愿卖的……是啊……挺好……可是，有一天早晨，我把干草推出去，我是自愿卖的，也没有招惹谁，可是运气不好，我一看，村长安季普·谢杰利尼科夫正巧打从酒馆里出来。‘你往哪儿送？没出息的东西！’他说完还随手给了我一记耳光。”
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①东正教节日，在俄旧历九月十四日。
基里亚尔喝醉后头痛欲裂，在弟弟面前他很不好意思。
“伏特加真害人。唉，我的天哪！”他嘟哝着，不住地摇晃痛胀的头，“你们要看在基督份上，亲兄弟和亲弟妹，原谅我才好，我自己也不快活呀。”
因为这天是节日，他们从酒馆里买了一条鲱鱼，熬了一锅鱼头汤。中午大家先喝茶，喝了很长时间，直喝到头上冒汗，看来茶水把肚子都撑大了。这之后才开始喝鱼汤，大家就着一个瓦罐喝。至于鱼身子，老奶奶却藏起来了。
傍晚，有个陶工在坡上烧窑。坡下的草场上，姑娘们围成圆圈唱歌跳舞。有人在拉手风琴。河对岸也有人在烧窑，也有姑娘们唱歌，远处的歌声悠扬动听。酒馆内外不少农民吵吵嚷嚷，他们醉酝酿地各唱各的调，破口大骂，让奥莉加听了直打哆哼，连呼：
“哎呀，天哪……”
她感到吃惊的是，那些骂人话可以连续不断，而且骂得最凶、嗓门最大的倒是那些快要人士的老头子。可是孩子们和姑娘家听了却毫不理会，显然他们在摇篮里就听惯了。
过了午夜，两岸的窑火都已熄灭，可是下面草场上和酒馆里还有人在玩乐。老头子和基里亚克都醉了。他们胳膊挽着胳膊，肩膀撞着肩膀，跌跌撞撞来到奥莉加和玛丽亚睡觉的板棚前。
“算了吧，”老头子劝他说，“算了吧……这婆娘挺老实……罪过呀……”
“玛－玛丽－亚！”基里亚克喊道。
“算了吧……罪过呀……这婆娘不错的。”
两人在板棚前站了一会儿，走开了。
“我－我爱－野花儿！”老头子突然用刺耳的男高音唱起来，“我－我爱－到野地里－摘花儿！”
随后他啐了一口，骂了一句粗话，进屋去了。
四
老奶奶让萨莎待在菜园里，守着白菜，别让鹅进来祸害。己是炎热的八月天。酒馆老板家的鹅经常从后面钻进菜园，不过现在它们干的是正经事：在酒馆附近啄食燕麦，和睦地闲聊着，只有一只公鹅高高地昂起头，似乎想观察一下，老太婆是不是拿着杆子跑来了。别的鹅也可能从坡下上来，不过那群鹅此刻在河对岸觅食，在绿色的草场上拉出一道长长的白线。萨莎站了一会儿，觉得挺没意思，看看鹅也不来，就跑到陡坡的边上去了。
她在那里看到玛丽亚的大女儿莫季卡正一动不动地站在一块大石头上望着教堂。玛丽亚生了十三胎，可是只留下六个孩子，而且全是女儿，没有男孩。大女儿才八岁。莫季卡光着脚，穿一件长衬衫，站在太阳地里，火辣辣的太阳烤着她的头顶，但她毫不理会，仿佛成了化石。萨莎站到她身边，望着教堂说：
“上帝就住在教堂里。人到了晚上点灯，点蜡烛，上帝呢，点长明灯。长明灯有红的，绿的，蓝的，像小眼睛似的。到了夜里上帝就在教堂里走来走去，圣母娘娘和上帝的仆人尼古拉陪着他－－咯，哆，哆……守夜人听了吓坏了，吓坏了！唉，算了，亲人儿，”她学着母亲的话，说道，“到了世界未日那一天，所有的教堂都飞到天上去。”
“钟－楼－也－飞？”莫季卡一字一顿地低声问道。
“钟楼也飞。到了世界未日那一天，好心的人都进天堂，凶恶的人呢，给扔进永远不灭的火里去烧，亲人儿。上帝会对我妈妈和玛丽亚说，你们没有欺负人。所以往右边走，去天堂吧。可是对基里亚克和老奶奶他就会说：你们往左边走，到火里去。谁在持斋日吃荤，他也要到火里去。”
她仰望天空，睁大眼睛，又说：
“你望着天空，别眨眼睛，就能看到天使。”
莫季卡也仰望天空，在沉默中过了一分钟。
“看见了吗？”萨莎问道。
“看不见，”莫季卡低声说。
“我可看见了。一群小天使在天上飞，扇着小翅膀－－一闪一闪，像小蚊子似的。”
莫季卡想了一会儿，看着地面，问道：
“老奶奶也要遭火烧吗？”
“会的，亲人儿。”
从她们站着的大石头一直到山脚下，是一道平整的缓坡，长满了绿油油的嫩草，叫人见了真想伸出手去摸一摸，或者在上面躺一躺。萨莎躺下，翻身往下滚。莫季卡一脸严肃认真的样子，喘着气，也躺下，翻身往下滚，这么一来，她的衫子就卷到肩膀上去了。
“多好玩呀！”萨莎快活地说。
她俩往上走，想再玩一次，可是这当儿传来了熟悉的尖叫声。哎呀，真可怕！老奶奶没了牙，瘦骨伶仔，驼着背，短短的白发随风飘起，拿着一根长杆子正把一群鹅赶出菜园子，一边大声叫骂着：
“所有的白菜都给捣碎了，这些该死的畜生，把你们统统宰了才好，你们这些挨千刀的祸根子，怎么不死哟！”
她看到两个小姑娘，就扔下杆子，拾起一根枯树枝，伸出干瘦、粗硬、像弯钩似的手指抓住萨莎的脖子，开始抽打她。萨莎又痛又吓，立即大哭，这当儿那只公鹅伸长脖子，一摇一摆地走到老太婆跟前，嘎嘎地吼了一阵，当它转身归队时，所有的母鹅赞赏地欢迎它：嘎一嘎一嘎！随后老奶奶挥着树伎抽打莫季卡，这下莫季卡的衫子又给掀了起来。萨莎伤心透了，大哭着跑回屋里，想诉说委屈。莫季卡跟在她后面，也放声大哭，不过她的哭声低沉，而且不擦眼泪，她的脸上泪水涟涟，就像她刚把脸泡进水里似的。
“我的天哪！”奥莉加见她俩跑进屋来，惊呼道，“圣母娘娘啊！”
萨莎开始讲起怎么回事，这当儿老奶奶尖声叫骂着也进了屋，菲奥克拉也恼了，于是屋子里闹得乱成一团。
“不要紧，不要紧！”奥莉加脸色苍白，心慌意乱，一边抚摩着萨莎的头，一边安慰她，“她是你的奶奶，生奶奶的气是罪过的。不要紧的，好孩子。”
尼古拉早已被这经常不断的叫骂、饥饿、煤烟和臭气弄得筋疲力尽，他已经痛恨、鄙视这种贫穷的生活，而且在妻子、女儿面前常常为自己的爹娘感到羞愧－－这时候，他从炉台上垂下腿来，用哭泣的声音气愤地对母亲说：
“您不能打她！您根本没有权利打她！”
“得了吧。你躺在炉台上等死吧，你这个病鬼！”菲奥克拉恶狠狠地冲着他大声嚷嚷，“真见鬼，谁叫你们回来吃闲饭啦？”
萨莎、莫季卡和家里所有的小姑娘都爬到炉台上，躲在尼古拉背后的角落里，在那儿一声不响地、战战兢兢地听着这些话，似乎可以听到她们那小小的心脏在怦怦地跳动。每当一个家庭里有人久病不愈，绝了生还的希望，常常会出现极其沉重的时刻，这时他身边的所有亲人会胆怯地、暗暗地、在内心深处希望他死去。只有孩子们害怕亲人的死亡，一想到这个就会胆战心惊。此刻，小姑娘们都屏住呼吸，脸上一副悲哀的表情，望着尼古拉，想到他很快就要死掉，她们不由得想哭，想对他说几句亲切的、可怜他的话。
尼古拉直往奥莉加这边靠，仿佛在寻找她的保护，用颤抖的声音轻轻地对她说：
“奥莉亚①，亲爱的，我在这儿再也待不下去了。我筋疲力尽了。看在上帝份上，看在天主基督份上，你给你妹妹克拉夫季娅·阿勃拉莫夫娜写封信吧，让她把她所有的东西都卖了，当了，让她把钱寄来，我们好离开这里。啊，上帝，”他苦恼地继续道，“哪怕让我再看一眼莫斯科也好啊！哪怕我能梦见莫斯科也好啊，亲爱的！”
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①奥莉加的昵称。
黄昏来临，木屋里越来越暗，大家愁阀得说不出话来。爱生气的老奶奶把黑麦面包的硬壳掰碎后泡在碗里，再放进嘴里慢慢地嚼着，吃了足足一个钟头。玛丽亚挤完牛奶，提着牛奶桶进来，把它放在凳子上。老奶奶再把桶里的牛奶倒进一只只瓦罐里，不慌不忙地干了很长时间。显然她很满意，因为眼下正是圣母升天节②斋戒期，谁也不兴喝牛奶，这些牛奶就都留下了。她只往一个小碟子里倒了少许，留给菲奥克拉的小娃娃喝。后来她和玛丽亚把一只只瓦罐送到地窖去。莫季卡忽然跳起来，从炉台上爬下来，走到凳子跟前，拿起碟子，往那只泡着面包硬皮的木碗里泼了一点牛奶。
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②圣母升天节，在俄旧历八月十五日，斋期半个月，持斋日不吃荤（肉食及牛奶）。
老奶奶回到屋里，又端起自己的碗吃起来。萨莎和莫季卡坐在炉台上望着老奶奶，心里特别高兴：这下她开荤了，往后只能入地狱了。她们得到了安慰，就躺下睡觉。萨莎快要入睡，可还在想象着最后的审判：一只像陶窑那样的大炉子里烈火熊熊，有个头上长着牛那样的犄角、浑身乌黑的魔鬼，拿着一根长杆子把老奶奶往火里赶，就像她自己刚才赶鹅一样。
五
在圣母升天节晚上十点多钟，在坡下草场上玩乐的姑娘们和小伙子们，忽然发出刺耳的惊叫，纷纷朝村子方向奔跑。那些坐在陡坡上边的人一时间怎么也弄不明白出了什么事。
“着火啦！着火啦！”下面传来声嘶力竭的呼喊声，“村里着火啦！”
坐在陡坡上边的人回头一看，在他们前面呈现出一幅可怕的、不同寻常的景象。村头一座木房的干草顶上，蹿起一俄丈①的火柱，火舌翻滚，无数的火星撒向口面八方，像喷泉喷水似的。随即整个屋顶燃起熊熊大火，可以听到火烧时的僻啪声。
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①一俄丈等于二·一二三米。
月色变暗淡了，整个村子已经笼罩在颤动的红光中，黑影在地上移动，空气中有一股熏糊味。从坡下跑上来的人，一个个气喘吁吁，战战兢兢，说不出话来。他们互相推挤，跌跌撞撞，由于不习惯刺眼的火光，他们什么也看不清楚，甚至彼此都认不出来了。真是可怕。特别可怕的是几只鸽子在火焰上空的浓烟里飞来飞去，而在酒馆里，那些还不知道村里起火的人还在唱歌，拉手风琴，像什么事也没有发生一样。
“谢苗大叔家起火啦！”有人粗声粗气地大喊道。
玛丽亚在自己屋前急得团团转。她哭哭啼啼，搓着手，吓得牙齿直打颤，虽说火还远着呢，在村子的另一头。尼古拉穿着毡靴走出屋来，孩子们穿着贴身衫子纷纷跑出来。在乡村巡警的小屋附近有人敲起了铁板。当当的声音响彻夜空。这急促的无休止的铁板声弄得人心里隐隐作痛，浑身发冷。一些老奶奶们都捧着圣像站着。所有的羊、牛犊和母牛都让人从院子里轰到街上，不少箱笼、熟羊皮和木桶都搬了出来。一匹毛色乌黑的种马，平常不放它进马群，因为它老踢伤别的马，这会儿也放了出来。它一声嘶呜，马蹄得得，在村里一连跑了两个来回，忽然在一辆大车旁停住，用后腿使劲踢那辆车子。
河对岸的教堂里也敲起了钟。
在起火的木屋附近热气的人，亮得连地上的每一棵小草都清晰可见。一些箱子好不容易给拖了出来。谢苗坐在其中的一只箱子上，这是一个须发棕红的农民，大鼻子，一顶便帽压得很低，直到耳朵，穿一件西服上衣。他的妻子脸朝下躺在地上，已经不省人事，嘴里不住地哼哼着。有个八十岁上下的老头，身材矮小，一把大胡子，像个地精①。他不是本地人，但显然与这场火灾有牵连，在一旁走来走去，没戴帽子，手里抱一个白包袱。他的秃顶上映照出火光来。村长安季普·谢杰利尼科夫，晒黑的脸膛，乌黑的头发，像个茨冈人，拿一把斧子走到木屋前，不知道为什么，把所有的窗子接连砍下来，随后便砍起台阶来。
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①西欧神话中守护地下财宝的丑陋的侏儒。
“婆娘们，弄水来！”他喊道，“把机器抬来！麻利点，姑娘们！”
刚才在酒馆里饮酒作乐的农民们把救火机抬来了。他们都已喝醉，不时磕磕绊绊，跌跌撞撞，眼睛里含着泪水，一副无可奈何的表情。
“姑娘们，弄水来！”村长吆喝着，他也醉了，“麻利些，姑娘们！”
女人和姑娘们跑到下面泉水边，把大桶、小桶灌满了水往山上送，倒进救火机里，又往下跑。奥莉加、玛丽亚、萨莎和莫季卡都去弄水。有些女人和男孩子压唧筒抽水，消防水龙带便吱吱地冒水，村长拿着它一会儿对着门，一会儿对着窗，有时还用手指堵住水流，这一来吱吱声就更刺耳了。
“好样的，安季普！”有些人称赞道，“加油啊！”
安季普冲进起火的门廊里，在里面大声喊叫：
“使劲压水！正教徒们，为了这场灾祸，合力干哪！”
不少农民站在一旁，什么事也不干，瞧着火发愣。谁也不知该做什么，也不会做，而周围全是粮垛、干草、板棚和柴堆。基里亚克和老头奥西普也站在里面，两人都带着醉意。像是为自己的袖手旁观开脱，老头对躺在地上的女人说：
“大嫂子，你何苦拿脑袋撞地呢？你这房子是上过保险的，你愁什么！”
谢苗时而对这个人，时而对那个人讲起着火的原因：
“就是那个拿包袱的小老头子，茹科夫将军家的仆人……他从前在将军家当厨子，愿将军的灵魂升天堂。晚上来我家说：‘留我在这儿住一夜……’好吧，不用说，我们两人就喝了那么一小杯……老婆子忙着生茶炊，想请老头子喝点茶，可是合该倒霉，她把茶炊放到门廊里，烟囱里的火星一直蹿到屋顶，点着了干草，这下就出事了。我们差点没给烧死。老头子的帽子烧掉了，作孽呀。”
铁板的当当声响个不停，河对岸的教堂里钟声齐呜。奥莉加周身映在火光里，气喘吁吁地时而跑下，时而跑上，惊恐地看着那些火红色的绵羊和在烟雾里飞来飞去的粉红色的鸽子。她觉得这钟声像尖刺扎进她的心脏，又觉得这场火永远扑不灭，而萨莎找不见了……后来轰隆一声木屋的天花板塌下来，她心想这下全村准会烧光，这时她浑身瘫软，再也提不起水桶，就坐在坡上，水桶扔在一旁。在她身旁和身后都有女人在呼天喊地地放声大哭，像哭丧一样。
这时候，从河对岸的地主庄园里驶来两辆马拉大车，车上坐着地主的管家和雇工，他们运来了一台救人机。有个身穿白色海军眼、敞着怀的年轻大学生骑着马也赶来了。响起了斧子的砍击声，一把梯子架到已经着火的木屋框架上，立即有五个人往上爬，打头的就是那个大学生。他周身被火光照红，用刺耳的、嘶哑的声音喊叫着，那口气，就好像他是救火的行家似的。他们把木屋拆掉，把原木一根根卸下来，把畜栏、篱笆和近处的干草垛都拖开了。
“不准他们拆屋子，”人群里传来严厉的喊声，“不准！”
基里亚克一副果断的神态走向木屋，似乎要阻止来人拆房子。可是一名雇工把他赶回来，还狠狠地揍了他一拳。大家一阵哄笑，雇工又给了一拳，基里亚克倒下了，手脚并用爬回到人群里。
河对岸又来了两个戴帽子的漂亮姑娘，多半是大学生的姐妹。她们站在远处观望。拆下拖走的原木不再燃烧，但是冒着浓烟。现在大学生拿着水笼头，时而对着原木冲，时而对农民和提水的女人冲。
“乔治！”两个姑娘责备地、不安地向他喊道，“乔治！”
火熄灭了。大家四散回家，这时才发现天快亮了，人人脸色苍白，还带点淡褐色－－每当清早天空中的残星消失的时候，总是这样的。回家路上，农民们嘻嘻哈哈，不断地拿茹科夫将军的厨子开玩笑，取笑他把帽子烧掉了。他们已经有兴致把火灾变成笑谈，甚至好像有点惋惜火很快就被扑灭了。
“您，少爷，救人挺内行，”奥莉加对大学生说，“真该把您调到我们莫斯科，那儿差不多天天有火灾。”
“您难道从莫斯科来的？”一位小姐问道。
“是这样。我丈夫在‘斯拉夫商场，当差。这是我的女儿，”她指着冷得发抖、紧贴着她的萨莎说，“她也算是莫斯科人哩，小姐。”
两位小姐对大学生讲了几句法语，他就给了萨莎一个二十戈比的硬币。老头子奥西普见到了，他的脸上顿时闪现出希望的光芒。
“感谢上帝，老爷，多亏没风，”他对大学生说，“要不然只消一个钟头就会烧个精光。老爷，您心好，”他压低嗓音，不好意思地加了一句：“大清早好冷？真想暖暖身子……您行行好，赏几个小钱打点酒喝。”
他什么也没有得着，于是大声清了清嗓子，慢腾腾地回家了。奥莉加一直站在坡边，望着两辆车子怎样涉水过河，少爷和小姐怎样穿过草地，河对岸有一辆马车正等着他们，她一回到木屋，就惊喜地对丈夫说：
“多好的人哪！长得也漂亮！两位小姐简直就是天使！”
“她们不得好死！”睡得迷迷糊糊的菲奥克拉恶狠狠地说。
六
玛丽亚认定自己命苦，常说不如死了算了。菲奥克拉正相反，贫穷也好，龌龊也好，不停的叫骂也好，这生活样样合她的口味。给她什么，她就吃什么，从不挑挑拣拣；不管什么地方，不管有没有铺的盖的，她倒头就睡。她把脏水倒在台阶上，泼到门外头，再光着脚从水洼里走过去。她从第一天起就痛恨奥莉加和尼古拉，只因为他们不喜欢这种生活。
“我倒要瞧瞧你们在这里吃什么，莫斯科的贵族！”她常常幸灾乐祸地说，“我倒要瞧一瞧！”
有一天早晨，那已是九月初了，菲奥克拉挑了一担水从坡下回来，冻得脸蛋红红的，又健康又漂亮。这时候玛丽亚和奥莉加正坐在桌子旁喝茶。
“又是茶又是糖，”菲奥克拉挖苦地说，“好气派的太太们，”她放下水桶，又说，“倒时兴天天喝茶哩，小心点，别让茶把你们呛死了！”她痛恨地瞧着奥莉加，接下去说，“在莫斯科养得肥头胖脸的，瞧这一身肥膘！”
她抡起扁担，一头打在奥莉加的肩膀上，两个妯娌吃惊得击掌叹道：
“哎呀，我的天哪！”
随后菲奥克拉又去河边洗衣服，一路上破口大骂，响得连屋子里都听得见。
白天过去了，随后是秋天漫长的夜晚。木屋里在绕丝。大家动手，除了奥菲克拉：她又跑到河对岸去了。这丝是从附近的工厂里弄来的，全家人靠它挣几个钱－－一星期二十来戈比。
“当年在东家手下，日子要好过些，”老头子一面绕丝，一面说，“干活，吃饭，睡觉，都按部就班的。中午饭有菜汤和粥，晚饭还是菜汤和粥。黄瓜和白菜多的是，由你敞开吃。可是规矩也大些。人人都守本分。”
屋里只点一盏小灯，光线暗淡，灯芯冒烟。要是有人挡住了小灯，就有很大一片黑影落在窗上，这时可以看到明亮的月光。老头子奥西普不慌不忙地谈起农奴解放①前人们怎样生活。他说到，在这一带地方，现如今日子过得太烦闷，太穷苦，想当年老爷们常常带着猎犬、灵＊（左反犬右是）②和职业猎手外出打猎，围猎的时候，农民都能喝到伏特加。之后整车整车被打死的野禽就送到莫斯科的少东家那里。他还说到，作恶的农奴受到惩罚，挨树条抽打，还要发配到特维尔的世袭领地上当农奴；好心的农奴受到奖赏。老奶奶也讲些往事。她什么都记得。她谈起自己的女主人，说她心地善良，严守教规，可是丈夫是个酒徒和浪荡子。说她有三个女儿，天知道都嫁了些什么人：一个嫁给酒鬼，另一个嫁给小市民，第三个私奔了（老奶奶当时很年轻，还帮过小姐的忙）。她们三个很快都愁苦死了，跟她们的母亲一样，想起这些，老奶奶甚至抽泣了几声。
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①俄国于一八六一年废除农奴制。
②一种跑得特别快的猎犬。
突然有人敲门，大家都吓了一跳。
“奥西普大叔，留我住一夜吧！”
进来一个秃顶的小老头子，就是那个烧掉帽子的茹科夫将军的厨子。他坐下来，听着，随后也开始回忆往事，讲起各种各样的故事来。尼古拉坐在炉台上，垂着两条腿，听着，老是间他当年老爷们吃些什么菜。他们谈起了炸肉饼、肉排、各种汤和佐料。厨子的记性也很好，他还举出一些现在没有的菜，比如说有一道用牛眼睛做的菜，取名叫“早晨醒”。
“那时候你们烧‘元帅肉排’吗？”尼古拉问。
“不烧。”
尼古拉摇摇头，责备说：
“哎呀，你们这些没本事的厨子！”
炉台上的小姑娘们有的坐着，有的躺着，不眨眼地往下瞧着，她们人很多，看上去真像云端里的一群小天使。她们喜欢听大人讲话，她们时而高兴，时而害怕，不住地叹气，发抖，脸色变白。她们觉得老奶奶的故事讲得最有趣，她们便屏住呼吸听着，不敢动一下。
后来大家默默地躺下睡觉。老年人被那些陈年往事弄得心神不定，兴奋起来，想起年轻的时候多么美好。青春，不管它什么样，在人的记忆中总是留下生动、愉快、动人的印象。至于死亡，它已经不远了，却是那么可怕而无情－－最好不去想它！油灯熄灭了。黑暗也好，月光照亮的两扇小窗也好，寂静也好，摇篮的吱嘎声也好，不知什么缘故这一切使老人们想起他们的生活已经过去，青春再也回不来了……他们刚要朦胧入睡，忽地有人碰碰你的肩膀，一口气吹到脸上，立即就睡意全消了，觉得身子发麻，种种死的念头直往脑子里钻。翻一个身再睡－－死的事倒忘了，可是满脑子都是贫穷、饲料、面粉涨价等等早就让人发愁、烦心的事。过了一会儿，不由得又会想起：生活已经过去了，再也回不来了……
“唉，主啊！”厨子叹了一口气。
有人轻轻地敲了几下小窗子。多半是菲奥克拉回来了。奥莉加打着哈欠，小声念着祷词，起身去开房门，又到门道里拉开了门闩。可是没有人进来，只是从外面启进一阵冷风，月光一下子照亮了门道。从门里望出去，可以看到寂静而荒凉的街道和天上浮游的月亮。
“是谁呢？”奥莉加大声问。
“我，”有人回答，“是我。”
大门旁贴着墙跟站着菲奥克拉，全身一丝不挂。她冻得浑身发抖、牙齿打颤，在明亮的月色里显得很白，很美，很怪。她身上的暗处和皮肤上的月辉，不知怎么十分显眼，她那乌黑的眉毛和一对年轻、结实的乳房显得特别清楚。
“河对岸的那帮家伙胡闹，剥光了我的衣服才放我回来……”她说，“我只好光着身子回家，像出娘胎时那样。快给我拿点穿的来。”
“你倒是进屋呀！”奥莉加小声说，她也冷得哆嗦起来。
“千万别让老东西们看见。”
实际上，老奶奶已经操心地嘟哝起来，老头子问：“谁在那边？”奥莉加把自己的上衣和裙子拿出去，帮菲奥克拉穿上，随后两人极力不出声地关上门，轻手轻脚地走进木屋。
“是你吧，讨厌鬼？”老奶奶猜出是谁，生气地嘟哝道，“嘿，叫你这夜猫子……不得好死！”
“不要紧，不要紧，”奥莉加悄悄地说，给菲奥克拉披上衣服，“不要紧的，亲人儿。”
屋里又静下来。这家人向来睡不踏实：那种纠缠不休、摆脱不掉的苦恼妨碍他们每个人安睡：者头子背痛，老奶奶满心焦虑和气恼，玛丽亚担惊受怕，孩子们疥疮发痒、肚子老饿。此刻他们在睡梦中也是不安的：他们不断地翻身，说梦话，爬起来喝水。
菲奥克拉突然哇的一声哭起来，但立即又忍住，不时抽抽搭搭，声音越来越轻，最后不响了。河对岸有时传来报时的钟声，可是敲得很怪：先是五下，后来是三下。
“唉，主啊！”厨子连连叹息。
望着窗子，很难弄清楚，这是月色呢，或者已经天亮了。玛丽亚起身后走出屋子，可以听见她在院子里挤牛奶，不时说：“站好！”后来老奶奶也出去了。屋子里还很暗，但所有的东西都已显露出来。
尼古拉一夜没睡着，从炉台上爬下来。他从一只绿色的小箱子里拿出自己的燕尾服，穿到身上，走到窗前，不住地用手掌抿平衣袖，又抻抻后襟。他笑了。后来他小心地脱下燕尾服，收进箱子里，又去躺下了。
玛丽亚回到屋里，开始生炉子。她显然还没有完全睡醒，现在一边走，一边慢慢地清醒过来。她大概梦见了什么，或者又想起了昨晚的故事，因此她在炉子跟前舒舒服服地伸了个懒腰，说：
“不，还是自由好啊！”
七
老爷坐车来了－－村里人都这样称呼区警察局局长。他什么时候来，为什么来，一周以前大家就知道了。茹科沃村只有四十户人家，可是他们欠下官府和地方自治局的税款已累计两千有余。
区警察局局长先在小酒馆里歇脚，他“赏光”喝了两杯清茶，然后步行到村长家里，房子外面一群拖欠税款的农民已在恭候。村长安季普·谢杰利尼科夫尽管很年轻－－他只有三十岁出头－－却很严厉，总是帮上级说话，其实他自己也很穷，也不能按时交纳税款。显然他很乐意当村长，喜欢意识到自己拥有权力，这权力就是严厉，此外他不知道还有什么能表现出这份权力。村民大会上，大家都怕他，由他说了算。有时，在街上或者酒馆附近，他会突然冲着某个醉汉大声呵叱，反绑了他的手，把他关进拘留室。有一次他甚至把老奶奶也关了一天一夜，原因是她代替奥西普来开村会，还在会上骂街。他没有在城市里住过，也从来没有念过书，但他不知从哪儿弄来了许多深奥的字眼儿，喜欢在言谈中用一用，为此他备受村民敬重，尽管别人听不懂是什么意思。
奥西普带着他的纳税簿走进村长家的小木屋。区警察局局长，一个瘦老头子，灰白的连鬓胡子蓄得很长，穿一身灰制服，正坐在上座①的桌子旁写些什么。屋子里干干净净，四面墙上贴满了从杂志上撕下来的花花绿绿的画片。在圣像旁边最显眼的地方，挂着从前的保加利亚大公巴滕贝克②的肖像。村长安季普·谢杰利尼科夫两手交叉抱在胸前，站在桌旁。
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①俄罗斯农舍内，上面放圣像的地方。
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②巴滕贝克（一八五七－－一八九三），德国亲王，一八七九年任保加利亚大公，亲德奥势力，一八八六年在亲俄派军官的压力下，被迫退位。
“大人，他欠一百十九卢布，”轮到奥西普时，他说，“复活节前他交了一个卢布，打从那天起再没交过一个小钱。”
区警察局局长抬眼望着奥西普，问道：
“这是为什么，老乡？”
“请您开恩，大人，”奥西普激动地说，“容我说几句，头年柳托列茨村的老爷对我说：‘奥西普，把你的干草卖了吧……卖给我。’怎么不行呢？我有一百普特干草要卖出去，都是几个婆娘在草场上割的。行，我们谈妥了价钱……本来挺好，两厢情愿……”
他抱怨起村长来，不时转身瞧瞧农民们，似乎要请他们来作证似的。他满脸通红，额头冒汗，眼神变得尖利而凶狠。
“我不明白你说这些干吗？”区警察分局局长说，“我问你……我只问你为什么不交纳欠款？你们大家都不交，难道要我来替你们承担责任吗？”
“我拿不出来嘛！”
“这些话毫无道理，大人，”村长说，“不错，奇基利杰耶夫一家属于不富足阶层，不过请您问问其余的人，全部过错在伏特加，一帮胡作非为的人。他们一窍不通。”
区警察局局长记下什么，然后心平气和地对奥西普说，那语气就像讨杯水喝似的：
“你去吧。”
区警察局局长很快就走了。他坐进一辆廉价的四轮马车，不住地咳嗽，望着他那又长又瘦的背影可以看出，此刻他已经忘了奥西普，忘了村长，忘了茹科沃村的欠款，他在想着自己的心事了。他还没有走出一俄里，安季普·谢杰利尼科夫已经夺走了奇基利杰耶夫家的茶炊，老奶奶在后面追，使足劲尖声喊叫：
“不准拿走！我不准你拿走，你这个魔鬼！”
村长迈开大步，走得很快；老奶奶驼着背，愤怒若狂、气喘吁吁、跌跌撞撞地在后面追他，她的头巾掉到肩上，一头白发泛出淡淡的绿色，在风中飘扬。她突然站住，像一个真正的暴动者，双拳不住地捶胸，拖长声调，叫骂得更响，嚎啕哭诉起来：
“正教徒们，信仰印上帝的人啊！老天爷哪，他们欺负人！乡亲们哪，他们压迫人！哎呀，哎呀，好人们哪，替我伸冤雪恨啊！”
“老奶奶，老奶奶，”村长厉声说，“不得无理取闹！”
没有了茶炊，奇基利杰耶夫的家里变得异常沉闷。茶炊被人夺走，这是有损尊严、有失体面的事，就像这家人的名誉忽然扫地一样。要是村长拿走桌子和凳子，拿走所有的瓶瓶罐罐倒也好些，那样的话，屋子里会显得空一些。老奶奶呼天喊地，玛丽亚伤心落泪，所有的小姑娘望着她们也都哇哇哭起来。老头子感到心中有愧，垂头丧气地坐在屋角里一声不吭。尼古拉无话可说。老奶奶一向疼他，可怜他，可是这会儿忘了体恤，忽然冲着他不停地叫骂，责难，对着他的脸不住地摇拳头。她大声斥责，说全是他的过错，还在信里吹牛，说什么在“斯拉夫商场”每月领五十卢布，可实际上给家里寄的钱却很少很少，这是为什么？他干吗回家来，还带着家眷？他要是死了，哪儿弄钱来葬他？……尼古拉、奥莉加和萨莎的模样儿看上去真可怜。
老头子咳了一声，拿起帽子，找村长去了。天色已黑。安季普·谢杰利尼科夫鼓着腮帮子在炉子旁焊什么东西。满屋子煤气味。他的孩子们都很瘦，没有梳洗，在地板上爬来爬去，不比奇基利杰耶夫家的强多少。她的妻子长相难看，脸上有雀斑，挺着大肚子在绕丝。这是一个不幸的赤贫的家庭。只有安季普一人看上去既年轻又漂亮。在长凳上放着一溜五把茶炊。老头子对着巴滕贝克念着祷词①，说：
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①保加利亚大公巴滕贝克的像挂在圣像旁边，奥西普忙中出错了。
“安季普，求你发发慈悲，把茶炊还给我！看在基督面上！”
“拿三个卢布来，你就取走。”
“我拿不出来嘛！”
安季普不时鼓起腮帮子，火就呼呼地响，僻啪地叫，火光映红了那些茶炊。老头子揉着帽子，想了一阵，又说：
“还给我吧！”
皮肤晒黑的村长此刻全身乌黑，活像个巫师。他转身对着奥西普，说得又快又严厉：
“这得由地方长官说了算。本月二十六日，你可以到行政会议上口头或者书面申诉你不满的理由。”
奥西普一点也听不懂他的意思，只好到此为止，回家去了。
十多天后，区警察局局长又来了，坐了个把钟头，后来又坐车走了。那些天，风大而寒冷，河面早已结冰，雪倒没有下，可是道路难走，令大家苦恼。有一天，一个节日的傍晚，邻居们到奥西普家闲坐，聊天。他们在黑屋子里说着话，因为节日里不该干活，所以没有点灯。新闻倒有几件，不过都叫人不痛快。比如有两三户人家的公鸡被抓去抵债，送到乡公所，在那里死掉了，因为谁也不去喂它们。又比如，有几家的绵羊给拉走了，他们把羊捆起来，装在大车上运走，每到一个村子就换一辆大车，结果一头羊闷死了。现在有一个问题需要解答：谁的过锗？该怪谁？
“该怪地方自治局！”奥西普说，“不怪它怪谁！”
“没说的，该怪地方自治局。”
他们把欠款、受欺压、粮食歉收等等所有的事都怪罪于地方自治局，虽说他们中谁也不知地方自治局是怎么回事。这种情况由来己久。当初一些富裕的农民自己开了工厂、小铺和客店，当上了地方自治会议员，却始终心怀不满，后来便在自己的工厂和铺子里大骂地方自治局。
他们又谈到了者天爷不下雪：本该去运木柴了，可是眼下路面坑坑洼洼，车不能行，人不能走。过去吧，十五年、二十年以前，茹科沃村里人的谈话要有趣得多。那时候，每个老头子脸上都是这样一副神气，仿佛他心里藏着什么秘密，知道什么，盼着什么。他们谈论盖着金印的公文，土地的划分，新的土地和埋藏的财宝；他们的话里都暗示着什么；现在的茹科沃人谁都没有秘密，他们的全部生活像摆在掌心里一样，人人都看得见，他们能谈的不外乎贫穷和饲料，再就是老天爷怎么不下雪……
他们沉默片刻。后来又想起了公鸡和绵羊的事，又开始议论是谁的过错。
“地方自治局！”奥西普沮丧地说，“不怪它怪谁！”
八
教区的教堂在六俄里外的科索戈罗沃村。农民们只在需要时，如给婴儿施洗礼、举行婚礼、举行葬仪时才去那里。平时做祈祷到过河的教堂就行了。到了节日，遇上好天气，姑娘们打扮一番，成群结队去做弥撒。她们穿着红的、黄的、绿的连衣裙，穿过草场，叫人看了心里就高兴。不过遇上坏天气，她们只好待在家里。持斋的日子里，他们去教区的教堂作忏悔、领圣餐。在复活节后的一周内，神父举着十字架走遍所有的农舍，向大斋日没有去教堂作忏悔的教徒每人收取十五戈比。
老头子不信上帝，因此他几乎从来不想他。他承认有神奇的事，但他认为这种事只跟女人有关。有人在他面前谈起宗教或者奇迹这类事，向他提个什么问题，他总是搔搔头皮，不乐意地回答：
“谁知道这个呀！”
老奶奶信上帝，不过有点糊涂。她的脑子里所有的事都混在一起，她刚想起罪孽、死亡、灵魂得救，忽地贫穷啦，种种操心的事啦，又都插进来，她立即忘了刚才在想什么。祷告词她记不住，通常在晚上睡觉前，她站在圣像面前小声念道：
“喀山圣母娘娘，斯摩棱斯克圣母娘娘，三臂圣母娘娘……”
玛丽亚和菲奥克拉经常在身上画十字，每年都持斋，可是什么也不懂。孩子们没有学过祷告，大人们也不对他们讲上帝，传授什么教规，只是禁止他们在斋期吃荤。其余的家庭几乎一样：相信的人少，懂教规的人更少。同时大家又都喜欢《圣经》，温存地、虔敬地喜欢它，可是他们没有书，没人念《圣经》，讲《圣经》。奥莉加有时念《福音书》，为此大家都敬重她，对她和萨莎都恭敬地称呼“您”。
奥莉加经常去邻村和县城参加教堂命名节活动和感恩祈祷，在县城里有两个修道院和二十六座教堂。她去朝圣的路上总是神不守舍，完全忘了家人，直到回村来，才突然惊喜地发现自己有丈夫，有女儿，于是喜气洋洋地笑着说：
“上帝赐福给我了！”
村子里发生的事使她厌恶、痛苦。农民们在伊利亚节①喝酒，在圣母升天节喝酒，在十字架节又喝酒。圣母庇护节②是教区的节日，茹科沃村的农民为此一连喝三天酒。他们不但喝光了五十卢布的公款，过后还挨家挨户收取酒钱。头一天，奇基利杰耶夫家就宰了一头公羊，早中晚一连吃了三顿羊肉。他们吃得很多，到了夜里孩子们爬起来再吃一点。这三天里基里亚克喝得酪叮大醉，他喝光了所有的家当，把帽子和靴子也换酒喝了。他死命殴打玛丽亚，打得她晕过去，家里人只好往她头上泼水。事后大家都感到羞愧、厌恶。
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①东正教节日，在俄旧历七月二日。
②在俄旧历十月一日。
不过，即使在茹科沃这样的“奴才村”，一年一度也有一次真正的宗教盛典。那是在八月份，在全县，从一个村子到一个村子，人们迎送着赋予生命的圣母像。到了茹科沃村盼望的这一天，正好无风，天色阴沉。一大清早，姑娘们就穿上鲜艳漂亮的衣裙去迎圣像，到了傍晚时人们才抬着圣像，举着十字架和神幡、唱着圣诗，进了村子，这时河对面的教堂里钟声齐鸣。一群群本村人和外村人挤满了大街，吵吵嚷嚷，尘土飞扬，挤得水泄不通……老头子也好，老奶奶也好，基里亚克也好，大家都向圣像伸出手去，渴望地瞧着它，哭着说：
“保护神啊，圣母娘娘！保护神啊！”
大家好像突然明白了，天地之间并不虚空，有钱有势的人还没有夺走一切，尽管他们遭受着欺凌和奴役，遭受着难以忍受的贫穷，遭受着可怕的伏特加的祸害，却有神灵在保佑着他们。
“保护神啊，圣母娘娘！”玛丽亚嚎吻大哭，“圣母娘娘啊！”
可是感恩析祷做完，圣像又抬走了。一切都恢复原样，酒馆里又不时传出醉汉粗鲁的喊声。
只有富裕农民才怕死，他们越有钱，就越不信上帝，不信灵魂得救的话。他们只是出于对死亡的恐惧，才点起蜡烛，做做祷告，以防万一。穷苦的农民不怕死。人们当着老头子和老奶奶的面说他们活得太久，早该死了，他们听了也没什么。他们也当着尼古拉的面毫无顾忌地对菲奥克拉说，等尼古拉死了，她的丈夫丹尼斯就可以得到照顾－－退役回家了。至于玛丽亚，她不但不怕死，甚至还巴不得早点死才好。她的几个孩子死了，她反倒高兴呢。
他们不怕死，可是对各种各样的病却估计得过于可怕。本来是一些小毛病，如肠胃失调啦，着了点凉啦，老奶奶立即躺到炉台上，捂得严严实实，开始大声地不停地呻吟：“我要一死一啦！”老头子赶紧去请神父，老奶奶就领圣餐，接受临终前的涂圣油仪式。他们经常谈到感冒，蛔虫和硬结，说蛔虫在肚子里闹腾，结成团能堵到心口。他们最怕感冒，所以哪怕夏天也穿得很厚，在炉台上取暖。老奶奶喜欢看病，经常坐车跑医院，在那里说她五十八岁，不说七十岁。照她想，要是医生知道她的实际年龄，就不会给她治病，只会说：她该死了，用不着治了。她通常一清早就动身去医院，再带上两三个小孙女，到了晚上才能回来，又饿又气，给自己带回了药水，给小孙女带回了药膏。有一次她把尼古拉也带去了，后来他一连喝了两周的药水，老说他感觉好些了。
老奶奶认识方圆三十俄里内所有的医师、医士和巫医，可是却没有一个让她满意。在圣母庇护节那一天，神父举着十字架走遍所有的农舍，教堂执事对她说，城里监狱附近住着一个小老头子，做过军队上的医士，医道高明，劝她找他去看病。老奶奶听了他的劝告。等下了头一场雪，她就坐车进城，带回一个小老头子。这人留着大胡子，脸上布满了青筋，穿着长袍，是个皈依正教的犹太人。当时家里正请了几个雇工做事：一个老裁缝戴一副吓人的眼镜用碎布头拼成坎肩，两个年轻小伙子用羊毛搏毡靴。基里亚克因为酗酒丢了差事，现在只好住在家里。他坐在裁缝旁边修理马脖子上的套具。屋子里又挤又闷，有一股臭味。犹太人给尼古拉做完检查，说需要拔罐子放血。
他放上许多罐子。老裁缝、基里亚克和小姑娘们站在一旁看着，他们好像觉得，他们看到疾病从尼古拉身上流出来了。尼古拉自己也瞧着，那些附在胸口的罐子慢慢地充满了浓黑的血，感到当真有什么东西从他身子里跑出去了，于是他高兴得笑了。
“这样行，”裁缝说，“谢天谢地，能见效就好。”
犹太人拔完十二个罐子，随后又放上十二个。他喝足了茶，就坐车走了。尼古拉开始打颤，他的脸瘦下去，用女人们的话说，缩成拳头那么大小了，他的手指发青。他盖上一条被子，再压上一件羊皮袄，但还是觉得越来越冷。傍晚时他难受得叫起来，要他们把他放到地板上，要裁缝别抽烟，随后静静地躺在羊皮袄下面，天不亮就死了。
九
唉，多么严酷、多么漫长的冬季啊！
圣诞节过后，自家的粮食已经吃完，只得去买面粉。基里亚克现在住在家里，每天晚上都要大吵大闹，弄得大家心惊胆战，一到早晨又因头痛和羞愧而痛苦不堪，看他那副模样真叫人可怜。在畜栏里，那头饥饿的母牛日日夜夜不停地眸阵哀叫，叫得老奶奶和玛丽亚的心都碎了。好像是故意为难，一直是冻得树木喀喀响的严寒天气，到处是厚厚的积雪和高高的雪堆，冬天拖得很长。到了报喜节①，还刮了一场真正的冬天的暴风雪，在复活节还下了一场雪。
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①东正教节日，在俄旧历三月二十五日，据说天使于此日告知圣母：耶稣将诞生。
但是不管怎么样，冬天总算过去了。四月初，白天变得暖和起来，夜里依然寒冷。冬天不肯退让，但暖和的春日终于战而胜之，最后，冰雪消融，河水奔流，百鸟齐鸣。河边的整个草场和灌木丛淹没在泛滥的春水中，从茹科沃村直到河对岸成了一片泽国，水面上不时有一群群野鸭振翅飞起飞落。春天的落日如火如茶，映红了满天的彩霞，每天晚上都变出一幅不同往常的新的图景，那样美妙绝伦，日后当你在画面上看到同样的色彩、同样的云朵时，简直就难以置信。
仙鹤飞得很快很快，发出声声哀鸣，似乎在召唤同伴。奥莉加站在斜坡的边上，久久地望着这片泛滥的春水，望着太阳，望着那明亮的、仿佛变年轻了的教堂，她不禁流下了眼泪，激动得喘不过气来。她急切地想离开这里，随便去什么地方，哪怕天涯海角。家里已经决定，让她还回到莫斯科去当女仆，让基里亚克跟她同行，去那里找个看门人或者其他的差事。好啊，快点走吧！
等路变千一些，天气暖和了，她们就动身上路。奥莉加和萨莎每人背着行翼，穿着树皮鞋，天不亮就出发了。玛丽亚出来送她们一程。基里亚克因为身体不好，还得在家再待上一个星期。奥莉加最后一次面对着教堂画十字、默默祷告。她想起了自己的丈夫，但没有哭，只是她的脸皱起来，像老太婆那样难看了。这一冬，她变瘦了，变丑了，头发有点灰白，脸上再没有昔日那种可爱的模样和愉快的微笑，在经受了丧夫之痛以后，只有一种悲哀的听天由命的神情。她的目光有点迟钝、呆板，好像她耳背似的。她舍不得离开这个村子和这些农民。她回想起抬走尼古拉的情景，在一座座农舍旁边都有人做安魂祈祷，大家同情她的悲痛，陪着她哭，在夏天和冬天，经常有一些时日，这些人过得好像比牲口还糟，同他们生活在一起是可怕的。他们粗鲁，不诚实，肮脏，酗酒；他们不和睦，老是吵架，因为他们彼此不是尊重，而是互相害怕、互相猜疑。是谁开小酒馆，把老乡灌醉？农民。是谁挥霍掉村社、学校和教堂的公款，把钱换酒喝了？农民。是谁偷邻居家的东西，纵火，为了一瓶伏特加在法庭上作伪证？是谁在地方自治会和其他会议上头一个出来反对农民？还是农民。确实，同他们生活在一起是可怕的，可是他们毕竟是人，他们跟常人一样也感到痛苦，也哭泣，而且在他们的生活里没有哪件事是不能找到使人谅解的缘由的。沉重的劳动使他们到了夜里就浑身酸痛，严寒的冬天，粮食歉收，住房拥挤，可是没有人帮助他们，哪儿也等不到帮助。那些比他们有钱有势的人是不可能帮助他们的，因为他们自己就粗鲁，不诚实，酗酒，骂起人来照样难听得很。那些小官和地主管家对待农民如同对待流浪汉一样，他们甚至对村长和教堂主持都用“你”相称，自以为有权这样做。至于那些贪财的、吝啬的、放荡的、懒惰的人，他们到农村里来只是为了欺压、掠夺、吓唬农民，哪里还谈得上帮助农民或者树立良好的榜样呢？奥莉加回想起，去年冬天，当基里亚克被拉去用树条体罚时，两位老人的模样是多么可怜而屈辱啊！现在她很可怜所有这些人，为他们难过，所以她一边走，一边频频回头再看看那些小木屋。
送出三俄里，玛丽亚开始告别，随后她跪下来，不住地磕头，大声哭诉起来：
“又剩下我孤零零一人了，我这苦命人啊，多么可怜、多么不幸啊……”
她就这样哭诉了很长时间，奥莉加和萨莎每一回头总能看到她跪在地上，双手抱住头，向着旁边的什么人不住地磕头。在她上空有几只白嘴鸦在盘旋。
太阳高高地升起，天气热起来。茹科沃村远远地落在后头了。走路让人舒畅，奥莉加和萨莎很快就忘了村子，忘了玛丽亚。她们高兴起来，四周的一切都引起她们的兴趣。有时出现一个土岗；有时出现一排电线杆，一根接一根不知伸向何方，最后消失在地平线上，那上面的电线发出神秘的嗡嗡声；有时看到远处绿树丛中有个小村子，从那边飘来一股潮气和大麻的香味，不知怎么让人觉得，那里住着幸福的人们；有时在野地里孤零零地躺着一具马的白骨。云雀不停地婉转啼唱，鹌鹑的叫声此起彼伏，互相呼应，一只秧鸡断断续续发出急促的叫声，仿佛真有人在拉扯旧的铁门环一样。
中午时分，奥莉加和萨莎来到一个大村子。在一条宽阔的街上，她们遇见一个小老头，茹科夫将军的厨子。他感到热，他那汗淋淋的红秃顶在阳光下发亮。他同奥莉加都没有立即认出对方，随后都回过头来对视了一会儿，认出来后一句话没说，又各走各的路了。她们停在一座显得更阔气、更新的木屋前，奥莉加对着敞开的窗子深深地一鞠躬，用委婉的唱歌般的声调响亮地说：
“正教徒啊，看在基督份上，给点施舍吧，求上帝保佑你们，保佑你们的双亲在天国安息。”
“正教徒啊，”萨莎也唱起来，“看在基督份上，给点施舍吧，求上帝保佑你们，保佑你们的双亲在天国……”
一八九七年四月
Moscow Hotel "Slavic mall", a waiter Nicholas Rudge Greig Jie Yefu ill. His lower extremity numbness, difficulty walking, the results of one day, he stumbled in the hallway, together with the tray of ham and peas with the fall of the burning. He had to resign. He went to seek medical attention, and his wife spent their savings, have to support themselves, say it is boring without something to do, so he better make up their minds to go back to his home country. Recuperate at home not only convenient, cost of living will be much more provincial. No wonder the saying goes: "a thousand days at home, good, go out temporary difficulties" it.
"Our family cat can not hear," the girl said, "It's deaf."
Nicholas and Olga look on how to understand life here, but no one say to each other. They quietly put down the package, and quietly walk along the street. Their house is the third entrance to the village, seems to be the poorest, most dilapidated of the. The second is not much, but at the end there is a tin roof, hanging curtains on the windows. This is the solitary house without walls, it is a small restaurant. All the cottages in a row, the small quiet village of Enron, each yard of the willow, elderberry and Huajiao Shu are stuck to the wall, landscape is truly beautiful.
Is this time, church bells rang out, calling people to do all night prayer (this is the eve of Sunday). Slope under the two little girls are carrying a bucket of water, they looked back to the church, Listen to the bell.
At this time, Nicholas's father and mother came home, two old body is generally high, the same weight loss, hunched back, lost teeth. The two women, Maria, and daughter Carly carats, the other side of the landlords in the home during the day workers, this time also came home. Maria is 哥哥基里亚克 wife, six children. Carly carats is the younger brother Johnny's wife, have two children, Johnny is now outside the army. Nicholas into the wooden houses, we see a child who, all these large and small body in the high Banchuang ①, in the cradle, in the corner all the fruit peristalsis, the elderly and women to see how the black bread soaked in water, eat hungrily, this moment he thought that he, a sick person, no money, also dragged the family to return home to be wrong, wrong!
"基里亚克哥哥 Where?" After greeting everyone he asked.
Burned to the customer because of a samovar talent. There was a smell of fish in tea. Gray the rest of the candy is bitten; bread, dishes, there are a lot of cockroaches crawling around. This is not going to drink tea Jiaoren, have we not happy talk - talk talk to, not the poor is a disease. But we have not drank a cup of tea, suddenly came from the yard a loud, prolonged, and drunken shouting.
We remained silent a. Soon, the cry has sounded gruff, very long delay, as issued from the underground to the:
"What are you crying, bastard?" Carly carat her wrist, she is a beautiful woman, the body is sturdy, wide shoulders, "Do not worry, he will not kill you!"
"For Christ's sake, help me, pro-people," Maria said with effort, she was breathing heavily, like being thrown into the ice water, like "help me, which pro-people ..."
Old woman sat quietly, hunched over a hunched back, thinking mind. Carly carat rocking cradle ... ... apparently Jiliyake feel that you can scare people, very proud, they grabbed Maria's hand, dragged her to the door, in order to become more fierce as wild beasts roar up. But this moment suddenly see the presence of guests, it stopped.
"Brother with family back home ... ... so to speak, come from Moscow. Needless to say, Moscow is the capital of ancient times as a city, the mother city of a million ... ... I'm sorry ..."
"Oh, well, family children," she lay down on the hay next to Maria and said, "not painful than tears! Forbearance and tolerance even a Saint book says: 'someone hit you on the right cheek, and even left face also turn to him to play. '① Oh, well, family child! "
Then she whispers to talk in Moscow lengthened sound, talk in their own lives, about how she furnished the apartment when the maid.
"To him!"
Author: Chekhov
"Father down nothing," Maria speak up, "a grandmother can be powerful, the old quarrel with someone. Home-grown food enough to eat the meat section Xie ①, had bought the flour in the Shop, so she would get angry, old, said: You eat too much. "
"Oh, well, family children, forbearance and tolerance even if the Saint is written: 'The people who are weary and burdened, you can come to me.' ②"
Olga spoke stable, lengthened sound Man tune, walking like a pilgrimage, as a woman, fast and urgent. Every day she read "Gospel" as loud as the church who recited prayers, though many places do not understand, but the sacred language she always moved to tears, when she read "if" and "until" this class of words, her heart seems to have stopped beating. Her belief in God, faith Lady, serve God's people of all beliefs. She believes that people can not bully; ordinary matter whether Germans worth mentioning, Gypsies worth mentioning, worth mentioning Jews, the world must not bully anyone. She believed that all animals who do not pity distress sooner or later. She believes these are written in the holy book. So when she read the "Bible", even though not read, her face always showing compassion, touched, and the expression of joy.
They came to the water. There is a woman standing across the river waters, is to undress.
"She do mischief - really incredible!" Mary said again.
Read the Gospel, the crowd suddenly move up, to make way for the landlord family. Came in two wearing white dress, wearing broad-brimmed hat of the girl, followed behind a red fat boy wearing a sailor suit. They increase as the arrival of Olivia moved her glance, they are upper-class educated, noble people. Maria was frowned, sullen, depressed looking at them, if not the people come in, but the devil, if she give way, they will be trampled to death like.
Three
"Ivan MACK Anchorage is my benefactor, I have to ask God to bless him day and night, because thanks to him, I became a decent person."
"My God," a tall old woman, the sister of Ivan Maca tears of Anchorage, said, "his old, my family, now that news is no."
"Last winter, his poor belongings in Aomeng classic, this season I heard he went to work outside of the garden ... he old friends! Past it, often a summer day can take home a dozen rubles, but now business is light everywhere, which he suffered under the old men. "
Old woman and a woman who looked at him to wear shoes in the foot felt, looked at his pale face, sad to say:
"You do not earn people, and Nicolas Rao Xipei odd, is not a money person! Where to line it!"
We all like Sasha. She has been full of old, but looked thin, looked at most only seven years old. One other girl black tan face, hair casually cut, wearing a faded gown. She does, face white, his eyes large and black, hair red ribbon still tied, they are caught in the middle is a little funny, if it were just a little back to catch the wild animal.
"She will be studying it!" Olga looked at her gently, praise Road. "You recite, boy!" She said, and pulled out from the package a "gospel", "Do you recite, read it to those who are followers hear."
"Gospel" is very old, very heavy, sheepskin cover, the book has touched dirty side. There are stocks like the smell of books, like monks came into the room. Sasha raised his eyebrows and began loudly, like a choir-like read it:
"'Angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph a dream, saying, Arise, take the young child with his mother ... ...'"
"With a child with his mother," Olga repeated, her face flushed with excitement.
"'Fled to Egypt, lived there, so I told you ... ... ①'"
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① See "Bible Mada Fu tone" Chapter XIII.
Hear the "other" words, Olga could not help, crying uncontrollably. Maria looked she sobbed sobbing, and then is followed by Ivan's sister Maca Anchorage tears. Old man unable to cough, to roll and looking for pieces of small gift for his granddaughter, but nothing was found, had waved forget. The book finished, the neighbors scattered to go home, one was deeply moved, to Olga and Sasha satisfied.
Because this day is a holiday, stay at home all day long the whole family. Old woman, regardless of her husband, daughter, or grandchildren have called her grandmother, put everything to be hands-on, personal health stove, burning samovar in person, even in the afternoon to go and milk the cows, then do not complain about the residence, said she was dry quickly exhausted. She always worried about people eating more at home, fearing the old man and daughter who do not idle work. She heard from time to time, a group of geese Shop home boss like drilling her from behind home vegetable garden, so she picked up a long pole, and quickly ran out of the house, the guarding skinny like her, too tired of cabbage, not Xieqi to a half an hour on Lianhan. Sometimes she seems to me like a crow came for her chicks, while she scolded, while rushed towards the crow. She was angry from morning to night, Hey 00, carrying voice shouting at every turn, which makes the street could not help but stop.
She is very kind to her old man, was not called him Lazy Bones, he is called a nuisance. He is not serious, and unreliable farmer, if it is always urging her to catch him, I am afraid he is not really what the living do, all day sitting on the hob gossip. His endless talk of his son, better enemies, neighbors complained that he was bullied by every day, listening to him is really boring.
① Orthodox festival, in the Russian lunar calendar September 14.
Because this day is a holiday, they bought the pub from a herring, boil a pot of fish head soup. Before noon we drink tea, drink a lot of time sweating head straight drink, tea seems to stretch the stomach. After that began to drink soup, we would drink a jar. As for the fish body, grandmother was hiding.
She was surprised that those who curse words can be continuous, but the most vicious yelled, his voice is definitely the biggest old man who is about people. But listening to children and Guniang Jia was ignoring, apparently they heard in the cradle used to.
"Mary - Mary - Asia!" Jiliyake shouted.
"I - I love - wild flowers!" The old man suddenly shrill tenor singing, "I - I love - to the wild - pick the flowers!"
Grandmother to stay in the vegetable garden Sasha, guarding the cabbage, do not let harm come geese. Have a hot August day. The goose pub landlord family often got into the garden from the back, but now they are doing serious things: pecking around in the pub oats, amicably chatting with, only one raised his head high in the gander, it seems to look the old woman is not holding a pole came up. Other geese may also come from the lower slope, but the group of feeding geese across the river at the moment, out in the green pastures on a long white line. Sasha stood for a moment, I feel very boring to see geese do not come, went to the edge of a steep slope.
"Clock - Building - also - fly?" Mo whispered Yiziyidun season card.
"You looked at the sky, do not blink, you can see angels."
"Invisible," Mo whispered season card.
"Granny must have been burning it?"
"More fun ah!" Sasha said happily.
She saw two little girls, they dropped the pole, picked up a dry branch, out of skinny, stiff, like a hook-like fingers around Sasha's neck, began to beat her. Sasha pains and scared, crying now, this moment would only gander craned his neck, an old woman rocking pendulum to come to him, and rattle roar for a while, when it turned to rejoin, all goose appreciation Welcome to it: a Ga Ga Ga one! Then beat Mo grandmother waving tree season card trick, this next season card tunic and gave Mo lift up. Sasha was heartbroken, crying back to the house, would like to tell wronged. Mo quarter cards behind her, and burst into tears, but she's crying deep, and not tears, her tearful face, like she had just her face into the water like a bubble.
"Never mind, it does not matter!" Olga pale, distraught, while stroking Sasha's head, side to comfort her, "she is your grandmother, grandmother raw gas is sin. It does not matter, boy."
"Come on you lying on the hob so go die, your ghost this disease!" Carly carat yell at him fiercely, "real hell, eat the bread of idleness who told you back now?"
"Ao Liya ①, my dear, I'm not stay here no longer, I exhausted. For God's sake, to see Christ in God sake, you give your sister Clough quarter Yaebola Karimov Na write a letter and let her put all her things are sold, when, and sent her the money, that we leave here. ah, God, "he continued bitterly," even if I look at a Moscow is also good! even if I could dream of Moscow is good too, dear! "
Dusk approaching, more and more dark cabin, we worry valve speechless. Angry old lady to love the hard shell breaking off pieces of rye bread in the bowl after the bubble, and then into his mouth slowly chewing, eating almost an hour. Maria finished squeezing the milk, carrying buckets of milk came in, put it on the bench. Grandmother then poured into a bucket of milk in the jar only, deliberately done for a long time. Obviously she was very pleased, because now is the Feast of the Assumption ② fasting period, no Hing drink milk, the milk you have left. She is only down to a small dish, a little, leaving Carly carat baby to drink. Later, she and Maria into a jar just to go to the cellar. Mo quarter card suddenly jumped up, climb down from the stove, went to the bench in front, picked up the dishes, crusty bread to soak bird's throwing a little wooden bowl of milk.
Grandmother returned to the house, they reach for their own bowls to eat them. Sasha and Mo quarter card sitting hob looking grandmother, felt very happy: This time she Kaihun, and only later into hell. They get comfort, you lie down to sleep. Sasha is about to fall asleep, you can still imagine the Last Judgement: a pottery kiln, as big as the stove where the fire raging, there is a head with horns like cattle, covered with black devil, holding a long pole to grandmother to catch fire, just in time as her own goose.
"Fire! Fire!" Here came the hoarse cries of, "the village on fire!"
① a Russian husband is equal to two thousand one hundred twenty-three meters.
Maria anxious in front of the house himself round and round. She was crying, rubbing his hands, scared teeth chattered, though the fire still a long way, the other side of the village. Nicholas wearing Valenki out house, the kids have come out wearing a close tunic. Patrol cabin in the countryside near someone beat the iron. Dangdang's voice resounded through the night sky. This rapid iron endless sound confused in his heart aches, chills. Some grandmothers were all standing holding icons. All the sheep, calves and cows are people from the yard to the street boom, many cages, cooked sheep and barrel are moved out. A coat color black stallion, usually hold it into the horses, because it kicked another old horse, this moment has put out. It is a hoarseness Ming, horseshoe was too, in the village a Lianpao two back, and suddenly stopped near the vehicle in a large, hard kick with hind legs that car.
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Binge drinking in the pub just the farmers who carried the fire to the machine. They are drunk, stumbling from time to time, stumbled, eyes with tears, a helpless expression.
"Good for you, Ann quarter general!" Some people praised, "Come on ah!"
Many farmers stood, not doing anything, looked at the fire in a daze. Who do not know what to do, it will not do, and all around the grain pile, hay, plate shelf and pyre. Jiliyake and the old man Aoxi Pu also stood inside, both with a drunk. Like to justify their stand, the old man said to the woman lying on the ground:
"Is that the little old man to take the burden, General Zhukov family servant ... he used to cook the family silver in general, like the general's soul in heaven in the evening to my house said:" I stay here Zhuyi Ye ... 'Well, Needless to say, so the two of us to drink a small cup of ... ... busy students samovar old woman, old man would like to drink tea, but the bad luck together, she samovar into the porch, the chimney has been thrust into the roof of Mars, point of the hay, which, under an accident and we almost did not to burn. the old man's hat burned, sin ah. "
"They are not allowed to dismantle the house," the crowd came the harsh cry, "No!"
"George!" Two girls to blame, anxiety shouted to him, "George!"
"You do come from Moscow?" A lady asked.
"Thank God, sir, thanks to no wind," he told students that "takes only an hour or else it will burn to the cleaners. Lord, your heart is good," he Yadisangyin, embarrassed added: "Early in the morning is good Cold? ... You really want to warm up good enough to reward a few corners RBI drink. "
"They Budehaosi!" Sleep drowsily Carly carat fiercely.
"I'd like to look at what you eat here, the nobility of Moscow!" She often gloat that "I'd like to take a look!"
She picked up a pole, a hit in Olga's shoulder, surprised to have two wives clap exclaimed:
Day later, followed by the long autumn nights. Cabin in the winding wire. Everyone to get, in addition to Ophelia carat: she went across the river to go. This wire is from the neighborhood to a nearby factory, the family relied on to earn some money - one week twenty kopecks.
Only point of a small house lights dim light, the wick smoking. If a small light was blocked, there is a vast shadows fall on the window, then you can see the bright moonlight. Ao Xipu old man calmly about the liberation of serfs before ① people how to live. He said, in this area where the days are over now too bored, too poor, I remember when lords often with dogs, Ling * (right-left is anti-dog) ② professional hunters and hunting, hunting time, farmers all drink of vodka. Vehicle after the vehicle was killed wild birds on to a small club in Moscow there. He also said that evil serf be punished, to endure the tree of the whip, but also banished to the territory taken in Tver hereditary serfs; kind of serfs rewarded. Grandmother also say a few memories. She did remember. She talked about his hostess, said she good-natured, adherence to religious rules, but the husband is a drinker and dandy. Said that she had three daughters, and God knows what kind of people are married: one married to an alcoholic, another married man in the street, and the third ran away (grandmother was very young, the busy lady also helped). The three of them died soon have sadness, with their mother, think of them, grandmother or even sobbing a few times.
② one kind of run particularly fast hounds.
Come a little bald old man, is that General Zhukov burned hat cook. He sat down, listening, and then began recollection of events, talk in a variety of stories. Nicholas sat hob, two legs hanging, listening, always among gentlemen of that year he eat what food. They talked about the deep-fried meat pie, steak, soup and a variety of condiments. The memory is also very good cook, he also cited some of the dishes do not have, for example, there is a dish made with cow eyes, the name of "morning wake up."
Nicholas shook his head, blame, said:
Then we lie down quietly to sleep. Elderly confused by those who long time ago distracted, excited, think of young wonderful. Youth, no matter what, always in people's memories stay vivid, happy, and moving impression. As for death, it was not far off, but it is so terrible and merciless - best not to think about it! Lamp goes out. Dark Ye Hao, Ye Hao moonlit two small window, quiet Ye Hao, Ye Hao cradle of crunching sound, I do not know what the reason all the old people think of their life is over, the young never come back ... ... They just have to hazy sleep, suddenly it was bumper to your shoulder, his face blown breath, sleep all disappeared immediately, feel numb body, the idea of all the dead brain drilled straight. Turn over to sleep - forget the dead things down, but the mind is full of poverty, feed, flour prices, and so long people worry about, worry about things. After a child, could not help but think again: life is over, never come back ... ...
"Who is it?" Olga cried.
"Nonsense those guys across the river, stripped my clothes just to let me come back ..." she said, "I had to go home naked, when it was like the birth. Quick to get me to wear to the point."
In fact, the grandmother has to worry about in throat up, old man asked: "Who's there?" Olga own shirt and skirt, went out to help Carly carat wear, and then they tried silently closed the door, light hands and feet went into the cabin light.
Room and calm down. The family has always been sleep is not practical: the kind of entanglement, escape the anguish prevent each of them sleep: those who head back pain, full of anxiety and angry grandmother, Maria fear, the children scabies, itching, stomach old hungry. They are also disturbed in his sleep at the moment: they continue to stand up, talking in your sleep, get up and drink water.
Looking at the window, it is difficult to make out what it is moonlight, or has dawn. Maria got out of the house after, you can hear her in the yard milking, from time to time, said: "stand!" Grandmother was also out. The house is still dark, but all things are revealed.
Nicholas could not sleep the night, climb down from the mantel. He a little green box out his tuxedo, wear to the body, went to the window, and kept flat with the palm of your hand sip sleeves, and stretch stretch Hou Jin. He laughed. Then he carefully took off his coat, incorporated into the box, went to lay down.
Maria returned to the house, start health stove. She apparently has not fully awake, and now walked as slowly wake up. What she dreamed about, or thought of last night's story, so she stretched comfortably in front of the stove, said:
"No, or free Well!"
Seven
To the classic car - village people are so called district police chief. When will he come, why come to a week before we know. Ruke Wo village, only forty families, but they owe the tax bureau official and local self-government has accumulated more than two thousand.
District police chief, first stopping for a rest in the tavern, he was "show up" drink two cups of tea, then walk to the village home, a group out of the house tax arrears have been waiting for the farmers. Village Chang'an quarter Puxiejieli Kafelnikov although very young - he was only early thirties - is very severe, always speak to help the higher, in fact, he is also very poor and can not pay taxes on time. Obviously he was very pleased when the mayor, like realize that they have the power, this power is tough, and he did not know what else can show the power. Village meeting, and we are afraid of him, by his final say. Sometimes, in the street or around the pub, he would suddenly loud Hechi directed at a drunk, tied his hands, put him into the detention room. Once he even grandmother are closed day and night, because she will be replaced by Ao Xipu to open the village, is still at the squalling. He did not lived in the city, has never read the book, but he did not know from where did you get a lot of esoteric words children, like the one used in conversation with, for which he highly respected villagers, although people do not understand What does it mean.
Ao Xipu tax book with his home village into the cabin. District police chief, a thin old man, gray Lianbinhuzi build very long, wearing a gray uniform, was sitting beside the table what to write ① attendance. Clean room, four walls were plastered with torn from the magazine's colorful picture card. In the icon next to the most prominent place, hanging from the former Bulgarian portrait of Grand Duke Batten Baker ②. Village Chang'an quarter Puxiejieli Kafelnikov hands crossed across their chests, standing at the table.
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① Russian farmhouse, where the icon on top.
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② Batten Baker (one thousand eight hundred fifty-seven - one thousand eight hundred ninety-three), the German Prince, 1879 Prince of any Bulgarian, pro-German and Austrian forces in 1886 to send military officers in the pro-Russian pressure, forced abdication.
"Your honor, he owes one hundred and nineteen rubles," turn Aoxi Pu, he said, "before Easter he paid a ruble, pay to play from that day on no greater than a penny."
Aoxi Pu District police chief raised his eyes, asked:
"This is why, fellow?"
"Please show mercy, sir," Ao Xipu said excitedly, "Let me say a few words, Liu Tuo Lieci first year the lords of the village said to me: 'Ao Xipu, sell your hay sold me right ... ... 'how not? I sell out of a hundred Pood hay are cut on the number of gossips in the pasture. OK, we negotiated a good price ... ... Originally, consensual ... "
"I do not get out of it!"
"Go."
Village to take significant steps, going very fast; grandmother Tuozhuo Bei, anger, Fucking, panting, stumbled after him, he dropped her scarf on his shoulders, a pale green glow white hair in the wind in flying. She suddenly stopped, like a real rioters, fists could not help crying, prolonged tone, shouting louder, wailing cry together:
Without the samovar, the home of Chiquimula Lijie Aliyev became very boring. Samovar was taken away, this is undignified, unbecoming things, like the family's reputation, like sweeping the floor suddenly. If the mayor took a table and stools, take away all the bottles and jars Dao Yehao some, in that case, some of the room will appear empty. They called grandmother, Maria cry, all they are also looking at the little girl cry wah-wah. The hearts of the old man felt ashamed, dejected in the corner sat silent. Nicholas nothing to say. Grandmother has hurt him, poor him, but forget the compassionate moment, suddenly kept shouting at him, censure, against his face could not shake a fist. She loudly denounced, that was all his fault, still bragging letter, saying that the "Slavic mall" leading fifty rubles a month, can actually give the money remitted is very little, this is why? Why he came home, but also with a family? If he died, to bury him where to get money? ... ... Nicholas, Olga and Sasha looks like child looks really poor.
① Bulgarian Grand Batten Beck hung like an icon next to Ao Xipu busy in the wrong.
"I do not get out of it!"
Tanning black body at the moment the mayor, looked like a shaman. He turned to Aoxi Pu, right quick and severe:
Days later, the district police chief again, and sat for an hour, and later by car away. Those days, wind and cold, the river had frozen, no snow down under, but the difficult road to go, and everyone worried. One day, a festive evening, the neighbors house to Ao Xipu sit and chat. They are talking in a dark room, because the festival should not work, so there is no lighting. Press down a few pieces, but are we not happy. Such as two or three families were arrested and bonded cock, to the town hall, where he died, because no one to feed them. As another example, there are a few to give away the sheep, and they tied up the sheep, mounted on the cart away, each to a village on a cart for the results of a sheep died of suffocation. There is now a question unanswered: Who had germanium? The blame?
They arrears, oppressed, poor harvests, and so all things food are blamed on local self-government Council, although I do not know who their local self-government in the Board is how it was. The origin of this situation has been a long time. Some wealthy farmers had opened their own factories, Shop and inn, when local self-government on the Council, has always been disgruntled and, subsequently, in their own factory and shop in local self-cursed Bureau.
"Local Self-Government Authority!" Ao Xipu dejectedly said, "do not blame it to blame!"
Old man does not believe in God, so he almost never wanted him. He acknowledged the wonderful things, but he thought such things only with the woman. Some people talk about religion or in front of him a miracle of such things, what kind of questions put to him, he always scratched his scalp, not willing to answer:
"Our Lady of Kazan Goddess, Smolensk Virgin Goddess, three-arm the Virgin Goddess ..."
"God bless me!"
① Orthodox festival, in the Russian lunar calendar July 2.
"Protection of God, the Virgin Goddess! To protect God!"
Prayer of Thanksgiving, but analysis done, the icon and carried away. All restored to their original, pub drunk came when the rude not cry.
They are not afraid of death, but for a variety of disease was estimated too terrible. Could have been some small problems, gastrointestinal disorders, such as friends, with the point of cool friends, grandmother immediately lay hob, cover tightly and began moaning loudly constantly: "I want one man killed it!" Rush to please the old man Father, grandmother to receive Holy Communion, St. James to accept death before the oil ceremony. They often talked about colds, worms, and induration, that naughty worms in the stomach, forming groups to block the chest. They are most afraid of cold, so even if summer is to wear very thick, warm in the oven stage. Granny likes to see a doctor, often go to the hospital by car, where she said 58, did not say 70. As she thought, if the doctors know her actual age, do not give her medical treatment, would only say: She damn, do not need a cure. She usually leave early in the morning to the hospital, and then put twenty-three little granddaughter, to be back at night, hungry, angry, and give ourselves back to the syrup, cream back to the little granddaughter. Once she has brought to Nicholas, then he drank a week-day medicine, old says he feels better now.
"This line," the tailor said, "Thank God, like bear fruit."
Oh, how harsh, how long winter ah!
① Orthodox festival, the lunar calendar in Russia March 25, said the angel told the Virgin this day: Jesus will be born.
Some one thousand other way change the weather warms up, they would leave the road. Olga and Sasha each carrying a line of wings, wearing a shoe tree, _set_ off before dawn. Maria came out to send them a ride. Jiliyake because of poor health, had to be at home again last week. Olga last faced the church sign of the cross, praying silently. She thought of her husband, but did not cry, but her face wrinkled up, as an old woman so ugly. This winter, she was thin, and ugly, a little gray hair, his face no longer looks like the old kind of cute and pleasant smile, endured the pain of bereavement in the future, only a sad look of resignation. Her eyes a bit slow, stiff, as if her ear like. She was reluctant to leave the village and the farmers. She carried away Nicholas recalled the scene, in a seat beside the farmhouse there are people who do requiem prayer, we sympathize with her grief, cried with her, in summer and winter, often have some time, these people like flies worse than animals, living together with them is terrible. They are rude, dishonest, dirty, alcohol; they do not live, always fight, not because they respect each other, but mutual fear and mutual suspicion. Who opened the tavern, the fellow drunk? Farmers. Who is wasted village, schools and churches of public funds, the money for a drink? Farmers. Neighbor who is stealing things, arson, a bottle of vodka for perjury in court? Who is on top of local self-government and other meetings held out against a peasant? Or farmers. Indeed, living together with them is terrible, but they are after all, they feel pain the same as with ordinary people, also crying, but also in their lives where things are not understanding the reason people can not find the. Heavy work to the night on their aching muscles, cold winter, crop failure, crowded housing, but no one to help them, where can not wait to help. Those rich and powerful than they are impossible to help them, because they own it rude, dishonest, alcoholism, blaming liberal and still ugly very. Officer in charge of the small and home treatment to treat farmers as homeless, they even hosted on the mayor and the church are using "you" match, thinking that the right to do so. As for those greedy, stingy, dissolute, lazy people who come to the countryside only to oppress, plunder, frighten the farmers, where farmers still talk about or help _set_ a good example of it? Olga recall, last winter, when Jiliyake pulled to a tree of corporal punishment, the two old people look how pathetic and humiliating ah! Now she is all these poor people for their sad, so she walked as he turned back again to see those cabins.
Thus she Kusu for a long time, Olga and Sasha each can always see her back knees, his hands held her head toward what the people do not live next to kowtow. There are a few of her over the rook in the circle.
"Orthodox, ah, for Christ's sake, to the point of charity it, ask God to bless you, bless your parents rest in peace in heaven."
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请给我换一个看看！ 拜托，快把噪音停掉！我读累了，想听点音乐或者请来支歌曲！
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