群星荟萃 》 我的父亲 My father 》
我的父亲 My father
马东 Ma Dong
My father
——谈马季
·马东·
十月底打电话回北京家里，听说我父亲可能十二月随一个演出团来澳访问演出，我心里掠过一阵慌张的兴奋，满以为肯定能在澳洲见他一面了。直到最近几天又听说这事触礁了，正琢磨着“好事多磨”这词儿安慰自己的时候，《华联时报》的一位编辑先生来电话，死活让我写一篇关于我父亲的东西。我答应了，可是心里清楚这不是好写的文字。中国古来就有避讳的传统，唐朝鬼才诗人李贺为避“晋肃”的父讳，连“进士”都不敢去考。今人虽不至如此，但对于儿子来说，完全客观地评价父亲，始终不是件容易的事。
我父亲马季，原名马树槐，一九三三年生于北京，三十五岁和我母亲结婚，一九六八年底我出生在哈尔滨。
生我时父亲正在挨斗，母亲只能回姥姥家去生我。我六十天时，被母亲用十几层毡毯被褥包着到了北京。父亲乍见之下，惊为庞然大物。后来剥茧抽丝，层层破译，我图穷匕见时，他对我的第一句评价是：“怎么就枣核儿那么大！”不久后，他去东北嫩江干校了。母亲因为是部队的文艺兵，随队演出也是四处走，我只能寄养在别人家里，直到两岁多。再见到父亲时我已经会叫人了，但特别“怵窝子”，躲在别人腿后面叫了他一声“叔叔”。等我长大了听人说，我那声“叔叔”差点儿把他的眼泪叫下来。我半信半疑，也没问——没敢问。
我虽然是独子，可是童年跟父亲在一起的日子并不多。在我的印象中，他一年里总要有十个月在外地，逢年过节不在家更是经常的事。家里的人都习惯了，他自己也乐此不疲，因为到外地演出、写作、深入生活等等就是他的事业，他的乐趣。
父亲从小家境并不好。祖父早逝，兄弟姐妹四人的生活全靠奶奶一人支撑，不得已大伯和我父亲读完“高小”就出去当学徒。大伯去了天津，其后娶妻生子，就在天津“扎根儿”了。父亲到上海一去五年，学徒虽没有学到什么，但是他独立的生活从那时就开始了。回到北京正值解放，他重入学校，读完了初中。一九五一年，他考进了北京市新华书店，先后在王府井，海淀等多个分店工作。也就是从那时开始，他在文艺方面的天赋逐渐显露在业余生活中。
相声当时刚刚从天桥的酒馆茶棚中走进正规的剧场，旧时代的艺人们也经过政府的“整编”结束了长期不稳定的卖艺生涯。其中的佼佼者如白凤鸣先生、侯宝林先生、刘宝瑞先生、郭启儒先生、郭全宝先生等都进了广播文工团说唱团。文工团是隶属于当时的中央广播事业局，是以供应电台的广播节目为主要工作的。相声作为一种北方传统的曲艺形式从难登大雅之堂一跃而通过广播向全国播放，其中重新整理传统节目、去糟粕、取精华的工作是很繁重的。前述的几位艺术大师在这方面起了很关键的作用，使相声作为老少咸宜，喜闻乐见的娱乐节目，在全国范围内迅速普及开了。
我不能确定是受这种普及的影响，还是以前父亲就“钟情”于相声，但他在这方面的天赋是无可否认的。在新华书店工作之余，他开始了相声写作和表演的尝试。一九五六年的全国业余文艺调演对于父亲的一生是一个重要的转折点。他在那次调演中获得了一等奖，同时他的才华也被许多行家发现，其中最主要的是已故相声表演艺术大师侯宝林先生。侯先生的盛赞和收徒的愿望，为父亲进入广播说唱团这个曲艺界第一流的专业团体铺平了道路。但是据父亲说，他在当时是有选择余地的。同时招他的还有煤矿文工团，而父亲较倾向于后者，原因是煤矿文工团都是年轻人，有朝气，相比之下广播说唱团都是些老艺人，江湖气浓。对于一个二十二岁的人来说，有此想法是很自然的事。但他如果真地进了“煤矿”，也许就没有后来的马季了。
进了广播说唱团，一切完全不一样了。相声象许多中国传统的艺术形式一样，没有固定的教授方法，很多传统节目根本没有底稿和录音，完全是靠师傅口授加上学生自己的理解和表演中的经验积累，逐步摸索出来的。也正是这种方法，才使很多节目经过几代人的推敲和完善，千锤百炼，成为真正的精品。想学会这种段子，就只有向掌握作品的前辈悉心求教。父亲在这方面就天时（四九年解放在一定程序上打破了传统的师承观念和门户界限）、地利（能就近求教于如此多的前辈名家）、人和（父亲自身的素质和勤奋）之便，事业上突飞猛进。
行文至此，我想起了一个经常被人问到的问题：
“你父亲到底是不是侯宝林先生的徒弟？”
“当然是！”除去知遇之恩不说，从侯先生的艺术思想到作品的继承、从侯派相声清新、高雅的舞台风格的因循、从父亲作为四九年后新一代相声演员承上启下的位置、和从北方相声流派的传承脉络来看，我父亲毫无疑问是侯先生的嫡传弟子。
天才很多时候需要通过勤奋来体现，我父亲在他的事业上是一个勤奋的天才。当时我家住在西城马相胡同，说唱团就在石碑胡同，两地相距不到一公里，骑自行车就几分钟的路，可是父亲在团里排练和搞创作，经常几个月才回一趟家，落了奶奶很多埋怨。经过几年的学习和实践，父亲打下了很好的基础。对于传统节目的熟悉，对于说、学、逗、唱四门基本功的掌握，对于触类旁通的其他曲艺形式的了解，他在同一代人中都是首屈一指的。
如果把五十年代看作新旧相声的分水岭，那么新相声最大的特点是作品的创作。父亲在掌握传统的表演技巧后，大胆地将这些技巧加进了他自己的创作中。据我所知，父亲的处女作应该是一个叫“打篮球”的相声，即使用今天的眼光来看，作为处女作“打篮球”也是很成功的。其后一九五八年他写的“英雄小八路”、五九年的“找舅舅”、六一年的“登山英雄赞”、六三年的“画像”、六四年的“三比零”，就象一个个脚印，标志了他成功的道路。这些相声经电台播出后风行一时，脍炙人口，马季的名字也变得家喻户晓。与此同时，父亲自己的风格也逐渐确立，他主张相声讽刺与歌颂并举，创立了歌颂型相声的美学原则，这一突破为相声的进步和发展贡献良多。老舍先生一九六一年发表在《人民日报》上的“健康与笑声”中曾预言：以他（指父亲）的才力，若能不断提高思想文化，他的成就是未可限量的。
假如没有“文化大革命”，中国的历史会改写，许多中国人的命运会不一样。但假设历史是荒唐的。“文革”毕竟改变了那一代人的命运，我父亲也不例外。市井中流传着一种说法，说我父亲在“文革”中是造反派，这说法不知源于何人，起自何时，却是百分之百的谬误。“文革”六六年开始时，全国各单位都在成立“革命委员会”，最初的组成也是各单位的领导人物。我父亲当时是业务尖子，被委以副主任之职，他还没有完全搞清楚这“副主任”管什么事的时候，就刮起了打击刘少奇反动路线的风。这时候说唱团才出现了真正的造反派，我父亲象许多在位者一样，成了理所当然的打击目标，被冠以“反革命修正主义分子”、“白专道路的代言人”的帽子。但是这比起其后的大批斗还算是“和风细雨”。我母亲就是在这时候经人介绍认识我父亲的。当介绍人向我母亲提起马季的时候，母亲凭听广播得来的印象问：“那不是老头子吗？”
他们的第一次约会是父亲带母亲去看批判他的大字报。在当时文工团的所在地——粉楼，大字报铺天盖地，给母亲留下很深印象。我后来一直认为父亲这招很高明，一种绝妙的浪漫，一种“是真名士自风流”的浪漫。
从他们结婚到生我，父亲都是在被批斗中渡过的。母亲抱着那个“特大号”的我从哈尔滨回到北京，父亲想请一天假到车站接我们，结果只被批准半天，下午他依旧回单位接受“帮助”。很多人以为“文革”时喷气式的批斗大会不会被用在我父亲这个年龄的一代人身上，在这一点上，父亲可能是个例外。除了他个人的专场批斗会外，他也常“荣幸”地被“邀请”在别人的批斗会上出席陪绑。他后来也常说他的第一场“专场晚会”是在文革中而非以后的一九八八年。
我父亲一共去过两个干校，第一个是在黑龙江省嫩江地区，后因林彪一号文件，全部撤回关内，重设在河南淮阳地区。当时中直机关的干校农场都在那一带，史称“关内第一大场”。相声是“四旧”，不许说，很多和他一起去干校的演员都以为这辈子再也干不了本行了。可是父亲相信总有一天相声能回到舞台上。七三年从河南回到北京，他立即开始继续他的创作。那时的环境可想而知，凡文艺作品必须以“三突出”为原则。父亲在文革中的第一个作品“友谊颂”，写成之后修改了七个月，勉强通过了上面的审查，但电台还是不敢播，因为文革以来从没有播过相声。一个极偶然的机会，八一电影制片厂拍摄“五一”的纪录片，其中摄取了七分钟“友谊颂”的片段，姚文元在审片时只说：可以吧。纪录片放了，电台的人才敢在广播中放录音。父亲的三个作品“友谊颂”、“山鹰”、“海燕”是文革中仅有的相声，也是那个年代仅有的笑声，直到今天，还有不知就里的年轻人认为相声是从“友谊颂”以后才有的。
随着“四人帮”的倒台，相声在全国范围内掀起了一个高潮，“舞台风雷”、“新桃花源记”等都是观众耳熟能详的段子。一九七七年在人民大会堂的国宴上，叶圣陶老人兴冲冲地端着酒杯走到我父亲桌前祝酒，连声夸赞“新桃花源记”：“马季呀，相声就是要写这样的。好！有知识，有意思！来，祝你成功！……”电视进入每一个家庭，对于公众人物的形象深入人心起了至关重要的作用。而这段时间也正是我父亲在他事业上走向完全成熟的时期。八十年代以来他佳作纷呈，舞台表演也渐入炉火纯青之境。八三年开始的春节晚会尤其令人印象深刻，八五年全国十大笑星评选中他名列榜首，八八年为纪念他舞台生活卅年而举办了“马季相声作品演出会”，在全国进行巡回演出，盛况空前。九十年代他的十几名弟子在苏州举行“谢师会”，在文艺界传为佳话。
妙语如涛动遐迩
三分入木寓欢哗
燃犀烛怪长瘐笔
炼石补天学女娲
这是著名画家范曾题赠我父亲的一首诗。卅五年来，我父亲创作大小三百多个相声作品，门人弟子中有姜昆、赵炎、冯巩、刘伟、黄宏……活跃在各种舞台上。他自己则依然在不断的创新中，他的艺术生涯还没有画上句号。
公众人物的意思往往是被公众关心和议论的人物，舞台上的父亲带给观众笑声，生活中的他却经常遇上烦恼。他每次出门总是被路人认出，认出后就是“中国特色”的围观。其实所有人都是出于好奇和喜欢——这马季到底和电视上长得一样不一样？但谁也不想这些“好心”都集中在一个人身上时，就够他受的了。我来澳洲前几天，父亲想带我去西单买衣服，车停在胡同里，他刚出胡同没有十米就让人围起来了，东西没买成，回到车里他对我说这是他十五年来第一次来西单。我们家就更甭提了，只要父亲在家，就总是人流不断，从早上十点到晚上十二点。其中有朋友、同行、他的学生、同事、认识的、不认识的，什么人都有，还有很多是从外地来北京找父亲学相声的。就连广播电视部门口站岗值勤的武警都知道我们家地址。一有人找马季，立刻往我们家赶，中饭晚饭常常是一大桌人。说起这些，我就觉得我母亲很了不起，她是中国唱片公司的音乐编辑，兼顾自己事业的同时，还得帮父亲料理里里外外。另外就是社会上流传的各种流言蜚语，今天马季倒卖黄金了，明天走私让人抓起来了……开始的时候，家里人还真着急，时间一长全都见怪不怪了。也许这些都是名人的代价。
很多人问我：“你有没有跟你爸爸学说相声？”我回答说：“没有。”的确没有。父母从小就不让我往这圈子里进，也压根儿没想让我干这行。可是生活在这样的家庭里，耳濡目染的，多少受了些薰陶。冯巩以前对我说：你早晚得干这行。会否被他不幸而言中呢？只有天知道。
中国古语说：父母在，不远游。我不是个孝子，作为独生子不能陪在父母身边。七年前我只身来澳，临行前夜，父亲给我讲了他十三岁去上海学徒的经历作为临别赠言。我理解他的良苦用心。七年来我在澳洲一事无成，每思及此，终有愧为人子之感。
寒夜将尽，东方既白。无论父亲这次来澳能否成行，相信我不久就可以见到他了。□摘自澳大利亚《华联时报》
徐名扬供稿
- On the Season
* Ma Dong
My father racing season, formerly known as Ma Shuhuai, born in Beijing in 1933, thirty-year-old and my mother married, the end of 1968 I was born in Harbin.
Although I was an only child, was my childhood days together with his father not many. In my mind, he always has ten months of the year in the field, not at home on holidays is often a matter. People are accustomed to at home, he happily, as to the field performances, writing, depth of life, and so is his career, he's fun.
Small family my father is not good. Grandfather died young, depends entirely on the lives of four brothers and sisters, one grandmother support, uncle and my father was forced to read "upper primary" to go out as an apprentice. Uncle went to Tianjin, then get married and have children, in Tianjin, "root children" of the. Father went to Shanghai for a five-year, apprentices, although not learn anything, but since then his independent life begins. Back to Beijing coincided with the liberation, he re-enter school, finished junior high school. 1951, he was admitted to the Beijing Xinhua Bookstore, has in Wangfujing, Haidian, and other outlets work. That is, since then, his literary talent for gradually emerged in the amateur life.
Drafting this point, I thought often been asked a question:
"Your father is not Mr. Hou Baolin in the end the apprentice?"
"Of course!" Remove helping his career did not say, from Hou's works of art thought to inherit, from the comic Hou send fresh, elegant style, follow the stage, as in 2049 from his father after the location of a new generation of comic actors nexus , and the comic genre from the heritage context of the north point of view, there is no doubt my father's heir to Mr. Hou.
Genius often need to be embodied through hard work, my father in his career is a hard-working talent. At that time I lived in West Side alley Ma, rap groups in stone alley, two less than a kilometer away, the road bike for a few minutes, but the father in the regiment, and Gao Chuangzuo rehearsal, only a few months back to visit often home, down a grandmother many complain. After several years of study and practice, his father laid a good foundation. Familiar with the traditional program, for that, science, funny, singing four basic skills of the master, for the analogy of other folk art forms of understanding, he in the same generation are second to none.
If the fifties as a watershed in the old and new comic, the new feature is the greatest comic works of creation. Father in control of the traditional performing skills, the bold will add these skills into his own creation. As far as I know, the father's debut should be called "playing basketball" cross-talk, using today's point of view, as a debut, "playing basketball" is also very successful. Subsequently in 1958 he wrote "Hero Little Eight", 2059's "looking for uncle," 2061's "climbing like a hero," 2063's "Portrait", 2064's "three to zero ", as one step, marking his path to success. The comic was broadcast through the radio became popular, famous, racing season has become a household name. At the same time, the father gradually established his own style, his comic irony and praise both advocated the creation of a song type of comic's aesthetic principles, the breakthrough for the cross talk contribution to the progress and development. Lao She in 1961 published in the "People's Daily" on the "health and laughter" had predicted: in him (father) wit, if we can constantly improve the ideological and cultural achievements are yet to know his limits .
If there is no "Cultural Revolution", China's history will be rewritten and the fate of many Chinese people would be different. But suppose history is absurd. "Cultural Revolution", after all, has changed the fate of his generation, my father is no exception. Marketplace in circulating a statement saying that my father in the "Cultural Revolution" is a rebel, I do not know from whom this argument, starting from the time, but it is one hundred percent false. "Cultural Revolution" began in 2066 when the units are _set_ up across the country, "Revolutionary Committee", is composed of the first leaders of various units. My father was the business elite, was appointed to the post of deputy director, he has not completely clear about this, "deputy director of the" control what, when, on the blowing wind against Liu Shaoqi reactionary line. It only appeared when the rap group the real rebel, like my father, like many incumbents, has become natural targets, known as the "counter-revolutionary revisionist elements", "white road special advocate" hat. But this criticism fairly large compared to later be "sweetness and light." My mother was at this time was introduced to my father. When the referrals brought to the racing season, when my mother, my mother obtained the impression that by listening to the radio asked: "Is not that old man do?"
Their first date is the critical father took his mother to see poster. Backstage at the time the location - Powder House, posters overwhelming for my mother left a deep impression. I always thought my father was very clear this mode, a wonderful romantic, a "true celebrities from the romantic" romantic.
I am married to the students from their father were spent in political campaigns in the. Mother holding that "large number" I returned to Beijing from Harbin, the father want the day off to the station to meet us, only to be approved by a half-day afternoon, back to his unit is still receiving "help." Many people think that the "Cultural Revolution" when the jet's political campaigns, the Assembly will not be used in this age of my father's generation who, at this point, the father may be an exception. In addition to his own special struggle sessions, he often "honored" to be "invited" to attend the meeting in someone else's criticism tied to accompany. He was often said that his first "special evening" is not in the Cultural Revolution after 1988.
My father visited a total of two cadre school, the first region in the Nen River in Heilongjiang province, after the first document by Lin Biao, withdraw customs, re-located in the Henan Huaiyang area. At that time the organs of the cadre school farms in that area, known as "the first big off the field." Crosstalk is the "four olds", not allowed to say, many go with him cadre of actors that the Bank can not do in this life no longer has. However, crosstalk can believe that one day his father returned to the stage. Returned to Beijing from Henan in 2073, he immediately began to continue his writing. At that time the environment can be imagined, where literary and artistic works must be "three prominent" principle. Father during the Cultural Revolution in the first work, "Friendship Song", written seven months after the change, barely passed the above review, but the radio is not broadcast, because broadcast during the Cultural Revolution has never been cross talk. A great chance, August First Film Studio film "May Day" documentary, in which the intake of seven minutes, "Friendship Song" clip, Yao Wen-yuan said in the review films only: to it. Put documentary, radio talent dare put on the radio recording. Three works of his father's "Friendship Song", "Mountain Eagle", "Swallow" is the only comic in the Cultural Revolution, is the only laugh that era, until today, I do not know to young people in there that the crosstalk is "Friendship Song" only after the.
With the "Gang of Four" in the fall, comic dialogue in the country _set_ off a climax, "the stage wind and thunder," "New Peach Blossom Spring", which are well known piece is the audience. 1977's state dinner in the Great Hall, tao old excitedly came up to me carrying his father at the table toasting glasses, repeatedly praise the "New Peach Blossom Spring": "Yeah racing season, is to write this comic. Good ! have the knowledge, fun! to, I wish you success! ... ... "TV into every family enjoys popular support for the image of public figures played a crucial role. And this time is what my father in his career to fully mature period. His excellent work since the eighties scene, the stage reached a pinnacle of performance is also getting into the environment. 2083 Spring Festival Party started particularly impressive, in 2085, he _select_ed the top ten comedians topped the list in 2088 to commemorate his life of thirty years and held the stage "racing season comic work will be performed" in the carried out nationwide tour, unprecedented. Nineties a dozen of his disciples held in Suzhou, "Xie Society" in literary and art circles for the elephants.
If oscillation is well wit
Two-thirds into the Muyuhuanhua
Burning candle strange Changyu rhino pen
Nu Wa Shi Lian Sky Science
This is the famous painter Van has inscribed a poem by my father. Thirty five years, the size of my father three hundred comic creation works, his disciples in Jiang Kun, Zhao Yan, Feng Gong, Liu, Andrew ... ... active in a variety of stage. He himself remained in constant innovation, his artistic career has not ends.
The meaning of public figures often are the characters of public concern and debate, the father of the stage the audience laughter, the life he has often encountered trouble. Every time he always travels by passersby out, after recognizing that "Chinese characteristics" of the onlookers. In fact, everyone is out of curiosity and love - this racing season in the end and not the same as on TV look? But who do not want these "good intentions" are concentrated in one person when his subject was enough. I came to Australia a few days ago, my father wanted to take me to the Xidan shopping for clothes, cars parked in the alley, he just left lane is not ten meters on the people around them, and things did not buy into, back in the car he said to me that was his first time in fifteen years to Xidan. Not to mention our family even more, as long as my father at home, will always crowded with people, from ten in the morning to midnight. Including friends, colleagues, his students, colleagues, know, do not know, what people have, there are many to Beijing to find her father from the field study of comic dialogue. Even the mouth of radio and television department of the armed police guard on duty all know our home address. Some people looking for a racing season, and immediately rush to our house, dinner, lunch is often a large table of people. Speaking of which, I think my mother was great, she is the record company's music editor, taking into account their own careers at the same time, had to help my father cooking inside and out. The other is the various rumors circulating in society today, reselling gold racing season, and smuggling of people to catch up tomorrow ... ... the beginning, the family really anxious, over time all flattering. Perhaps these are the celebrity price.
Many people have asked me: "Do you have cross talk with your dad doctrine?" I replied: "no." Indeed not. Parents would not let me into this small circle of progress, it simply did let me do this line of thought. But living in such families, monasteries, and the number of Shou Lexie edified. Feng Gong ago said to me: sooner or later you have to do this trip. Unfortunately, he will be concerned as well? Only God knows.
Chinese proverb says: parents, do not travel to distant lands. I am not a dutiful son, as the only child can not stay with her parents. Seven years ago I come to Australia alone, the eve of his departure, my father told me he was thirteen years old to go to Shanghai as the parting words the experience of apprenticeship. I understand his care and thought. I have nothing in Australia seven years, each thinking of this, the final sub-human feeling guilty.
Cold night will do, East Dawning. Regardless of whether the father had come to Australia trip, I believe I can see him soon. □ From Australia "Hualian Times"
Xu famous Feeds
请欣赏:
请给我换一个看看！ 拜托，快把噪音停掉！我读累了，想听点音乐或者请来支歌曲！
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