中国经典 》 金瓶梅 Golden Lotus   》 第一回　西门庆热结十弟兄　武二郎冷遇亲哥嫂      兰陵笑笑生 Lan Lingxiaoxiaosheng 第一回　西门庆热结十弟兄　武二郎冷遇亲哥嫂 第一回　西门庆热结十弟兄　武二郎冷遇亲哥嫂 第一回　西门庆热结十弟兄　武二郎冷遇亲哥嫂 第一回　西门庆热结十弟兄　武二郎冷遇亲哥嫂 中国明代长篇小说。成书约在隆庆至万历年间。作者署名兰陵笑笑生 。兰陵今属山东枣庄 ，作者大约是山东人 。《 金瓶梅 》共 100 回 ，其版本有二 ：一是万历 四十五年（1617)东吴弄珠客作序的《金瓶梅词话》；另一是天启年间刻的《原本金瓶梅》。两种版本内容基本相同，后来的刻本，基本上属于天启刻本系统。 《金瓶梅》借《水浒传》中武松杀嫂一段故事为引子，通过对兼有官僚、恶霸 、富商 3种身份的封建时代市侩势力的代表人物西门庆及其家庭罪恶生活的描述，暴露了北宋中叶社会的黑暗和腐败，具有较深刻的认识价值。《金瓶梅》描绘了一个上自朝廷内擅权专政的太师，下至地方官僚恶霸乃至市井间的地痞、流氓、帮闲所构成的鬼蜮世界。西门庆原是个破落财主、生药铺老板。他善于夤缘钻营，巴结权贵，在县里包揽讼事，交通官吏，知县知府都和他往来。他不择手段地巧取豪夺，聚敛财富，荒淫好色，无恶不作。他抢夺寡妇财产，诱骗结义兄弟的妻子，霸占民间少女，谋杀姘妇的丈夫。为了满足贪得无厌的享乐欲望，他干尽伤天害理的事情。但由于有官府做靠山，特别是攀结上了当朝宰相蔡京并拜其为义父，这就使他不仅没有遭到应有的惩罚，而且左右逢源，步步高升。这些描写，反映了明代中叶以后，朝廷权贵与地方上的豪绅官商相勾结，压榨人民、聚敛钱财的种种黑幕。 《金瓶梅》是中国文学史上第一部由文人独立创作的长篇小说。从此 ，文人创作成为小说创作的主流。《 金瓶梅》之前的长篇小说，莫不取材于历史故事或神话、传说。《金瓶梅》摆脱了这一传统，以现实社会中的人物和家庭日常生活为题材，使中国小说现实主义创作方法日臻成熟，为其后《红楼梦》的出现做了必不可少的探索和准备。 思想内容： 《金瓶梅》是一部以描写家庭生活为题材的现实主义巨著，它假托宋朝旧事，实际上展现的是晚明政治和社会的各种丑恶面相，有着深厚的时代内涵。 一、全书描写了富商、官僚、恶霸三位一体的典型人物西门庆的罪恶一生及其家庭从发迹到败落的兴衰史，并以西门庆为中心，一方面辐射市井社会，一方面反映官场社会，展开了一个时代的广阔图景，彻底暴露出人间鬼蜮世界的肮脏与丑恶。西门庆一方面凭借经济实力来交通权贵，行贿钻营，提高政治地位；另一方面又依靠政治地位来贪赃枉法，为所欲为，扩大非法经营，从而成为集财、权、势于一身的地方一霸。作品还通过西门庆的社会活动，反映了上自朝廷下至市井，官府权贵与豪绅富商狼狈为奸、鱼肉百姓、无恶不作的现实，从客观上表明了这个社会的无可救药。 二、《金瓶梅》以相当多的篇幅描写了西门庆及其妻妾的家庭活动，写出了这个罪恶之家荒淫无耻、贪婪无厌、骄奢糜烂、勾心斗角的林林总总，反映了正常人性惨遭扭曲和异化的过程。以潘金莲、李瓶儿、庞春梅为代表的诸多女性，尽管出身、性格、遭遇不尽相同，但都无视所谓的道德名节，被超常的情欲、物欲和肉欲所支配。她们以扭曲的人性去对抗道德沦丧的夫权社会，又在人性的扭曲中走向堕落和毁灭。作品从不同角度显示着不同女性或卑污、或势利、或庸俗、或阴暗的灵魂，赤裸裸地表现出人的原始的动物的本能和欲望，毫无粉饰地表现出在金钱力量冲击下的人性的扭曲与丑恶。 三、《金瓶梅》存在着严重的缺陷，主要体现在三个方面：一是有着浓厚的天道循环的宿命论思想，使得后半部充满了虚无色彩；二是有不少庸俗低级的性描写，冲淡了小说的暴露力量；三更为主要的是作者缺乏文学家所应具有的良知感与责任心，在审“丑”和嗜“丑”之间游移不定，使得作品的理想精神完全失落，书中人物都是病态的、畸形的，整部作品看不到丝毫的光明和希望。 《金瓶梅》的艺术成就 作为一部具有近代意味的现实主义文学巨著，《金瓶梅》是中国古代小说发展的里程碑。它突破了中国长篇小说的传统模式，在艺术上较之此前的长篇小说有了多方面的开拓和创新，为中国古代小说的演进作出了历史性的贡献。 一、在创作题材上，从描述英雄豪杰、神仙妖魔转向家庭生活、平凡人物。它是第一部以家庭生活和世态人情为题材的长篇小说，主要通过普通人物的人生际遇来表现社会的变迁，具有强烈的现实性、明确的时代性，这标志着我国古代小说艺术的渐趋成熟和现实主义创作方法的重大发展，为此后的世情小说开辟了广阔的题材世界，并使之成为此后小说的主流。 二、在创作主旨上，从立意歌颂理想变为着重暴露黑暗，从表现美转为表现丑。《金瓶梅》之前的长篇小说，在批评社会黑暗的同时，更多的是着力讴歌美好的理想，表现出浓厚的浪漫主义色彩；而《金瓶梅》则实现了中国古代小说审美观念的大转变，极写世情之恶、生活之丑，是一部彻底的暴露文学。它在表现丑的时候，常常用白描手法，揭示人物言行之间的矛盾，达到强烈的讽刺效果，这种写法对此后的讽刺文学有极大的影响。 三、在人物塑造上，从单色调变为多色调，从平面化转向立体化。《金瓶梅》的叙事重心从以往的以组织安排故事为主转向以描写人物为主，并且克服了先前小说中人物性格单一化、凝固化的倾向，注重多方面、多层次地刻划人物性格，能细致如微地揭示人物复杂的内心世界，在一些人物形象中出现了美丑并举的矛盾组合，写出了人物性格的丰富性、流动性。 四、在叙事结构上，从线性发展转向网状交织。此前的长篇小说基本上是由一个个故事联结而成，采用的是线性发展的结构形式，而《金瓶梅》则从生活的复杂性出发，发展为网状结构。全书围绕西门庆一家的盛衰史而开展，并以之为中心辐射到整个社会，使全书组成一个意脉相连、情节相通的生活之网，既千头万绪，又浑然一体。 五、在语言艺术上，从说书体语言发展为市井口语。此前长篇小说的语言深受“说话”伎艺影响，《三国志演义》属于半文半白的演义语体，至《水浒传》、《西游记》白话语言日渐成熟，同时也向着规范化和雅驯化的方向发展，而《金瓶梅》却代表了小说语言发展的另一方面，即遵循口语化、俚俗化的方向发展。它运用鲜活生动的市民口语，充满着浓郁淋漓的市井气息，尤其擅长用个性化的语言来刻划人物，神情口吻无不毕肖。 《金瓶梅》的版本及80年代以来的出版情况 《金瓶梅》的版本可分为两个系统： 1.词话本，又称万历本（即明万历年间刻本《金瓶梅词话》），是早期版本，有民间说唱色彩，语言叙事都比较朴质，有原始风貌。 2.绣像（张评）本，又称崇祯本（即明崇祯年间刻本），此书有200幅木刻插图，全称《新镌绣像批评金瓶梅》故称绣像本，是后来经过文人润色加工过的，文字比较规范，文学性更强些，但早期的朴质风格受到了影响，有一些士大夫说教的色彩。后来清初张竹坡对这个版本进行了评点，之后评点本大行其道，崇祯本便为张评本取代，现在的崇祯本基本都是张评本。 词话本系统（万历本） 一、《新刻金瓶梅词话》1957年文学古籍刊行社据1933年10月“北京古佚小说刊行会”影印本重印，两函二十一册，200幅插图合为一册。 二、《金瓶梅词话》戴鸿森校本，人民文学出版社1985年5月版，删节本，全二册，印量10000部。 三、《金瓶梅词话校注》冯其庸顾问，白维国、卜健校注，岳麓书社1995年8月版，全四册一函，印量3000套。 四、《金瓶梅词话》同（一）人民文学出版社据1957年影印本重印，1988年4月版。两函21册，图1册，线装。 五、《金瓶梅词话》同（二）戴鸿森校本，人民文学出版社2000年版。全二册，为“世界文学名著文库”系列。 绣像本系统（崇祯本） 六、《新刻绣像批评金瓶梅》北京大学出版社。北京大学图书馆善本丛书本，据北大图书馆藏本影印。1988年8月版，印量未标。4函36册，每回插图2帧，全书共200帧。正文页20行，行22字，文中有圈点，行间有夹批并有眉批。 七、《新刻绣像批评金瓶梅》《李渔全集》（第一版20册）第12、13、14册收录。张兵、顾越点校，黄霖审定，浙江古籍出版社1991年8月版，印量3500套。插图100幅，附于卷首。有删节，但未注明字数，删文以“□”标出。（第二版12册本《李渔全集》改为2册收录，此为崇祯本） 八、《金瓶梅》崇祯本会校足本，王汝梅会校，齐鲁书社1989年6月版。该书是根据国家新闻出版署文件批准，为学术研究需要而出版的。这是《金瓶梅》崇祯本问世以来第一次出版排印本，一字不删，200幅插图照原版影印。 张评本系统（张竹坡评本） 九、《张竹坡批评第一奇书金瓶梅》王汝梅、李昭恂、于凤树校点。齐鲁书社1987年版，全二册，印量10000套。（此为张评甲本）删节本，注明所删字数，全书共删10385字。 十、《皋鹤堂批评第一奇书金瓶梅》王汝梅校注，吉林大学出版社1994年10月版，印量3000套，全二册，每回有校记注释。删节本，未写明字数，删节以“…”标示。（此为张评乙本） 会校本 十一、《金瓶梅会校本》中华书局1998年3月版。全三册。该书是对人民文学出版社1985年5月版戴鸿森校本、崇祯本、张评甲本三书的会校，删节处同原书。 　金瓶梅研究的资料和论著 1、瓶外卮言（姚灵犀著，天津书局1940年版） 全书分研究论文和词语解释两部分，是中国第一部《金瓶梅》研究专著，反映了二十世纪上半期的研究水平。 2、金瓶梅考证（朱星著，百花文艺出版社1980年版） 该书对《金瓶梅》的版本、作者等问题进行考述，是建国后出版的第一部《金瓶梅》研究专著，它的出版代表着一个新的研究时代的开始。 3、金瓶梅编年纪事（魏子云著，台湾巨流图书公司1981年版） 该书将《金瓶梅》故事按年月日进行编排，寻找线索以解决作者、撰写时代等问题。魏子云为二十世纪最高产的《金瓶梅》研究专家，撰有将近二十部《金瓶梅》研究专著。 4、论金瓶梅（吴晗等著，胡文彬、张庆善选编，文化艺术出版社1984年版） 本书精选二十世纪80年代以前具有代表性的学术论文，是国内影响较大的一部《金瓶梅》研究论文集。 5、金瓶梅资料汇编（朱一玄编，南开大学出版社1985年版。） 全书分本事、作者、版本、评论、影响等五个部分，辑录有关金瓶梅的研究资料，是国内第一部金瓶梅资料汇编。 6、金瓶梅的世界（胡文彬编，北方文艺出版社1987年版。） 该书选收海外学者研究《金瓶梅》的论文20篇，反映了二十世纪八十年代以外海外《金瓶梅》研究的情况。 7、《金瓶梅词典》（王利器主编，吉林文史出版社1988年版。） 全书收录《金瓶梅》各类词语4588条，进行解释，为阅读作品提供了很大便利。 8、金瓶梅研究（第一辑，中国金瓶梅学会编，江苏古籍出版社1990年版） 这是国内唯一的一种《金瓶梅》研究期刊，不定期出版，至今已出到第八辑。代表了二十世纪八十年代以来的研究水平，反映了这一时期金瓶梅研究的繁盛景象。 9、金瓶梅素材来源（周钧韬著，中州古籍出版社1991年版） 该书对《金瓶梅》的创作素材进行了系统、全面的梳理和辨析，有助于对《金瓶梅》作者、创作情况、思想倾向、艺术特性等情况的了解。 10、我与金瓶梅--海峡两岸学人自述（周钧韬、鲁歌主编，成都出版社1991年版） 全书收录23篇《金瓶梅》研究专家所写的自述，由此可见他们的治学经历及几十年间《金瓶梅》的研究状况。 11、金瓶梅大辞典（黄霖主编，巴蜀书社1991年版） 该书为综合性辞典，内容涉及《金瓶梅》的各个方面，对阅读、欣赏和研究这部小说具有很大的帮助。 12、20世纪金瓶梅研究史长编（吴敢著，文汇出版社2003年版） 该书对20世纪海内外《金瓶梅》研究的状况进行系统、全面的介绍，是一部内容翔实、资料丰富的《金瓶梅》研究史。 13、金瓶梅的艺术（孙述宇著，台北时报文化出版公司1978年版） 全书收录学术论文十五篇，对《金瓶梅》的艺术特色进行了全面、深入的探讨，在研究领域上有所拓展，是一部较早从艺术角度研究《金瓶梅》的专著。 14、金瓶梅人物论（孟超著，光明日报出版社1985年版） 该书对作品中的27个主要人物进行分析，是一部研究《金瓶梅》人物形象的专著。本书写于1948年，曾在香港《文汇报》连载。 15、金瓶梅成书与版本研究（刘辉著，辽宁教育出版社1986年版） 全书收录9篇学术论文的，对《金瓶梅》的成书过程、版本、评点等问题进行了梳理和考辨，并披露了不少新的资料。 16、金瓶梅考论（黄霖著，辽宁教育出版社1989年版） 全书收录学术论文28篇，既有对作者、成书、版本的考述，又有对人物形象、艺术特性的探讨，作者提出不少值得注意的观点。 17、说不尽的金瓶梅（宁宗一著，天津社会科学出版社1990年版） 该书从小说观念、小说类型、审丑、性描写等方面探讨《金瓶梅》对中国小说美学的贡献，有不少新的见解。 18、《金瓶梅》与中国文化（田秉锷著，江苏文艺出版社1992年版） 该书在中国文化发展演进的大背景下，探讨《金瓶梅》与运河文化、酒文化、性文化等的关系，重在挖掘作品的文化内涵，拓展了研究空间。 19、金瓶梅艺术论（周中明著，广西教育出版社1992年版） 该书从艺术构思、讽刺、白描艺术、人物塑造、心理描写、语言艺术、结构布局等方面对《金瓶梅》的艺术成就进行了全方位的研究。 20、金瓶梅六十题（陈诏著，上海书店1993年版） 该书从小处入手，分六十个专题，内容涉及《金瓶梅》的各个方面。全书篇幅短小，笔调生动，具有较强的可读性。 21、世情与世相（尹恭弘著，华文出版社1997年版） 全书将作品放在晚明的时代文化背景下，对其与儒家文化、佛教文化、道教文化、性文化、政治文化、家庭文化、伦理文化、市井文化的关系进行了全面、深入的剖析。 22、秋水堂论金瓶梅（田晓菲著，天津人民出版社2003年版） 作者直接面对原著，对作品逐回进行十分精细的解读，角度别致，新意叠出，读后令人有耳目一新之感。 23、日本研究金瓶梅论文集 （黄霖 王国安 选编 齐鲁书社1989年版） 24、金瓶梅西方论文集 （徐朔方 选编 上海古籍出版社1987年版） 25、金瓶梅研究 复旦大学出版社 《金瓶梅词话》是我国第一部以家庭日常生活为素材的长篇小说。它的开头据《水浒传》中西门庆与潘金莲的故事改编，写潘金莲未被武松杀死，嫁给西门庆为妾，由此转入小说的主体部分，描写西门庆家庭内发生的一系列事件，以及西门庆与社会中各色人物的交往，直到他纵欲身亡，其家庭破败，众妾风云流散。书名由小说中三个主要女性（潘金莲、李瓶儿、春梅）的名字合成。 在万历年间，已有《金瓶梅》抄本流传。据袁中郎于万历二十四年（1596）写给董其昌的信，他曾从董处抄得此书的一部分；又据《万历野获编》，沈德符在万历三十七年（1609）从袁中道处抄得全本，携至吴中，此后大约过了好几年，才有刻本流传。现在所能看到的最早刻本，是卷首有万历四十五年丁巳（1617）东吴弄珠客序及欣欣子序的《金瓶梅词话》，共一百回，有的研究者认为这可能就是初刻本。其后有崇祯年间刊行的《新刻绣像批评金瓶梅》，一般认为是前者的评改本。它对原本的改动主要是更改回目、变更某些情节、修饰文字，并削减了原本中词话的痕迹。清康熙年间，张竹坡评点的《金瓶梅》刊行（此书扉页刻有“第一奇书”四字，因此也称作《第一奇书》）。它是以崇祯本为底本，文字上略有修改，加上张氏的回评、夹批，并在卷首附有《竹坡闲话》、《金瓶梅读法》、《金瓶梅寓意说》等专论。这个本子在清代流传最广。 《金瓶梅词话》的作者，据卷首“欣欣子”序说，是“兰陵笑笑生”。用古名称为“兰陵”之地有二，一在今山东峄县，一在今江苏武进县，以何者为是，尚无定论。这位“笑笑生”究为何人，也至今无法确认。沈德符在《万历野获编》中说作者是“嘉靖间大名士”，袁中道在《游居柿录》中说作者是“绍兴老儒”，谢肇淛《金瓶梅跋》说作者是“金吾戚里”的门客，皆语焉不详。后世人们对此提出种种猜测和推考，先后有王世贞、李开先、屠隆、徐渭、汤显祖、李渔等十几种不同的意见，但尚没有一种意见能成定论。关于小说的创作年代，也有嘉靖与万历两说，研究者一般认为后者为是。如小说中引用的《祭头巾文》，系万历间著名文人屠隆之作；写西门庆家宴分别用“苏州戏子”、“海盐子弟”演戏，为万历以后才有的风气，都可以作为证据。 虽然《金瓶梅词话》作者的情况不详，但仍可以推断为我国第一部由文人独立创作的长篇小说。有人认为，根据《金瓶梅词话》较多保留了说唱艺术的痕迹、书中情节与文字前后颇有抵牾、较多引录前人作品等情况，这部小说当是和《三国演义》、《水浒传》等一样，是由某个文人在民间创作的基础上改写而成，但这一说法难以成立。和《三国演义》等不同，在《金瓶梅词话》问世之前，根本没有内容相似的雏型作品流传，而且据《万历野获编》的记载来看，广闻博识的沈德符在未读这部小说之前，也不知道这是一部什么样的书，此其一；《金瓶梅词话》是一部大量描绘日常生活琐事的小说，没有传奇色彩，故事性也不强，不易分割成相对独立的单元，尽管在这部小说流行渐广以后，也有取其片断为说唱材料的情况，但从全书来说，它不适宜作为民间说唱的底本，此其二。至于保留了说唱艺术的痕迹，只能说是作者有意模拟及个人爱好的表现。 二、《金瓶梅词话》的写实内容与时代特征 《金瓶梅词话》是以北宋末年为背景的，但它所描绘的社会面貌、所表现的思想倾向，却有鲜明的晚明时代的特征。小说主人公西门庆是一个暴发户式的富商，是新兴的市民阶层中的显赫人物，他依赖金钱的巨大力量，勾结官府并获得地方官职，恣意妄为，纵情享乐，尤其在男女之欲方面追逐永无休止的满足。他以一种邪恶而又生气勃勃的姿态，侵蚀着末期封建政治的肌体，使之愈益堕落破败；而他那种肆滥宣泄的生命力和他最终的纵欲身亡，也喻示着他所代表的社会力量在当时难以得到健康的成长。当然，对晚明时代各种社会问题，作者并未能提出明确的理论见解，但小说却以前所未有的写实力量，描绘出这一时代活生生的社会状态，以及人性在这一社会状态中的复杂表现，这是很大的成功。 《金瓶梅词话》首先值得注意的一点，是它所描写的官商关系和金钱对封建政治的侵蚀。本书在讨论汉初贾谊、晁错的政论文时，就已指出：中国封建社会长期奉行“重农抑商”政策，根本上是由于商人所拥有的金钱力量足以对以政治权力为核心的封建等级秩序构成破坏。而随着经济的发展、城市工商业的兴盛，这种破坏又终究是不可避免的。晚明正是这样一个时代。从《金瓶梅词话》中我们看到，明初朱元璋所颁布的《明律》中关于房舍、器物、服饰等诸方面区分等级的规定，这时早已形同虚设。西门庆一家物质享用的奢华，远远超出于一般官僚，以至其妻妾走在大街上，会被路人议论为“已（一）定是那公侯府位里出来的宅眷”，“是贵戚皇孙家艳妾”。而官僚阶层面对这种金钱力量，也不得不降尊纡贵。第四十九回写文采风流的蔡御史在西门庆家作客，受到优厚的款待，还得了两个歌妓陪夜，对于他的种种非法要求，无不一口应承。而位极人臣的蔡太师，也因收受了西门庆的厚礼，送给他一个五品衔的理刑千户之职（第三十回），做了一笔权钱交易；在过生日之际，更以超过对待“满朝文武官员”的礼遇接待这位携大量金钱财物来认干爷的豪商。至于贿赂官吏，偷税逃税，在西门庆更是轻而易举之事。封建国家机器在商人的金钱的锈蚀下，已失去其原有的运转能力。 而西门庆正是凭藉其金钱买通政治权力，在相当的范围内为所欲为，乃至发出这样的“豪言壮语”： 咱闻那佛祖西天也止不过要黄金铺地，阴司十殿也要些楮镪营求。咱只消尽这家私广为善事，就使强奸了嫦娥，和奸了织女，掳了许飞琼，盗了王母的女儿，也不减我泼天富贵！（第五十七回） 但另一方面，作者也揭示了西门庆这样的人物并无机会被引纳为国家机器中的核心分子，他和这个封建政权多少仍是处于游离状态的。小说中有两处描写颇值得体味。一是四十九回写歌妓董娇儿服侍蔡御史一夜，得了“用红纸大包封着”的一两银子，拿与西门庆瞧，西门庆嘲笑道：“文职的营生，他那里有大钱与你，这个就是上上签了。”这里显示了富商对文官的寒酸的卑视。另一处是五十七回写西门庆对尚在怀抱中的儿子说：“儿，你长大来，还挣个文官，不要学你家老子，做个西班出身，虽有兴头，却没十分尊重。”这里却又表示了对做“文官”——国家机器中的核心分子——的向往。 小说在这方面虽没有充分展开，但我们已经可以看到：如果说西门庆是晚明市民阶层的一个代表人物的话，这类人物虽然能够以金钱买到一部分政治权力为己所用，却没有足够的力量从根本上影响这部国家机器。作为一种社会势力，他们既不是独立的，也不是积极反抗的；在他们兴起之时，就已经卷入到封建政权的腐败过程中去了。所以，生命力的肆滥的宣泄，成为西门庆这一类人物体认和表现自身存在的方式。 在揭示政治腐败、社会黑暗方面，《金瓶梅词话》所涉及的不仅仅是官商勾结、钱权交易，而是十分广泛而又非常深刻的。尽管过去的小说在这方面也曾作出努力，但正如王国维在《红楼梦评论》中说，我国戏曲、小说的特质之一，是“往往说诗歌的正义，善人必有其终，而恶人必罹其罚”。即使歌颂民间反抗斗争的《水浒传》，也还是让正义得到不同形式的伸张（包括死后成神这一类给读者以精神安慰的形式），这多少给那种黑暗的社会抹上了一层理想色彩。而在《金瓶梅词话》中，我们却看到许多无告的沉冤，难雪的不平：西门庆毒死武大，娶了潘金莲，逍遥法外，即使英雄武松也对他莫可奈何；苗员外惨遭杀害，主犯苗青却因此成了富豪；宋蕙莲被害死后，她父亲想给女儿报仇，结果也被迫害而死……，这种无辜者受尽煎熬、悲惨而死、毫无抵偿的故事在小说中比比皆是。而那个作恶多端的西门庆，却享受了一辈子的富贵荣华。他最后的纵欲而死，即使有教人自我检束的意味，也算不上“恶有恶报”；甚至他转世投胎，也仍旧是做富户。现实的沉重和阴暗，使读者感受到巨大的压抑，从而更有可能认识到封建社会的本质。这种描写，一方面是因为封建末世的政治确实格外地混乱无序，另一方面也是因为作者对传统道德已彻底失去信心，不再相信它能够有效地约制社会的统治阶层，提供正义的理想。 与上述内容相关联，《金瓶梅词话》不仅反映了社会政治的黑暗，还大量描写了那种时代中人性的普遍弱点和丑恶，尤其是金钱对人性的扭曲。在这部一百回的长篇小说中，几乎没有一个通常意义上的“正面人物”，人人在那里勾心斗角，相互压迫。西门庆家中妻妾成群，花团锦簇，但众妻妾乃至奴婢之间的争宠夺利，无所不用其极，显示出在多妻制婚姻关系中女性心理的阴寒。小说有很多地方写到西门庆在占有各色女子时，一面寻欢作乐，一面商谈着财物的施予，两性关系在这里成为赤裸裸的金钱交易。还有，像五十六回写帮闲角色常时节因无钱养家，被妻子肆口辱骂，及至得了西门庆周济的十几两银子，归来便傲气十足，他的妻也立即变得低声下气。这些描写，都尖锐地反映出人性在金钱的驱使下是何等的可悲与可怜。而且，作者明显是有意识地在描写两性之间为金钱所左右的交往时大量引用那些辞采华美、富于温情的诗、词、曲，让人感觉到：在那样的社会里，不仅在政治方面不存在王国维所谓“诗歌的正义”，在男女交往中也极少存在诗歌的温情。 历史的演进是复杂的过程。一方面，正如我们在前面说过的，肯定“好货”、“好色”是晚明时代具有进步意义的新思潮，但另一方面，在新的社会力量远不够强大、具有正面意义的新道德难以确立的情况下，这种思潮在社会生活中（特别是在西门庆一类人物身上）却常常会以邪恶的形式表现出来。《金瓶梅词话》的思想内涵因此也带有这一历史变异时期的复杂性。为小说作序的“欣欣子”（许多研究者认为这是作者的另一化名），称此书的宗旨是“明人伦，戒淫奔，分淑慝，化善恶”，但这只是一种有意识的和常规性的标榜，小说本身则很少有基于传统道德的说教；作者一方面揭示了物质欲望和情欲的膨胀使人性趋向于贪婪丑恶，同时也如实地反映出追求这些欲望的满足乃是人性中不可抑制的力量。金钱和情欲不是被简单地否定的，而是同时被视为既是邪恶之源，又是快乐与幸福之源。以对于李瓶儿的描写为例，她先嫁给花子虚，彼此间毫无感情，后来又嫁蒋竹山，仍然得不到满足，在这一段生活中，她的性格较多地表现为淫邪乃至残忍； 嫁给西门庆后，情欲获得满足，又生了儿子，她就更多地表现出女性的温柔与贤惠来。这明白地显示出：过度纵欲固然不可取，但对自然欲望的抑制，却只会造成更为严重的人性的恶化。虽然，作者很难以一种恰当的态度来处理这种人性的矛盾，而最终只能以虚无和幻灭来结束他的故事，但至少他对人性的看法，已经不再是简单化的了。 《金瓶梅词话》受后人批评最多的，是小说中存在大量的性行为的描写。这种描写又很粗鄙，几乎完全未曾从美感上考虑，所以格外显得不堪，使小说的艺术价值受到一定的削弱。一般认为，当时社会中从最高统治阶层到士大夫和普通市民都不以谈房闱之事为耻，小说中的这种描写，是当时社会风气的产物。不过，同时还应该注意到，这和晚明社会肯定“好色”的思潮有很大关联，它是这一思潮的一种粗鄙而庸俗的表现形态。 三、《金瓶梅词话》的艺术成就与地位 《金瓶梅词话》在中国小说史上具有多方面的开创意义，标志了中国古典小说发展的一个新阶段的开始。 过去的长篇通俗小说，主要是以历史故事、民间传说为素材，在民间的“说话”艺术中经过长期的酝酿、改造而形成的，注重传奇色彩、故事情节，在人物的善恶分判上简单而分明，构成这些小说的共同特点。而《金瓶梅词话》作为文人的独立创作，明显突破了以上这些范式。它问世不久，就传抄于袁宏道、袁中道、董其昌、沈德符等当代最著名的文人之手，也说明了它在小说史上的特殊性。 从取材来说，在这以前成就最高的三部长篇小说—— 《三国演义》、《水浒传》、《西游记》，分别以历史上的显赫人物、民间英雄好汉、神话人物为中心，归纳起来，可以说它们都是写非凡人物的非凡经历和非凡故事，是传奇性的小说。 虽然这些人物故事也反映出一定的社会生活情景，但毕竟是经过了很大程度的想象与改造，和普通人的日常生活是有距离的。《金瓶梅词话》则是以一个富商家庭的日常生活为中心，并以这个家庭的广泛社会联系来反映社会的各个方面。它的人物是凡琐的，没有什么超常的本领和业绩；它的故事也是凡琐的，没有什么惊心动魄的地方。但正因如此，它表现了小说创作对于人的真实平常的生活状态的深入关注与考察，从而成为我国古代第一部真正意义上的社会小说，或如鲁迅在《中国小说史略》中所说的“世情书”。 凡是优秀的小说，都必然在人物形象的塑造上取得一定成就。但尽管如此，传奇性的小说放在首位的还是故事情节，即使以前小说中最以写人物擅长的《水浒传》，也首先是以故事情节吸引人，很少能看到仅仅为了显示人物性格而对情节发展并无多大意义的事件。而在《金瓶梅词话》中，则明显地出现了故事情节的淡化。它所描绘的大量的生活琐事，对于情节的发展并无意义，却能充分地展示人物的性格。如第八回潘金莲因等西门庆不来，便拿迎儿出气，打了她几十马鞭不够，又在她脸上掐了两道血口子才罢休，这和以后的故事发展毫无关系，却有力地揭示了潘金莲那种带有虐待狂倾向的残忍性格。此外如五十四回写西门庆与应伯爵等游郊园，五十七回写道长募缘、西门庆施银等等，此类“闲笔”甚多。 可以说，《金瓶梅词话》与以前的小说相比，已经把重心从故事情节转移到人物形象上来，这是一个重要的进步。 过去从民间“说话”中发展起来的通俗小说，为了使文化水平不高的听众、读者容易把握人物，其人物性格一般是单纯而鲜明的，坏人一切都坏，好人纵有缺点（如《水浒传》中李逵、鲁智深那样），也无损于其基本的品质。但这样的人物虽然容易被接受，相对于复杂的实际生活来说却是简单化了。《金瓶梅词话》写人物，就不再是这样简单的处理。 前面我们说到，这部小说中几乎不存在通常意义上的“正面人物”，但同样这部小说中也几乎不存在通常意义上的“反面人物”。如小说中写李瓶儿，既有泼辣、凶狠，为达到自己的目的不顾一切的一面，但在更多的场合下，她表现出善良、懦弱和富于同情心一面，她的性格是极为丰富的。又如奴才来旺的妻子宋惠莲，是一个俏丽、轻浮、浅薄的女人，她勾搭上了西门庆，便得意忘形，一心想摆脱丈夫，在西门庆家爬上个小老婆的位子。但当来旺被西门庆陷害时，她却悲愤异常，“千也说一夜夫妻百夜恩，万也说相随百步也有个徘徊意”，念着他们在贫贱生活中所建立起来的真诚感情。她痛骂西门庆：“你原来就是个弄人的刽子手，把人活埋惯了。害死人，还看出殡的！”西门庆百般劝诱，她再也不肯就范，最后终于自杀（第二十六回）。她确实是贪图钱财和虚荣、品格卑贱的人，但在这后面，却又保存着某种人性中的高贵的东西。 这样的人物形象，是过去的小说中所没有的。就是西门庆，固然是个恶人，但他的“恶”也不是以简单的符号化的形式表现出来。他的慷慨豪爽、“ 救人贫难”，多少表现出市民阶层所重视的品德。他对妇女从来就是贪得无厌地占有和玩弄，但当李瓶儿病死时，他也确实表现了真诚的悲痛。小说对这一事件的描写十分细致。一方面，西门庆不顾潘道士提出的“恐祸将及身”的警告，坚持要守在垂危的李瓶儿的身旁，当她死后，不顾一切地抱着她的尸体哭叫：“宁可教我西门庆死了罢，我也不久活于世了，平白活着做什么！”另一方面，作者又借西门庆心腹玳安之口指出：“为甚俺爹心里疼？不是疼人，是疼钱。”但这里并不是说西门庆的感情是虚假的，而是说这种感情与李瓶儿嫁他时带来了大量的钱财有极大关系，贪财是他的感情的重要基础。而这种真诚的一时冲动的感情，却又不能改变西门庆好色的无耻本性，小说接着又写他为李瓶儿伴灵还不到“三夜两夜”，就在灵床的对面奸污了奶子如意儿（第六十二至六十五回）。西门庆的形象就是在这样丰富的性格层次中塑出来的，所以能够给人以活生生的感觉。 而且，《金瓶梅词话》描写人物性格，不是把它当作一种单纯的个人天性来看待，而是同人物的生存环境、生活经历联系起来。譬如潘金莲，可以说是小说中最富于邪恶品格的女人，同西门庆真可谓天生一对。但仔细读小说，我们就会发现，她的邪恶是在她的悲惨的命运中滋长起来的。潘金莲出生在一个穷裁缝的家庭，九岁就被卖到王招宣府中学弹唱，学得“做张做势，乔模乔样”；后来又被转卖给张大户，年方十八就被那老头儿收用了；再后来她又被迫嫁给“人物猥獧 ”的武大。她美貌出众，聪明伶俐，却从来没有机会在正常的环境中争取自己做人的权利。来到西门庆家中，她既不像吴月娘那样有一个尊贵的主妇身份，也不像李瓶儿、孟玉楼那样有钱，可以买得他人的欢心，但她又不甘于被人轻视，便只能凭藉自己的美貌与机灵，用尽一切手段来占取主人西门庆的宠爱，以此同其他人抗衡。她的心理是因受压抑而变态的，她用邪恶的手段来夺取幸福与享乐，又在这邪恶中毁灭了自己。 《金瓶梅词话》的语言一向为人们所称道。虽然有些地方显得粗糙，尤其是引用诗、词、曲时，往往与人物的身份、教养不符，但总体上说是非常有生气的。作者十分善于摹写人物的鲜活的口吻、语气，以及人物的神态、动作，从中表现出人物的心理与个性，以具有强烈的直观性的场景呈现在读者面前。鲁迅称赞说：“作者之于世情、盖诚极洞达，凡所形容，或条畅，或曲折，或刻露而尽相，或幽伏而含讥，或一时并写两面，使之相形，变幻之情，随在显见，同时说部，无以上之。”（《中国小说史略》）如第四十九回写西门庆宴请蔡御史，请他关照生意，之后留他宿夜，来至翡翠轩： 只见两个唱的盛妆打扮，立于阶下，向前花枝招飐嗑头。蔡御史看见，欲进不能，欲退不可，便说道：“四泉，你如何这等厚爱，恐使不得。”西门庆笑道：“与昔日东山之游，又何别乎？”蔡御史道：“恐我不如安石之才，而君有王右军之高致矣。”于是月下与二妓携手，不啻恍若刘阮之入天台。因进入轩内，见文物依然，因索纸笔，要留题。西门庆即令书童，连忙将端溪砚研的墨浓，拂下锦笺。这蔡御史终是状元之才，拈笔在手，文不加点，字走龙蛇，灯下一挥而就，作诗一首。 风雅的形态与卑俗的心理交结在一起。作者不露声色，就写尽了两面。这种文笔，后来在《儒林外史》中得到极大的发展。 《金瓶梅词话》以其对社会现实的冷静而深刻的揭露，对人性（尤其是人性的弱点）清醒而深入的描绘，以其在凡庸的日常生活中表现人性之困境的视角，以其塑造生动而复杂的人物形象的艺术力量，把注重传奇性的中国古典小说引入到注重写实性的新境界，为之开辟了一个新的方向。《儒林外史》、《红楼梦》就是沿着这一方向继续发展的。《石头记》的脂评说《石头记》（即《红楼梦》）“深得《金瓶》壶奥”，不为无见。所以说，《金瓶梅词话》尽管有种种不足，它在小说史上的地位，实不可低估。 《金瓶梅》传世既广，随之也出现了一些续书。据沈德符《万历野获编》称，有一种叫《玉娇李》的，“笔锋恣横酣畅，似尤胜《金瓶梅》”，今已不存。另有清初丁耀亢撰《续金瓶梅》等，俱不见佳。 第一回　西门庆热结十弟兄　武二郎冷遇亲哥嫂 诗曰：豪华去后行人绝，箫筝不响歌喉咽。 雄剑无威光彩沉，宝琴零落金星灭。 玉阶寂寞坠秋露，月照当时歌舞处。 当时歌舞人不回，化为今日西陵灰。 又诗曰：二八佳人体似酥，腰间仗剑斩愚夫。 虽然不见人头落，暗里教君骨髓枯。 这一首诗，是昔年大唐国时，一个修真炼性的英雄，入圣超凡的豪杰，到后来位居紫府，名列仙班，率领上八洞群仙，救拔四部洲沉苦一位仙长，姓吕名岩，道号纯阳子祖师所作。单道世上人，营营逐逐，急急巴巴，跳不出七情六欲关头，打不破酒色财气圈子。到头来同归于尽，着甚要紧！虽是如此说，只这酒色财气四件中，惟有“财色”二者更为利害。怎见得他的利害？假如一个人到了那穷苦的田地，受尽无限凄凉，耐尽无端懊恼，晚来摸一摸米瓮，苦无隔宿之炊，早起看一看厨前，愧无半星烟火，妻子饥寒，一身冻馁，就是那粥饭尚且艰难，那讨馀钱沽酒！ 更有一种可恨处，亲朋白眼，面目寒酸，便是凌云志气，分外消磨，怎能够与人争气！正是：一朝马死黄金尽，亲者如同陌路人。 到得那有钱时节，挥金买笑，一掷巨万。思饮酒真个琼浆玉液，不数那琥珀杯流；要斗气钱可通神，果然是颐指气使。趋炎的压脊挨肩，附势的吮痈舐痔，真所谓得势叠肩而来，失势掉臂而去。古今炎冷恶态，莫有甚于此者。这两等人，岂不是受那财的利害处！如今再说那色的利害。请看如今世界，你说那坐怀不乱的柳下惠，闭门不纳的鲁男子，与那秉烛达旦的关云长，古今能有几人？至如三妻四妾，买笑追欢的，又当别论。还有那一种好色的人，见了个妇女略有几分颜色，便百计千方偷寒送暖，一到了着手时节，只图那一瞬欢娱，也全不顾亲戚的名分，也不想朋友的交情。起初时不知用了多少滥钱，费了几遭酒食。正是：三杯花作合，两盏色媒人。 到后来情浓事露，甚而斗狠杀伤，性命不保，妻孥难顾，事业成灰。就如那石季伦泼天豪富，为绿珠命丧囹圄；楚霸王气概拔山，因虞姬头悬垓下。真所谓：“生我之门死我户，看得破时忍不过”。这样人岂不是受那色的利害处！ 说便如此说，这“财色”二字，从来只没有看得破的。若有那看得破的，便见得堆金积玉，是棺材内带不去的瓦砾泥沙；贯朽粟红，是皮囊内装不尽的臭淤粪土。高堂广厦，玉宇琼楼，是坟山上起不得的享堂；锦衣绣袄，狐服貂裘，是骷髅上裹不了的败絮。即如那妖姬艳女，献媚工妍，看得破的，却如交锋阵上将军叱咤献威风；朱唇皓齿，掩袖回眸，懂得来时，便是阎罗殿前鬼判夜叉增恶态。罗袜一弯，金莲三寸，是砌坟时破土的锹锄；枕上绸缪，被中恩爱，是五殿下油锅中生活。 只有那《金刚经》上两句说得好，他说道：“如梦幻泡影，如电复如露。”见得人生在世，一件也少不得，到了那结束时，一件也用不着。随着你举鼎荡舟的神力，到头来少不得骨软筋麻；由着你铜山金谷的奢华，正好时却又要冰消雪散。假饶你闭月羞花的容貌，一到了垂眉落眼，人皆掩鼻而过之；比如你陆贾隋何的机锋，若遇着齿冷唇寒，吾未如之何也已。到不如削去六根清净，披上一领袈裟，参透了空色世界，打磨穿生灭机关，直超无上乘，不落是非窠，倒得个清闲自在，不向火坑中翻筋斗也。正是：三寸气在千般用，一日无常万事休。 说话的为何说此一段酒色财气的缘故？只为当时有一个人家，先前恁地富贵，到后来煞甚凄凉，权谋术智，一毫也用不着，亲友兄弟，一个也靠不着，享不过几年的荣华，倒做了许多的话靶。内中又有几个斗宠争强，迎奸卖俏的，起先好不妖娆妩媚，到后来也免不得尸横灯影，血染空房。正是：善有善报，恶有恶报；天网恢恢，疏而不漏。 话说大宋徽宗皇帝政和年间，山东省东平府清河县中，有一个风流子弟，生得状貌魁梧，性情潇洒，饶有几贯家资，年纪二十六七。这人复姓西门，单讳一个庆字。他父亲西门达，原走川广贩药材，就在这清河县前开着一个大大的生药铺。现住着门面五间到底七进的房子。家中呼奴使婢，骡马成群，虽算不得十分富贵，却也是清河县中一个殷实的人家。只为这西门达员外夫妇去世的早，单生这个儿子却又百般爱惜，听其所为，所以这人不甚读书，终日闲游浪荡。一自父母亡后，专一在外眠花宿柳，惹草招风，学得些好拳棒，又会赌博，双陆象棋，抹牌道字，无不通晓。结识的朋友，也都是些帮闲抹嘴，不守本分的人。第一个最相契的，姓应名伯爵，表字光侯，原是开绸缎铺应员外的第二个儿子，落了本钱，跌落下来，专在本司三院帮嫖贴食，因此人都起他一个浑名叫做应花子。又会一腿好气［毛求］，双陆棋子，件件皆通。第二个姓谢名希大，字子纯，乃清河卫千户官儿应袭子孙，自幼父母双亡，游手好闲，把前程丢了，亦是帮闲勤儿，会一手好琵琶。自这两个与西门庆甚合得来。其余还有几个，都是些破落户，没名器的。一个叫做祝实念，表字贡诚。一个叫做孙天化，表字伯修，绰号孙寡嘴。一个叫做吴典恩，乃是本县阴阳生，因事革退，专一在县前与官吏保债，以此与西门庆往来。还有一个云参将的兄弟叫做云理守，字非去。一个叫做常峙节，表字坚初。一个叫做卜志道。一个叫做白赉光，表字光汤。说这白赉光，众人中也有道他名字取的不好听的，他却自己解说道：“不然我也改了，只为当初取名的时节，原是一个门馆先生，说我姓白，当初有一个什么故事，是白鱼跃入武王舟。又说有两句书是‘周有大赉，于汤有光’，取这个意思，所以表字就叫做光汤。我因他有这段故事，也便不改了。”说这一干共十数人，见西门庆手里有钱，又撒漫肯使，所以都乱撮哄着他耍钱饮酒，嫖赌齐行。正是：把盏衔杯意气深，兄兄弟弟抑何亲。 一朝平地风波起，此际相交才见心。 说话的，这等一个人家，生出这等一个不肖的儿子，又搭了这等一班无益有损的朋友，随你怎的豪富也要穷了，还有甚长进的日子！却有一个缘故，只为这西门庆生来秉性刚强，作事机深诡谲，又放官吏债，就是那朝中高、杨、童、蔡四大奸臣，他也有门路与他浸润。所以专在县里管些公事，与人把搅说事过钱，因此满县人都惧怕他。因他排行第一，人都叫他是西门大官人。这西门大官人先头浑家陈氏早逝，身边只生得一个女儿，叫做西门大姐，就许与东京八十万禁军杨提督的亲家陈洪的儿子陈敬济为室，尚未过门。只为亡了浑家，无人管理家务，新近又娶了本县清河左卫吴千户之女填房为继室。这吴氏年纪二十五六，是八月十五生的，小名叫做月姐，后来嫁到西门庆家，都顺口叫他月娘。却说这月娘秉性贤能，夫主面上百依百随。房中也有三四个丫鬟妇女，都是西门庆收用过的。又尝与勾栏内李娇儿打热，也娶在家里做了第二房娘子。南街又占着窠子卓二姐，名卓丢儿，包了些时，也娶来家做了第三房。只为卓二姐身子瘦怯，时常三病四痛，他却又去飘风戏月，调弄人家妇女。正是：东家歌笑醉红颜，又向西邻开玳宴。 几日碧桃花下卧，牡丹开处总堪怜。 话说西门庆一日在家闲坐，对吴月娘说道：“如今是九月廿五日了，出月初三日，却是我兄弟们的会期。到那日也少不的要整两席齐整的酒席，叫两个唱的姐儿，自恁在咱家与兄弟们好生玩耍一日。你与我料理料理。”吴月娘便道：“你也便别要说起这干人，那一个是那有良心和行货！无过每日来勾使的游魂撞尸。我看你自搭了这起人，几时曾有个家哩！现今卓二姐自恁不好，我劝你把那酒也少要吃了。”西门庆道：“你别的话倒也中听。今日这些说话，我却有些不耐烦听他。依你说，这些兄弟们没有好人，使着他，没有一个不依顺的，做事又十分停当，就是那谢子纯这个人，也不失为个伶俐能事的好人。咱如今是这等计较罢，只管恁会来会去，终不着个切实。咱不如到了会期，都结拜了兄弟罢，明日也有个靠傍些。”吴月娘接过来道：“结拜兄弟也好。只怕后日还是别个靠你的多哩。若要你去靠人，提傀儡儿上戏场──还少一口气儿哩。”西门庆笑道：“自恁长把人靠得着，却不更好了。咱只等应二哥来，与他说这话罢。” 正说着话，只见一个小厮儿，生得眉清目秀，伶俐乖觉，原是西门庆贴身伏侍的，唤名玳安儿，走到面前来说：“应二叔和谢大叔在外见爹说话哩。”西门庆道：“我正说他，他却两个就来了。”一面走到厅上来，只见应伯爵头上戴一顶新盔的玄罗帽儿，身上穿一件半新不旧的天青夹绉纱褶子，脚下丝鞋净袜，坐在上首。 下首坐的，便是姓谢的谢希大。见西门庆出来，一齐立起身来，边忙作揖道：“哥在家，连日少看。”西门庆让他坐下，一面唤茶来吃，说道：“你们好人儿，这几日我心里不耐烦，不出来走跳，你们通不来傍个影儿。”伯爵向希大道：“何如？我说哥哥要说哩。”因对西门庆道：“哥，你怪的是。连咱自也不知道成日忙些什么！自咱们这两只脚，还赶不上一张嘴哩。”西门庆因问道：“你这两日在那里来？”伯爵道：“昨日在院中李家瞧了个孩子儿，就是哥这边二嫂子的侄女儿桂卿的妹子，叫做桂姐儿。几时儿不见他，就出落的好不标致了。到明日成人的时候，还不知怎的样好哩！昨日他妈再三向我说：‘二爹，千万寻个好子弟梳笼他。’敢怕明日还是哥的货儿哩。”西门庆道：“有这等事！等咱空闲了去瞧瞧。”谢希大接过来道：“哥不信，委的生得十分颜色。”西门庆道：“昨日便在他家，前几日却在那里去来？”伯爵道：“便是前日卜志道兄弟死了，咱在他家帮着乱了几日，发送他出门。他嫂子再三向我说，叫我拜上哥，承哥这里送了香楮奠礼去，因他没有宽转地方儿，晚夕又没甚好酒席，不好请哥坐的，甚是过不意去。”西门庆道：“便是我闻得他不好得没多日子，就这等死了。我前日承他送我一把真金川扇儿，我正要拿甚答谢答谢，不想他又作了故人！” 谢希大便叹了一口气道：“咱会中兄弟十人，却又少他一个了。”因向伯爵说：“出月初三日，又是会期，咱每少不得又要烦大官人这里破费，兄弟们顽耍一日哩。”西门庆便道：“正是，我刚才正对房下说来，咱兄弟们似这等会来会去，无过只是吃酒顽耍，不着一个切实，倒不如寻一个寺院里，写上一个疏头，结拜做了兄弟，到后日彼此扶持，有个傍靠。到那日，咱少不得要破些银子，买办三牲，众兄弟也便随多少各出些分资。不是我科派你们，这结拜的事，各人出些，也见些情分。”伯爵连忙道：“哥说的是。婆儿烧香当不的老子念佛，各自要尽自的心。只是俺众人们，老鼠尾巴生疮儿──有脓也不多。”西门庆笑道：“怪狗才，谁要你多来！你说这话。”谢希大道：“结拜须得十个方好。如今卜志道兄弟没了，却教谁补？”西门庆沉吟了一回，说道：“咱这间壁花二哥，原是花太监侄儿，手里肯使一股滥钱，常在院中走动。他家后边院子与咱家只隔着一层壁儿，与我甚说得来，咱不如叫小厮邀他邀去。”应伯爵拍着手道：“敢就是在院中包着吴银儿的花子虚么？”西门庆道：“正是他！”伯爵笑道：“哥，快叫那个大官儿邀他去。与他往来了，咱到日后，敢又有一个酒碗儿。”西门庆笑道：“傻花子，你敢害馋痨痞哩，说着的是吃。”大家笑了一回。西门庆旋叫过玳安儿来说：“你到间壁花家去，对你花二爹说，如此这般：‘俺爹到了出月初三日，要结拜十兄弟，敢叫我请二爹上会哩。’看他怎的说，你就来回我话。你二爹若不在家，就对他二娘说罢。” 玳安儿应诺去了。伯爵便道：“到那日还在哥这里是，还在寺院里好？”希大道：“咱这里无过只两个寺院，僧家便是永福寺，道家便是玉皇庙。这两个去处，随分那里去罢。”西门庆道：“这结拜的事，不是僧家管的，那寺里和尚，我又不熟，倒不如玉皇庙吴道官与我相熟，他那里又宽展又幽静。”伯爵接过来道：“哥说的是，敢是永福寺和尚倒和谢家嫂子相好，故要荐与他去的。”希大笑骂道：“老花子，一件正事，说说就放出屁来了。” 正说笑间，只见玳安儿转来了，因对西门庆说道：“他二爹不在家，俺对他二娘说来。二娘听了，好不欢喜，说道：‘既是你西门爹携带你二爹做兄弟，那有个不来的。等来家我与他说，至期以定撺掇他来，多拜上爹。’又与了小的两件茶食来了。”西门庆对应、谢二人道：“自这花二哥，倒好个伶俐标致娘子儿。”说毕，又拿一盏茶吃了，二人一齐起身道：“哥，别了罢，咱好去通知众兄弟，纠他分资来。哥这里先去与吴道官说声。”西门庆道：“我知道了，我也不留你罢。”于是一齐送出大门来。应伯爵走了几步，回转来道：“那日可要叫唱的？”西门庆道：“这也罢了，弟兄们说说笑笑，到有趣些。”说毕，伯爵举手，和希大一路去了。 话休饶舌，捻指过了四五日，却是十月初一日。西门庆早起，刚在月娘房里坐的，只见一个才留头的小厮儿，手里拿着个描金退光拜匣，走将进来，向西门庆磕了一个头儿，立起来站在旁边说道：“俺是花家，俺爹多拜上西门爹。那日西门爹这边叫大官儿请俺爹去，俺爹有事出门了，不曾当面领教的。闻得爹这边是初三日上会，俺爹特使小的先送这些分资来，说爹这边胡乱先用着，等明日爹这里用过多少派开，该俺爹多少，再补过来便了。”西门庆拿起封袋一看，签上写着“分资一两”，便道：“多了，不消补的。到后日叫爹莫往那去，起早就要同众爹上庙去。 ”那小厮儿应道：“小的知道。”刚待转身，被吴月娘唤住，叫大丫头玉箫在食箩里拣了两件蒸酥果馅儿与他。因说道：“这是与你当茶的。你到家拜上你家娘，你说西门大娘说，迟几日还要请娘过去坐半日儿哩。”那小厮接了，又磕了一个头儿，应着去了。 西门庆才打发花家小厮出门，只见应伯爵家应宝夹着个拜匣，玳安儿引他进来见了，磕了头，说道：“俺爹纠了众爹们分资，叫小的送来，爹请收了。”西门庆取出来看，共总八封，也不拆看，都交与月娘，道：“你收了，到明日上庙，好凑着买东西。”说毕，打发应宝去了。立起身到那边看卓二姐。刚走到坐下，只见玉箫走来，说道：“娘请爹说话哩。”西门庆道：“怎的起先不说来？”随即又到上房，看见月娘摊着些纸包在面前，指着笑道：“你看这些分子，止有应二的是一钱二分八成银子，其余也有三分的，也有五分的，都是些红的黄的，倒象金子一般。 咱家也曾没见这银子来，收他的也污个名，不如掠还他罢。”西门庆道：“你也耐烦，丢着罢，咱多的也包补，在乎这些！”说着一直往前去了。 到了次日初二日，西门庆称出四两银子，叫家人来兴儿买了一口猪、一口羊、五六坛金华酒和香烛纸札、鸡鸭案酒之物，又封了五钱银子，旋叫了大家人来保和玳安儿、来兴三个：“送到玉皇庙去，对你吴师父说：‘俺爹明日结拜兄弟，要劳师父做纸疏辞，晚夕就在师父这里散福。烦师父与俺爹预备预备，俺爹明早便来。 ’”只见玳安儿去了一会，来回说：“已送去了，吴师父说知道了。” 须臾，过了初二，次日初三早，西门庆起来梳洗毕，叫玳安儿：“你去请花二爹，到咱这里吃早饭，一同好上庙去。一发到应二叔家，叫他催催众人。”玳安应诺去，刚请花子虚到来，只见应伯爵和一班兄弟也来了，却正是前头所说的这几个人。为头的便是应伯爵，谢希大、孙天化、祝念实、吴典恩、云理守、常峙节、白赉光，连西门庆、花子虚共成十个。进门来一齐箩圈作了一个揖。伯爵道：“咱时 候好去了。”西门庆道：“也等吃了早饭着。”便叫：“拿茶来。”一面叫：“看菜儿。”须臾，吃毕早饭，西门庆换了一身衣服，打选衣帽光鲜，一齐径往玉皇庙来。 不到数里之遥，早望见那座庙门，造得甚是雄峻。但见：殿宇嵯峨，宫墙高耸。正面前起着一座墙门八字，一带都粉赭色红泥；进里边列着三条甬道川纹，四方都砌水痕白石。正殿上金碧辉煌，两廊下檐阿峻峭。三清圣祖庄严宝相列中央，太上老君背倚青牛居后殿。 进入第二重殿后，转过一重侧门，却是吴道官的道院。进的门来，两下都是些瑶草琪花，苍松翠竹。西门庆抬头一看，只见两边门楹上贴着一副对联道：洞府无穷岁月，壶天别有乾坤。 上面三间敞厅，却是吴道官朝夕做作功课的所在。当日铺设甚是齐整，上面挂的是昊天金阙玉皇上帝，两边列着的紫府星官，侧首挂着便是马、赵、温、关四大元帅。当下吴道官却又在经堂外躬身迎接。西门庆一起人进入里边，献茶已罢，众人都起身，四围观看。白赉光携着常峙节手儿，从左边看将过来，一到马元帅面前，见这元帅威风凛凛，相貌堂堂，面上画着三只眼睛，便叫常峙节道：“哥，这却是怎的说？如今世界，开只眼闭只眼儿便好，还经得多出只眼睛看人破绽哩！”应伯爵听见，走过来道：“呆兄弟，他多只眼儿看你倒不好么？”众人笑了。常峙节便指着下首温元帅道：“二哥，这个通身蓝的，却也古怪，敢怕是卢杞的祖宗。”伯爵笑着猛叫道：“吴先生你过来，我与你说个笑话儿。”那吴道官真个走过来听他。 伯爵道：“一个道家死去，见了阎王，阎王问道：‘你是什么人？’道者说：‘是道士。’阎王叫判官查他，果系道士，且无罪孽。这等放他还魂。只见道士转来，路上遇着一个染房中的博士，原认得的，那博士问道：‘师父，怎生得转来？’道者说：‘我是道士，所以放我转来。’那博士记了，见阎王时也说是道士。那阎王叫查他身上，只见伸出两只手来是蓝的，问其何故。那博士打着宣科的声音道：‘曾与温元帅搔胞。’”说的众人大笑。一面又转过右首来，见下首供着个红脸的却是关帝。上首又是一个黑面的是赵元坛元帅，身边画着一个大老虎。白赉光指着道：“哥，你看这老虎，难道是吃素的，随着人不妨事么？”伯爵笑道：“你不知，这老虎是他一个亲随的伴当儿哩。”谢希大听得走过来，伸出舌头道：“这等一个伴当随着，我一刻也成不的。我不怕他要吃我么？”伯爵笑着向西门庆道：“这等亏他怎地过来！”西门庆道：“却怎的说？”伯爵道：“子纯一个要吃他的伴当随不的，似我们这等七八个要吃你的随你，却不吓死了你罢了。”说着，一齐正大笑时，吴道官走过来，说道：“官人们讲这老虎，只俺这清河县，这两日好不受这老虎的亏！往来的人也不知吃了多少，就是猎户，也害死了十来人。”西门庆问道：“是怎的来？”吴道官道：“官人们还不知道。不然我也不晓的，只因日前一个小 徒，到沧州横海郡柴大官人那里去化些钱粮，整整住了五七日，才得过来。俺这清河县近着沧州路上，有一条景阳冈，冈上新近出了一个吊睛白额老虎，时常出来吃人。客商过往，好生难走，必须要成群结伙而过。如今县里现出着五十两赏钱，要拿他，白拿不得。可怜这些猎户，不知吃了多少限棒哩！”白赉光跳起来道：“咱今日结拜了，明日就去拿他，也得些银子使。”西门庆道：“你性命不值钱么？” 白赉光笑道：“有了银子，要性命怎的！”众人齐笑起来。应伯爵道：“我再说个笑话你们听：一个人被虎衔了，他儿子要救他，拿刀去杀那虎。这人在虎口里叫道：‘儿子，你省可而的砍，怕砍坏了虎皮。’”说着众人哈哈大笑。 只见吴道官打点牲礼停当，来说道：“官人们烧纸罢。”一面取出疏纸来，说：“疏已写了，只是那位居长？那位居次？排列了，好等小道书写尊讳。”众人一齐道：“这自然是西门大官人居长。”西门庆道：“这还是叙齿，应二哥大如我，是应二哥居长。”伯爵伸着舌头道：“爷，可不折杀小人罢了！如今年时，只好叙些财势，那里好叙齿！若叙齿，这还有大如我的哩。且是我做大哥，有两件不妥：第一不如大官人有威有德，众兄弟都服你；第二我原叫做应二哥，如今居长，却又要叫应大哥，倘或有两个人来，一个叫‘应二哥’，一个叫‘应大哥’，我还是应‘应二哥’，应‘应大哥’呢？”西门庆笑道：“你这［扌刍］断肠子的，单有这些闲说的！”谢希大道：“哥，休推了。”西门庆再三谦让，被花子虚、应伯爵等一干人逼勒不过，只得做了大哥。第二便是应伯爵，第三谢希大，第四让花子虚有钱做了四哥。其余挨次排列。吴道官写完疏纸，于是点起香烛，众人依次排列。吴道官伸开疏纸朗声读道：维大宋国山东东平府清河县信士西门庆、应伯爵、谢希大、花子虚、孙天化、祝念实、云理守、吴典恩、常峙节、白赉光等，是日沐手焚香请旨。伏为桃园义重，众心仰慕而敢效其风；管鲍情深，各姓追维而欲同其志。况四海皆可兄弟，岂异姓不如骨肉？是以涓今政和年月日，营备猪羊牲礼，鸾驭金资，瑞叩斋坛，虔诚请祷，拜投昊天金阙玉皇上帝，五方值日功曹，本县城隍社令，过往一切神［礻氏］，仗此真香，普同鉴察。伏念庆等生虽异日，死冀同时，期盟言之永固；安乐与共，颠沛相扶，思缔结以常新。必富贵常念贫穷，乃始终有所依倚。情共日往以月来，谊若天高而地厚。伏愿自盟以后，相好无尤，更祈人人增有永之年，户户庆无疆之福。凡在时中，全叨覆庇，谨疏。 政和年月日文疏吴道官读毕，众人拜神已罢，依次又在神前交拜了八拜。然后送神，焚化钱纸，收下福礼去。不一时，吴道官又早叫人把猪羊卸开，鸡鱼果品之类整理停当，俱是大碗大盘摆下两桌，西门庆居于首席，其余依次而坐，吴道官侧席相陪。须臾，酒过数巡，众人猜枚行令，耍笑哄堂，不必细说。正是：才见扶桑日出，又看曦驭衔山。 醉后倩人扶去，树梢新月弯弯。 饮酒热闹间，只见玳安儿来附西门庆耳边说道：“娘叫小的接爹来了，说三娘今日发昏哩，请爹早些家去。”西门庆随即立起来说道：“不是我摇席破座，委的我第三个小妾十分病重，咱先去休。”只见花子虚道：“咱与哥同路，咱两个一搭儿去罢。”伯爵道：“你两个财主的都去了，丢下俺们怎的！花二哥你再坐回去。 ”西门庆道：“他家无人，俺两个一搭里去的是，省和他嫂子疑心。”玳安儿道：“小的来时，二娘也叫天福儿备马来了。”只见一个小厮走近前，向子虚道：“马在这里，娘请爹家去哩。”于是二人一齐起身，向吴道官致谢打搅，与伯爵等举手道：“你们自在耍耍，我们去也。”说着出门上马去了。单留下这几个嚼倒泰山不谢土的，在庙流连痛饮不题。 却表西门庆到家，与花子虚别了进来，问吴月娘：“卓二姐怎的发昏来？”月娘道：“我说一个病人在家，恐怕你搭了这起人又缠到那里去了，故此叫玳安儿恁地说。只是一日日觉得重来，你也要在家看他的是。”西门庆听了，往那边去看，连日在家守着不题。 却说光阴过隙，又早是十月初十外了。一日，西门庆正使小厮请太医诊视卓二姐病症，刚走到厅上，只见应伯爵笑嘻嘻走将进来。西门庆与他作了揖，让他坐了。伯爵道：“哥，嫂子病体如何？”西门庆道：“多分有些不起解，不知怎的好。 ”因问：“你们前日多咱时分才散？”伯爵道：“承吴道官再三苦留，散时也有二更多天气。咱醉的要不的，倒是哥早早来家的便益些。”西门庆因问道：“你吃了饭不曾？”伯爵不好说不曾吃，因说道：“哥，你试猜。”西门庆道：“你敢是吃了？”伯爵掩口道：“这等猜不着。”西门庆笑道：“怪狗才，不吃便说不曾吃，有这等张致的！”一面叫小厮：“看饭来，咱与二叔吃。”伯爵笑道：“不然咱也吃了来了，咱听得一件稀罕的事儿，来与哥说，要同哥去瞧瞧。”西门庆道：“甚么稀罕的？”伯爵道：“就是前日吴道官所说的景阳冈上那只大虫，昨日被一个人一顿拳头打死了。”西门庆道：“你又来胡说了，咱不信。”伯爵道：“哥，说也不信，你听着，等我细说。”于是手舞足蹈说道：“这个人有名有姓，姓武名松，排行第二。”先前怎的避难在柴大官人庄上，后来怎的害起病来，病好了又怎的要去寻他哥哥，过这景阳冈来，怎的遇了这虎，怎的怎的被他一顿拳脚打死了。一五一十说来，就象是亲见的一般，又象这只猛虎是他打的一般。说毕，西门庆摇着头儿道：“既恁的，咱与你吃了饭同去看来。”伯爵道：“哥，不吃罢，怕误过了。 咱们倒不如大街上酒楼上去坐罢。”只见来兴儿来放桌儿，西门庆道：“对你娘说，叫别要看饭了，拿衣服来我穿。” 须臾，换了衣服，与伯爵手拉着手儿同步出来。路上撞着谢希大，笑道：“哥们，敢是来看打虎的么？”西门庆道：“正是。”谢希大道：“大街上好挨挤不开哩。”于是一同到临街一个大酒楼上坐下。不一时，只听得锣鸣鼓响，众人都一齐瞧看。只见一对对缨枪的猎户，摆将过来，后面便是那打死的老虎，好象锦布袋一般，四个人还抬不动。末后一匹大白马上，坐着一个壮士，就是那打虎的这个人。 西门庆看了，咬着指头道：“你说这等一个人，若没有千百斤水牛般气力，怎能够动他一动儿。”这里三个儿饮酒评品，按下不题。 单表迎来的这个壮士怎生模样？但见：雄躯凛凛，七尺以上身材；阔面棱棱，二十四五年纪。双目直竖，远望处犹如两点明星；两手握来，近觑时好似一双铁碓。脚尖飞起，深山虎豹失精魂；拳手落时，穷谷熊罴皆丧魄。头戴着一顶万字头巾，上簪两朵银花；身穿着一领血腥衲袄，披着一方红锦。 这人不是别人，就是应伯爵说所阳谷县的武二郎。只为要来寻他哥子，不意中打死了这个猛虎，被知县迎请将来。众人看着他迎入县里。却说这时正值知县升堂，武松下马进去，扛着大虫在厅前。知县看了武松这般模样，心中自忖道：“不恁地，怎打得这个猛虎！”便唤武松上厅。参见毕，将打虎首尾诉说一遍。两边官吏都吓呆了。知县在厅上赐了三杯酒，将库中众土户出纳的赏钱五十两，赐与武松。武松禀道：“小人托赖相公福荫，偶然侥幸打死了这个大虫，非小人之能，如何敢受这些赏赐！众猎户因这畜生，受了相公许多责罚，何不就把赏给散与众人，也显得相公恩典。”知县道：“既是如此，任从壮士处分。”武松就把这五十两赏钱，在厅上散与众猎户傅去了。知县见他仁德忠厚，又是一条好汉，有心要抬举他，便道：“你虽是阳谷县人氏，与我这清河县只在咫尺。我今日就参你在我县里做个巡捕的都头，专在河东水西擒拿贼盗，你意下如何？”武松跪谢道：“若蒙恩相抬举，小 人终身受赐。”知县随即唤押司立了文案，当日便参武松做了巡捕都头。众里长大户都来与武松作贺庆喜，连连吃了数日酒。正要回阳谷县去抓寻哥哥，不料又在清河县做了都头，却也欢喜。那时传得东平一府两县，皆知武松之名。正是：壮士英雄艺略芳，挺身直上景阳冈。 醉来打死山中虎，自此声名播四方。 却说武松一日在街上闲行，只听背后一个人叫道：“兄弟，知县相公抬举你做了巡捕都头，怎不看顾我！”武松回头见了这人，不觉的──欣从额角眉边出，喜逐欢容笑口开。 这人不是别人，却是武松日常间要去寻他的嫡亲哥哥武大。却说武大自从兄弟分别之后，因时遭饥馑，搬移在清河县紫石街赁房居住。人见他为人懦弱，模样猥蕤，起了他个浑名叫做三寸丁谷树皮，俗语言其身上粗糙，头脸窄狭故也。只因他这般软弱朴实，多欺侮也。这也不在话下。且说武大无甚生意，终日挑担子出去街上卖炊饼度日，不幸把浑家故了，丢下个女孩儿，年方十二岁，名唤迎儿，爷儿两个过活。那消半年光景，又消折了资本，移在大街坊张大户家临街房居住。张宅家下人见他本分，常看顾他，照顾他依旧卖些炊饼。闲时在铺中坐地，武大无不奉承。因此张宅家下人个个都欢喜，在大户面前一力与他说方便。因此大户连房钱也不问武大要。 却说这张大户有万贯家财，百间房屋，年约六旬之上，身边寸男尺女皆无。妈妈余氏，主家严厉，房中并无清秀使女。只因大户时常拍胸叹气道：“我许大年纪，又无儿女，虽有几贯家财，终何大用。”妈妈道：“既然如此说，我叫媒人替你买两个使女，早晚习学弹唱，服侍你便了。”大户听了大喜，谢了妈妈。过了几时 ，妈妈果然叫媒人来，与大户买了两个使女，一个叫做潘金莲，一个唤做白玉莲。 玉莲年方二八，乐户人家出身，生得白净小巧。这潘金莲却是南门外潘裁的女儿，排行六姐。因他自幼生得有些姿色，缠得一双好小脚儿，所以就叫金莲。他父亲死了，做娘的度日不过，从九岁卖在王招宣府里，习学弹唱，闲常又教他读书写字。 他本性机变伶俐，不过十二三，就会描眉画眼，傅粉施朱，品竹弹丝，女工针指，知书识字，梳一个缠髻儿，着一件扣身衫子，做张做致，乔模乔样。到十五岁的时 节，王招宣死了，潘妈妈争将出来，三十两银子转卖于张大户家，与玉莲同时进门。大户教他习学弹唱，金莲原自会的，甚是省力。金莲学琵琶，玉莲学筝，这两个同房歇卧。主家婆余氏初时甚是抬举二人，与他金银首饰装束身子。后日不料白玉莲死了，止落下金莲一人，长成一十八岁，出落的脸衬桃花，眉弯新月。张大户每要收他，只碍主家婆厉害，不得到手。一日主家婆邻家赴席不在，大户暗把金莲唤至房中，遂收用了。正是：莫讶天台相见晚，刘郎还是老刘郎。 大户自从收用金莲之后，不觉身上添了四五件病症。端的那五件？第一腰便添疼，第二眼便添泪，第三耳便添聋，第四鼻便添涕，第五尿便添滴。自有了这几件病后，主家婆颇知其事，与大户嚷骂了数日，将金莲百般苦打。大户知道不容，却赌气倒赔了房奁，要寻嫁得一个相应的人家。大户家下人都说武大忠厚，见无妻小 ，又住着宅内房儿，堪可与他。这大户早晚还要看觑此女，因此不要武大一文钱，白白地嫁与他为妻。这武大自从娶了金莲，大户甚是看顾他。若武大没本钱做炊饼，大户私与他银两。武大若挑担儿出去，大户候无人，便踅入房中与金莲厮会。武大虽一时撞见，原是他的行货，不敢声言。朝来暮往，也有多时。忽一日大户得患阴寒病症，呜呼死了。主家婆察知其事，怒令家僮将金莲、武大即时赶出。武大故此遂寻了紫石街西王皇亲房子，赁内外两间居住，依旧卖炊饼。 原来这金莲自嫁武大，见他一味老实，人物猥［犭衰］，甚是憎嫌，常与他合气。报怨大户：“普天世界断生了男子，何故将我嫁与这样个货！每日牵着不走，打着倒退的，只是一味［口床］酒，着紧处却是锥钯也不动。奴端的那世里悔气，却嫁了他！是好苦也！”常无人处，唱个《山坡羊》为证：想当初，姻缘错配，奴把你当男儿汉看觑。不是奴自己夸奖，他乌鸦怎配鸾凤对！奴真金子埋在土里，他是块高号铜，怎与俺金色比！他本是块顽石，有甚福抱着我羊脂玉体！好似粪土上长出灵芝。奈何，随他怎样，到底奴心不美。听知：奴是块金砖，怎比泥土基！ 看官听说：但凡世上妇女，若自己有几分颜色，所禀伶俐，配个好男子便罢了，若是武大这般，虽好杀也未免有几分憎嫌。自古佳人才子相配着的少，买金偏撞不着卖金的。 武大每日自挑担儿出去卖炊饼，到晚方归。那妇人每日打发武大出门，只在帘子下嗑瓜子儿，一径把那一对小金莲故露出来，勾引浮浪子弟，日逐在门前弹胡博词，撒谜语，叫唱：“一块好羊肉，如何落在狗嘴里？”油似滑的言语，无般不说出来。因此武大在紫石街又住不牢，要往别处搬移，与老婆商议。妇人道：“贼馄饨不晓事的，你赁人家房住，浅房浅屋，可知有小人罗唣！不如添几两银子，看相应的，典上他两间住，却也气概些，免受人欺侮。”武大道：“我那里有钱典房？”妇人道：“呸！浊才料，你是个男子汉，倒摆布不开，常交老娘受气。没有银子，把我的钗梳凑办了去，有何难处！过后有了再治不迟。”武大听老婆这般说，当下凑了十数两银子，典得县门前楼上下两层四间房屋居住。第二层是楼，两个小小院落，甚是干净。 武大自从搬到县西街上来，照旧卖炊饼过活，不想这日撞见自己嫡亲兄弟。当日兄弟相见，心中大喜。一面邀请到家中，让至楼上坐，房里唤出金莲来，与武松相见。因说道：“前日景阳冈上打死大虫的，便是你的小叔。今新充了都头，是我一母同胞兄弟。”那妇人叉手向前，便道：“叔叔万福。”武松施礼，倒身下拜。 妇人扶住武松道：“叔叔请起，折杀奴家。”武松道：“嫂嫂受礼。”两个相让了一回，都平磕了头起来。少顷，小女迎儿拿茶，二人吃了。武松见妇人十分妖娆，只把头来低着。不多时，武大安排酒饭，款待武松。 说话中间，武大下楼买酒菜去了，丢下妇人，独自在楼上陪武松坐地。看了武松身材凛凛，相貌堂堂，又想他打死了那大虫，毕竟有千百斤气力。口中不说，心下思量道：“一母所生的兄弟，怎生我家那身不满尺的丁树，三分似人七分似鬼，奴那世里遭瘟撞着他来！如今看起武松这般人壮健，何不叫他搬来我家住？想这段姻缘却在这里了。”于是一面堆下笑来，问道：“叔叔你如今在那里居住？每日饭食谁人整理？”武松道：“武二新充了都头，逐日答应上司，别处住不方便，胡乱在县前寻了个下处，每日拨两个土兵伏侍做饭。”妇人道：“叔叔何不搬来家里住 ？省的在县前土兵服侍做饭腌［月赞］。一家里住，早晚要些汤水吃时，也方便些。就是奴家亲自安排与叔叔吃，也干净。”武松道：“深谢嫂嫂。”妇人又道：“莫不别处有婶婶？可请来厮会。”武松道：“武二并不曾婚娶。”妇人道：“叔叔青春多少？”武松道：“虚度二十八岁。”妇人道：“原来叔叔倒长奴三岁。叔叔今番从那里来？”武松道：“在沧州住了一年有馀，只想哥哥在旧房居住，不道移在这里。”妇人道：“一言难尽。自从嫁得你哥哥，吃他忒善了，被人欺负，才到这里来。若是叔叔这般雄壮，谁敢道个不字！”武松道：“家兄从来本分，不似武松撒泼。”妇人笑道：“怎的颠倒说！常言：人无刚强，安身不长。奴家平生性快，看不上那三打不回头，四打和身转的”武松道：“家兄不惹祸，免得嫂嫂忧心。 ”二人在楼上一递一句的说。有诗为证：叔嫂萍踪得偶逢，娇娆偏逞秀仪容。 私心便欲成欢会，暗把邪言钓武松。 话说金莲陪着武松正在楼上说话未了，只见武大买了些肉菜果饼归家。放在厨，走上楼来，叫道：“大嫂，你且下来则个。”那妇人应道：“你看那不晓事的，！叔叔在此无人陪侍，却交我撇了下去。”武松道：“嫂嫂请方便。”妇人道：“何不去间壁请王乾娘来安排？只是这般不见便。”武大便自去央了间壁王婆来。安排端正，都拿上楼来，摆在桌子上，无非是些鱼肉果菜点心之类。随即烫酒上来。 武大叫妇人坐了主位，武松对席，武大打横。三人坐下，把酒来斟，武大筛酒在各人面前。那妇人拿起酒来道：“叔叔休怪，没甚管待，请杯儿水酒。”武松道：“感谢嫂嫂，休这般说。”武大只顾上下筛酒，那妇人笑容可掬，满口儿叫：“叔叔，怎的肉果儿也不拣一箸儿？”拣好的递将过来。武松是个直性的汉子，只把做亲嫂嫂相待。谁知这妇人是个使女出身，惯会小意儿。亦不想这妇人一片引人心。那妇人陪武松吃了几杯酒，一双眼只看着武松的身上。武松吃他看不过，只得倒低了头。吃了一歇，酒阑了，便起身。武大道：“二哥没事，再吃几杯儿去。”武松道：“生受，我再来望哥哥嫂嫂罢。”都送下楼来。出的门外，妇人便道：“叔叔是必上心搬来家里住，若是不搬来，俺两口儿也吃别人笑话。亲兄弟难比别人，与我们争口气，也是好处。”武松道：“既是嫂嫂厚意，今晚有行李便取来。”妇人道：“奴这里等候哩！” 正是：满前野意无人识，几点碧桃春自开。 Chinese Ming Dynasty novel. A book about Long Khanh to Wanli. Authorship Lan Ling Xiao Xiao Sheng. Lan Ling this is Zaozhuang, Shandong of people around. "Golden Lotus" 100 back, its version is twofold: first, forty-five years Wanli (1617) A Pearl Alley Soochow preface of the "Golden Lotus"; the other is engraved revealed between the "original Golden Lotus." Basically the same content in two versions, the later edition, is essentially a revelation edition system. "Golden Lotus" by the "Water Margin" in Law from a story in the introduction, both by bureaucrats, tyrants, rich three kinds of feudal times as a representative figure of Ximen philistine forces and their families described life of crime, exposure to the Northern Song the middle of the darkness and corruption of society, has a more profound understanding of values. "Golden Lotus" depicts a court within the good at the right of self-Taishi dictatorship, bureaucratic bullies down to the local marketplace as well as between the local ruffians, hooligans, hack posed by the demon world. Ximen rich man was originally a run-down, raw herbal medicine shop owner. He was good at Yinyuan personal gain, curry favor with powerful, taking litigation in the county, transportation officials, the magistrate prefect are with him. He unscrupulously ripping and wealth, licentious lust, evil. He robbed the widow of property, lured sworn brother's wife, occupation of private girls, murder concubines of the husband. To meet the insatiable desire for pleasure, he did do wicked things. However, because of official backing, in particular, have taken the bait towards the prime minister Cai Jing climbing Results and worship it as foster parent, which makes him not only not been duly punished, and the best of both worlds, rise higher and higher. These descriptions reflect after the middle Ming Dynasty, the court on the landlord and the local elite in collusion between officials and businessmen, press people, and amass all sorts of shady money. "Jin Ping Mei" in Chinese literary history of the first novel by the author independently created. Since then, scholars writing novels to become mainstream. "Golden Lotus" before the novel, everyone based on historical stories or myths, legends. "Golden Lotus" out of this tradition to the real world the characters and family life as a theme, the Chinese novel Realistic creation maturity, after his "Dream of Red Mansions" appears essential to explore and do preparation. Thought Content: "Golden Lotus" is a description of family life to the theme of realist masterpiece, it pretensions Song old things, in fact, show that the late Ming politics and society's ugly face, with deep connotation of the times. Third, the "Golden Lotus" there are serious flaws, mainly in three aspects: First, Heaven has a strong ideological fatalism cycle, making the color of the second half is full of nothing; Second, there is a lot of low-level description of the vulgar, dilute exposure to the novel's strength; three even more important is the lack of writers should have the conscience and sense of responsibility, in the trial "ugly" and addicted to "ugly" wandering between, making the ideal work completely lost the spirit of the book the characters are sick, deformed, and the whole work did not see the light and hope. "Golden Lotus" Artistic Achievement As a means of realism with a modern literary masterpiece, "Golden Lotus" is a milestone in the development of ancient Chinese novels. It breaks the traditional pattern of Chinese novels, in art than in previous novels have a wide range of development and innovation, the evolution of ancient Chinese novels have made historic contributions. First, subject matter, from the description of heroes, gods demons turned to family life and ordinary people. It is the first state to family life and the world as the theme of the novel human, primarily through the life experience of ordinary people to express social changes, the reality of a strong, clear the times, which marks the gradient of the ancient art of the novel increasingly mature and realistic writing major development methods, this novel after the world situation the world has opened up broad themes, and making it mainstream novel since. Second, the creation is, from conception praises vision into focus expose the dark, ugly performance from the performance into the United States. "Golden Lotus" before the novel, the criticism of society's dark at the same time, more of a focus on celebrating the beautiful idea, showing a strong romanticism; and "Golden Lotus" is achieved the concept of the Chinese classic novels of great change, great Write the worldly evil, ugly life, is a thorough exposure to literature. Performance when it is ugly, often with a line drawing techniques, figures reveal the contradictions between words and actions to achieve the effect of the strong irony that after writing this satire have a great impact. Third, characterization, from a single tone into a multi-tone shift from the plane of the three-dimensional. "Golden Lotus" the narrative focus from the past to the organization of the story oriented to describe the main characters, and the novel character to overcome the previous single, coagulation tendency, focusing on various aspects, characterization of multi-level character, to reveal detailed figures, such as micro-complex inner world of characters appearing in some of the contradictions of both beauty and ugliness portfolio, writing a character's richness, mobility. Fourth, the narrative structure, from linear development to network intertwined. Prior to the novel is essentially linked together by a story, using the structure is linear, and "Golden Lotus" starting from the complexity of life, the development of network structure. Rise and Fall of the book, a history of around Ximen carried out, and to the center of radiation to the entire community, so that views are intricately linked to form a book, the plot interlinked web of life, both the multitude of things, but also seamless. Fifth, in the language arts, from Storytelling spoken language development for the marketplace. Prior to the language of the novel by "talking" the artistic skills of "Three Kingdoms" is the mixed white Kingdoms of language, to the "Water Margin", "Journey to the West," the maturing of the vernacular language, but also towards the standardization and Ya-domesticated direction, and "Golden Lotus" it represents the development of novel language on the other hand, that follow the colloquial, vulgar in the direction of development. It is fresh and vivid use of public speaking, the marketplace is full of rich flavor dripping, especially good at the language used to characterize individual character, and looked all look very much like tone. "Golden Lotus" version and 80 years since the publication of case "Golden Lotus" version can be divided into two systems: 1. If the word is also called Wanli this (that is, the Ming Dynasty edition "Golden Lotus"), is an early version, there are folk rap color, language, narratives are more primitive, with the original style. 2. Illustrated (Zhang Comments) This, also known as Chongzhen this (that is, between Chong edition), this book has 200 woodcut illustrations, the full name of the "new criticism of Juan Illustrated Golden Lotus," it said, Illustrated book, is then processed through the literary polish , a fairly standard text, literary stronger, but the early primitive style has been affected, some literati preaching colors. Later Qing Zhang Zhupo a Comment on this version, after the popular commentaries, Chongzhen the assessment will be the replacement for Zhang, now Chongzhen are basically sheets of the Commentary. Words of the system (Wanli this) First, the "new engraved words ending in" social issue by 1957, according to ancient literature in October 1933, "Beijing will print and publish Lost Ancient Novel," reprinted copy of two letters twenty-one, 200 illustrations combined into one. Second, the "Golden Lotus" Daihong Sen School, People's Literature Publishing House in May 1985 edition, abbreviated version, all volumes, 10,000 print run. Third, "Jin Ping Mei School Note" Yong Feng their advisers, Bai Weiguo, Jian Pu school note, Yuelu bookstore in August 1995 edition, all four volumes of a letter, printing of 3,000 copies. Fourth, "Jin Ping Mei" with (a) of the People's Literature Publishing House, according to copies of the reprinted 1957, April 1988 edition. Two-letter 21, Figure 1, wire-bound. Fifth, the "Golden Lotus" with (b) Dai Hongsen School, People's Literature Press, 2000. All volumes for the "Library of World Literature" series. Illustrated in this system (Chongzhen this) Sixth, the "new criticism carved Illustrated Golden Lotus," Peking University Press. Rare Books of the Peking University Library, according to the Beijing University library copy. August 1988 edition, printed volume is not marked. 4 letter and 36, each time two illustrations, book is 200. Text page 20, line 22 characters punctuate the text there, the line between approved and a head notes folder. Seven, the "new criticism carved Illustrated Golden Lotus", "The Complete Works of Li Yu" (the first edition of 20) The book included 12,13,14. Zhang Bing, the more points the school Gu, Huang Lin validation, Zhejiang Ancient Books Publishing House in August 1991 edition, printed volume of 3,500 units. Illustrations 100, attached to the frontispiece. A _truncate_d, but not specify number of words, _delete_ the text to "□" marked. (Second Edition 12 of the "Complete Works of Li Yu" with two included, this is the Chongzhen this) Eight, "Jin Ping Mei" Chongzhen the full version will be the school, Wang Rumei will be school, Qi Lu Press June 1989 edition. The book is based on documents approved by the State Press and Publication Administration, as published in academic research needs. This is the "Golden Lotus" Chongzhen the first published since the advent of typography of this, word for word deletion, 200 illustrations according to original copy. Photo Review of the system (Zhang Zhupo Commentary) Nine, "Study of the Comments First Masterpieces Golden Lotus" Wangru Mei, Li Zhao Xun STUDIES IN tree school points. Qi Lu Press, 1987 edition, all volumes, printed volume of 10,000 units. (This is a Photo Review of the) abbreviated version, indicate the number of words _delete_d from the book were _delete_d 10,385 words. Ten, "Gao Tsurudo critical first Masterpieces Golden Lotus" Wang Rumei School Notes, Jilin University Press, October 1994 edition, printed volume of 3,000 units, all two, every time a school record comments. Abbreviated version, not indicated in the words, deletion of "..." marked. (This is the Photo Review B) Will be based XI, "The Golden Lotus will be based," Zhonghua Book Company, March 1998 edition. All three volumes. The book is the People's Literature Publishing House in May 1985 edition Daihong Sen School, Chongzhen this, Zhang assessment will be a book of the three schools, with deletions at the original book. Golden Lotus of the research data and 1, the bottle Zhiyan (consonance with Yao, Tianjin Books 1940 Edition) Research papers and book is divided into two parts, the words to explain, is the first "Golden Lotus" research monographs, reflecting the half of the twentieth century, the level of research. 2, Golden Lotus research (Zhu star forward, Baihua Literature and Art Publishing House 1980 Edition) The book of the "Golden Lotus" version, of issues such as Dynasty, was published after the founding of the first "Golden Lotus" research monographs, and its publication represents a new research era. 3, Jin Ping Mei compiled young things (Wei Ziyun the Taiwan Sage Books 1981 edition) The book will be "Golden Lotus" were arranged in chronological story, looking for clues to solve the author, writing the times and other issues. Wei Ziyun most productive for the twentieth century the "Golden Lotus" expert, Author of nearly twenty "Golden Lotus" Research Monographs. 4, on the Jin Ping Mei (Wu Han and others, Wen-Bin Hu, Zhang Qingshan _Select_ed, arts and culture Press, 1984 Edition) Featured twentieth century, the book 80 years ago a representative of the papers, is a large influence, "Golden Lotus" research papers. 5, Golden Lotus compilation (Zhu Yixuan series, Nankai University Press, 1985.) Book is divided into skill, the author, version, comment, the impact of five parts, featuring information about the research Golden Lotus, Golden Lotus is the first compilation. 6, The Golden Lotus of the world (Wen-Bin Hu Code, Northern Arts Press, 1987.) _Select_ the book collection of overseas scholars, "Jin Ping Mei," the paper 20, reflecting the eighties of the twentieth century than overseas "Golden Lotus" case study. 7, "Jin Ping Mei Dictionary" (Wang weapon editor, Jilin Literature and History Press, 1988 edition.) The book included "Golden Lotus" all kinds of words 4588, to explain, to read the works provide a great convenience. 8, Golden Lotus study (first series, the Chinese Society of Golden Lotus series, Jiangsu Ancient Book Publishing House, 1990 edition) This is the only kind of "Golden Lotus" research journals, published from time to time, has been out to the eighth series. Representative of the twentieth century the level of research since the eighties, reflecting the boom in this period of Jin Ping Mei scene. 9, Golden Lotus material sources (Zhou Jun Tao a, Academic Press, 1991 Edition Books) The book of the "Golden Lotus" creative material for the system, comprehensive analysis and discrimination, contribute to the "Golden Lotus" the author, writing situation, trends of thought and art features such as understanding of the situation. 10, I and Golden Lotus - Readme scholars across the Taiwan Strait (Zhou Jun Tao, Lu song editor, Chengdu Press, 1991 edition) The book contains 23 "Golden Lotus" research written by experts in the readme, we can see that their scholarship experience and decades, "Golden Lotus" of the situation. 11, Jin Ping Mei Dictionary (edited by Lin Huang, Shu Tract 1991 edition) The book is a comprehensive dictionary, covering the "Golden Lotus" in all aspects of reading, appreciation and study the novel has great help. 12,20 Century History of the Study Programme Jin Ping Mei (Wu'm with, Wenhui Press, 2003) The book of the 20th century home and abroad, "Jin Ping Mei" study the situation of systematic, comprehensive introduction, is an informative, data-rich "Golden Lotus" of history. 13, the art of Jin Ping Mei (Sun Shuyu the Taipei Times Publishing Company 1978 edition) The book contains fifteen papers on the "Golden Lotus" Art features a comprehensive, in-depth discussion, somewhat expanded in the research field, is an earlier study from the artistic point of view, "Jin Ping Mei" monograph. 14 characters of The Golden Lotus (Mengchao the Guangming Daily Press, 1985 edition) The book on the works of 27 major figures in the analysis, is a research "Golden Lotus" characters in the books. This was written in 1948 in Hong Kong, "Wen Wei Po" serial. 15, a book with the version of Jin Ping Mei (Liu Hui was, Liaoning Education Press, 1986 edition) The book contains nine papers, and on the "Golden Lotus" book, with versions, commentaries and other issues hackles and Dynasty, and disclosed a number of new data. 16, Golden Lotus Dynasty (Huang Lin book, Liaoning Education Press, 1989 edition) The book contains 28 papers, both on the author, a book version of the Dynasty, but also on the characters, explore the artistic properties, made a number of noteworthy views. 17 Endless Golden Lotus (Zong Ning a significant, Tianjin Social Sciences Press, 1990 Edition) The book from the novel concepts, novel type of ugliness, of sexual description, etc. "Golden Lotus" contribution to the aesthetics of Chinese fiction, there are many new insights. 18, "Golden Lotus" and Chinese culture (Tian Ping Ngok the Jiangsu Art Press, 1992) Book the evolution of cultural development in China under the background of "Golden Lotus" and the canal culture, wine culture, the relationship of culture, focusing on mining work culture, expanded research space. 19, the Art of Jin Ping Mei (Zhou Zhongming the Guangxi Education Press, 1992) The book idea from art, satire, line drawing art, characterization, psychological description, language arts, structure and layout and other aspects of "The Golden Lotus," the artistic achievements of all-round. 20, Golden Lotus sixty title (Chen Chao was, Shanghai Bookstore, 1993) The book to start with small, sub-sixty topics, related to "Jin Ping Mei" in all its aspects. Book length short, lively style, with a strong readability. 21, and the world around the world situation (with Yin Christine Hong, Chinese Press, 1997) The book will work on the late Ming era of cultural background, their culture and Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism culture, cultural, political culture, family culture, ethical culture, urban culture, the relationship between a comprehensive, in-depth analysis. 22, Lines of Flight of The Golden Lotus (Tian Xiaofei the Tianjin People's Publishing House 2003) On the face of the original directly on the work carried out by a very fine back to the interpretation point of view and unique, innovative fold out, reading is a refreshing feeling. 23, Japan, Proceedings of Jin Ping Mei (Huang Lin Wang Guoan _Select_ed Qi Lu Press 1989 edition) 24, Proceedings of Western Jin Ping Mei (Xu Shuofang _Select_ed Shanghai Ancient Books Press, 1987) 25, The Golden Lotus of Fudan University Press "Jin Ping Mei" is the first family as the material of the novel daily life. It is the beginning of the "Water Margin" the story of Ximen and Pan, Pan is not written to kill Wu, married Ximen concubine, which transferred to the main part of the novel, occurring in the family described Ximen a series of events, and colorful characters and society Ximen contacts indulgence until he died, his family ruined, all the concubine diaspora situation. Title of the novel in the three main female (Pan, Li Pinger Chunmei) the name of synthesis. In Dynasty, has "Golden Lotus" copy circulation. Twenty-four years, according to Yuan Zhonglang in Wanli (1596) a letter addressed to Dong Qichang, he had copied from the Board Office was part of the book; Also, according to "Wanli wild allocated", SHEN Fu thirty-seven years in Wanli (1609) Yuan was from the copy at all the middle, carrying to Wu, after about over several years and only edition circulation. Now can see the first edition, frontispiece there is a forty-five years Dimba Wanli (1617) A Pearl Alley Wu Shin sequence and sub-sequence of the "Golden Lotus", a hundred and back, and some researchers think this may be the beginning of edition. Between print and publish Chongzhen subsequently the "new criticism carved Illustrated Jin Ping Mei", is generally considered the former to the commentary. Change its original purpose is mainly to change back, change some of the plot, modified text, and cut the traces of the original words in the word. Qing Emperor Kangxi, Zhang Zhupo Comment "Golden Lotus" was published (the book title page inscribed "First Masterpieces," the word, it is also known as the "first Masterpieces"). It is based on the master copy of the Chongzhen, slightly modified the wording, together with Zhang's back to the assessment, approved the folder, and frontispiece with a "po gossip", "Jin Ping Mei reading method", "Jin Ping Mei meaning that" other monographs . The most widely circulated book in the Qing Dynasty. "Golden Lotus" the author, according to frontispiece, "Showtime child" order, said the "Lan Ling Xiao Xiao Sheng." With the ancient name "Lan Ling" in two places, one in the now Shandong Yicheng county, Jiangsu Wujin county in this to what is is inconclusive. The "Xiao Xiao Sheng," Why study people, and still not be confirmed. SHEN De-Fu in "Wanli wild allocated," said the author is "Jiajing between the big celebrities," Yuan Zhongdao in the "Living Around persimmon recorded," said the author is "Shaoxing old Confucianism," Xie Zhaozhi "Jin Ping Mei Postscript," that the author was "Kingo Qi in the "follower, are vague. Future generations to make this speculation and push test, there have been Shizhen, Lee first, Tu Long, Xu Wei, Tang, Li Yu and so on several different views, but there is no one view can become conclusive. Writing's on, there are two Jiajing and Wanli said researchers generally believed that the latter is. As referenced in the novel "sacrifice headscarf culture", Department of Wanli of the well-known scholars as Tu Long; Ximen feast were written with "Suzhou actors", "sea salt children" acting only after the culture for the Wanli, can be used as evidence . Although the "Golden Lotus" the author is unknown, but it can still be inferred to be China's first independently created by the literary novel. Some people think that, under the "Golden Lotus" retain more traces of the art of rap, the book is quite discord around the plot and characters, many citing previous works, etc., when the novel and the "Three Kingdoms", "Water Margin Biography ", etc., is by a scholar at the basis of folklore adapted from, but this argument untenable. And the "Three Kingdoms" and so different, "Jin Ping Mei" before the invention, there is no content similar to the spread of the prototype works, but according to "Wild Wanli be allocated," the record of view, knowledge of the SHEN Guang Fu Wen Bo, without reading this Before the novel, do not know what this is a book, this one; "Golden Lotus" is a large number of trivialities of everyday life depicted in the novel, not the legendary, story is not strong and not easily divided into relatively independent unit, although the novel widely popular gradually after, there are also pieces for the rap material whichever is the case, but the book, it is not appropriate as a folk rap master copy, the second. The art retains traces of rap and can only be said to be interested in modeling and personal preferences of the performance. Second, the "Golden Lotus" Content and the characteristics of realism "Golden Lotus" First thing to note is that it describes the relationship between officials and businessmen and money to the erosion of feudal politics. In discussing the book Han Yi, Chao Cuo's political papers, had already pointed out: China's feudal society, the long-term adherence to the "Restraining Commerce" policy, there is the power of businessmen have enough money to political power of the core destruction of the feudal hierarchical order form. With economic development, the rise of urban industry and commerce, the damage and after all, is inevitable. It is a late Ming era. From the "Golden Lotus", we see that the early Ming emperor promulgated the "Minglv" on premises, utensils, clothing and other aspects of the provisions of class distinction, when the already useless. Ximen enjoy a matter of luxury, far beyond the bureaucracy in general, as well as their wives and walking in the street, pedestrians will be discussing as "(a) given that the public is out of the house Houfu bit dependents," "is your Qi Huang Sun Jiayan concubine. " The face of this money power of bureaucracy, respect the cops you have to drop. Forty-ninth Cai Yushi write-back romantic literary talent in the Ximen guest, by the generous hospitality, had to accompany the two singing girls night, for his various illegal demands all a promise. The bit most ministers Tsai Taishi, also for accepting the Ximen's gift, gave him a five-title product post of the rationale for punishment Thousand (thirty-back), made a trade power for money; in the past birthday, even more than treatment "Manchao civil and military officials," the courtesy to bring a lot of money the property received to recognize God's House of dry business. As for the bribery of officials, tax evasion, in Ximen is an easy task. Feudal state apparatus in the corrosion of money traders, has lost its original operating capability. And it is with its money and buy Ximen political power, do whatever they want within a certain range, even given this kind of "rhetoric": We have just heard that Fozu Xi-day, but to the gold shop, the house also some nether Chu offerings ten business requirements. It takes only furniture we do good work widely to the rape of the Chang, and rape of the Weaver, abducted by Xu Feiqiong, Pirates of the Queen Mother's daughter, also diminished wealth I splashed day! (Fifty-seventh back) In this regard the novel, although not fully developed, but we can already see: the late Ming Ximen If a representative of the public sectors, then these figures even though it can part with money to buy political power for their own use, but not enough fundamentally affect the strength of this state machine. As a social force, they are neither independent nor active resistance; when they rise, it has been drawn into the corruption of the feudal regime, the process went. Therefore, the vitality of the wantonly abuse the vent, as this type of Ximen object recognition and performance of their own people the way there. To reveal the political corruption, the dark aspects of society, "Jin Ping Mei" is not just involved in collusion, money trading, but very wide and very deep. Although in the past novels have made efforts in this regard, but, as Wang Guowei, "Dream of Red Mansions," said the China Opera, one of the characteristics of the novel is "poetic justice is often said, good man must have its end, and wicked will suffer the punishment. " Even if the praise of the struggle of civil resistance, "Water Margin", and let justice be done in different forms (including the death of God into the spirit of this type of comfort to the reader to form), this number to the kind of cast a dark society layer idealistic. In the "Golden Lotus", we have seen many reports of Chen Yuan-free, hard snow injustice: Ximen poisoned Wuhan University, married Pan, impunity, even if the hero Wu Song told him Mokenaihe; seedlings were killed outside members , a principal has therefore become rich young seedlings; Song Huilian victims died, her father wanted to avenge his daughter, the results have been persecuted to death ... ..., that innocent people suffered the torment of the tragic death, no cover story in the novel abound. And that's Ximen all kinds of evil, but enjoy a lifetime of great wealth. He died last indulgence, even if there are teaching people self-examination means that the beam, is not really "evil with evil"; even his reincarnation, it is still doing well-off. Real heavy and dark, so that readers feel the great depression, and thus more likely to recognize the nature of feudal society. This description, one end of the world because of the feudal political chaos did exceptionally, on the other hand also because the author has completely lost confidence in traditional moral, no longer believe that it can effectively restrain the ruling class of society to provide justice ideal. Associated with the above, "Jin Ping Mei," not only reflects the social and political darkness, but also a lot of time in describing the kind of general weakness and ugliness of human nature, especially the distortion of human nature is money. In this novel a hundred back, almost none of the usual sense of "positive people", where everyone infighting and mutual oppression. Ximen home queens of flowers, but all the rivalry between the wives and even with taking slaves, doing their utmost to show that the polygamy marriage chill in female psychology. Ximen wrote many novels colored woman in the possession of one hand have fun, lend a hand to discuss the property, gender relations and become a naked money in the transaction. Also, write-back hack like Fifty-six regular season because of the role of money to support their families, Stanford mouth by his wife abuse, until a dozen had two silver Ximen Zhou Ji, return it arrogance, and his wife also immediately become humble. These descriptions are sharply reflected in human nature is driven by money, how sad and pathetic. And, obviously conscious of the description between the sexes in about is money, the large number of references to those words when dealing mining gorgeous and full of loving poetry, words, music, people feel: the kind of society, not only in politics Wang Guowei side does not exist so-called "poetic justice" in the relations between men and women there was very little warmth there is poetry. The evolution of history is a complex process. On the one hand, as we said before, and certainly "good goods", "lust" is the significance of the late Ming era of progressive new ideas, but on the other hand, in the new social forces far from strong, with a positive meaning of the new Ethics is difficult to establish the circumstances, this trend of thought in social life (especially in a class of people who Ximen) is often manifested in the form of evil. "Words ending in" with the ideological content of the historical variability and therefore the complexity of the period. Preface for the novel's "Showtime Son" (Many researchers think that this is another of his real name), said the book's purpose is to "Ming-lun, ran prostitution ring, sub-Shu evil thought, of good and evil", but this is only a kinds of conscious and routine advertised, the novel itself is rarely based on traditional moral teachings; on the one hand revealed the expansion of material desires and passions tend to be people of greed ugly, but also faithfully reflects the desire to meet the pursuit of these but the power of human nature can not be suppressed. Money and passion instead of being simply negative, but at the same time be regarded as both a source of evil, but also a source of joy and happiness. Li Pinger to the description of an example, she first married Huazi Xu, love each other no, and later married Jiang Zhushan, still not satisfied, in this period of life, her character more reflected by immorality and even cruel; Married Ximen, the desire to be met, but also had a son, she would express more gentle and virtuous women to. This clearly shows that: over-indulgence is certainly not desirable, but the suppression of natural desires, it will only lead to more serious deterioration of human nature. Although the authors in a proper manner is difficult to deal with the contradictions of human nature, and the ultimate emptiness and disillusionment can only come to the end of his story, but at least his view of human nature is no longer a simplistic. "Golden Lotus" by the descendants of the most criticized, is the novel there are a lot of description of sexual behavior. This description and very coarse, almost never from the aesthetic to consider before, so he seems unbearable, the novel's artistic value, subject to certain weakened. Generally believed that, when the ruling class in society from the highest to the literati and the general public are not things to be ashamed about the Housing Quarters, this description of the novel, was a product of social conduct. However, should also be noted that this, and certainly the late Ming dynasty, "lust," the thought of great relevance, it is the thought of a crude and vulgar form of expression. "Jin Ping Mei" in Chinese history of fiction has many groundbreaking, marking the Chinese classical novel development of a new beginning. Popular Novels in the past, the main story is the history, folklore as the material in the folk of "talking" art after a long deliberation, the formation of transformation, focusing on the legendary, story lines, characters good and evil in the sub-sub- simple and clear, constitutes a common feature of these novels. The "Golden Lotus" as an independent literary creation, was broken through the above paradigm. It come out soon to make private copies of the dao, Yuan middle, Dong Qichang, SHEN De-Fu and other famous scholars of contemporary hand, it also shows the History of the novel. From the derived, in which the highest achievements of three previous novels - "Three Kingdoms", "Water Margin", "Journey to the West", were prominent figures in history, folk heroes, mythological figures as the center, summed up, to say they are writing the remarkable career of extraordinary people and extraordinary stories, is a legendary novel. Can say, "Jin Ping Mei", compared with the previous novels, has been the focus shift from story to characters up, this is an important step forward. Over the past from people "speak" of popular fiction developed in order to make the audience and cultural level is not high, the reader can easily grasp the character, the character is generally simple and clear-cut, bad everything is bad, good even though some disadvantages (such as "Water Margin Biography "Li Kui, Lu Zhishen do), would not harm their basic quality. However, although this figure likely to be accepted, as opposed to complex real life, it is simplistic. "Golden Lotus" written characters, is no longer such a simple treatment. Speaking in front of us, this novel is almost non-existent in the usual sense of the "positive character", but also the novel is almost non-existent in the usual sense of the "villain." Li Pinger as writing novels, both forceful, fierce, for his own purposes desperate side, but in more occasions, she showed kindness, cowardice and compassionate side of her character is extremely rich. Another example is the slave to the wife of Wang Zhangzhupo, is a pretty, frivolous, shallow woman, she was flirting with Ximen, they get carried away, bent out of husband, wife and a small climb in the Ximen seat house. But to Wang is Ximen framed, she was extremely up_set_ and indignant, "said the night the couple hundred thousand night Well, Wan also said that there are a hundred paces wandering hand in hand meaning" and remembered their lives in the poor and lowly in good faith built up feelings. She laid Ximen: "You get people but it was a butcher, used to man buried alive. Kill people, but also look at the funeral!" Ximen sorts of persuasion, she never refused to give in, and finally committed suicide (Article six back). She really is just for the sake of money and vanity, humble character, but in the back, but kept a certain something noble in human nature. Such characters, in the past that are not novel. Ximen is, of course, is a villain, but his "evil" is not a simple symbolic forms. His generous, "to save poor difficult," to show how much attention the public sectors of the character. He has always been greedy for women to occupy and play, but Li Ping'er died, he does show a sincere grief. Novel description of this incident very carefully. On the one hand, regardless of Pan Daoshi Ximen's "fear of evil will and body," the warning, insisting Li Pinger keep the side in the dying, when she died, desperate to hold her body crying: " I would rather teach Ximen dead stop, and I live long known to the world, and no reason to do live! "On the other hand, trying to use Ximen confidant of the mouth of turtle safety said:" staggering Andie heart pain? not hurt people, is the pain of money. "But here is not to say the feelings of Ximen is false, but that such feelings Li Pinger marry him and brought a lot of money has a great relationship, love of money is an important basis for his feelings . And this genuine feeling of impulse, but can not change the nature of Ximen shameless lust, to write his novels followed Ling Li Pinger with less than "three nights and two nights," opposite in spirit raped bed breast wishful children (sixty-twelve to sixty-five back). Ximen the image is so rich in the plastic out of character levels, so that gives a real feeling. Moreover, the "Golden Lotus" character description, not to use it as a purely personal nature to look, but with the characters living environment, life experiences linked. Such as Pan, the novel can be said that the most evil character rich woman, with Ximen described as a natural fit. But a closer reading of the novel, we find that she was evil in the tragic fate of her grow up. Pan was born in a poor tailor's family, was sold to Wang Zhaoxuan House-year-old high school playing and singing, to learn, "Zhang made the potential to do, like Joe, Joe-mode"; later was sold to large sheets, the annual party was that eighteen received by the old man; then later forced to marry her, "People rustic Chuan," the Wuhan University. Her outstanding beauty, bright, but never had the opportunity in a normal environment in the fight for basic human rights. Ximen came home, she did not like Miss Bright Moon, as a noble housewife, nor Li Pinger Meng Yulou that money can buy other people's favor, but she was not willing to be despised, it is only by virtue of their beauty and ingenuity, the owner exhausted all means to be allowed to crowd Ximen's favor, in order to compete with others. She is due to depression and abnormal psychology, and she means to seize the evil of happiness and enjoyment, but also in the destruction of evil in himself. I saw the two sing dressed, stand in order, the former head squid move Zhan nibbling. Cai Yushi see, want to enter can not, not to retreat, he said: "The four springs, how do you love it and so fear of useless." Ximen laughed: "The visit with the old Dongshan, and He Biehu?" Cai Yushi said: "The only fear I might as well Ashmore, and Jun Wang Youjun have high induced carry on." So the next month together with two prostitutes, tantamount to reminding us of scenes into the roof of Mrs Nguyen. Villa in for entering, see relics still, because of cable pen and paper, to leave questions. Ximen main role nunnery, hastened the end of the ink stream Yan Research thick, whisk the next Jinjian. This is the champion of Cai Yushi before the end, twist pen in hand, Wenbujiadian, word to go snakes, lamp one go, for the poem. The elegant and vulgar form of psychological knot in together. Of one's intentions, tried to write on both sides. This style of writing, and later in "The Scholars" tremendous growth. "Golden Lotus" handed down not only wide, there have been some continued along with the book. According SHEN Fu "Wanli wild allocated," said, there is a called "Jen Lee", and "cross-Earned Bifeng pleases, like is better than" Golden Lotus "," does not exist so far completed. Another Qing Ding essays, "continued Jin Ping Mei", etc., but not all good. 请欣赏:  请给我换一个看看！  拜托，快把噪音停掉！我读累了，想听点音乐或者请来支歌曲！      后一章回 >>    【选集】千古一奇梅

第一回　西门庆热结十弟兄　武二郎冷遇亲哥嫂 第二回　俏潘娘帘下勾情　老王婆茶坊说技 第三回　定挨光王婆受贿　设圈套浪子私挑 第四回　赴巫山潘氏幽欢　闹茶坊郓哥义愤 第五回　捉奸情郓哥定计　饮鸩药武大遭殃 第六回　何九受贿瞒天　王婆帮闲遇雨 第七回　薛媒婆说娶孟三儿　杨姑娘气骂张四舅 第八回　盼情郎佳人占鬼卦　烧夫灵和尚听淫声 第九回　西门庆偷娶潘金莲　武都头误打李皂隶 第十回　义士充配孟州道　妻妾玩赏芙蓉亭 第十一回　潘金莲激打孙雪娥　西门庆梳笼李桂姐 第十二回　潘金莲私仆受辱　刘理星魇胜求财 第十三回　李瓶姐墙头密约　迎春儿隙底私窥 第十四回　花子虚因气丧身　李瓶儿迎奸赴会 第十五回　佳人笑赏玩灯楼　狎客帮嫖丽春院 第十六回　西门庆择吉佳期　应伯爵追欢喜庆 第十七回　宇给事劾倒杨提督　李瓶儿许嫁蒋竹山 第十八回　赂相府西门脱祸　见娇娘敬济销魂 第十九回　草里蛇逻打蒋竹山　李瓶儿情感西门庆 第二十回　傻帮闲趋奉闹华筵　痴子弟争锋毁花院 第二十一回　吴月娘扫雪烹茶　应伯爵替花邀酒 第二十二回　蕙莲儿偷期蒙爱　春梅姐正色闲邪 第二十三回　赌棋枰瓶儿输钞　觑藏春潘氏潜踪 第二十四回　敬济元夜戏娇姿　惠祥怒詈来旺妇

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