Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province in south-central, central south western Pearl River Delta, the North River downstream to the sea at the north and Shunde, Panyu District, Guangzhou City, west of Jiangmen City Xinhui District and Doumen District of Zhuhai City, Southeast even Zhuhai City, east across the Lingdingyang with Shenzhen and Hong Kong SAR sea. Zhongshan City, covers an area: 1800 square kilometers Population: 1,433,000, long-distance telephone area code: 0760, car license plate: Guangdong T, Postcode: 528400, Municipal People's Government in: East Windsor Heights Road, the incumbent party secretary: Chen Genkai, City People's Government Mayor: Nicholls red (female), Deputy Mayor: Deng Xiaobing Xie Fan. Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, China under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city located in central and southern Pearl River Delta, the Pearl River estuary in the West Bank. Zhongshan City, the ancient name of Xiangshan, because the territory Wuguishan multi floral name. In modern times, the emergence of the Republic of China's first provisional president Sun Yat-sen's first Prime Minister Mr. Tong and other celebrities. In 1925, to commemorate the death of Sun Yat-sen just Xiangshan renamed Zhongshan. Zhongshan City, a total area of 1,800.14 square kilometers, south of Black Hill is mainly hilly area, the northern plains river area. By the end of 2005, Zhongshan City, the resident population of 243.46 million total, ethnic Han, the main language is Cantonese. Zhongshan is a prefecture-level city of nine Pearl River Delta economic circle, is an export-oriented economy of the industrialized city. With the high rate of Zhongshan city greening, environmental health in good conditions, in recent years, the United Nations and the Chinese government gradually won some of the city honors in urban greening, building environmental health at the forefront of China's cities. The whole territory located at latitude 22 ° 11 '~ 22 ° 47', longitude 113 ° 09 '~ 113 ° 46'. Area under the jurisdiction of the administrative 1800.14 km2. Land south of downtown Guangzhou city 86 kilometers, 65 kilometers southeast to Macau from Hong Kong by sea Zhongshan Port 52 sea miles. City Hall located at the 1st East Windsor Heights Road.
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Geological features
Geological development of the historic city of Zhongshan, frequent changes in the earth's crust, tectonic system belongs to Guangdong South China fold beam Depression, Zhongshan is located in the northern section. Terrain to the plains, the terrain pitched middle, surrounded by flat plains tilt from northwest to southeast. Black Hill Ridge bamboo Song Yi in the city, such as the central and southern mountains sudden, Black Hill peak elevation of 531 meters, is the city's highest peak. Uplift of the continental shelf topography of low mountains, hills, plateaus and the mouth of the Pearl River alluvial plains, beaches components. 24% of low mountains, hills, plateaus of the total area of the territory, generally 10 to 200 meters above sea level, the soil type is lateritic red soil. 68% of the total territory of the plains and tidal areas, the general elevation of -0.5 to 1 m, where the soil type and the base plain rice soil water, the tidal marshes are widespread in coastal saline soil and coastal sand. 8% of the total area of the territory of the river, downstream of West Xijiang waterway Modaomen from north to south through the western border of the city by the South China Sea Modaomen; Hongqili draining Pak downstream from northwest to southeast through the northeast boundary of the city Hongqimen out by the Pearl River Estuary. During Branch Road, criss-cross, which Xiaolan waterways, chicken crow waterways across the northern half of the city, imported by the transverse cross waterways door door out the Pearl River Estuary. Plain river and the river is divided into two parts hilly river, river plains influenced by ocean tides in the South China Sea, with the typical characteristics of the estuary.
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Climatic characteristics
Zhongshan is located in the low-latitude areas, both in the whole territory south of the Tropic of Cancer, a subtropical monsoon climate, adequate light and heat, rainfall, solar radiation energy is abundant. The total amount of radiation in July to the highest of 51,141.3 joules / cm; February least, only 23285.7 J / cm. Historical average sunshine time is 1843.4 hours, according to the number of accounts for the year to 42%; maximum annual sunshine time is 2392.6 hours (1955), according to the number of accounts for the year to 54%; least the year was 1448.2 hours of sunshine (1994), according to the annual number of hours accounted for 33%. The annual average temperature is 22.0 ℃. Monthly average temperature in January the lowest, 13.6 ℃; 7 month high, reaching 28.5 ℃. The highest temperature 38.7 ℃ (2005 年 7 18 and 19), extreme minimum temperature -1.3 ℃ (1955 年 1 12 May). Endangered South China Sea summer monsoon brings a lot of water vapor, a major source of precipitation, average annual rainfall is 1791.3 mm. Affect the city's severe weather typhoons, rainstorms, cold, frost, cold rain, drought and thunderstorms.
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Natural resources
Zhongshan natural resources are mainly five categories: (A) solar energy resources. Historical average solar radiation reached 445,155.4 joules / cm, the province is rich in resources, solar radiation, one of the region. (B) water resources. Zhongshan is a wet area, annual rainfall of 1738 mm, rainfall totaled 2.918 billion cubic meters, Xijiang and Beijiang Modaomen flowing through the city, cross the door, Hongqili total 149.7 billion cubic meters of water per acre average water up to 125,700 cubic meters. In addition, the coastal city is located in Zhongshan, can be the use of tidal irrigation. (C) mineral resources. Zhongshan historic geological development, frequent changes in the earth's crust, but the stratigraphic distribution is relatively simple, the lack of high-grade ore formation, has been proven and the development and utilization of mineral only granite stone, sand and fire clay material. Which is mainly biotite granite stone, biotite granite and granodiorite, widely distributed in the city's low mountains, hills and plateaus, with five bamboo Song Ling Shan and most abundant reserves; coarse sand material to the quartz sand, mainly distributed in the eastern part of the city's Lair, xiasha along the coastal areas; fire clay is mainly distributed in the Torch Development Zone near Ho Village. (D) plant and animal resources. The main activities of Zhongshan and medium-sized mammals distributed in the hilly and whitewater Black Hill Forest Hill High hilly areas, the existing economic animals are mainly small civet, crab-eating mongoose, leopard cat, South fox, pangolin, and a variety of birds Bandicota class, snakes, etc.; plains in reptiles, amphibians, birds and rodents dominated; aquatic fish, crustaceans and various shellfish. Representative of the type of vegetation type is tropical monsoon forest evergreen monsoon forest, there are more than 610 kinds of main species of plants belonging to 105 families 358 genera, the forest coverage rate of 12.95%. (E) tourism resources. Zhongshan celebrity sites, Wugui Mountains and southern Pearl River Delta water features, forming a colorful culture and landscape. The city's main tourist attractions are: Tsuiheng Sun Yat-sen's former residence, Zhongshan movie, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Zhongshan Memorial College, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Park, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Black Hill Happy Valley, bamboo rafting Paradise Park and revolutionary history base, purple Maling Park, Zhongshan Hot Spring, the Yangtze River reservoir tourist area, Sun Yat-sen Road pedestrian street, cross the door sea estate, Sango Tralin lodge, people splendor and abundance of the Agricultural Science and Technology Park, Tai Chung Cho Yandun Qishan Mountain Park and pagodas, Nishiyama Temple, Nanshan ancient incense forest, Sonthi ruins, Luo Sanmei Hill, a small bridge enamel ring. There Mar. native red lychee, pineapple God Bay, Xiaolan Chrysanthemum meat, Zhongshan almond cake, Shiqi pigeon, Yangtze crisp flesh grass carp, Tu Wei flower products, Sango _Set_o powder, sausage, etc. Huangpu.
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Environmental Quality
(A) the quality of atmospheric environment. 2006 Zhongshan City sulfur dioxide, respirable particulate matter (PM10) to achieve annual daily average ambient air quality (GB3095-1996) secondary standard, nitrogen dioxide annual daily average reached a standard, dust to reach the provincial recommendations. Annual average sulfur dioxide have decreased compared to 2005, respirable particulate matter (PM10) and the annual average increased dust, nitrogen dioxide annual average flat with last year. Air pollution index is between 12 and 100, air quality is excellent 140 days, accounting for 38.4%; Orleans 225 days, 61.6%. When the air quality is not reported as excellent primary pollutant, 2006 primary pollutants PM10 based. (B) the water quality of the environment. The city's drinking water source 2 (Quanlu, Ma Dafeng water) water to reach the "surface water quality standards" (GB3838-2002) Ⅱ water quality standard, the monitoring factor compliance rate was 100%. Implementation of urban river "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB3838-2002), Shiqi river water reached Ⅳ class standard, light pollution levels; chicken crow Xiaolan Watercourse, Modaomen cross door waterways can reach Class Ⅱ water quality standards, excellent water quality. Comparison from 2005 to 2006 according to a comprehensive pollution index mean, Shiqi river water quality declined slightly over the previous year, and the remaining four little change in river water quality, water quality remains good. Press the "water quality standards" (GB3097-1997) evaluation, two points are two water quality water quality in coastal waters throughout the year does not appear excessive projects, water quality has improved over the last year. (C) the sound quality of the environment. Annual average regional environmental noise equivalent sound level was 54.5 dB drop 0.1 db over 2005, reaching urban environmental noise standard Class 1 District daytime (55 db). Regional environmental impact of the city's main source of noise is the noise source of life and traffic source, accounting for 55.9% and 38.8%, respectively, higher sound level is construction noise and traffic noise. Annual average traffic noise equivalent sound level was 69.0 dB down 0.3 dB of ambient noise in urban areas reached Class 4 District daytime standards (70 db). Standard long road to total path length of 57.7 percent, up 0.5 percentage points, road traffic noise pollution than last year eased. The city conducted once per quarter Ribbon noise monitoring, night classes in Regions 1 and 4 class district average equivalent sound level appears excessive, superscalar were 0.4dB (A) and 1.8dB (A), the rest are all kinds of functional areas reached an Ribbon standards.
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History
Zhongshan City, from the beginning of its predecessor Xiangshan county built the county, has been 840 years. During this long period of years, it has experienced from other counties - county - Model County - PL County - several stages of economic and cultural development of the city. Xiangshan County and other counties next stage was originally composed by a group of islands (including some from the South China Sea islands included, Panyu, Dongguan, the new four counties included), no land connected to each other, sparsely populated (only nearly million), arable land small, economically backward, so in the Song, Yuan, Ming Dynasty, are under court as other counties. In this regard, that "Yongle Dadian" load:. "Xiangshan of Yap, an island in the sea ears, its most narrow way, which most poor people," Inter-Shunzhi and Kangxi Dynasty, and because the court practice "Boycott", "Evacuation "Islanders can not go fishing, plus pirate infestation, widespread poverty, many islanders were banned sea, exile, or migratory home, or Yuandu foreign" poor no return. " This situation has been along to the Qing Emperor Kangxi 23 years (1684) Guangdong announced "Evacuation" order annulled, economy and culture was gradually developed. County stage Kangxi 23 years (1684) Guangdong announced "Evacuation" order annulled, to further relax restrictions because of Qianlong's policies, coupled with a few isolated islands turned into a land connection due to the Sha Tin and Shunde, South China Sea terrestrial phase, thus making agriculture, commerce and transportation suddenly developed. To Jiaqing, Daoguang, "were with the South (the sea), Fan (Yu), cis (Germany), East (Dongguan) equivalent column county", thus ending the long-standing poverty and backwardness. And "domicile Yin Fan, driving out of his town and on." The county status, or even extend to the founding of the PRC to county to city ended, lasted about 160 years. However, phasing, then extended to form a model county's Republic of China. Model County stage in 18 years (1929) in February, the 19th meeting of the National Government in the State, "the Prime Minister of Zhongshan County (sen) Hometown", "county of Guangdong is the most prosperous area, revenue is very huge, open early wisdom , talented people "and identified by the county as a national model of Zhongshan County. At that time, Zhongshan to "land of plenty" with. Grain, oil, sugar, silk, vegetables, fruits and other varieties are more complete, livestock, fisheries, forestry species are abundant. Exported to Hong Kong and Macao markets at home and abroad and a lot of brand-name products, such as the three sticky buds salon, library filled potato, sweet potato, Jinshan, Qi its music (now known as Cha Bridge) white sweet potato, pineapple God Bay, Maosheng banana, longan Jiuzhouji , Zhangjiabian pig, sand bar chicken, pigeon, etc. Shiqi. On local fiscal income, "actually and Guizhou province" (Mr. Tong language). Zhongshan county after county formed to implement the model, there had been considerable development plan, such as the establishment of Zhongshan Port, building along the highway, the construction of ships sailing to Guangzhou and Hong Kong, operating water plant. However, due to various reasons, no realization; despite improvements in all aspects, but the results have not. December 1937, the national government because of the Japanese invasion, Zhongshan county system model to this stop. But then the economic and cultural Zhongshan still living in the country has been an important position, so in November 1948, the Guangdong Provincial Government Complex has given the province's Zhongshan County demonstration counties. So far most people in the whole period of the Republic of China, Zhongshan are seen as a model county. But industry is not developed until 1949, the annual industrial output value accounted for only 19.21% in the industrial and agricultural output value. After 40 years of history has been established PL County stage of the new China. This history, in 1979 for the sector, a two-stage plan for the reform and opening up and reform and opening up. These two phases, from Zhongshan, economic and cultural development, it generally can be divided into stages Principal counties and cities stage. April 1950, Zhongshan County, with its densely populated, vast land, tax the rich, is listed as the Guangdong Provincial Department of Civil Affairs Principal County. Prior to this same basis experienced and exemplary county by county laid are inseparable. The Principal county phase, from 1949 Zhongshan liberation November, largely to December 1983 county to change the city ended, a total of 34 years. Although the county was gradually ceded Zhuhai Doumen County (mostly) and draw some local owned Panyu County, Shunde County, the new county, as the size of the county is reduced than the beginning of liberation, but gross social product, GNP Gross national income and industrial and agricultural output value of four major economic indicators, more than one hundred counties in the province still has among the best. Zhongshan County, as the last few years, Principal County stage, that of the first years of reform and opening up. It was a few years from 1979 to 1983, is the initial stage of reform and opening up in Zhongshan. In recent years seriously implement the central opening and invigorating the domestic policies made unprecedented achievements, is boldly to attract foreign investment in order to accelerate economic development. More significant, the following two forms: One is the "three to fill a" business (ie, processing, sample production, assembly and compensation trade). Made more active township enterprises, industry and foreign trade production bases streets. Its rapid development, from a single point of view of industrial output value of township enterprises in 1979 has increased by 47.79% over 1978. After a few years of "three to fill a" business has spread to roll out in the county. The second is a joint venture with foreign investors to do business. The earliest is based in Hong Kong and Macao businessman Henry Fok _set_ up Zhongshan Hot Spring Hotel. Project started from November 1979 until December 1980 that was opened and became the first province to introduce foreign capital to do it, modern hotel. Later it was opened with the White Swan Hotel in Guangzhou in the country has become a symbol of opening up two. Then he and Japan, a joint venture in Hong Kong businessman was opened in July 1983 Yangtze River park. It is China's first large-scale foreign investment to build up a comprehensive playground. This brings both thriving tourism Suddenly, the impact of its economic benefits brought by significant, not only for Zhongshan, but also for the province, the country's reform and opening up have played a very good role in promoting. Looking at Zhongshan liberation from 1949 to 1984 34 years, despite the arduous journey taken is, but it is achieved before the founding of the People's Republic of model county unparalleled. Industrial and agricultural output in 1949 was 10,963,060,000 yuan in 1983 to 1.45333 billion yuan, an increase of 13.2 times the latter than the former, the average annual growth of 38.99%. Industrial output growth is particularly significant, 21.0606 million yuan in 1949, 1983 was 1,099,680,000 yuan, an increase of 52.2 times the latter than the former; industrial output and agricultural output value in proportion, from 19.21% in 1949, increased to 1983 75.67% year. So far, Zhongshan has formed an industry as the mainstay of the county, which has the county to city conditions. City stage in December 1983, the State Council approved the city of Zhongshan county, the county remains. Four years later, again in 1988 with the approval of the State Council upgraded to a prefecture-level city. From the city to the county upgraded to a prefecture-level city (medium city) shift in Guangdong be taking the first step. Formed after the county changed Zhongshan City establishment, from 1984 onwards, on the basis of the original development, the development of various undertakings are as extensive and in-depth approach to implementing the reform and opening up of the total obtained by leaps and bounds. Big speed of its development, the changes in, since the mid-1980s, he is known as one of the "four tigers" Guangdong and famous for. Many areas in the province and the country has a certain influence and status. After entering the city establishment, Zhongshan economic growth pattern has played a fundamental change. Before the reform, the proportion of agriculture in the national economy is accounted for the bulk; After this, especially after the establishment into the city, there are greater development of agriculture, but the industry has clearly become the dominant national economic development. On the structure of industrial products, mainly agricultural past is supported, and into the city from the 1984 establishment, then obviously shift to consumer goods, with products from the monotonous, low and gradually to diversify, series, grade technology, enabling the upgrading of product structure. At this stage, the industry has formed two pillars: First, municipal industrial transformation and upgrading, the second is the rise of township enterprises. Municipal industry, which is characterized by the high-tech industry as a leader in high-quality products for the fist. By 1986, the city has reached more than 600 new product development, which has 14 to fill gaps in the country, 21 to fill the gaps in the province. Which are more representative of the brand staple products, such as the power of brand washing machines, all kinds of fans, micro-motors, galvanized steel, colored glass mosaic daisy cards, fairy fish brand color glazed tiles, terrazzo Eisenstadt cards, all kinds of fine chemicals aerosol, a powerful competitive products, are exported abroad, led the development of the whole industry. As the famous brand and more, and thus emerged a large number of advanced enterprises. 1987 Zhongshan sugar factory, washing machine factory in Zhongshan two companies won the national title two enterprises, accounting for 50% of the province's four companies. 1989, for corporate title washing machine factory in Zhongshan national level, the country was announced for this title of one of six companies, but also South Africa's only a five provinces; 1990, the plant has been assessed as "National Quality Management Award "enterprises, but also the province's industrial enterprises in the first company to receive this honor. From 1988 to 1989 there Shiqi Glass, Fine Chemical Industry Company, New Building Materials Factory, Zhongshan ceramics factory, aluminum composite printing, Huahong furniture factory 6 as state enterprises, and another mill in Zhongshan Zhongshan Machinery Plant, Plant, and other 25 Zhongshan radio was designated as provincial advanced enterprises. The proportion of rural industries in the city's industrial and agricultural output has increased significantly. To 1988 has risen to 45.6%, the city has become an important pillar of the national economy. Many of the company's products in the domestic market prestigious, such as chrysanthemum card key switch, permanent adhesive tape in big domestic market coverage of more than 70%. Shaxi is not only high fashion factory outlets opened up the international market, but also with the director and chief designer Zhang Zhaoda design a variety of silk beaded fashion products actually scored Seventh Avenue, New York, the international market fairs. Noto this "humble", was the only one country. From 1988 to 1989, there have been an export-oriented country's export base sentinel plants Siu Lam Wing Tai lock Adhesive Products Factory Plant and two national advanced enterprise, the provincial advanced enterprise has Xiaolan pharmaceutical etc. 8. By the 1990s, Zhongshan township enterprises to the next level. K. Wah Electronics Group Co., Ltd., Star Lock Factory and other 13 enterprises also included in the "1000 China's largest township enterprises", which is also listed as the first Jiahua Electronic City National 100 largest township enterprises. By 1990, the total output value of township enterprises in Zhongshan reached 4.998 billion yuan, is 55 times more than in 1978, accounting for 72% of total industrial output value, development speed faster than the municipal industry, became Zhongshan economy Banbiheshan. The tertiary industry has made great development. During this time, the commodity economy particularly active market prosperity, shops. Outsiders so-called "Zhongshan shop," said precisely what it means. As the focus on the development of foreign trade export-oriented economy, coupled with Hong Kong and Macao adjacent to the geographical advantage, and thus in the position occupied by the national economy showed a gradual upward trend. In 1990 the city's industrial output value of 2.16 billion yuan exports, an increase of 41.8% over the previous year, accounting for 31.1% of total industrial output value, visible foreign trade developed rapidly. Tourism is a pillar of Zhongshan development of tertiary industry. Sun Yat-sen's hometown, Zhongshan City, has a special, superior human resources. Therefore built up on the basis of the preceding Zhongshan Hot Spring Hotel and park on the Yangtze River, in 1984 and then there have been in the western suburbs hotels, guesthouses Tsuiheng Zhongshan International Hotel, Fuhua Hotel, Metropole Hotel, 12 Zhongshan hotels, luxury hotels springing up Built like opening in a few years. Which Fuhua Hotel Zhongshan International Hotel and was designated as a national four-star hotel. Total operating revenue in 1984 was 183 million yuan, compared with the previous year to build the city's 1983 growth of 46%. By 1990, the total revenue of 573 million yuan, an increase of 16.7% over the previous year, an increase of 4.3 times compared with 1983. Since its development in Zhongshan third pillar industry plays a role, so the current parties are actively trying to improve and expand tourism outlets, give full play to "Celebrity City" advantage, in order to promote the tourism industry and the tertiary industry to thrive and developed. Looking at the December 1983 county to city after seven years to 1990, the city's economy has been sustained, rapid and healthy development. Especially after 1988, was promoted to prefecture-level cities, the speed and efficiency of economic development and growth to gradually achieve simultaneous development. 1990 output value of 11.49 billion yuan of social city, up 14.47 percent over the previous year, an increase of 4.77 times more than in 1983. GDP (current prices) amounted to 4.354 billion yuan, an increase of 10.67% over the previous year, an increase of 3.16 times more than in 1983. Industrial and agricultural output (at 1980 constant prices) amounted to 7.513 billion yuan, an increase of 18.05% over the previous year, an increase of 4.17 times more than in 1983. Revenue 387 million yuan, an increase of 17.38% over the previous year, an increase of 2.28 times more than in 1983. Exports worth $ 342 million, although the decline of 2.84% over the previous year, but lower than the 1983 increase of 3.98 times. The introduction of the use of (actual) $ 054 million of foreign investment, an increase of 31.07% over the previous year, an increase of 8.28 times more than in 1983. Brilliant achievements in the economy at the same time, other aspects are also remarkable achievements, the formation of each other, and jointly promote the situation. - Traffic post quickly reversed the backward state. With the development of economy and tourism, the original road less productive narrow, rotten situation has clearly not suited to the needs of the rapid development of the late 1980s, this situation has begun to improve, the 1990s have been fundamentally improved. 1990 to 389.8 km city road development, road density of 40 km / 100 square kilometers, close to the level of moderately developed countries and regions, formed a national highway and the main highway as the backbone of extensive road network. Posts since December 1981 Shiqi Town automated telephone facilities replace outdated manual switched telephone system, the city has been the simultaneous development of the telecommunications business and the economy, contributed greatly to the economic development. - Science and technology is developing rapidly, the results shine through. During this time, not only attach importance to the development of science and technology in Zhongshan, constant practice "Science and technology are primary productive forces" theory, and as a leader in high-tech industries, and promote the national economy continued to embark on a new level. From 1987 to 1990, the city was science, technology award levels 185. Which meet national and provincial level and fill in the blanks advanced there 74, thereby increasing the level of the city's industrial and agricultural technology. To accelerate the pace of technological development, in 1990, the municipal government has made the "Interim Provisions on further play the role of professional and technical personnel" to the scientific and technical personnel with many favorable conditions, the same year it was founded by the State Science and Technology Commission, provincial, Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone in Zhongshan City, the three co-organized so that the city's science and technology towards a new stage of development. - Education Development gratifying. With the improvement of Economy and Finance, investment in education is constantly increasing, and with "education Strong City" as the construction of a modern urban development strategy, the development of education is greatly since the mid-1980s to do a university - Sun College of Liberal Arts, to 1990 the county primary school age children enrollment rate reached 98.8 percent, a new Office of Independent Junior twenty-four. Structural reforms were also faster in high school, literacy historical mission has been completed. Organization of high school students participate in the national and provincial academic competitions get good grades, college entrance examination scores for three consecutive years ranked first provincial-level cities. - There is a greater change in the urban landscape has built a 1980s Zhongshan International Hotel, Fuhua Hotel and a number of high-rise hotels and a number of relatively tall mall, so the face of the city has changed a preliminary reconstruction of the 1990s and the number of cultural buildings, such as the construction of a _set_ of scientific and technological exhibitions, academic exchanges, technical training, research and intelligence, information processing in one of the levels of the 1990s with the Science Museum, with a world-class stadium Xing in scale than the large and Zhongshan Library, and the province's largest integrated urban ecological park Zimaling Park, as well as a number of office buildings, so that greatly changed the face of the city. These changes, coupled with the urban environment green, wide streets, neat, clean, thus making Zhongshan reached the level of a modern city. People's lives have improved greatly. New residential urban and rural areas at a speed of more than 100 million square meters of annual increase, in 1990 the city's urban per capita living space to 10 square meters, 17.9 square meters in rural areas, while urban per capita housing has been resolved area of 60,000 square meters of housing hardship problems. Savings balance urban and rural areas in 1990 reached 3.664 billion yuan, an increase of 34.6% over the previous year, an increase of 10 times compared with 1983. Per capita income of urban and rural areas: rural areas in 1990 was 1,531 yuan, an increase of 7.3% over the previous year, an increase of 1.43 times more than in 1983; urban wages in 1990 was 3,499 yuan, an increase of 8.23% over the previous year, an increase of 1.96 times more than in 1983. After 10 years of reform and opening up, Zhongshan City, from an agricultural economy into the main body of the county as the main industrial, high-tech industry as a leader, the three major industries Qi development, export-oriented economy, the commodity economy is relatively developed, spiritual civilization progress, the cause of a thriving modern city. Reasons for these dramatic changes, in addition to the central policy of the right, under the city's party and military and civilian efforts, and there is strong support for the superior environment adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao to facilitate the acceleration of economic development, the Hong Kong and Macao compatriots and overseas Chinese, but also inseparable power 10 years, Hong Kong and Macao compatriots and overseas Chinese, out of love for the motherland, love of his hometown Santa Claus, for the development of economic construction, Zhongshan, culture and other aspects of public welfare undertakings and made outstanding achievements contribution. Donations alone, in respect of nearly 800 million yuan. Among the foreign donors and investors, particularly respected by the Hong Kong and Macao celebrities, incumbent Vice Chairman of CPPCC Mr. Fok. He was not the Zhongshan nationals, but for the heart to the love of Sun Yat-sen's hometown, investments, donations to the cause of building in Zhongshan as high as 50 million yuan or more. He took the lead with the greatest amount of investment in the construction of Zhongshan Hot Spring Hotel in Zhongshan and led the development of the tourism industry; was his first in a broad expansion of the road and suggested donation fee of 20 million yuan as the expansion and opened a section of Zhongshan, Zhongshan and rural everywhere all carry out his prologue highway construction. Been particularly well respected community leaders Mr. Wu Guixian living in Japan. Although he is not an entrepreneur, but for years to develop home education, at sell their as_set_s, Sun Yat-sen Institute for the construction of school buildings and several secondary schools, increasing equipment, _set_ steady flow of funds and donations, totaled 20 million yuan. Fok, two significant and tour Hong Kong and Macao, Mr. Wu Gui Yang 郭恩慈 folks, Guo Desheng, Lin 余文姬, Chen Xinghai, Mike Zhen, Li Li, Zheng Liang Jun, Fong Yock Yee 10 people, for the economic development of Zhongshan City, culture and other aspects of public welfare undertakings and made contribution, Zhongshan Municipal People's Congress Standing Committee of the General Assembly to grant them special is the title of honorary citizen of the city of Zhongshan, Zhongshan people as they give support paid tribute. Due to the rapid development of Zhongshan City in reform and opening up, thus above the average in the country living in the city but also the advanced ranks. 1989, that the second year was promoted to Intermediate Zhongshan City, Zhongshan City, the GDP reached 3.93 billion yuan, the per capita GDP of 3,520 yuan, but also has more than 800 U.S. dollars per capita, which is listed as the National Bureau of Statistics China's first batch of 36 into the off level city. In the lower limit of the Annals after 1990, Zhongshan City, in order to accelerate the pace of development, in July 1992 to catch up with the development of the Asian "tigers" of the plan. 1994 has further proposed the building in accordance with the province's Pearl River Delta Economic Zone objectives and requirements for the construction of Zhongshan become prosperous civilization, garden-like modern coastal city and struggle. Through the efforts of people in the city, in April 1994 the State Ministry of Construction awarded the title of National Advanced City Green, in September 1995 at the National Conference on Science and Technology City by the National Science and Technology Commission was named one of the nation through science and education city metropolitan cities January 1996 was named the Third National Health competitions for the National Health Assembly urban city. From the subjective and objective conditions existing development point of view, as long as the persistent efforts and prudent, give full play to the advantages of climate, geography, and recent goal is certainly achievable.
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Administrative divisions
Zhongshan is a prefecture-level administrative division of the city, town (street) two establishment, no county convention, city directly under the jurisdiction of five streets, a development zones and 19 towns in Eastern City resident. 5 Street: Eastern, Southern, Shiqi District, Western, Wugui mountains; 1 Zone: Torch Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone; 18 Town: Banfu, Tai Chung Town, Dongfeng Town, Dongsheng, Fusha Town, the port town, Guzhen Town, the cross bar in the town, Huangpu town, the people in the town, Brick Town, South Town, triangle town, three towns, Shaxi, Shenwan, Tanzhou, Xiaolan .
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Economy
Zhongshan in the late 1970s is still based agricultural economy, and neighboring Hong Kong and Macao few economic cooperation, economic development speed is very slow. Economic reforms in China after the implementation of policies, neighboring Hong Kong and Macao as the Pearl River Delta, Zhongshan county, has become one of China's earliest opening-up coastal counties. Subsequently, Zhongshan attracted a lot of capital in Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and foreign countries to enter, textiles and clothing, hardware, lighting, home appliances, food and other traditional industries have developed rapidly, bio-engineering, electronic information and other high-tech industries began to rise. By the late 1980s, because of the rapid economic development in Zhongshan, Dongguan, Nanhai, Shunde together by the media and called the "four tigers in Guangdong." Zhongshan and other different features three Zhongshan in attracting foreign and private investment, while focusing on the development of state-owned enterprises, the formation of the state-owned enterprise group, which makes Zhongshan gained rapid economic growth in the short term, but due to the state economy property rights system, enterprise management mechanism is also no corresponding change to the 20th century, Zhongshan City, the state economy overall decline, some, such as power, bully so the whole Chinese state-owned enterprises have known trouble. From 1998 to 2001, state-owned enterprises in Zhongshan city government conducted a property rights system reform, the state capital exit from general competitive industry, to make room for the development of foreign-funded enterprises and the public, to 2005, Zhongshan City, foreign and civil capital and other non-public economy has been accounted for more than 90% of the total economy. After 20 years of development, from a traditional agricultural Zhongshan county, and gradually developed into a medium-sized city-based industrial economy. According to Zhongshan Bureau of Statistics, in 2008 the GDP is GDP Zhongshan 140.9 billion yuan, an increase of 11.1%, household population per capita GDP 96,506 yuan (resident population per capita GDP of 56,034 yuan). 409.1 billion yuan of industrial output value of the whole society, an increase of 14.1% (at current price). Fiscal and financial smooth operation, the local general budget revenue exceeded 10 billion yuan, an increase of 16.3%. State tax revenue 23.43 billion yuan to two, an increase of 17.6% deposit balance of RMB 176.98 billion yuan, an increase of 17.2% over the year. Enhanced coordination of investment and consumption. Total fixed as_set_s investment 44.51 billion yuan, an increase of 11.5%. The total retail sales of social consumer goods 47.69 billion yuan, an increase of 20.5%. Paying off the construction of a modern industrial system. Optimize the industrial structure, the proportion of three industries adjust 3.2:60.2:36.6. Industrial development investment 240 million yuan of special funds to support. Expected to achieve 81 billion yuan of industrial added value growth of 12.8% (at current price). Advancement and moderately heavy to accelerate the process of industrial structure, the proportion of heavy industry increased by 1.3 percentage points, equipment manufacturing industrial output value accounted for 24.5%. According to Chinese Academy of Social Sciences assessment of the Chinese mainland, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau four places 200 cities comprehensive competitiveness, ranked 31 in Zhongshan, where the body of talent, corporate body, the living environment of the competitiveness of the three sub- among the top 20. Agriculture Zhongshan was a large agricultural county in Guangdong, Guangdong, known as the "land of plenty", was one of the fields planted fish Sankey most developed regions. However, the development of industry and the tertiary industry in recent years has led to the city's total economic output of agriculture in reducing the proportion of each year, 2005 to increase the value of agriculture in Zhongshan City, 3.075 billion yuan, accounting for only 3.8% of the city's GDP. Zhongshan agriculture mainly grain, vegetables, fruit farming, freshwater fisheries and pigs, poultry farming based, addition, Xiaolan headed to daisy flower growing industry in southern China is also quite well-known Industry When Zhongshan industry began to develop state-owned enterprises, and subsequently with the deepening of China's reform and opening up, increasing the proportion of foreign investment. Zhongshan City in recent years focused on industrial and technology as the main economic development strategy, industry accounted for an increasing proportion of the city's total economic output of high added value in 2005, Zhongshan industry 50.192 billion yuan, accounting for the city's gross domestic product 61.4%. Electronic information, textile and apparel, electrical machinery, chemicals, metal products are the five pillar industries in Zhongshan. Canon's plant is located in the China Electronics (Zhongshan) base in Zhongshan focus on building industrial parks, each industry will be concentrated in an industrial park, has been established in Zhongshan National Health Technology Park, China National Hardware Industry Base, China Lighting Capital, casual clothing town, China Electronics (Zhongshan) base China's home appliance industry base 18 wagons approved by the Chinese national industrial base, production base. On the other hand, Zhongshan City, also pay attention to the development of specialized industrial city, the lighting industry Guzhen Town, Xiaolan of fabricated metal products, textile and garment industry Shaxi Town, South Town's large household appliances, small appliances, Dongfeng Town industry, Tai Chung Town, mahogany furniture, Huangpu Town, food processing industry, electronic information industry Torch Development Zone and other regional specialties rapid economic development, products in China occupy a considerable market share. With characteristic industry increasingly high degree of specialization, Zhongshan City, has become a professional convention and exhibition held in various venues. Zhongshan City, known industry wide for the exhibition have Shaxi International Leisure Fashion Festival, Zhongshan International Electronic Information Products and Technology Exhibition, China (Guzhen) International Lighting Fair. In recent years, one after another, many of the Fortune 500 companies and large domestic enterprises, Changhong, TCL, ducklings, Galanz, the United States came to Zhongshan and other investments. Zhongshan itself also gave birth to the ten Chinese famous brand or Chinese well-known trademarks, which are Robust drinks, Vantage, iron generals security, love the waves amplifier, Qijiang bridge soy sauce, cherry snow gas appliance, clean soft toilet paper, Missk Special gas water heater, to Lighting, kangniya home apparel. Tertiary Industry Zhongshan scale tertiary industry after industry, in 2005 the added value of the tertiary industry 28.489 billion yuan, accounting for 34.8% of the city's GDP, and increasing year by year trend. Logistics, real estate, tourism, financial services Zhongshan four tertiary industry. In the logistics industry, logistics, Zhongshan municipal government in recent years a number of projects to give loan discount policy, led to the development of the logistics industry in Zhongshan, a number of large-scale logistics projects have been put into operation, the formation of the eastern, central, northwestern three logistics gathering, West Pearl River Estuary regional logistics center has a prototype. In the real estate industry, in recent years the city of Zhongshan City, deliberately build the brand and create a good living environment, inspired the city to locate a huge potential for development of the real estate market in Zhongshan, Sun Hung Kai, such as China Vanke and China Overseas Chinese mainland, Hong Kong, the well-known real estate developers have been stationed in Zhongshan, Local Zhongshan Agile also bred such as the real estate market in Guangdong quite well known brands. In terms of tourism, culture and tourism Zhongshan focus will combine to create a Sun Yat-sen Road Pedestrian Street, the former residence of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall and Zhongshan Museum of Art and a number of rich cultural, historical connotation and characteristics of cultural attractions in Zhongshan, Zhongshan promote the development of tourism.
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Population
Population in Zhongshan City, nearly 50 years has maintained a rising trend, household population of 59.9 million people from 1949 to 2002 of 136.03 million, while nearly 20 years, along with the economic development of Zhongshan, the immigrant population is growing rapidly , the number of 14.63 million from 1990 to 2002 surge of 107.51 million. End of 2005, the total resident population reached 243.46 million, Zhongshan, where household population 140.82 million, the population density of 1352 persons / sq km. In addition, overseas Chinese and moved to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, Zhongshan immigrants ancestral total of 80 million people, distributed in 87 countries and regions, Zhongshan has been called the "hometown." Population in Zhongshan City, the majority Han population, a total of 230.18 million at the end of 2005, 96.35% of the total population. The language is also Chinese Zhongshan-based, three Chinese dialects of Cantonese in Guangdong Province, Hakka, Min Zhongshan are distributed. Zhongshan Shiqi divided into Cantonese dialect, Shatin, then (near Shunde words), then the triangle (near Dongguan words), then town (near new session) of four, the number of users accounted for 84% of the city's Cantonese total number of city Any township has a user is Zhongshan common Chinese dialect. Hakka mainly in the mountains near Wugui, including the southern bay and Tanzhou Wugui mountain of God. Fujian dialect mainly in Shaxi, Tai Chung Town, three district towns and torch Zhangjiabian etc., are then divided into long, Sango, then Zhangjiabian words and so on. In recent years, with the increase of foreign population, the use of Putonghua is gradually growing crowd. Zhongshan is a city of immigrants, from the Song Dynasty to the Qing emigration of several dialects and China created a Department of Zhongshan species richness. Zhongshan use Hakka Hakka residents mostly from the eastern region near Meixian use Min residents, mostly from Fujian. Shatin residents from using the words in Panyu, Nanhai, Shunde, etc., using the triangle, then residents from Dongguan, using the words of residents from the town of Xinhui, Jiangmen, Shiqi use words from residents from Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Fujian provinces moved over the Central Plains.
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Traffic
Zhongshan Road is the main transport current, water, supplemented, and take advantage of other cities in the Pearl River Delta region of ports, airports, railways and other resources. According to 2004 data, Zhongshan total of 1,345 km of highways, road density of 74.7 kilometers per 100 square kilometers. In 2005, the newly completed and upcoming Zhongshan highway opened to traffic in the river highway there, too Macao Expressway, west coastal highway and Guangzhou-Zhuhai West Superhighway, they and 105 State Road, Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway, the city "six vertical five horizontal "as the backbone of regional trunk road together, constitute the extensive road network and strengthen the contact with neighboring Guangzhou, Zhongshan, Zhuhai, Foshan, Jiangmen and other cities, so city traffic and the PRD regional transport form a tight convergence . Waterway transport, Zhongshan existing terminals 216, berth 28, the maximum berthing capacity of 5,000 tons. Public Pier mainly in Zhongshan Port, Port and God Xiaolan Bay Port, Zhongshan Port's capacity by 400,000 TEUs, Xiaolan port area of 300,000 TEUs to 250,000 Bay Harbor God TEUs. Zhongshan Port container throughput of 400 million tons, according to statistics from the China Association of Port, Zhongshan port is China's top ten container port throughput, world container port throughput hundred, Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangzhou and other major ports feeder ports. Zhongshan City, there is no railway and airport. Planned railway national high-speed rail and coastal Guangzhou-Zhuhai railway Heshan - Nansha railway. Planning intercity fast track there Guangzhou-Zhuhai intercity rail transportation, Guangzhou Airport - Macau line and Guangzhou-Zhuhai intercity fast track, Jiangmen branch. In addition, within a radius of 90 km Zhongshan Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Hong Kong, Macao and other five international airports, Zhongshan available for public use. Zhongshan City, the main public transport as buses and taxis, buses from Zhongshan City Bus Co. Management, part of the township have _set_ up their own bus, Ltd., now you can use the city by bus card "Zhongshan pass" IC card (only part of the bus, but most of the buses can use IC card ride). Zhongshan city's leafy road
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Wikipedia Encyclopedia
Zhongshan Shi Zhongshan Zhongshan Shi Cities in Guangdong Province, one of commodity grain base, focus on sugarcane production area, the famous hometown of overseas Chinese. Located in the southern Pearl River Delta, Lingdingyang the West. Area of 1680 square kilometers, population 1,126,100. Song _set_ Xiangshan County, South County because there Xianglushan, hence the name. 1925 renamed to commemorate Sun Yat-sen in Zhongshan County. 1983 changed the city. Urban Habitat is located in the alluvial plains and hills dotted with terraces. The southern half of the higher terrain, multi altitude of 400 to 500 m hill. After the plains of the Ming and Qing Xijiang, Beijiang alluvial Sha Tin, Tin Wai district, interior crisscrossed rivers, tidal irrigation may be cited, excellent conditions for agricultural production, and a beach reclamation available, Shatin considerable yield potential. Sui and Tang ago, the city sea is vast, sparsely populated, mostly residents of the fishing industry. After the song with alluvial expand, gradually dominated by agriculture, has become a land of plenty. Agriculture rice, mulberry (cane) also accounted for a certain proportion of the base ponds, pond fish production after Shunde and Nanhai. More developed crops, sugar cane focus areas and rich lychee, banana, longan, multi-product distribution by sea, Guangzhou and Hong Kong and Macao. Zhongshan Port is an important shipping hub. Rapid industrial development, mainly sugar, wine, agricultural machinery, household appliances, shoes, etc., compared township enterprises in general. Zhongshan living abroad and no fewer than 30 million people in Hong Kong and Macao. In the modern history of China, Zhongshan Overseas Chinese have had an important contribution. Tourist spots are a Chinese garden features Zhongshan Hot Spring, the Yangtze River Reservoir Playground and Sun Yat-sen's hometown Tsui Hang Village and so on. Sun Yat-sen hometown Tsuiheng (Xu Junming Stuart Naoki)