insect Snakes : Chinese herbal medicine > Water beetle
Contents
亦作"龙虱"
  Also as "Dytiscidae." Insect names. Adults are oval, flat, black or brown, slender larvae. Usual residence, water, fly out at night. Fujian, Guangdong ﹑ often catch that food.
Translated by Google
No. 2
龙虱
  Also as "Dytiscidae." Insect names. Adults are oval, flat, black or brown, slender larvae. Usual residence, water, fly out at night. Guangdong, Fujian often catch that food. The Jun Ming Tu, "the Department of Min Hoi Kai Shu wrong": "Dytiscidae, like Cang mantis and small, black, Liang Chi six feet from the storm moon, coming from the sea, drowning fields or ponds, coastal people to fish, oil Treasures of the salt system. "Ming Chen Mao-jen," Spring South Magazine ":" Dytiscidae, such as cow dung beetle, like black and thin, splitting eat and got a flavor. "Xu Ke," eating clean barnyard class notes from Guangdong The birds eat worms ":" East Guangdong food, quite different from those provinces, such as dogs, voles ... ... Dytiscidae, is too fragmented. "Lu Xun's" Letter of the two Xu Guangping 77 ":" Dytiscidae Health the water inside the cuticle and soft wings, like beetles insects, but also a little fly. "
Translated by Google
One boat plan
龙虱 一人划的小船
  One person designated boat. "Flower City" in 1981, No. 2: "Planning of Shunde is 13 people long, five long, three chickens (three projects), even Dytiscidae (Pa Wo one barrel), which is entirely based on production, adaptation Shunde river area, stream small Chung geographical features. "
Translated by Google
No. 4
龙虱
  龙虱又称水龟子,为龙虱科各大小种属的统称,隶属于昆虫纲鞘翅目肉食亚目龙虱科,是近年新兴食用的珍贵水生昆虫,生活在田野、水沟、小溪等水体中。它在水能游,出水能飞,并有很强的趋光性。成年龙虱体型椭圆,长约3厘米左右。龙虱个体大小不一,呈流线体,以肉食性为主,也兼食植物性等,尤其善于捕捉水中的小鱼虾和水生昆虫为食。在我国主要产于广东、广西、海南、福建和湖南、湖北等省区。目前市场龙虱来源大多依靠捕捉野生资源,由于水域污染和人为滥捕,故数量日渐减少,以致市场供不应求,导致价格较贵。
  龙虱价格虽贵却受人们喜爱,究其原因,除鲜食滋味鲜美“和味”外,它还具有较高药用价值。据记载,龙虱有滋阴补肾等功效,对医治小儿遗尿、老年人夜尿频多以及肾气亏损、疳积等均有较好效果。常吃龙虱对降低胆固醇,防治高血压、肥胖症、肾炎等也有良好效果。龙虱除鲜食外还可加工成粉剂、浸剂(如龙虱酒)、丸剂等食疗品,故市场销路很好,颇具养殖发展前景。
  龙虱种类较多,仅我国就有160种,其中日本吸盘龙虱是个体最大的一种。据试养证明,这种原为野生的龙虱可以进行人工养殖,目前已在我省等地养殖成功。龙虱养殖周期短(从卵到商品成虫约需8个月左右),对溶氧、水温、酸碱度等要求不高,且它发病少,食性广,易于养殖管理;龙虱个体小,所占水体空间也小,既适合于鱼塘等大水面中养殖,也适合在几平方米的水泥池甚至面积更小的水缸等小水体养殖;饲养成本较低,可以收集分布在各地的福寿螺、田螺、新鲜的死鱼虾、屠宰场的各种动物下脚料等直接投入池中饲喂,平时再偶尔将玉米粉、麦麸等能量饲料加水拌湿后捏成团,经晒干后投喂。因此,各地可根据市场需要,积极研究发展养殖。
  龙虱是怎样繁殖生育后代的呢?到了性成熟发育期,雄龙虱便追赶雌龙虱,用它前足跗节基部膨大的圆形吸盘(抱握足)吸附着雌龙虱光滑的鞘翅前部两侧,并爬到雌龙虱体背进行交配。由此看来,龙虱还是雌雄异型呢(雌龙虱前足无吸盘)。雌龙虱把受精卵产在水草上,靠水的温度孵化出小幼虫。小幼虫没有贮气囊,只靠体内气管贮存很少空气,所以在水中的潜伏时间不能太长,要经常游到水面,将腹末的气管露出水面排出废气,吸入新鲜空气。龙虱幼虫以小鱼、蝌蚪等动物为食,但它没有明显的嘴,上颚也没有嚼碎食物的功能。它的上颚是中空的,基部有一分泌消化物质并连着口腔和食管的小洞,靠近尖端有一个吸取液体食物的小洞口。捕到猎物时,它首先从食管里吐出有毒液体,通过空心的上颚,注入猎物体内,将其麻醉,同时吐出具有强烈消化功能的液体,将猎物体内物质稀释,然后吸食经过消化的物质。所以,龙虱幼虫的取食消化方式称为肠外消化。
  龙虱习性:肉食性,凶猛贪食。说它凶猛,是因为不仅吃小鱼小虾小虫蝌蚪,连体积比自己打几倍的鱼类,蛙类也会去攻击捕食,猎物一但被咬伤,附近的龙虱闻到血腥就会一拥而上。说它贪食,是因为只要有食物,它们真的是吃到撑,在水里浮都浮不起来,这下就大事不妙了,老是在水里可是会被淹死的,只好把吃下去的东西吐一部分出来,把后肠里的东西也排泄出来,要还不行,就只好找棵水下植物爬上水面。它的幼虫状似蜈蚣,亦是凶猛贪食。捕食其它小虫子,一昼夜吃掉50只蝌蚪都不足为奇。
No. 5
龙虱
  龙虱
  (《纲目拾遗》)
  【异名】水鳖虫(《江苏中药名实考》),射尿龟、尿缸贼(《陆川本草》),水龟子(《中药志》)。
  【来源】为龙虱科昆虫东方潜龙虱的全虫
  【动物形态】东方潜龙虱
  体长圆形,长2.4~2.8厘米。背面深橄榄绿色,唇基,前胸背板外缘、鞘翅两侧绿黄色。头部近扁平,中央微隆起;前头两侧有浅凹陷及小点刻。触角1对,黄褐色。唇基前缘直,近前角处有一横陷。上唇狭,两端圆,前缘中央弯曲,呈半月形。复眼突出。前胸背板横阔。鞘翅有3行稀疏的纵点,点纹等宽,不明显。腹部3~5节,两侧有绿黄褐色斑纹。足3对,前脚黄褐色,后脚红褐色,中后跗节暗色。雄性前跗节基部3节扩大,有吸盘。
  生活于池沼、水田或河沟多水草处,入夜能飞于空中。善游泳,好捕食小鱼。幼虫体细长,有锐利的口器,能捕食水中的小动物及小鱼。分布湖南、江苏、福建、浙江、广东、广西、湖北、四川等地。
  【采集】全年均可捕捉。捕得后,用沸水烫死,晒干。
  【药材】干燥的虫体,呈长卵形,全体有光泽。背面黑色。鞘翅边缘有棕黄色狭边。除去鞘翅,可见浅色的膜质翅1对。腹面红褐色至黑褐色。腹部有横纹。质松脆,气腥,味微咸。
  主产江苏、福建、浙江、广东等地。
  【性味】《陆川本草》:"甘,平。"
  【功用主治】补肾,活血。治小便频敷,小儿遗尿。
  ①《物理小识》:"食之除面黚,活血。"
  ②《药材资料汇编》:"用于老人夜溺频繁。"
  ③《陆川本草》:"滋养强壮,治小儿遗尿。"
  【用法与用量】内服:0.8~1.5钱,炙,研末或入丸剂。
No. 6
  Dytiscidae habits: carnivorous, fierce bulimia. It ferocious, because not only eat fish shrimp insects tadpoles, even several times larger than their own volume of fish, frogs will go to attack prey, the prey but was bitten by a nearby Dytiscidae bloody smell it will be swarmed. It bulimia, because as long as there is food, they really are stuffed, floating in the water are not float up, but do not hurt it in the water for more than an hour later, it will produce a gas exchange in the tail bubble, underwater gas exchange. It seemed centipede larvae is also fierce bulimia. Predation other small insects, a day and night eats 15 tadpoles are not surprising.
Translated by Google
English Expression
  1. :  Water beetle
Related Phrases
cirrate