Scientific name: Apodemus: apodemus agrarius (pallas) Alias: Tian Ji mouse, rat black line, black line tail mice. Belong: the case of rodents, murine. Distribution: In addition to Xinjiang, Qinghai, Tibet, all over the country. Hosts: tomato, watermelon, melon, corn and other vegetables and vegetable crops.
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Damage characteristic of
Pirates of food crops, sowing seeds, growing and eating the crops mature vegetative organs and fruits. Apodemus as wet rice and other important agricultural areas the dominant species. Pirates often eat the seedlings of various crops, seeds, fruits and melons, fruits and vegetables. General snapped crop straw, feeding the fruit crops. Damage to crops such as rice, wheat, corn, etc., can be maintained from sowing to maturity. In the field and protected vegetables Fresh vegetables are often stolen, seeds, seedlings. Moved indoors because of its frequent, and the epidemic hemorrhagic fever and leptospirosis are important hosts, disease spread as many as 17 species. The health of the people great harm.
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Morphology
Length 65-120mm, small head, tip of snout. Ear length 9-16mm, forward turn close to the eye. Tail length for the body length of 2 / 3, developed tail hair, scales exposed a ring. Coat with different habitat and subspecies differentiation have some more changes. Back hair usually brown, dark gray back hair more than the base, the upper yellow brown, some with black tip. Back with a clear black line extends from between the ears to near the base of the tail. Side of the body hair brown, no black tipped, white belly and legs inside of the wool, wool-based gray, white tipped tail hair short and thin, exposed scales, scales rings clear. Skull slender, more pointed snout, well-developed supraorbital Kawasaki, molar chewing mask odontoid three tandem mound. (Map, flavipectus feeding hole (left) and Apodemus)
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Habits
More extensive habitat, to sunny, moist, place mostly near water, in the fields than the sunny leeward ridge, Di Bian, Riverside, mound building cave habitat. Hole system is relatively simple, sub-habitats and temporary hole two holes. Cave habitats are mostly 2-3 hole, the hole channel is about 1-2m, there are crossings and Blind, the nest for the grass was constructed, a compact solid, easy to fall off. Temporary hole with just a hole, no nest. No stocks habits, based mainly nocturnal, especially Shangban Ye most active during the day and generally inactive. Do not hibernate. Reproductive ability, in the north, 2-3 breeding nest year, spring and summer breeding peak. Each litter, mostly 5-7.
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Control methods
Ecological control of the mouse control approach should be initiated, when the rodents increased the number of ecological control, the need for large-scale assault joint drug prevention and control, optimum control of the main control in the spring and autumn before the on_set_ of two breeding peaks, that is mid-March to 4 late May and mid-August to late September (the time determined under the Rodent forecast), in which control is better in spring, and this time the rainy season has not yet come, easy bait mildew in the field of rodent control benefit. (1) of farmland construction should take into account the control rodents, such as deep plowing the land, the destruction of their systems and identify the direction of hole location of the sign, can increase the chance of predation. (2) removal of garden weeds, deterioration of the conditions of their cover, reduce the rat problem. (3) faster crop harvest and proper storage, cut off or reduce rodent food source. (4) protection and use of natural enemies. (5) manual kill. Apodemus in the number of peak or winter fallow season, the folder can be mobilizing the masses to catch, sealing holes, traps, pour, blast, cuts and other measures to cut or shooting to kill. Areas where conditions permit may also be electric cat rodent. (6) bait method. Sodium rat bait the enemy with 0.1, 0.02% sodium chloride diphacinone bait, 0.01% chlorine rat bait ketone, 0.05% bromadiolone bait, 0.03% -0.05% acetamiprid bait to kill rats to wheat, oat, rice or corn (small particles) as a bait, feeding technology to block and belt. One saturated feeding techniques, better control effect. Gan can also use the 1.5% fluoride wheat bait, six months can not be reused, baits should be used interchangeably with the slow play, and put the bait before the bait prior to use until the rodents no longer wary of running bait. (7) smoke gun law. The amount of sodium nitrate or ammonium nitrate dissolved in hot water, then 40% sodium nitrate and dry manure or ammonium nitrate 50% 60% 50% mixed with sawdust mix, dried and mounted cylinder, barrel should not be too full too fact, the fall, choose the sunny side of the barrel dipped in kerosene, diesel or gasoline, ignite fumes to be released immediately into an effective large rat hole, the hole at a depth of 15-17m, 5-hole block after 10 minutes of solid rodent can be poisoned. (8) fumigation. Within the effective rat holes, each hole was marked with 3-5ml of chloropicrin stuffed cotton wool or straw groups, the hole covered with earth; also used aluminum phosphide, 2-3 tablets every hole. (9) seed dressing method. When sowing seed treatment with methyl isofenphos.
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Notes
a) preparation of operational procedures in strict accordance with rodent bait, prepared bait concentration; b) feeding the field before, listen to weather forecasts in time to avoid the rainy days the medication; c) During feeding, poultry and livestock support good relations, to prevent poisoning accidents. If found incorrect use of toxic, injectable vitamin k1; d) cleaning the residual bait to collect rat carcasses buried to prevent environmental pollution; e) control a large area after the control effect should be prepared to review, when rodent density is still more than control targets, the need to make good governance.
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Basic use
Apodemus rodents, murine. Mus musculus is the one medium-sized, body length of 65 to 117 mm, back brown hair, brown red, the back there is a significant central black lines extending from the ears to between the rear and more inhabit the ridge, on the embankment also penetrated into people's living inside their nests. Omnivorous, mainly at night, eating a variety of crops, with a large number of external parasites, is a major animal epidemic, widely distributed, almost all over the country. Library plus gold in 1959 that the characteristics of Apodemus is the other animals and humans can be lethal for many diseases has amazing resistance to pathogens. For example, to the injection of Apodemus brain Mus musculus lethal mosquito-borne encephalitis and mosquito-borne encephalitis virus does not cause disease, but the virus soon disappear; into the soil Laren Mus musculus bacteria are not lethal disease; Mus musculus death with a can and the amount of forest Apodemus Dani Qi and wheat strains Liege Khodorkovsky and other paratyphoid bacillus infection, can survive. Kitano is equal to 1941 (Northeast China during the Japanese rule), the first report from the source of the plague epidemic in China has been eliminated in Tongliao Apodemus region in vivo detection of Y. pestis. io · m · eπκИИ and other former Soviet Caucasus about 400 Apodemus experimental infections show that Apodemus toxin of Y. pestis, the plague has a high resistance. According to Northeastern University, Medical Department reports North Korea and China's many provinces of epidemic hemorrhagic fever investigation and experimental studies have confirmed that Apodemus animal foci of hemorrhagic fever. At present, China has Apodemus artificial domestication and purification work, will be of a good animal model of hemorrhagic fever.