military affairs : glossary of writings > fast military aircraft designed to attack other aircraft
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Contents
No. 1
  The fighter. A military aircraft. See "fighter."
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Explain the concept of
  Fighter is the main use of the air and to protect our ability to use air power to destroy the enemy's military aircraft. Flight performance characteristics are excellent, flexible, firepower; modern advanced fighter aircraft is equipped with a variety of multi-search, aiming fire control equipment, to all-weather attack air targets.
  Recognized as the world's first fighter is a French Morane · 索尔尼 love L-type aircraft. Because it is equipped with a French aviator Roland Garros' deflection system on a chip ", a little to solve the problem when the plane was airborne gun shots disturbance propeller, the aircraft for the first time in the pilot can concentrate on driving the aircraft to attack each other, but also No additional equipped machine gunner.
  Fighter in the past can be divided into "fighter" (fighters) and the "interceptor" (interceptor), the main task is to strive for a high degree of fighter quickly after launch, before enemy bombers entering our airspace will destroy each other according to the task . Since interceptors against high altitude bombers, with particular emphasis on the need for speed and rate of climb in the design, sportiness placed in relatively minor position. After the end of the Second World War, in view of the atomic bomb to destroy the power of the interceptor's development in many countries and became as important as the traditional fighter aircraft. But the missile is equipped with a large number of mature and after interceptor characteristics can often be coupled via a conventional fighter missiles to meet. So now the trend is no longer specifically developed interceptor aircraft, but at the same time to undertake active aircraft interception task.
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Development process
  The first fighter
  As early as 1903, the Wright brothers invented the airplane, but the invention is not used for a long period of time a specific combat, but only used it to perform reconnaissance missions. In 1915, France will Morane - Thor Fournier L-type aircraft, fitted with a machine gun and a device called a deflection piece, making it truly a combat capability, then the world's first real sense of an Fighter officially declared the birth.
  Blair
  In World War I, military aircraft first appeared on the battlefield, primarily responsible for reconnaissance, transport, correction of artillery and other auxiliary tasks. During the battle, the opposing sides of the pilot with a variety of weapons to attack each other sorts of confused, like a stone, which is "fighting combat" in origin. April 1, 1915, Roland Garros driving equipment of the "deflection piece system" Morane. Suoer Ni Love L-type aircraft shot down a German reconnaissance aircraft. Achieved a first victory of fighters. Subsequently, the German "Fokker E3" style as the equipment better performance "synchronizing machine gun shoot" device, with its excellent flight performance and with heavy firepower, becoming the best performance in World War I, the number of aircraft shot down most fighters. Allies party is called the "Fokker-style catastrophe." The fighter is still in the stage of infancy, mostly wood structure together constitute the fabric skin, from wing to wing three wings are common, most of the major weapons changed from light machine guns used by the Army. Britain had used rocket tackle entrenched in British cities over the German ship. On against ground targets, the bomb was a little early improvement comes from the grenade or small shells, throwing accuracy is not high, the destructive power is low.
  During this period a considerable impact on the future of air combat issue is synchronized machine gun firing devices. The Dutch invented by the device so that the machine gun bullets capable of self-rotating propeller gap among injection, pilot nothing to worry about dangerous bullets collided with the propeller, and the machine gun position can be _set_ close to the pilot's line of sight, thus improving the accuracy of and firepower.
  Development between the two world wars
  Although at the end of the First World War, countries actively disarmament, while slowing investment in defense industry. In this period of time in which civil aviation demand driven many of the technical and theoretical development and maturity, laying the rapid evolution of military aviation development in the late 1930s.
  There are two main aspects of civil aviation demand, one for speed pursuit, which is a variety of racing machine game with prizes. Another gradual long passenger and freight markets. Although the different needs of these two spindle direction, but then the same kind of trends have a common effect of deduction, that is to streamline the design requirements. Streamlined design is to reduce the resistance, when the aircraft to reduce drag on the racing machine, it is possible to increase the speed of transport, the voyage that enhance or traffic, in other words, to increase economic operation .
  Project design includes sleek aircraft is very wide, from the body shell smooth, reduce prominent part of the exterior lines and Zhang, Founder replaced by a smooth curve shape, and some others had outstanding shielding enclosure with rounded curves reduce resistance, the use of retractable landing gear, and so on.
  In addition to efforts on the outside of the sleek design, research and development and use of materials, power systems affect future aircraft design concept to resources and can use. In power systems, in addition to greater development after the engine output horsepower, gasoline Sim Anhui value while propeller ultimate performance and alternative power output also went to study in the affected countries for the operation of the engine have gradually been understood. Among the new generation of research output power jet engines and rocket engines with two deepest impact on future generations.
  By the mid-1930s, the countries most advanced fighter aircraft designed mostly have these characteristics: monoplane, metal-based structure and enclosure, after three retractable landing gear or there is a streamlined housing fixed landing gear, the use of liquid cooling style than using air-cooled engine design, the use of fire to enhance the caliber rifle to a light machine gun or cannon bigger caliber machine guns.
  Second World War
  Following World War II DuHei published his most famous book on air power, air force, air power confirms the importance of war and combat. Which can be said that the development of fighter air power on a substantial negative descriptions of them. Not just as a fighter homeland defense forces to resist the enemy bombers and plays a very important role in the destruction of the enemy's air force and the use of air force capabilities. Not just as a fighter bomber mission to prevent, but also to overthrow the bomber through all defense theory.
  Before the war, fighter development has reached a peak, and open another generation to come. Just a few years between the fighter engine output from hundreds of horses straight-line rise over two thousand horsepower, speed, straight-line rise transonic region, a range of over 2,000 miles, the maximum ceiling to reach 40,000 feet.
  Into the jet era
  Emergence of World War II, jet engines and radar equipment harbinger of the next stage of the development direction of the fighter. After the war, the Soviet Union and Western countries gained from the research of the technology of Nazi Germany, their first-generation jet fighter developed. In the Korean War, the first jet fighters into combat, marking the end of the propeller fighter. This stage is characterized by fighters fly faster and see farther, hit more accurately. October 14, 1947, American pilot Chuck leaf cells (Charles E. "Chuck" Yeager) Seoul Driving Bell X-1 testing machine beyond the speed of sound, becoming the first "run" faster than sound people. Advances in electronic technology makes airborne fire control radar and weapons aiming system greatly improves the fighter's combat capability. At the peak of the Cold War, the fear of failure will destroy the Warsaw Pact countries to make genocide camps are crazy and NATO fighter aircraft development. Models and fitted out at this stage the number of countries also reached an unprecedented peak.
  Changes in the Cold War
  Post-Cold War, the U.S. found another fighter in the direction of the Vietnam War - mobility - still dominate the sky, but not as useless commentators believe that the missile, the missile's performance will determine the outcome of combat, therefore no longer required subsequent fighter excessive speed, and improve the mobility as the first element of combat effectiveness. Countries have to follow the trend of the development of superior mobility models. Vertical takeoff and landing, with the control layout, high-thrust turbofan engine and better onboard electronic systems and equipment performance superior air missiles become a common feature of the stage fighter. 21 century to the early 20th century, the typical American fighter has fielded the F-14, F-15, F-16, F/A-18, the Soviet / Russian SU-27, MIG-29, etc. are.
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The new generation of design direction
  Development direction of next-generation fighter is greater mobility, longer firing range, the ability to attack multiple targets and stealth shape design. The emergence of new technologies to make the 21st century a more ruthless fighter "air sword." Typical models are the United States "JSF" and Russian "MIG1.44".
  Jet Fighter
  The world's first jet fighter in 1939 by the German developed the first. German scientists installed von Ojen developed the He-178 jet engine aircraft is the world's first jet plane. The aircraft on August 27, 1939 first flight. The earliest changes are put into mass production and force jet fighter is a British Meteor "fighter and German Messerschmitt ME-262 fighter. Me-262 first flight on July 18, 1942, at speeds up to 850 . kilometers, than when all piston fighters faster November 1943, Hitler watched the aircraft performance and said: "We have finally reached a bomber can be used to combat the lightning! "The firm does not agree to its use as a fighter until the fall of 1944, Me-262 was able to put to use as a fighter, although Me-262 made a brilliant front, but it has no plan to restore the defeat of Nazi Germany.
  Supersonic fighter
  North American Airlines successfully developed by the United States in 1949, F-100 is the world's first supersonic fighter aircraft in level flight capability, the maximum speed of 1.3 times the speed of sound. Since then, the Soviet MiG -19 fighter test flight in 1953, also broke the sound barrier, the maximum speed of 1.36 times the speed of sound. 1960s, the United States, the Soviet Union, France and other developed countries and the greatest speed is more than 2 times the speed of sound fighter.
  V / STOL aircraft
  The world's first V / STOL fighter by the British Hawker Siddeley company successfully developed a "Harrier" fighter in 1966, the aircraft started to develop in 1957, is equipped with a "Pegasus" on board turbofan jet engine, the two end nozzles placed symmetrically on both sides, steerable rear vents, aircraft fly forward, down spout, jet generate lift, the aircraft making vertical, short take-off and hover in the air. This aircraft can even move backward and lateral in the air, with high mobility and flexibility. "Harrier" aircraft can greatly reduce the dependence on the runway, improve operational layout flexibility. Occurred in the UK in 1982 - Malvinas Islands War between Argentina, UK carrier's "Sea Harrier" fighter to face more than double the number of its own speed twice as fast than their Argentine Air Force legal "Mirage "III fighter, relying on excellent maneuverability, has made 12 in combat: record 0.
  Variable-geometry wing aircraft
  The world's first variable-geometry wing fighter by General Dynamics in 1965, the company successfully developed the F-111. Most of subsonic and supersonic aircraft using a large sweep of the wings, the wings of this wing and straight compared to more conducive to high-speed flight, but not low-speed flight performance, changes in radius, takeoff and landing roll relatively long distances. So, some people began to study the sweep of the wing can change the aircraft flying, landing and low-altitude flying wing was straight after was swept wing at high speeds or delta wing type aircraft low and solved contradictions high-speed flight performance. As early as during World War II, Germany had conducted the study. After the United States defeated and occupied Germany, based on this technology began to change in 1948, swept-wing aircraft test. F-111 on the use of these technological achievements. Since then, the Soviet MiG-23 fighter, the F-14 fighter jets the United States and the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy jointly developed the "Tornado" fighter also uses a variable-geometry wing technology.
  Intercepter
  Interceptor is a fighter, and it is characterized by a rapid response capability, whether it is day or night, after receiving the alarm can immediately take off, climb rapidly accelerate flew designated airspace. Since being volley objects (such as bombers, reconnaissance, etc.) motor is not strong, and for the timely detection and accurate shooting down targets, modern interceptor equipped with sophisticated radar intercept with the power of a larger air missiles, so dedicated interceptor generally more bulky, poor combat performance.
  Early on, the interception task is accomplished by the common fighter. In World War II, in order to intercept bombers at night, in August 1941 the German radar installation in the original volley twin-engine heavy fighter Me-110 and the twin-engine bomber Ju-88, making them the world's first night interceptor.
  50 years after the interceptor stressed the need to fly fast, fly high, the main weapon to air missiles, and some even canceled the cannon. After 70 years, the next-generation fighter aircraft are equipped with advanced radar and guidance equipment, its speed, acceleration, maneuvering weapon power is also far more than bulky interceptor can intercept better implementation tasks, so that countries do not now further development of new dedicated interceptor.
  Stealth Fighter
  "Stealth" fighter aircraft are not invisible, but made a special deal on the shape of the aircraft, paint, etc., used in air surveillance radar, infrared and other detection devices is difficult to find a modern aircraft, which aircraft can be hidden close to the enemy, to surprise attack the enemy goal. Many advanced fighter has adopted a number of radar reflectivity and their suppression of infrared radiation wave technology, the "stealth" part of the effect, and the world's first true stealth fighter developed by the U.S. F-117 fighter, In the beginning of this century it has equipment in the United States Air Force.
  Fighter can perform all tasks in addition to precision air attacks. You can change any one's own fighter and aircraft carriers assigned to a base map.
  City of strategic resources in the storage area must have oil to produce fighters.
  The first military aircraft is mainly used as a reconnaissance role. AD 1915, when the First World War, the aircraft designer Anthony Fo Keer develop a transmission device, this device allows the assembly on the aircraft machine gun bullet shot in the gaps between the rotating propeller. This is the first fighter born. Fighter mission is to shoot down enemy reconnaissance aircraft and fighter jets. After this, as the bomber is widely used to intercept enemy fighter bombers also served as one's own or a bomber escort mission. The most allied bombers flew to ensure the target position and perform tasks way is to shoot down enemy fighters.
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Military aircraft named
  Military aircraft generally used to determine the name or code name, and some existing code, there are names. Chinese military aircraft using the code name, code and design models by the code (also known as the serial number), with the design code represents the aircraft models. Such as "fighter type 7", sometimes simply "J-7."
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Encyclopedia
  zhandouji
  Fighter
  fighter
  See fighter.
    
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English Expression
  1. :  combat aircraft,  attack jet,  battle plane
  2. n.:  fast military aircraft designed to attack other aircraft,  fighter planes,  fighter (aircraft),  fighter
French Expression
  1. n.  chasseur, avion de chasse
Thesaurus
chaser
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