To evaluate the standard of good and evil, relying on public opinion, traditional practices and beliefs of people's inner strength to adjust the relationship between people sum of behavior. Runs through all aspects of social life, such as morality, marriage and family ethics, professional ethics. It is through the establishment of certain standards and codes of conduct of good and evil, to restrain people's relationships and personal behavior, regulate social relations and together with France the normal order of social life from the protection. Sometimes specifically refers to moral or ethical behavior.
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No. 2
道德
Moral of the return date also carry on. - Han Yu, "Mr. Zhu Wengong Changli school series"
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No. 3
As president, he asked the school to maintain high ethical standards and courtesy rules
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No. 4
道德
Ethical
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One of the social ideology, and behavior of living together is the criteria and norms
Social ideology is one of the people live and conduct standards and norms. Moral from the economic base of society must decide, and to a certain degree of social and economic infrastructure services. Different times, different classes have different moral values. "Han Feizi": "ancient race in ethics, by the resourcefulness of the world, today it is on edge." "Later Han kinds of Dai Biography": "Chen Wen Xing is moral virtue and Chang, moral government of the Ming Chang, G surname of the Ming and Wan Ning. "Han Yu" Tao ":" Where I clouds are the so-called morality, benevolence and righteousness words together too, the public words of the world. "s" Family "March 3:" He's another exaggeration feel the moral force of more than this family is about to collapse. "
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No. 6
I "the moral" the ministry said. Southern Song Bao Zhao, "Yin Yong Shu 4": "closed curtain Notes" moral ", open diagram above Tianjue." Tandoori just "winter Ye Xuan Yuan Emperor Temple" Poetry: "family left the old history," morality "to pay this king. "Yuan Ni Zan," Kang Suzi Miscellaneous Words "Poetry:" "moral" 5,000 words, then the Mystery and Metaphysics. "
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No. 7
Monk practice of martial arts, magic. "The Collection of Buddha Amitabha Sutra Lecture": "all about Buddhist monk pear moral high temperament Qingling can Wanzhuan." "Outlaws of the Marsh," Fifth Third back: "I'm so naturally monk, never annoying you committed , why the night comes over the wall and off you, to join in the ax me? if I no morals, have been killed. "Qing Ji Yun" Notes of Luan Yang continuously recorded three ":" suddenly two female ghosts are lamp, to the monks for Li said: 'Normal h ave trouble drinking carnivorous ... ... the master teacher transfer language, do not extend those whom the high moral, then the privilege of speaking to bounce back carry on'. "
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Sense of the moral code of conduct defined
Definition 1: starting from the individual self-awareness, lead to the groups which affect the formation of "spirit" of "language" "behavior" micro-macro a little unity, that is moral. Definition 2: The moral is out of the natural attributes to adapt to the social attributes. (Here that of the natural attributes, the real is the animal.) Should be together in heaven moral code of conduct. As the human intelligence can grasp the dynamics of natural justice, to lead the dynamic level of heaven to improve, so, with the dynamic level to improve justice, moral standards that the increases. Definition 3: Morality is a social ideology, it is people living together and their behavior and norms. Different times, different classes have different moral values, without any kind of morality is eternal. Often with the moral "conscience" with talking about, follow the mainstream conscience is the moral conscious of the psychological sense. Ethics is not a natural, human and moral values is acquired by the public opinion of public education and long-term effects evolved. Definition 4: moral, legitimate or not, refers to the concept of measuring behavior standards. A society are generally socially accepted code of ethics. Involves only the individual, between individuals, families and other personal relationships and moral, that private morality; part of the ethics involved in public, called public morality. Closely related to ethics and culture, some of the times and marked ideological imprint. There is commonality of human morality. However, different times, different social, tend to have a number of different moral values; different cultures, the emphasis on the moral elements and their priority, often held moral standards differ. The so-called "sex is similar to learning phase far", as a moral, cultural and social background in different external forms, customs, and often far. The following interpretation of the original entry is the only sense of the moral code of conduct for an understanding of: Road: intention is an objective truth that the nature of the structure, movement, change, and other laws, the objective of social development and changes of the human illness and death and other laws, is a natural law of existence and development. It is an objective reality, about the social and human development. Conform it to the development of society can be healthy and harmonious, people would be healthy and happy, great nature, will exist. Germany: the intention is in harmony with nature. Development of social and human needs. Does not contravene the laws of nature, under the premise to transform the natural, social development, to develop their career. Is not contrary to follow the "Road" to adapt and transform the nature so that the social, natural and human to long-term development, harmonious co-existence. Road and the reunification of Germany together is the moral, people press the "Road," the law to do something, doing things, is a "moral." I find from the 80's definition of morality, not very appropriate interpretation, by thinking, ask a lot of the older generation, has finally been concluded above, brought together education, future generations. Road: Road is good sense. Germany: Germany is to pay. Road + Germany: Generally speaking there is quality. In essence, human nature is good, that man is born only instinct (there are a lot of instinct would endanger the survival of others), but I do not know restrain itself. So, everyone needs the external constraints on instinct and inherent constraints, external constraints are legal, but only a function of the law sanctions in an attempt to hurt people's instinct for others to human society in great danger; Therefore, the inherent need constraints (that is, moral) to restrain instinct, while not illegal, but also to others (or even human society) harm behavior. So, the moral is that social norms of the constraints of human instinct, in other words, a person's life down there in any way harm or even kill other life instinct (ie "survival without morality"), the moral is, after following the legal constraints which kind of instinct, a tool to reduce this harm.
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China's moral well-being defined study
What is moral? Because human nature is not satisfied, it is the ultimate pursuit of happiness, so the moral is to maintain our well-being gradually established and accepted some of the code of conduct. According to this definition, Chen verify the Goldbach conjecture, Nie Wentao grain protection curve analysis, a kind of professional ethics and personal pursuit of happiness. The field of consciousness from the material and to understand, faith is a sense of moral consciousness is the reaction of the material. To understand from the concept of truth, faith is the right sense of morality is the correct behavior. If we stand on the personal point of view: What is faith? Faith is the self-righteous beliefs. Is dominated by the belief in moral behavior. Because people are the product of the times, because substance determines consciousness, because the environment in which each person is different, so people of faith is not the same. When you are young influence on enlightenment in the Islamic religion, then your faith is a God; you the young are educated in Catholic probation, then your faith is in God; money if you are young mercenary contamination in the environment, then , money is your God. Because people's beliefs are different, so people's moral values will vary, so people's moral behavior also is different, we will have a variety of social contradictions, which is the root cause of social disharmony. On the contrary, if we have a common faith, are advocating some of the common morality, then, our world is bound to be a harmonious world. Material determines consciousness, therefore, a crisis of survival of people out of the noble faith, not a natural born to, but from the secondary to the quality of education, from love of influence in germination, and is trained in the appropriate environment . Noble faith, from a great era, from the great society - well-being society. Material determines consciousness, so our faith and morals should be subject to objective laws, subject to the harmony between man and nature. Because the Earth is the cradle of humanity, the earth is the mother of mankind, therefore, care of the earth, protect the natural is the love of our home, our mother is love, so making the Earth more harmonious existence should be our highest ideals, as he ties to our human generations. Historically, the feudal society between people there are great social discord, there are higher because people with low human conflicts, but it is the relative nature of capitalist society more harmonious; Now human society and nature is some discord, excessive digging Lankan, arbitrary arrest almost indiscriminate killing to be added to the extent, nature has been to destroy modern society is not suitable for human existence to the degree of risk.
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Ethics etymology
Moral word in Chinese can be traced back to the pre-Qin thinkers I book the "Tao Te Ching," a book. I said: "Dawson's, German animal, physical form of the, into the device. Respect is everything everyone said and Guide. Road, respect, Germany's expensive, Fumo often the order of nature." The "Road" refers to the nature run a common truth and the human world; and "Germany" refers to the dead virtue, good character, benevolent. Road and Germany at the time the two concepts, there is no moral term. "Ethics" begins with the word used in conjunction Xunzi "Encouraging Learning" chapter: "Therefore, to study peace ceremony, full length men, and that is why it is very moral." In the ancient Western culture, "moral" (Morality) originated in the Latin word "Mores", meaning customs and habits.
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Chinese traditional ethics
Proper moral behavior is to determine whether or not the concept of a standard. Ethics to regulate people's behavior as a social norm. According to Confucius, the state, to be "Germany to France," the moral and legal complement each other. Meanwhile, the law reflects the will of legislators, listen to public opinion, legislators enacted the law, reflecting the social mores in the legal demands. Morality has a universal, all of society as a whole, regardless of status, all are suitable, moral equality before. "University": "from the emperor as well as common people, first begin with self-centered." "Man has class, arithmetic, countries are not spared his family the words of equality, many books on natural rights theory. My Country words of equality, is based on human nature are good, said. Courtesy of the class for the table, and self-cultivation equality in, regardless of class, arithmetic, people's equality, but in the moral. " " Moral is that people evaluate a measure of a person. A person who contrary to social morality, such as unjust, disloyal lack of filial piety, then the people will give him a negative evaluation, resulting in his reputation no good to his people from the periphery to form a social pressure to restrain his behavior. On the other hand, for many people, the moral conscience of the individual consciously abide by, without the constraints surrounding the social pressure groups. People on a person's moral judgments, mainly from the person shown by words and deeds. The so-called "virtuous do not have the speaker," verbally advertised virtue and morality will not really have virtue and morality, so people tend to "listen to his words and deeds," and then judge. Personal moral views of themselves and others, who are tolerant, who are demanding. Chinese culture has advocated more stringent on their own, the idea of forgiveness to others. Confucius said: "thick to have been responsible, thin to responsible people." Han Yu: "ancient gentleman, its responsibility is also important to have weeks, the others are light to some."
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Basic concepts of traditional Chinese morality
Four-dimensional: gift, device, inexpensive, shame Four-dimensional view, first _set_ out in the "tube." "Tube" herdsmen articles: "Depository real, you know etiquette. Well fed, well bred. ... State-owned four-dimensional, one-dimensional must then tilt, two-dimensional crisis is never, never will cover three-dimensional, four-dimensional must then destroy. Dump are also available, risk can be safe also, can play a cover also, off the wrong is not complex, what four-dimensional? a ceremony said, second meaning, third Lim, Si Yue shame. not more than ritual section, the meaning is not self-feeding, clean does not cover evil, shame is not from the vain. it is not over section, the upper safety. not self-feeding, the people have no clever hoax. does not cover the evil, the line from the whole. not from the vain, the evil things are not raw. " The five permanent members: benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and trust Four years after the beginning of the Han Emperor Zhang Jian, "Wisdom and Faith" is defined as the overall virtues, "the five permanent members." Not only the five permanent members are five basic "mother Germany", "Kidd", and outlines the shape and height of the core values of traditional Chinese moral philosophy and the basic spirit. Ren Yi is the Confucian culture, the two fundamental moral elements, can be described as the overall values of the core values. Left benevolence, righteousness, loyalty, filial piety, ritual, music, etc. are meaningless. Confucius said: "people rather than benevolence, such as the ceremony why? People rather than benevolence, such as music why not?" Xunzi: "From the Road, not from the king, from the meaning not from the father, who's accusing him of it." "Bai Hu Tong": "co-ruler to justice, can not you go", "Book of Changes": "No matter the nobility, noble being to." Benevolence, righteousness, compared with other values and elements of detachment. For example, Confucius' Analects Zi Lu ", said:" Promises must be kept and action must be resolute. "Mencius said:" The adults who made without believing, without fruit, the only meaning lies. " Benevolence, righteousness importance, as evidenced by the words of Confucius and Mencius, Confucius said: "lofty ideals to survive without harm-jen, there are killing themselves to pay the price." Mencius said: "It is also my objectives, meaning, I also objectives; the two can not have both, who is also his life and for justice. " Confucius: benevolence, righteousness of this also; righteousness, benevolence section also. "Benevolent, people; Road, who defined it." Mencius: "Jen, the people also; justice, human way also." Sub-words: "Jen few, meaning there is a large length of the small." Zhu Xi: "benevolent heart of Germany, and love of truth. Righteousness, the heart of the system, things the appropriate people. "" Hanshiwaizhuan's Disconnection ":" Love the feeling of, that of benevolence, love festival rationale should be, that meaning. "Han Yu" Yuan Dao ":" that the love of benevolence, the line but rather that the meaning of the ; ... benevolence and righteousness, for naming; Road and Germany, for the virtual bit. " Jen - Confucius: benevolence, love. Jen's broad, covering many, for example, "filial piety is, its for the benevolence of this with." "Can do five persons, men of benevolence in the world", five persons, "Christine, width, letter, Min-hui." "Gang, Yi, wood, Ne, Jinren." "Benevolent, his words would be Ren." "Erudite, Atsushi, cut asked in recent thinking; benevolence in which the carry 。"......。 However, Jen is not far away and not "benevolence far away? I want to Jen, Jen Adams Zhiyi." Jen is not irrational, unprincipled, or weak, "the only benevolent, can be good, to the wicked." "Benevolent, there must be brave. " Meaning - Confucius said: "righteousness, should have." Zhu Xi: "righteousness, justice of the desirable." Righteousness, Laurie, moral, justice, justice. Confucius said: "Gentlemen of the so-called righteousness, Jie things are equal in the world." "Meaning that the gentleman." "See Leith justice." "Unjust and the rich and expensive, to me as a cloud." Four words: loyalty, filial piety, festival, meaning Loyalty, filial piety in Chinese society is the foundation of moral values. "Book of Filial Piety", the Master said: "When a man who filial piety, days after also, the meaning is, this person also," "husband filial piety, virtue of this also", "Koji, is loyalty." Zeng: "Fu Tzu, loyalty and forgiveness it." Loyalty, filial piety flourished in the summer, "said Shang Zhong Xia, complex yet filial piety." Zhong - "Dictionary": "loyalty, respect also, dedication reads loyalty." Confucius said: "Summer Road, respect life, do ghosts and much of the worship, and Zhong Yan neighbor. ... Takahiro Shang Shi Zhou, do ghosts and much of the worship, neighbor, and Zhong Yan. "" Book of Rites token "contains words of Confucius:" Jun world, health and selfless, his son refuses to thick, people such as parents, are sorrowful DA love, There Tadatoshi light of actual costs to teach ... shame, loyalty and not guilty "," Zuo Huan six years ":" Sili on people, loyalty is also "where" loyalty "means" of officials loyal to the monarch and the people. " Confucius stresses the relationship between ruler and subject focus, said: "Jun envoys with propriety, Chen Shi Jun-Zhong", where "loyalty" means minister loyal to king, and in the later imperial times, this almost turned into the meaning of "loyalty" The only meaning. Sun Yat-sen once said: "ancient talking about 'loyalty', is loyal to the emperor ... we are within the Republic, according to reason, said, or to stay loyal, not loyal to the king, to be loyal to country, loyal to the people, for four hundred million people to allegiance to four hundred million people loyal, more loyal to one person is much more noble. "" Zuo Zhao Xi first year ":" Pro did not forget countries suffering, loyal people. "loyal, loyal people of this means, Confucius' words, "neighbor and loyalty" and "loyalty benefit of education", Mencius words "to teach people that the good guys", so the guys "do not specifically refer to subjects on the mind, but refers specifically to see the danger of non-mandate, the first job that the living Managing Partner who seek help when dedicated people to. " Filial piety - "Dictionary": "filial piety, charity parents." Filial piety is one can start from the nearest side of the relationship between human virtues, known as the "first in Paterson, virtues of the first," " Book of Filial Piety ", the Master said:" Dear Christians, is greater than filial piety. " "Takayuki righteousness, beginning not limited to run a family." Sun Yat-sen in the "Three Principles of democracy," the article pointed out: "" Book of Filial Piety, "Xiao said the word, almost everything, nothing not to." Children of filial piety is the most basic meaning of filial piety to their parents. "Book of Rites": "filial piety has three: a large statue Respecting, followed by Vladimir disgrace, under which can support." Foremost is the meaning of filial piety Respecting, Mencius: "filial matter, great peace Zunqin," Master said: "Today's filial piety are is that to support. The pleasures, able to have support. disrespect, why not peace? "Now that filial piety, often refers to children for their parents, elders support the younger generation, in fact, the first in respect of maintenance. As ancestor worship, sacrifice to enjoy the gift, "like being to close to superstition, then respect Zu Jingzong actually reported to the chase is far from the service." Ancestor worship, ritual, etc., are an extension of the family clan culture of filial piety. Three Dade: wisdom, benevolence, courage Three Dade from "moderate." "Mean": "knowledge (wisdom), benevolence, courage of the three, is the world's Dade, so the line of who one is." Indulgence, abstinence and desire for justice To the Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi was the human desire for the proliferation and luxurious atmosphere, that "preserving the natural human desires," and said: "Food, heaven also; Delicacies, human desires are husband and wife, heaven also; third wife four concubines, who want to have. "that the pursuit of delicacies, the three wives of four concubines is contrary to the wishes heaven, usually food, monogamy is heaven. In Xianru had a similar idea, Master said, "diet, men and women, great people want Cunyan", "Mencius" contains Gaozi words: "food, color, sex also," "Book of Rites Music Man": "proud not long, want not vertical, but you must be at least, not very happy, "Eat Drink Man Woman desire, right and proper, to meet the meet the heaven of desire without indulgence. Pate: Chunghsiao, love, faith, peace In modern times, Sun Yat-sen made eight of China's inherent morality, in his "Three Principles of Nationalism", said: "talked about China's inherent morality, the Chinese people still can not forget, the first is Chunghsiao, second is love, followed by Lutheran, followed by peace. these old morality, the Chinese people often say it remains, but now by the foreign national oppression, invasion of the new culture, new cultural forces are now rampant in China. people generally obsessed culture, we reject the old morality, thought that, with a new culture, they can do the old morality. inherent in the things we do not know, if they are good, of course, is to save the bad before they can give up. " Pate and four-dimensional, collectively, the "four-dimensional Pate."
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Criticism of traditional Chinese morality
The following is the content of the original entries have had, and continue there was a general view: Most of the ancient world, countries are using religion as the ideology of the ruling class, only the ancient Chinese Confucian emphasis on "morality." Confucianism advocates Supplementing elements, because moral education can be "precautionary measure", is more conducive than the draconian rule. Not only can paralyze people's morale, but also conducive to the ruling class's ideas became the ruling ideology in society as a whole. Confucian and Valuing Loyalty, especially Neo-Confucianism advocates "preserving the natural human desires," to the right people for the struggle to survive as "Desire", will severely depressed people's rights perspective. Rulers on the one hand do whatever they want for their own interests, on the other hand asked people to "sacrifice for justice," "Shashenchengren", "severing", even killing their loved ones have lost their lives or to comply with the interests of virtue and morality in line with the ruler. Been victims receive compensation only after the spiritual solace it. The moral of ancient Chinese society is characterized by the patriarchal views and imperial supremacy combined, that is, to monarchy and paternalism to each other, emphasizing the need to abide by their children, "filial piety" to obey parents' orders, while the emperor was regarded as Jun Fu country, the country's people must obey him. Filial Piety is intended to foster feelings of loyalty, filial piety as to shift allegiance. Chunghsiao can not be reconciled with loyalty to the emperor for the last when necessary, "severing of relations." The main elements of feudal morality can be summarized as filial piety and righteous words: Loyalty: to obey his feudal monarch, "to Chen Si Jun, Chen had to die", nor even against the tyrant. Filial piety: children must obey the parents, "No not the parents' parents abuse their children were beaten as natural rights. Day: China's feudal society, men can be three wives four concubines, women were required to Shoushenruyu single-mindedness. Meaning: that the rulers must swear to obey the code of ethics, the interests of the rulers must not hesitate to sacrifice his own life. Lu Xun's short story "Diary of a Madman" Madman in the mouth by pointing out the nature of feudal ethics of eating: "I turn over a check, this history does not age, leaning on each page are written on 'virtue ethics' a few words I could not sleep anyway, carefully read the middle of the night, only to see words from the crevices of the word, two words are written is full of the 'eating'!. "
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Moral doctrine of the class
Marxist morality: in a class society, morality refers to the class interests to maintain the rule of conduct. It is the ruling class based on their own interests and create the spirit of the product. Purpose is to be ruler voluntarily give up their interests, willing to accept the ruling class of slavery. So the moral of class society is often one of the most despicable double standards for different classes have different codes of conduct. The ruling class often equated to their own interests the interests of all members of society, the personal interests of rulers require that unconditional obedience virtual collective interests (ie, the interests of the ruling class), and even must not hesitate to sacrifice the lives of individuals.
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Moral and political
Daode general terms yes Lingjia above the law, because Daode from human social development process of human consciousness, but in practice, but it can not avoid the embarrassment of a situation, because it is a higher level of demand, while in humanities, we can not enforce people are in such standards to their own. And in various areas of morality and religion is not the same, has led to the exchange is not convenient. So, the moral law is the most basic legal sources, but there is not a substitute for the law.
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Ethical issues of foreign drip
East Asia In Japan, Vietnam, North Korea, South Korea and other East Asian region, there is a big moral values and common Chinese, but also some differences. East Asia has many of the same moral and ethical. Japanese scholars on the river Bove said: "The development of the Song Dynasty, the Neo-Confucian culture, more upper hand, this also determines the evolution of intellectual history and influence of 'the East Asian cultural circle', 'East Asian cultural circle' will evolve to become the present East Asia 'Confucian cultural circle'. "Kun Kim Korean scholars in the" Confucian cultural circle of order and economy, "a book, said:" Confucianism in Japan, Korea, the most advantage of the traditional culture is still as a principle and order and development of Confucian culture, economic development success is due to Confucian ethics with the economic development of the adaptive " Ancient Rome The Roman Empire is to safeguard the slave-owning aristocracy and moral interests, the spirit of deception and suppression of the slave instrument. Roman God that human beings are born into rulers and ruled. Slaves must obey the will of God, willing to obey the master's command. Slave owners that slavery is only a property of life, talking tools, denied any of their freedom and power. Slavery is a heinous crime to kill the owner's behavior must be severely punished. The owner is free to kill their slaves ethical, this is only the exercise of his own title to the property only. In Roman eyes, a woman is only a domestic slave, is doing housework for her husband and have children the tools. Their bodies are owned by their husband's property. Adultery is seen as shameful crime, is a betrayal of their owners. Roman law stipulates that a wife must obey her husband, her husband is strictly prohibited and any person other than sex. If the wife was found to be put to death for adultery, the husband and wife have sex outside the relationship between female slaves are not subject to any punishment. Other regions Free law All the freedom does not infringe the freedom of others should be protected. This proposed rule is liberal, and test all ethical standards, this rule does not meet the moral is that inequality, persecution of the weak slave morality. In other words, as long as nothing to do with others, did not infringe the freedom of others and the interests of the should not be considered immoral, evil, shameful, and should not be any interference or public condemnation of violence. For example, the prohibition of homosexuality, banned begging, and other acts of discrimination against sex workers are persecuted for vulnerable groups, because they do not infringe anyone's interest, not hurt anyone, so no one has the right to interfere with these behaviors.
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Moral bottom line
You can not noble, but not outrageous. To achieve this requirement, you must follow some basic ethical principles, this is the moral bottom line, that is honest integrity, mutual benefit, equality, responsibility, without prejudice to each other's interests. For example, you can not always for the sake of each other, but you can not damage the interests of the other party should be. For example, love, you can not cheat the way to get emotional.
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Road Medical Health
Channel: the origin of the universe, the body, objective laws. Germany: the pursuit of origin, the principle of the law of the body. From the road medical viewpoint, because the human body at all times subject to internal and external environment, often resulting in a steady state in the human body in an unbalanced state, resulting in people not sick and morbid. The pursuit of maintaining their own physical health. Road Medical Health is to safeguard people's health, follow the laws of nature, principle of the use of said medicine (chemical and biological principles of human moral life, etc.) continue to regulate their own consciousness, conduct, or the use of natural medicine, to health care, anti- disease treatment purposes.
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Encyclopedia
daode Moral morality Ethics study. A social consciousness in the form, refers to adjust the evaluation of good and evil people, the relationship between the individual and society's standards, principles and norms of the sum, but also those with the appropriate behavior, activities. Ethics contains both objective and subjective content. The objective aspect, refers to certain members of society, social relations of the objective requirements, including moral relations, moral ideals, moral standards, moral principles and norms, and so on. It is implemented in all areas of social life, the performance of political ethics, professional ethics, marriage and family ethics and social norms in public life and so on. Subjective aspects of morality, including ethical behavior or moral activities of the main moral consciousness, moral judgments, moral beliefs, moral emotion, moral, ethics and moral quality and so on. The contents of this form of moral principles and norms, which requires personal morality into practice to achieve this transformation process, through moral education and public opinion, raising the personal moral ideals and moral principles, norms of understanding, thus gradually forming personal moral beliefs, moral habits and moral style. Etymology of the word ethics in the Chinese language was first used separately. Chinese Shang Dynasty Oracle already has a "moral" character, but intended to be broad. Western Zhou Dynasty Yu Ding-Ming Wen of the large "German", which is obtained by the etiquette to act with meaning (see color pictures Zhou Dayu Ding-Ming Wen (rubbing) the text within the cast of "German" word). "I," a book of "respect is everything everyone said and Guide," the proposition. In the "Xunzi Encouraging Learning" in the "Road" and "Germany" before the word used in conjunction, "so learn to carry on peace ceremony full length. That is why it is very moral." The concept of morality in ancient China, which includes the ethics, but also includes cultivation of a personal nature, the meaning. In the West, the word ethics comes from the Latin moralis, the term refers to customs and mores of the plural, the singular mos refers to personal character, character. Origin and the origin of moral development has been the long-term concern and debate the ethical thinker issues before the birth of Marxism, there are two typical moral origin theory. The history of Providence, said people who hold this view believe that moral originated in the wishes of God or days, or days, God instructed the "saints", the emperor or leader develop codes of conduct, people can be blessed to comply with God's will, God's non-compliance intention would be God's punishment or days. Dong Han Dynasty of China that connected Heaven, that the "Road source for days, the same day, will never change." Western theists and theologians believe that God created the world, morality is God's revelation, conveyed by the Saints, "commandments", and thus the nature of moral precepts, or "God" or intent of the legislation. Said that the origins of human morality in the "human nature" itself. This argument there are two different views in: ① morality is born that is some sympathy, moral sense or a priori reason to distinguish between good and evil. The main representative of Chinese Confucian Mencius claims from human nature is good and moral, he said: "compassion, benevolent; shame evil heart, Yoshiya; respectful of the heart, gift also; non-heart, intellect also. Benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom I have non-melt from the outside, I also inherent "(" Mencius Chapters on "). Neo-house continued from human congenital "heart", "sex" to find the source of morality. A similar view in the West German classical philosophers such as I. Kant, born with a pure moral sense, that "good will", such a priori "rational" and "will" is the moral roots. ② morality originates in the feelings and desires. This idea that there is life and pursue happiness and avoid suffering by nature, the behavior of people feel happy is good, and feel the pain of the act is evil. Song Liang China has made in life and desire, joy, anger, sadness, joy, love, evil, "six by obtaining the positive, compared with road, missing the positive, compared with desire." Dai Ming and Qing Dynasties moral proposition more clearly originated in the profit and avoid loss of human desire and nature. T. Hobbes in modern Western materialist thinkers, CA Helvetius and L. Feuerbach, who also held a similar view that human nature is the nature of moral performance. In the history of ethics, whether that morality comes from God's will, or that comes from human nature itself, regarded as a moral community beyond the specific historical conditions, the eternal, absolute, and did not really reveal the origin and nature of morality. Marxist historical materialism, the Marxist point of view, the moral right to reveal the true origins of morality in human society that a certain mode of production or economic relations generated, it is being affected by people's material
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Buddhism 百科
[Moral] (term) named Fa Road. Enlightenment yet, that is Germany. Infinite Life Sutra next, saying: "Long and moral Heming."
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English Expression
: morality
n.: moral, morale, moralism, morals, walk with God, sermon in stones, ethics, virtue
adj.: good
French Expression
n. morale, morlité
Thesaurus
call [make] white black the principle of a more simplified taxation system, broader tax collection basis, lower tax rates and stricter tax collection, ethic, morals [pl] standards of behaviour, ethos, virtue, Conduct Zhidao, moral character (integrity) Daode Village Daode Town
