Large dictionary. Zhonghua Book Company in 1936. 1958, revised in 1979 by the Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House three-volume. Published in 1989, revised again. Including general words and phrases from Wikipedia word of two parts, a total of 12 thousand articles, 15,880,000 words. In addition to three-volume, the additional volume compact edition, and arranged by subject classification of 26 volumes.
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About Ci Hai
辞海简介
"Ci Hai" is the largest comprehensive dictionary. "Ci Hai" all versions "Ci Hai" is a word with the word, both dictionaries, language dictionaries and encyclopedia dictionary features a large comprehensive dictionary. Ci Hai famous words from the Han Dynasty in Shaanxi Hanzhong Moroccan carved cliffs, "Shek Mun Chung." Is insignificant masterpiece "Ci Hai" is a century, generations of scholars tempered crystal. "Ci Hai" the earliest planning, launch began in 1915. Zhonghua Book Company, when the founder Mr. Lu Feikui determined to _set_ the Chinese word compilation, Words and comprehensive encyclopedia in one of the Dictionary, the Humboldt momentum, respectable. And get "Welcome to Wikipedia," meaning, the title as the "Ci Hai." Old "Ci Hai" started in autumn 1915, and 1928 only, when he dropped out when. Professionals employed since 1928, Mr. Shu Xincheng, "Ci Hai" editor in chief, and finally was published in 1936, the "Ci Hai" two huge volumes, sound moving the country, were important moment, the history of China published a major event in the permanent load. After the liberation, Mao Zedong in September 1957 in Shanghai was officially decided to revise the old "Ci Hai", "Ci Hai" from ushered in a second spring, began a second venture.
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Former Editor
1. Shu Xin (1893 ~ 1960) Hunan Xupu people. 1917 graduated from the Yuelu college, girls school the following year appointed as director of academic affairs Fuxiang. Hunan First Normal School in 1920 and met Mao Zedong. Introduced in 1923 by the Daiying other, adding, "Young China will be." Fuhu after he became director of secondary schools and public schools, Southeast University, Nanjing, Chengdu Professor Gao Shi and other staff. Author of "studying history", "education history of ideas" and so on. 1928, appointed "Ci Hai" editor. 2. Chen Wang Tao (1891 ~ 1977) Zhejiang Yiwu. Japan, graduated from Central University Law Act. 1920, translated and published the "Communist Manifesto", the sponsoring organizations such as Shanghai and Chen communist group, was the "New Youth". After the Shanghai University, Fudan University to teach. After the founding of Ren Huadong Military and Political Committee, vice director of the Culture Committee of Ministers of Culture, President of Fudan University, East China Higher Education Executive Committee Secretary, Chinese Academy of Social Science academician, the NPC and the CPPCC Standing Committee, NLD Vice-Chairman of Shanghai Municipal Director of the Central members. He wrote "Where Rhetoric fat", "Chen Wang moral _set_" and so on. Was appointed in 1961 as the "Ci Hai" editor in chief. 3. Xiazheng Nong (1904.01.31 ~ 2008.10.04) Yichun City of Jiangxi Fengcheng people. Had participated in the Nanchang Uprising, the Youth League from 1928 served as branch secretary of Fudan University, Jiangsu Province, the Propaganda Department of the Communist Youth League secretary, "the sea of youth" magazine editor in chief, in 1933 joined the League of Left-Wing Writers, served as Deputy Minister of United Front Work Department of the New Fourth Army and the political pro-Minister , Su Zhongjun District Political Committee Secretary-General, a Division Survey Research Laboratory Director, Office of the Commissioner Secretary of the Soviet Union in the fourth director (party secretary), Su Zhonggong long education, political director, principals, vice president of Huazhong University building, Shandong Military Region Deputy Director of Political Department of the Jinan Municipal Party Committee Propaganda Minister in particular, the Standing Committee and deputy secretary of the CPC Central Committee Publicity Department, Shandong Branch, Deputy Minister, ministers and members of Shandong branch of the CPC Shandong Provincial Committee, Publicity Department, deputy secretary, secretary secretary of the CPC Jinan Municipal Committee, secretary IV (chair daily work), the CCP Propaganda Department of the rich East China Bureau of Ministers, Ministers, first secretary of Party Committee of Fudan University, Shanghai Communist Party, the First National People's Congress, representatives of the Eighth Party Congress, XII attend on behalf of the CPC Central Advisory Committee, the CPC Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Fifteenth invited representatives of the Shanghai Literary Federation President, Honorary Chairman of Shanghai Municipal Social Service, China's "Encyclopedia" editor, deputy director, "Ci Hai "Editor. 1928 began to publish works. With a "_set_ of literary and artistic creation of agricultural levy", "Essay on the art collection of agricultural levies," "agricultural levy collection of poems," and so on. At 11:16 on October 4, 2008 due to illness treatment failed, Huadong Hospital in Shanghai, died 105 years old. 4. Chen Former Shanghai Municipal Party Committee Propaganda Department, Shanghai Municipal Committee, the State Minister of Education, State Councilor and Vice Chairman of NPC Standing Committee. 2009, appointed "Ci Hai" editor.
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The latest version
辞海 最新版本
1999 edition (the latest version so far) than before the improvements: New lexical entries: six thousand new words most of the last decade head emerging terms. A new interpretation: the international situation has changed dramatically, changing the domestic economy, science and technology advances, a change in the administrative divisions, so a large number of political, economic, technological, names and other items, made a new interpretation. New norms: legal, administrative, scientific and technological fields have emerged in recent years, many new norms, new version of "Ci Hai" are in accordance with the wording of the new specification. New data: population, number and the economic value of production and all involved in data entry, where new data are utilized, are updated. New image: with the text with photos totaling six thousand pieces, most of which are color photos, color pictures of the "Ci Hai" is a large dictionary in the first. The new design: In addition to configuring a large number of color photographs and line drawings must be configured and poured black and white structure with blocks of color, book illustrations, colorful, more modern in form. "Ci Hai" is a word with the word, both dictionaries, language dictionaries and encyclopedia dictionary features a large comprehensive dictionary. 1999 edition of "Ci Hai" in 1989 based on the revised version is made, the closing words, the 16,534 increase to 19,485, the collection of terms, increased to 122,835 from the 120,000. The book length version of increase than in 1989 about 400 million words. Add lexical entries over the past decade most of the emerging words such as "Internet", "multimedia", "transgenic animals", "socialist market economy" and so on. "Ci Hai" appendix a "chronology of Chinese history", "Republic of China administrative divisions," and "common organization name Jane," and "China's ethnic minorities are simple," and "Summary of countries and regions in the world," " Name list of world currency ", etc. 13. Each volume in front of the book "Ci Hai radical form." Index includes "stroke index", "pinyin index", "square numbers index", "foreign language phrases from the index."
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About new versions
辞海 新版简介
Ci Hai Legend Words and phrases from First, the book has received word the first 17,523 words, with complex characters and variant forms 6129. Listed under the first word and the lexical entries, including general words and word usage, a total of more than 105,400 articles. Font and font Second, the font used in the book, to 1986, the State Language Work Committee to re-release of "simplified summary table", in 1955 the Ministry of Culture and the Chinese Language Reform Commission jointly issued the "first Chinese Character Variants" shall prevail, and its shape in 1988, the State Language Work Committee, Press and Publication Administration jointly issued the "Modern Chinese common words table" shall prevail. Specifically address the following: 1. "Simplified summary table" in the simplified characters and the "First Variant Forms" in the _select_ion of words as being article, the corresponding variant with a small traditional and bold, after filling in the words. 2. The scope of radical simplified analogy to "simplified summary table" in the one hundred thirty-two "radical simplification can be used for simplified characters," and fourteen "radical simplification" shall prevail. 3. After the prefix attached to traditional and variant forms, income book, "Stroke Index", "square number index" for future reference. Third, place names, etc., or use general use simplified characters. Or use simplified characters, meaning is not clear, appropriate to retain the original traditional or allogeneic, such as "Wang Jun" (name) of "Jun", not "Jun", "supporting the other (names) of the" other ", not" I " . type_set_ or use the word may be misleading, as appropriate, note the corresponding traditional or allogeneic, as 【Yue Yun (cloud)】 (names), 【L (l) states】 (names) and so on. Phonetic Fourth, with the phonetic alphabet phonetic words, indicating the tone (neutral tone is not marked.) Synonymous variant readings, in principle, under the 1985 National Language Commission, the State Education Commission and the Ministry of Radio and Television's "Different Words Mandarin tone table" phonetic. Read a few different popular period depends on the broader reservations, such as】 【Xing (xíng, and read táng). Modern and traditional pronunciation of the different pronunciation, as appropriate, to old time, such as】 【Yong (yōng, old time yóng). Oral reading tone of voice and different, add pronunciation, such as Abstract】 (zhāi, pronunciation zhé). Five syllable word homonymy of different projects is not the first phonetic pronunciation of the word, belonging to the different pronunciation of the word below: The second pronunciation of different phonetic notation, such as brother】 【long (~ dì), brother】 【long (~ tì). Arrangement and retrieval Sixth, in principle, the book ordered by pinyin sequencer: 1. Word phrases from where the head and sound by key discrete homonymy. 2. The word order of the first by Pinyin. Homophone arranged by stroke, the first few strokes, strokes and more in the post. The same stroke by pen roll pen horizontal, vertical, write, point, in order of folding. 3. Under the first word on the pronunciation of the word under. Words listed under the same prefix more than one purpose, according to the pinyin word order of the second, the second word pronounced the same, according to the order of strokes. The second word the same, according to the third word order, order of words with the second, the following analogy. 4. Foreign letters and Arabic numerals at the beginning of the lexical entries came in the final text. Seven, a simplified or traditional characters, or use words which correspond to several variant, according to the meaning of words with one two three branches of different order. If】 【dry one (the original meaning of the word dry): Second 【dry, Qian, dry】. Ambiguity of the word or words with multiple sub-① ② ③, a sense of need to re-use are described (1) (2) (3) sub, all connected row. Eight, before the book "Hanyu Pinyin syllable chart." Another "stroke index", "square numbers index", "Japanese Foreign Words Index" and the appendix are incorporated into the end of volume. Other September, Calendar: Ancient Chinese History with the old part of the general Calendar, folder Note Year Chronology: Modern and Contemporary History (Opium War in 1840) of the Annals with the AD, if necessary, raise the old Chronology; foreign history and be part of the Annals with the AD. To 0-9 years as a departure. XI, names, country names, place names, dynasties, and other standard post-reign name, but the professionals were combined into one with the common noun phrase is not marked; ethnic, religious, organization, meetings, buildings and other name is not standard post- name, but the Chinese ancient ethnic tribes such as "Jurchen", "Mohe" and other customary no "family", "tribal" and other words of discretion standard. Second, interpretation involves, in addition to history, literature, etc. are, in general, use of legal units of measurement. XIII reference book, "Marx and Engels, _Select_ed Works," "Collected Works of Lenin", "_Select_ed Works of Lenin", "_Select_ed Works of Mao Zedong", have the latest version; references to "The Complete Works of Marx and Engels," because not a full second edition is still with the first edition. XIV, fill out the term with quotation 【】, folder name pen injection with () mark. Fifth, interpretation of the words with * in front of that separate article, for reference. XVI plans according to the book income of more than 16 000 pieces, of which the map 380. Department of the Chinese state boundaries, the map of China Map Publishing House in 1989, according to published 1:400 million "People's Republic of topographic map" drawn. Seventeen, Appendix are: "Chronology of Chinese History," and "People's Republic of administrative divisions," and "common name referred to organizations," and "Chinese Ethnic distribution of summary table," "World and regional summary table," "List the name of world currency", "units of measurement," and "fundamental constants," and "astronomical data," and "international atomic weight table (1997)," "periodic table", "Pinyin", "International Phonetic Alphabet Table. " Eighth, the book deadline at the end of December 1997. All changes after the deadline, just in time and technology permit the addition or modification under the discretionary, generally do not make corrections.
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New preamble
"Ci Hai" (1999 edition) in the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of schedule come out. Cover of the "Dictionary" word, Comrade Jiang Zemin's December 7, 1998 book by hand. "Ci Hai" is a word with the word, both dictionaries, language dictionaries and encyclopedia dictionary features a large comprehensive dictionary. First published in 1936 by the Zhonghua Book Company, Shanghai. Autumn 1957, Comrade Mao Zedong to accept the "Ci Hai" one editor of the initiative Shu Xincheng, decided to amend the "Ci Hai", and to this task to Shanghai. Zhonghua Book Company, have migrated to Beijing at that time, so the spring of 1958 in Shanghai to _set_ up separate institutions independent editing and publishing - edited by Zhonghua Ci Hai (1978 renamed the Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House.) Editorial Committee 1959 Xiacheng Li Ci Hai, has the Shu Xin, Chen Wangdao the editor in chief. April 1965 published by the Zhonghua Book Company Cihai editor of the "Ci Hai (finalized). "Cultural Revolution" after the end of December 1978, the CPC Shanghai Municipal Committee decided to restore and enrich the Ci Hai Editorial Board, appointed by the Xia Zhengnong editor. Amended, in the thirtieth anniversary of the founding, the fortieth anniversary, respectively, by the Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House published a "Dictionary" 1979 edition and 1989 edition. These two version of "Ci Hai" have three volumes, Small prints of this, the supplement and the volumes published by subject. Among them, the three volumes of the total issued and Small prints of the five hundred million. In 1992, Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House cooperation with Prentice Hall, published in Taiwan, "Ci Hai" (1989 edition). In 1993, the "Ci Hai" was the first National Book Award the highest award - Honorary Award. To congratulate the "Ci Hai" (1989 edition) came, Comrade Jiang Zemin wrote an inscription: "carry forward the letter, carefully worded, rigorous style of 'Ci Hai' spirit, to improve the quality of Chinese culture and work." "Ci Hai" (1999 edition) both in content and form a new look in front of the reader. Length version of this edition a slight increase over 1989, a large number of amendments to entries, mainly reflecting changes in domestic and international situation and culture, science and technology, to make up for gaps, correct errors, streamline the lexical entries and release a small amount of text. Color pictures of the new release, configuration, sixteen thousand thousand pictures, layout is also innovative, in four volumes, plus appendices, index roll. At the same time, continue to publish the popular edition (three volumes), and on this basis, the publication of Small prints, the other published volumes and CD-ROM. Since 1957, "Ci Hai" has been the revision of three generations of the Chinese Communist Party leaders care and support, received national academic sincere cooperation. All the compilers of the spirit of seeking truth from facts, serious and responsible, the better. After continuous revision of the "Dictionary", the construction of two civilizations in our country to play its due role and will continue to make its own contribution. The world today is undergoing tremendous and profound changes, the knowledge to do much faster pace of innovation, "Ci Hai" involves a very wide range of subjects and content, despite repeated amendments, is still inadequate or wrong with the inevitable, eager readers criticized the correction.
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Previous versions
"Ci Hai" two-volume edition in 1936 (Class A, B, C types, D types) published in September 1937 "Ci Hai" two-volume edition 1936 (E species) published in June 1938 "Ci Hai" bound volume 1936 edition published in May 1947 "Ci Hai" try writing for (for the compilation of reference) in March 1960 and India "Ci Hai" second draft proofs of this (for the compilation of reference) in November 1960 India "Ci Hai" Trial of the (16 volumes, while the total word head table 1, the internal issue, for comments) in October 1961 issue "Ci Hai" submitted for review of the 1 October 1963 India "Ci Hai" Test portion of this (modified for internal use, 60) published in April 1963 "Ci Hai" finalized two volumes (internal issue, continue to seek for opinions) published in April 1965 "Ci Hai" volumes (as amended, the new edition, 28 volumes) in December 1975 ~ February 1983 published "Ci Hai" three-volume 1979 edition published in September 1979 "Dictionary", 1979 Small prints published in the August 1980 "Ci Hai" add the words (and the "Dictionary" words matching the revised volumes) published in December 1982 "Ci Hai" added to the Wikipedia (with the "Ci Hai" Encyclopedia Volume revised package) published in December 1982 "Ci Hai" the four corners of the index number of search words (search for "Dictionary" 1979 edition available) published in August 1982 "Ci Hai" added to this (by the "Ci Hai addition of the word" and "Ci Hai Wikipedia add the" merge publication, and "Ci Hai" three-volume 1979 edition, Small prints the matching) published in December 1983 "Ci Hai" Wikipedia Entries in Category Index published in October 1986 "Ci Hai" new second edition of volumes (26 volumes) in August 1986 ~ October 1989 published "Ci Hai" three-volume 1989 edition published in 1989 "Dictionary" 1989 edition Small prints published in the January 1991 "Ci Hai" simplified version of 1989 edition, three volumes (published in cooperation with the Zhonghua Book Company, Hong Kong Limited in Hong Kong release) Published September 1989 "Ci Hai" simplified version of 1989 edition, Small prints of this (and the Zhonghua Book Company (Hong Kong) Ltd publication, issued in Hong Kong) published in September 1989 "Ci Hai" Traditional version of 1989 edition, three volumes (published in cooperation with Taiwan, Prentice Hall, the Taiwan issue) published in July 1993 "Ci Hai" Traditional version of 1989 edition, Part 10 volumes (published in cooperation with Taiwan, Prentice Hall, the Taiwan issue) published in July 1993 "Dictionary" added to the 1989 edition published in December 1995 "Dictionary" 1999 edition color pictures of the (radical, five volumes) published in September 1999 "Ci Hai" Wallpapers collection of the 1999 edition (radicals, nine volumes) published in September 1999 "Dictionary" 1999 edition of popular edition (radicals, three volumes) published in September 1999 "Dictionary" 1999 edition of Small prints of the (radical, a roll of the present) published in January 2000 "Ci Hai" Small prints of the 1999 edition of color pictures (sequencer, five volumes) published in August 2001 "Dictionary" 1999 edition of popular edition (sequencer, three volumes) published in August 2002 "Dictionary" of the 1999 edition of Small prints (sequencer, a roll of the present) published in January 2002
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"Ci Hai" sixth edition (2009)
《辞海》第六版（2009年版）
The sixth edition of "Dictionary" on September 21, 2009 release from the reader-oriented. The revised "Ci Hai (Sixth Edition)" total number of nearly 130,000 entries, compared with the fifth edition in 1999 increased by 8% and the total word count of about 22 million words, an increase of about 10% compared with the fifth edition. Add an entry of more than 12300 articles, term change by more than 1 / 3; deleting entries about 7000. Among them, the income of "Three Represents" important thought, the scientific development concept and the related series of items, so that the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, entry series; for the first time in modern Chinese income, break old version of "Ci Hai" only charge the ancient Chinese practice, income Article five thousand, twenty thousand meanings of modern Chinese. Meanwhile, the income of the "Internet", "URL", "worms", "BBS", "Flash", "blog", "download", "flash", "Virtual LAN", "E" and other relevant Networks words, to make it more life, and the era. The "Wenchuan Earthquake", "Beijing Olympics" and other entries is the first _select_ed. Amendments, new entry and a large percentage of science and technology from the entries. For example, the "Shenzhou" spacecraft, reflected from November 1999 to September 2008, the "Shenzhou" 1 to 7, the launch process; such as "Compass Navigation Satellite System" is the first generation of self-build regional active three-dimensional satellite navigation and positioning and communication systems. In geographical terms, such as Chongqing municipality to the South Korean capital, "Seoul" to "Seoul", in literature, to increase the founding of New China's literary works, including "White Deer", "Red Rock", "was silent at "and so on, to fill the old version of contemporary Chinese literature regret missing. In addition, the "Ci Hai (Sixth Edition)" added some well-known figure at home and abroad, such as Ronald Reagan, Boris Yeltsin, Yasser Arafat, Xi, Bo Yibo, Hua, Zhang, Kai-shek, Ba Jin, Bing Xin, Fei Xiao Tong, Su Buqing, Tan Zhen, Xie Jin and so on. Ji-known scholars in China, Ren died in July 2009, for "Ci Hai" color pictures of this has been making, not income. To compensate for this regret, "Ci Hai" editorial decision, to be in the sixth edition of the popular edition, Small prints of this to be the income and luxury. As the "" Ci Hai "is an authoritative, scientific books." It contains the word principle was that states: "Those who are developing or frequent changes of terms, temporarily revenue. Received the word subject to the precipitation of a certain time, really big waves gold", "" Ci Hai "Unlike Wikipedia Wikipedia, anyone has the right to comment, invented words, "Ci Hai" modernity is not reflected in the record to see the new words, more important is included in the entries made by the accurate interpretation of the science. "Therefore, this version of "Ci Hai" not included "Super Girl" "囧" "PK" and some very famous words on the network. As the 60th anniversary of founding of New China to the gift of great cultural project, "Ci Hai (Sixth Edition)" by Xiazheng Nong, Chen has presided over edited compilation of work by the Shanghai Century Publishing Group of Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House. "Ci Hai (Sixth Edition)" will continue to introduce four-volume popular edition, volume, and the Small prints of the multi-volume luxury the same time, first introduced in the Ci Hai with hand-held wireless Internet access and online readers.
