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jiě fàng hēi nú xuān yán
　　 jiě fàng hēi nú xuān yán shì hé zhòng guó zǒng tǒng yú 1862 nián 9 yuè 22 rì bān bù de。 1863 nián 1 yuè 1 rì yòu zhèng shì mìng lìng jiě fàng nú lì。 hēi rén méi yòu dé dào zhèng zhì quán lì， yě méi yòu dé dào tǔ dì。 dàn “ xuān yán ” zhōng biǎo míng lín kěn zhèng fǔ yǐ cóng xiàn zhì nú lì zhì zhuǎn biàn wéi wán quán fèi chú nú lì zhì， bǎ zhàn zhēng fàng dào xīn de jī chǔ shàng。
　　1862 nián 9 yuè 22 rì， hé zhòng guó zǒng tǒng céng fā chū yī dào xuān yán， qí nèi róng rú xià：
　　“ 1863 nián yuán yuè 1 rì qǐ， fán zài dāng dì rén mín shàng zài fǎn kàng hé zhòng guó de rèn hé yī zhōu zhī nèi， huò yī zhōu de zhǐ míng dì qū zhī nèi， wéi rén zhàn yòu 'ér zuò nú lì de rén mendōu yìng zài nà shí jí yǐ hòu yǒng yuǎn huò dé zì yóu； gōng zhòng guó zhèng fǔ xíng zhèng bù mén， bāo kuò hǎi lù jūn dāng jú， jiāng chéng rèn bìng bǎo zhàng zhè xiē rén de zì yóu， dāng tā men huò tā men zhī zhōng de rèn hé rén wéi zì jǐ de zì yóu 'ér zuò rèn hé nǔ lì shí， bù zuò rèn hé yā zhì tā men de xíng wéi。
　　 zhèng fǔ de xíng zhèng bù mén jiāng yú shàng shù de yuán yuè 1 rì， yǐ gōng gào xuān bù nà xiē zhōu huò nà xiē zhōu de nà xiē dì qū de rén mín dāng shí shàng zài fǎn kàng hé zhòng guó， rú guǒ yòu de huà； zài nà yī tiān rèn hé yī zhōu huò qí rén mín yǐ dà duō shù hé fǎ xuǎn jǔ rén cān jiā xuǎn jǔ chū lái de dài biǎo cān jiā hé zhòng guó guó huì， tóng shí méi yòu qiáng yòu lì de fǎn zhèng shí， zhè zhǒng shì shí jiù shì gāi zhōu jí qí rén mín méi yòu fǎn kàng hé zhòng guó díquè shí zhèng jù”。
　　 suǒ yǐ xiàn zài wǒ， hé zhòng guó zǒng tǒng 'ā bó lā hǎn · lín kěn， yǐ zài fǎn kàng hé zhòng guó zhèng fǔ dāng jú de wǔ zhuāng pàn biàn shí qī bèi shòu quán wéi hé zhòng guó hǎi lù jūn zǒng sī lìng de zhí quán， zuò wéi yī gè shìdàng de、 bì xū de zhàn lüè cuò shī yǐ biàn zhèn yā shàng shù pàn biàn， tè yú 1863 nián yuán yuè 1 rì， cóng shàng miàn dì yī cì suǒ shuō zhī rì qǐ zhì jīn zú zú yī bǎi tiān de qī jiān， gēn jù zhè yàng de mùdì gōng kāi xuān bù xiàn zài fǎn duì hé zhòng guó zhě yòu rú xià zhū zhōu jí mǒu xiē zhōu de xià liè dì qū jí qí rén mín：
　　 ā kěn sè、 dé kè sà sī、 lù yì xī 'ān nà（ chú qù shèng bó 'ěr ná、 pǔ lā kuí míng、 zhé fěi sūn、 shèng yuē hàn、 shèng chá lǐ、 shèng zhān mǔ shì、 yà sēn xiāng、 yà sēn pǔ xīn、 dé lǐ bǎo 'ēn、 lā fá shí、 shèng mǎ lì、 shèng mǎ dīng yǐ jí 'ào 'ěr liáng děng jùn， bāo kuò xīn 'ào 'ěr liáng chéng zài nèi）、 mì xī xī bǐ、 yà lā bā mǎ、 fó luó lǐ dá、 qiáo zhì yà、 nán kǎ luó lái nà、 běi kǎ luó lái nà hé fú jí ní yà（ chú qù xī fú jí ní yà sì shí bā gè jùn yǐ jí bǎi kè lì、 ā kāng mǎ kè、 nuò shān pǔ dùn、 yǐ lì sà bó、 yuē kè、 ān gōng zhù、 nuò fú kè děng jùn bāo kuò nuò fú kè hé pǔ cí máo sī liǎng chéng zài nèi）， zhè xiē chú kāi de dì qū xiàn zài réng zàn shí wéi chí běn gōng gào fā chū zhī qián de yuán yòu zhuàng kuàng。
　　 wéi zhe shàng shù de mùdì， wǒ lì yòng wǒ de zhí quán， zhèng shì mìng lìng bìng xuān gào zài shàng shù zhū zhōu yǐ jí mǒu xiē zhōu de shàng shù dì qū yǐ nèi suǒ yòu zuò wéi nú lù de rén xiàn zài hé jīn hòu yǒng yuǎn huò dé zì yóu； hé zhòng guó zhèng fǔ， bāo kuò hǎi lù jūn dāng jú zài nèi， jiāng chéng rèn bìng bǎo chí shàng shù rén men de zì yóu。
　　 wǒ xiàn zài mìng lìng zhè xiē bèi xuān bù zì yóu de rén men， chú fēi shì bì xū de zì wèi， bù dé yòu wéi fǎ xíng wéi； wǒ quàn gào tā men， zài rèn hé kě néng de qíng kuàng xià， tā men yīngdāng zhōng shí dì wéi hé lǐ de gōng zī 'ér láo dòng。
　　 wǒ jìn yī bù xuān gào zài shìdàng tiáo jiàn xià， zhè xiē rén men kě cān jiā hé zhòng guó de jūn shì gōng zuò， zhù shǒu pào tái、 chén dì、 wèi shù qū yù yǐ jí qí tā dì qū， yǐ jí zài gè zhǒng jūn jiàn shàng fú yì。
　　 wǒ zhēn chéng dì xiāng xìn zhè gè jǔ dòng shì yī gè zhèng yì de jǔ dòng， hé yú xiàn fǎ de guī dìng， gēn jù jūn shì de xū yào。 wǒ qí qiú rén lèi de shèn zhòng pàn duàn hé wàn néng shàng dì de 'ēn diǎn。
　　 zuò wéi zhèng míng， wǒ shǔ míng yú cǐ bìng jiā gài hé zhòng guó guó xǐ。
　　 yú huá shèng dùn， 1863 nián yuán yuè 1 rì
　　 hé zhòng guó dú lì dì 87 zhōu nián。
　　 ā bó lā hǎn · lín kěn
　　 wēi lián · xī huá dé（ guó wù qīng）
jiě fàng hēi nú xuān yán yīng wén yuán bǎn
　　THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION:
　　By the President of the United States of America:
　　A PROCLAMATION
　　Whereas on the 22nd day of September, A.D. 1862, a proclamation was issued by the President of the United States, containing, among other things, the following, to wit:
　　"That on the 1st day of January, A.D. 1863, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom.
　　"That the executive will on the 1st day of January aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the States and parts of States, if any, in which the people thereof, respectively, shall then be in rebellion against the United States; and the fact that any State or the people thereof shall on that day be in good faith represented in the Congress of the United States by members chosen thereto at elections wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such States shall have participated shall, in the absence of strong countervailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that such State and the people thereof are not then in rebellion against the United States."
　　Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-In-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for supressing said rebellion, do, on this 1st day of January, A.D. 1863, and in accordance with my purpose so to do, publicly proclaimed for the full period of one hundred days from the first day above mentioned, order and designate as the States and parts of States wherein the people thereof, respectively, are this day in rebellion against the United States the following, to wit:
　　Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (except the parishes of St. Bernard, Palquemines, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption, Terrebone, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans, including the city of New Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia (except the forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia, and also the counties of Berkeley, Accomac, Morthhampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Anne, and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth), and which excepted parts are for the present left precisely as if this proclamation were not issued.
　　And by virtue of the power and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States and parts of States are, and henceforward shall be, free; and that the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons.
　　And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self-defence; and I recommend to them that, in all case when allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable wages.
　　And I further declare and make known that such persons of suitable condition will be received into the armed service of the United States to garrison forts, positions, stations, and other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service.
　　And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind and the gracious favor of Almighty God.
　　-------------------------------------
　　On Jan. 1, 1863, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln declared free all slaves residing in territory in rebellion against the federal government. This Emancipation Proclamation actually freed few people. It did not apply to slaves in border states fighting on the Union side; nor did it affect slaves in southern areas already under Union control. Naturally, the states in rebellion did not act on Lincoln's order. But the proclamation did show Americans--and the world--that the civil war was now being fought to end slavery.
　　Lincoln had been reluctant to come to this position. A believer in white supremacy, he initially viewed the war only in terms of preserving the Union. As pressure for abolition mounted in Congress and the country, however, Lincoln became more sympathetic to the idea. On Sept. 22, 1862, he issued a preliminary proclamation announcing that emancipation would become effective on Jan. 1, 1863, in those states still in rebellion. Although the Emancipation Proclamation did not end slavery in America--this was achieved by the passage of the 13TH Amendment to the Constitution on Dec. 18, 1865--it did make that accomplishment a basic war goal and a virtual certainty.
　　DOUGLAS T. MILLER
　　Bibliography: Commager, Henry Steele, The Great Proclamation
　　(1960); Donovan, Frank, Mr. Lincoln's Proclamation (1964);
　　Franklin, John Hope, ed., The Emancipation Proclamation (1964).