Full sun 4oc less need protection, hi-drained soil. Flowering period (April to August) A class of perennials, spent close at noon, can be used in mixed flower beds. Configuration: Open blue flowers with plants such as glass ju match. Cultivation and Propagation: Seed propagation. [English name] herba cichorii [Source] The strains of Uighur conventional medicine. Compositae hair chicory cichorium glandulosum boiss.et hout and chicory cichorium intybus l. Aboveground. Fall tapping to remove impurities, and dried. [Method] to remove impurities, and cut into sections. [Character] Hair chicory: all are bristles. Stems cylindrical, slightly curved, gray-green or purplish surface, with vertical edges; sections of yellow-white, hollow. More broken leaves, gray-green, the middle of the stem intact leaves were lyrate. Capitulum 5 to 13 arranged in a shorter total. Involucre cylindrical, diameter 5 ~ 6mm; bracts two layers, the outer shorter or nearly as long, with glandular hairs; ray florets blue. Achenes obovate, angled, top _truncate_, are scaly crested, long 1 ~ 2mm, brown or tan. Gas micro, taste salty, bitter. Chicory: stem nearly smooth. Stem Yeshao or degradation, oblong-lanceolate. Capitulum few clusters; bracts 2 layer, the outer short in length, glabrous. [Sexual flavor to the bitter, salty, cool. [Indications] Liver gallbladder, stomach and digestion, diuretic swelling. For heat jaundice, stomach eat less, edema oliguria. Dosage 9 ~ 18g. [Storage] Store in cool, dry place. [Excerpt] "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" Chicory (A) Overview Chicory is known as the European or French endive, Belgian endive, bud dish in Japan called "bitter cabbage." Chicory is chicory genus Asteraceae perennial herb with leaves, leaf balls, buds of vegetables, is a variant of breeding domesticated from wild chicory, the origin of the Mediterranean, Asia, Central and Northern. Chicory contains some vegetables in general no ingredients such as horse chestnut mesothelin, horse chestnut leather glycosides, saponins wild lettuce, mountains and mountain plain lettuce and other lactucin bitter substances, Liver gallbladder effect. Many countries of the world are valued gourmet chicory, take it as vegetables in the top grade. Its leaves can be fried, soup or salad; softening after cultivation of chicory shoots the ball used to be eaten raw, or made into delicious appetizer salad; Europe and the United States there are people fleshy root of the chicory coffee substitutes processed into or additives. Higher economic value of chicory. At present, China is still an emerging chicory special dish, the more difficult in our Southern culture, while China's central, north and other places more suitable climatic conditions for the cultivation of chicory, can get high-quality products, highly welcomed by consumers , the market potential is great. (B) the main varieties of types and traits Currently in the Beijing area cultivated good performance adaptability cabbage leaf type there are two main types of chicory, one for forcing culture of "softening chicory" and the other is a naturally formed ball cabbage leaf chicory. 1 used to soften varieties (contributed) cultivation Cultivated varieties used for softening, swollen taproot of fleshy taproot growth cone, all roots are grown in soil, skin white, smooth, generally taproot two columns on both sides of the fibrous raw easily generate the root bifurcation injured manifold roots. Aboveground leaf clusters on the stem shortening, was oblanceolate, apex acuminate, margin dentate deep notch called "mosaic", said the entire "board leaves." Long milky chicory bud varieties, green to dark green leaves shoot, some species at base of dorsal vein with a purple halo spots, leaves are sparse hair. Long red chicory varieties buds, shoots live maroon purple leaves. Foliage degree rarely carried obliquely upright growth, or flat growth, do not form leaves the ball, using only its fleshy taproot be contributed to the cultivation, harvesting and shoots the ball. Bud ball cream, red purple and mauve side shoots balls and other varieties. (1) cream varieties Collard from the Netherlands to introduce hybrids varieties. Softening shoots the ball very neat, compact, single bud ball weighs 150 grams, spindle. The shorter period of dormancy varieties available and precocious hydroponic softening, excellent quality. Mece Ritz varieties imported from the Netherlands. Softened chicory shoots the ball very neat, compact, used as a late-maturing and late-maturing hydroponic softened. Before planting to soften subject to cold storage treatment. Ralph Terry Holland introduced species. Taproot meat refrigerated before planting to soften the line. Blasts compact, high yield, high quality, without soil cover, but not suitable for hydroponic softened. 艾切利尼莎 varieties imported from England. Plant growth strong, easy to grow, should live. Softening shoots the ball neatly, hypertrophy, single bud weighing about 100 to 150 grams cream. Brazil shiragiku lettuce introduced from Brazil. Strains root dormancy obvious, softened shoots the ball over the white. Worm (ie zoom) is commonly used varieties of current national soften shoots the ball milk white, approximately oval, tight, crisp quality, good taste, a single bud ball weighing 150 to 300 grams. No dormant plants roots, digging roots can be softened after cultivation, hydroponics, soil culture, can not cover. Shirakawa Japanese varieties. No strains of root dormancy, without going through the cold treatment, can be directly after planting to soften digging roots. (2) the red varieties blasts German Red chicory imported from Germany. Fleshy taproot smaller, weaker growth vigor, leaf green with deep purple. After forcing culture buds ball less, nearly oval, reddish purple mesophyll, the main vein and sheath milk-white, crisp, cream varieties compared with its bitter lighter, thicker clear sweet, good taste, a single bud ball weight 30 to 80 g, increased villus see the light after the blasts. French red chicory imported from France and Italy. Smaller blasts, mesophyll thick edge microfold mesophyll milk purple leaf margins, veins and vein at nearly white, sweet taste, crisp, high-quality. 2 cabbage chicory Such chicory and lettuce are similar, shorter root, root system developed foliage to root out the leaves, and more leaves after inward volume growth, and gradually form a ball leaves, growing season is short, easy cultivation, divided red leaf and green leaf ball ball into two categories: (1) leaves the ball leaves the ball bright red varieties of its sheath, and the main portion of the milk white veins. When planting this type can not be too deep, and often irrigated and require DIF at 10 ℃ in order to guarantee access to bright colors, leaves the ball firming products. Currently used varieties are: "Medusa" f1 hybrids imported from the Netherlands early maturing varieties, heat, high, green outer leaves, leaf red ball, tight. From planting to harvest 60 to 70 days. Suitable for close planting, planting spacing of 30 cm × 35 centimeters. Oswald Avery hybrids imported from the Netherlands varieties, plants larger, outer leaves green leaf more, leaves the ball big, round, red. Poor heat resistance, suitable for autumn planting. Planting spacing of 40 cm × 40 centimeters. Western music pulled from the Netherlands introduced species, precocious type. Outside Yeshao, green. Red ball leaves smaller and compact. The breed resistance to heat, bolting late for open field and protected cultivation, you can also use a plastic container or flower pot planting. Open field cultivation can close planting, planting spacing of 30 cm × 30 centimeters. Jiyouliao leaves the ball from the Netherlands introduced species. Heat resistance is strong, late bolting and high yield. Available in the summer cultivation. Planting spacing of 30 × 30 centimeters. Gusteau varieties imported from the Netherlands. Than the heat, late bolting. Plants medium-sized, spherical ball leaves, red, precocious. From planting to harvest about 65 days. Planting spacing of 30 cm × 30 centimeters. Cesar Lal varieties imported from the Netherlands. Late-maturing type, cold and strong. Plants larger, more erect, green outer leaves, leaf ball is spherical, red. Planting spacing of 30 cm × 30 centimeters. 75 days from planting to harvest. French red chicory imported from France red chicory leaves the ball. Than the heat, late bolting, plant medium, large outer leaves, green, purple sheath, generous. Leaves the ball flat round, purple. From planting to harvest about 70 days. Germany chicory leaves imported from West Germany. Late-maturing type, cold and strong. Larger plants, green outer leaves, leaf cultivation in the summer than the ball loose, purple, white sheath milk. Can soften cultivation, softened dishes the ball to purple, white sheath, smaller. (2) green leaf varieties ball Le tissue culture imported from the Netherlands hybrids varieties. Than the heat, the precocious. Ye ball cylindrical, light green, outside Yeshao, height of about 30 to 35 cm. Planting spacing of 30 cm × 30 centimeters. Piluo Tuo from the Netherlands to introduce hybrids varieties of late. Ye ball cylindrical, dark green, outside Yeshao, height 35 to 40 cm, planting spacing of 30 cm × 35 centimeters. From planting to harvest 70 to 80 days. Scarborough Pia early varieties imported from the Netherlands. Can be used to soften cultivation. Ye ball cylindrical, light green, outside Ye, height 30 to 35 cm. To summer planting. Planting spacing of 30 cm × 30 centimeters. From planting to harvest about 60 days. Pangqiao. Imported from the Netherlands in the late-maturing varieties. Plant more upright. Height 35 to 40 cm. Planting spacing of 30 cm × 40 centimeters. From planting to harvest about 70 days.柯士里塔斯. Japanese varieties. More upright plant, plant height of 35 to 40 cm. Leaves the ball spindle, yellow-green. From planting to harvest takes about 70 days, should not be softened cultivation. (C) for the cultivation of environmental conditions 1. Temperature Chicory is a semi-cold vegetables, shoot the short-term ability of -2 - 1 ℃ low temperature, while the taproot has a strong resistance to the cold, a little coverage in Beijing in winter buried fleshy roots with soil, as long as no frost direct contact with the root bark, which can live through the winter. Plant Growth temperature 17 ~ 20 ℃ is the optimum exceeds 20 ℃, assimilation miopragia over 30 ℃ or more, the accumulated respiratory Assimilation almost consumed. However, there are plants in the seedling stage of strong heat capacity, optimum growth temperature is 20 ~ 25 ℃, at this stage, such as when the temperature above 0 ℃, there will be an early bolting phenomenon. Contributed to soften chicory cultivation period, optimum temperature 15 ~ 20 ℃, 18 ℃ to best. Temperature shoots the ball fast growth, the formation of buds ball loose, not tight, the temperature is too low, the delay in the formation of shoots the ball, shoot the ball, but does not affect the quality. 2 water Chicory throughout the growth and development require moist environment. After sowing, such as lack of soil moisture, germination is delayed emergence time. But in the seedling stage, in order to promote root growth, the need to properly control moisture, do see the field see wet dry hair plants trees, the taproot began to expand, should ensure the supply of water. 3 Light Vegetative growing need plenty of light, fleshy roots to grow substantial. Contributed (softened) requires dark conditions cultivation. 4 soil Should choose loose fertile sandy loam planting. Chicory resilience of soil acidity is strong, but too acid soil detrimental to their growth. (Iv) the softening chicory cultivation techniques Due to the growth characteristics similar to cabbage cabbage chicory chicory, its cultivation techniques may refer cabbage chicory. In this describes only soften chicory cultivation techniques. . Nurture softening cultivation of a fleshy root Softened with fleshy roots because many requirements, should be in the field cultivation, generally an acre field planted into a fleshy root, butter yellow (white) color varieties available from 50 to 60 square meters soften bed cultivation, varieties of red buds ball 23 to 25 meters. (1) Land _Select_ion _Select_ the soil deep, fertile soil porosity, soil particle crushing, sandy loam with good ventilation, drainage and irrigation and planting lots to be convenient. (2) prior to site preparation, Fertilizers, ridging sowing as soon as possible Tengcha, remove weeds Qiancha stubble, 1.5 to 2.5 kg per acre sprayed insecticide carbaryl, then 2 times tillage with rotary tiller, depth about 15 cm, combined with arable land per acre applied quality shop decomposed manure 3000 ~ 5000 kg superphosphate and mixed with 30 kg, 50 kg or long-acting fertilizer, spread evenly applied and rotary mixed evenly, leveling plots. For the north and south to small Takakuro, Qikuan including about 100 cm ditch west furrow openers make a Turtle Qimian and ditch about 15 centimeters shaped furrow ridge. (3) direct seeding or transplanting seedlings Daejeon direct seeding. Chicory suitable live, fleshy roots live straight and get smooth, soften the cultivation area of small, multi-plant can increase yields. Mainly in autumn, sowing is slightly different because of the different varieties, the Beijing area with modern popular varieties, such as "zoom" (Worm variety series), "White River", red chicory, etc., optimum sowing date was June to late July; such as premature sowing, due to high temperatures, long sunshine, high rate of occurrence of bolting, late sowing the plants fleshy roots are weak, small and thin, affecting the yield and quality of buds ball. Sowing, seedling avoid the high temperature period, bolting rate declined significantly, and the growth of the plants have sufficient time to grow into a strong taproot. . a seeding rate: 200 to 250 grams. b sowing methods: small Takakuro on the west side, according to 30 cm spacing open shallow, Goushen 3 cm, sparse drilling or demand, after sowing casing, about 1 cm thick, not too thick. If sowing encounter heavy rain, after the rain should be planted as late season, to be broadcast on a rainy day or before rain robbed, to use on-demand or Dibble, mulch after planting to wear until after emergence gash film. See Been dense seedlings. 3 to 4 true leaves Dingmiao, Dingmiao spacing of 15 cm. Mulching cultivation method can reduce weed growth is conducive to the growth of water and fertilizer Paul fleshy roots. Seedling transplanting. If you encounter groaning sowing rain, dew to live often due to seed or seedlings just unearthed Jibei rain washed fight, causing sprout deficiency;, or in the event of cultivation can not be vacated, it should be taken seedling transplanting. General breeding methods, due to injury when the lifter root cause long after the flesh into a taproot becomes manifold roots, or curved roots, fibrous roots increased when compared to soften cultivated land and more influence yields, so best to use a small nursery Nutrition earth or plug seedlings. The most simple and effective method is the choice of 288 holes nursery seedling nursery tray, pull seedlings when transplanting seedlings should not hurt the roots, or old newspaper paper paper roll loading nutritive soil, transplant seedlings when lingers lump, not to hurt the roots, the survival rate is high. a plug seedlings matrix: It can make the best use of garden soil matrix to do, when conditions available 2 parts peat, 1 part vermiculite or peat, vermiculite waste material each mushroom mix 1 part. If the seedling tray with 288 holes, planted a seedling acres of land required chicory plate 9 000 for every 1 000 required matrix 2.8 m3 (ie sterile seedling acre of land, the need to prepare a matrix 25.2 cubic meters). In the preparation of the substrate, the substrate was added fertilizer per cubic meter of 0.7 kg, or 0.5 kg of urea and 0.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and fill in the matrix mix Plug spare. b seeding rate: plug seedlings using precision sowing, chicory seed germination rate can reach 95% or more generally, seed weight is about 1.5 grams, the amount of mu species seedling transplanting 18 to 20 grams is sufficient, than live greatly save seed quantity. c seed treatment: To ensure that all seedlings, planting should be determined before the re-sowing seed germination. Chicory seed imports are generally treated with a fungicide that can dry sowing (red color or green color of the seed is treated with a pesticide, wash hands with soap after contact). Case since the adoption of domestic breeding seeds or seeds, available cold water soaking, remove superficial kind, full of the child after the sinking of the water, you can go over the water to dry after planting. d sowing methods: seeds per hole to put a depth of no more than 1 cm, covered with a thin layer above after sowing vermiculite, can not reveal the seeds after watering. To spray after planting permeable to water dripping from the bottom outlet plug out for the degree, plug each cell should be clearly visible after pouring water spray. The temperature at around 20 ℃, 3 ~ 4 days out Qimiao, check seedlings filled. e seedling management: Beijing breeding period when the hot and rainy season, water-resistant seedlings to be anti-high temperature. As in the greenhouse nursery every day water, high temperature period to early and late spray once. Clover seedlings when bent, can be combined with water for 1 to 2 times Yemianpenfei available plus 0.2% urea, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution spraying. About 20 days or so, when the 3-4 true leaves, the seedlings can be transplanted field. f colonization: transplant seedlings seedling tray that morning spray flooding should carefully lifter with matrix grafts. The spacing and planting the same distance when live Dingmiao, spaced 30 cm, 15 cm spacing, with a small shovel to dig holes to lump seedlings planted. Seedlings with furrow soil lump flat, flat, do not lump hand pressure seedlings, the root of water is poured lump seedlings and soil close. (4) field management ① live after irrigation field emergence to early growth of the seedlings view, uniform seedlings fill the gaps. If you encounter arid days after emergence, should be conducted before and after Qimiao Dingmiao continuous watering times, furrow, pour to Qimian that without water, do not swamp seedlings, every few days to see Qimian dry before filling. Dingmiao not too much watering, keep the soil dry see see wet soil dry shallow tillage, so roots grow downward group. Transplant seedlings management is the same. To September, chicory growing season, fleshy root rapid expansion, increase watering frequency irrigation. To early October, fleshy root has been formed, to control watering. If there is no rain, early pour water 1 to 2 times to the late no watering. ② dressing for about 20 days after the broadcast field emergence, post-transplant seedlings Huanmiao see Seedling nitrogen fertilizer 1-2 times, parallel Row crop cultivators weeding. Topdressing fertilizer plant closure before 1 ridge, fertilizer per acre with 20 to 30 kg. After the fleshy root formation (usually about 90 days after sowing) during excavation, Yemianpenfei, spraying with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 or 2 times, prompting nutrients from the leaf to the root of the operation, so fleshy roots The dry matter content increases, moisture reduction, in order to facilitate storage and soften the next stage of cultivation. (5) Pest Control Chicory worms rarely harm, but in successive years rainfed, grubs and other soil pests such as more land should be extinguished when tilling the land. Harvest (6) fleshy roots Beijing area in late October to early November. Chicory plants have grown from 100 to 120 days, they form substantial fleshy roots can be harvested. Harvested fleshy roots work must be completed before the frost. Harvest shovels dug up the entire fleshy root, do not dig the root injury, do not have to quit to stay in the soil. Wedges chicory even the whole plant seedling with roots in the plot neatly stacked into place. Digging work should receive no rain in the conduct, dry 2 to 3 days when the weather is fine, and then trimmed to remove Huanglao leaves, leaf base to stay 3 to 5 cm of the petiole, cut out the rest, be careful not to hurt the roots when cut crown growing point. Root plants start bolting to pick out, shoving the size of the root when renovations were piling up, and then transported to the freezing point, such as cabbage or turnip pit pit storage backup. Storage and transportation renovation work should be completed before the cold, not so fleshy roots by frost damage, otherwise when contributed (softened) cultivated parts of decay due to frostbite caused by failure. (7) the storeroom or cellar management Storage reason fleshy roots. Chicory varieties in some varieties, such as "zoom" (Worm Series) no apparent dormancy, you can use it to soften the direct cultivation after harvest. In order to extend chicory production and supply of buds, you need storage, inhibit its germination, batches soften cultivation. Most of the other species, must be subjected to a low temperature by the number of days of dormancy, germination long balls also require storage at an appropriate temperature, so that the storage period, neither allow the growth of buds, but also to ensure that they are not subjected to low temperature injury. Managing storage during storage, meat ranunculus best to use 0.1 mm vinyl film packaging, such as silicon rubber modified atmosphere bags like better effect. Storage temperature or vegetable cellar temperature controlled between 0 ~ 2 ℃, relative humidity greater than 95%. At 0 ℃ cavities, fleshy roots can cling up to six months, at 2 ℃ at about four months. 2 Softening cultivation (or hoard planted, hereinafter referred to hoard planted) (1) store locations planted Can be located in Yang Qi, greenhouse, cellar, greenhouse or even exposed to dig the bed can also be used high plastic barrels, wooden boxes and other containers of idle placed under house basically two types of soil and hydroponics hydroponics. (2) soil culture method Hoard planting bed preparation. _Select_ the temperature can be stably maintained greenhouses of 8 ~ 20 ℃, greenhouse or idle houses, with large clean sandy or coarse sand Land for growing media, paved 30 cm thick hoard planting beds, leveling upon used, as can be on the ground in Yangqi pocket directly, width from 100 to 150 cm, in order to be able to reach out and stood in the slot side slot center is appropriate. Depth of 20 to 30 cm in length depending on the venue may be. Require temperature control and conditional hotline can be covered in the bottom, and then the casing 3 cm spare. Chicory taproot treatment. The fleshy root chicory different lengths divided into large, medium and small three, breaking off the rotten leaves, roots can be longer than 20 cm to the end of the cut. Hoard planted methods. The roots were planted in different sizes hoard planting beds, the same level of fleshy root one by one to code better. Coarser than 6 cm above the root can immediately stacking, root diameter less than 6 cm should be 2 to 3 cm apart, after a trough full code, sprinkle sand or soil to fill the gap, pouring enough water until the water penetration after another 10 to 15 cm thick casing, leaving about 20 cm above the tank space, let stand, covered with a black film or other shade shading. If the temperature is controlled at 18 ~ 20 ℃, 20 days Jiemo check, and saw a yellow-white buds take along just the tip of exposed soil or sand covered clawed sediment can be harvested shoots the ball. Closed buds per square ball about 25 kg. Used tank bed and sand can no longer hoard plant, subject to do. To extend the harvest period, North China's most economical method can also be planted outdoors store open field, (in the same way and protected) in the winter frozen ditch before pocketing the chicory root plants planted in trenches, covering fine sand or river sand about 20 centimeters, or open the sealed straws under natural winter temperatures, but require regular checks early spring, winter can not be extended to cover straws harvested in early April. (2) hydroponics The same principles and soil BASIC, can be three-dimensional production, machinery operations and higher production efficiency. Root plants using hydroponics must be washed clean, and remove a small portion of the apical fleshy roots, there is a growth promoter buds of the ball, shoot the ball firmer thick role marketability better; clean water to prevent the hydroponic process root rot occurs, preferably with running water, or frequently changes the water, the water level in the fleshy root of 1/2, 1/3 would be more appropriate to control temperature, humidity and shading, etc. to be strict, especially temperature not be higher than 20 ℃, if higher than 20 ℃, with temperature and increased the weight of shoots the ball drop, a sharp increase in open bulk rates. Cultured bed air relative humidity should be maintained at more than 95% under low humidity conditions to form buds loose ball, lightweight fiber, eating poor taste. Meanwhile, due to non-covered upper fleshy root, the faint light of weak natural light will be 1 to 2 hours of green shoots the ball occurs, more than five hours later, shoots the ball leaves the outer leaves and the top will obviously turn green, quality decline , so be quick operation to minimize indoor plant store to see the light of time. 3. Harvest (1) Harvest time Blasts harvest depends on the temperature inside the store planting beds, 18 ~ 20 ℃ during 20 days left may be harvested; If the temperature at 10 ~ 12 ℃, need 30 to 40 days before harvest. If the temperature is high, although shorter time to form shoots the ball, but shoots the ball loose, commodity quality. (2) meet the product specifications of the standard harvest green leaf varieties blasts milky yellow-white, thick and succulent shoots cohesion firm, about 12 cm at the thickest diameter of about 6 cm, weight 80 to 100 g single . Shoots a red ball type and weight are small. By (3) harvesting method buds harvested from the base of the cutting harvest ball stripped have scars, broken off, damaged outer leaves rotten, small-package, then listed. If not listed should be promptly deposited in the shading 0 ℃, relative humidity of 95% or more of the library. After the hair chicory shoots the ball harvest, but also formed around the incision fleshy root bud, just need a longer time, the number of lateral buds are also more slender, generally every 10 to 20 grams, which is also the second harvest bud Its characteristics, in the French market called "monk must" market is also very good. (E) seed Currently chicory seed cultivation is mainly purchased from abroad, the price is expensive. _Select_ seed strains cultivation is _select_ed from budding ball softening the appearance of good, in line with commodity standard root plants uprooted, focused on seed orchard planted with other varieties of endive and chicory isolation, unplug premature bolting, flowering summer plants. After planting to flowering large items. That is the central seed plants turn yellow cut, dry threshing after drying, wind net saving standby. When a small amount of seed batches harvested mature seeds. (F) Methods of food Chicory leaves can be harvested for human consumption, but softened cultivated chicory shoots the ball is mainly used for raw food. Wash the ball after a large buds stripped off the lobe, whole leaf sauce, made delicious appetizer salad. Smaller blasts could eat a whole. Can not be washed with hot boiling water cleaning (by heating after soft pale brown and bitter), can be fried, boiled. The outer layer is damaged outer leaves, wash available stir over high heat, fry instant, not long put.
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No. 2
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Chicory ("Xinjiang Herbal Handbook") Synonyms】 【Kasi Ni (dimension name). [Source] Compositae chicory grass. Chicory plant morphology [] Perennial herb, 50 to 100 cm. Stems ribbed, erect, hollow, multi-branched. Radical leaf oblanceolate, apex acute, base narrowly thin margin with sparse irregular teeth and hair, veins have shag; stem leaves few small, oblong-lanceolate, there shag. Capitulum axillary and apical; involucre 2; spend the entire tongue, blue, blue poly drug stamen, stigma 2-lobed, there are upwards of short bristles. Fruit angular. Born in fields, roadsides, meadows, valley. Distribution of central China, Northeast China and Xinjiang. [Collection] summer harvest. Chemical composition of whole plant contains bitter substances mesothelin horse chestnut, horse chestnut leather glycosides, saponins wild lettuce, lettuce hill and mountain lactucin prime. Hanshan lettuce root hormone, α-Hill Lettuce alcohol, wild lettuce glycosides. Tartaric acid leaves contain a single coffee, chicory acid. Fresh petals contain anthocyanin. Pharmacological effects of wild chicory flower infusion of animals injected, can enhance the excitement of the central nervous system and heart activity (amplitude and frequency increase slowed down); decoction have antibacterial, astringent effect. Root can increase appetite, improve digestion, high concentrations of infusion can improve gastric secretion, but does not promote muscle tension. Ethanol or ether root extract has antibacterial effect, the active ingredient may be a sesquiterpene. Root there laxative effect. Seeds nonspecific lectins. Some people report chicory containing carcinogenic hydrocarbons, its content is higher than other coffee beverages. 【Indications】 "Xinjiang herbal Handbook":. "Liver gallbladder hepatitis with jaundice three money decoction of chicory, and with the amount of fried washing the body.."
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No. 3
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Chicory chicory Asteraceae (Asteraceae) Perennial, scientific name Cichorium intybus. Used as a vegetable or salad; adding roasted ground coffee root for flavoring additive or as a coffee substitute. Native to Europe, the United States introduced the late 19th century in the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Germany, widely cultivated in North America are also cultivated. In the eastern United States and Canada, becoming weeds, a large number of breeding in pastures and roadside. Chicory has an elongated fleshy taproot; stiff stems, much branched, hairy, up to 1 to 1.5 meters (3 to 5 feet). Leaves basal, split and toothed, resembling dandelion leaves. After the root cooked food can be coated with butter, salad leaves do. Chicory also cultivated as forage or pasture. Sometimes used coffee coloring, enriched and increasing bitterness (New Orleans, people often do). In summer, its roots planted in the outdoors, collect fall, regardless of the season or in the indoor cultivation, in order to urge the winter. There is a method to generate reminders Chengdu "bearded" chicory (barbe de capucin), is a French favorite winter salad. Another way to generate close leaves the ball, called white chicory (witloef or witloof), for the Belgians and other places people love. Throughout Europe, people stored their roots to the leaves for the winter sprouted salad. In warm areas, the growing season was 5.5 to 6 months, if sown early spring, the plants will not form seed and huge storage roots. Therefore, in these areas should be sown in June, can be in the root cellar, greenhouse or outdoor planting reminder to the audience. Chicory (Cichorium intybus) flower and root of the whole male 4oC less need protection, hi-drained soil. Flowering period (April to August) A class of perennials, spent close at noon, can be used in mixed flower beds. Configuration: Open blue flowers with plants such as glass ju match. Cultivation and Propagation: Seed propagation. [English name] HERBA CICHORII [Source] The strains of Uighur conventional medicine. Compositae hair chicory Cichorium glandulosum Boiss.et Hout and chicory Cichorium intybus L. aerial parts. Fall tapping to remove impurities, and dried. [Method] to remove impurities, and cut into sections. [Character] Hair chicory: all are bristles. Stems cylindrical, slightly curved, gray-green or purplish surface, with vertical edges; sections of yellow-white, hollow. More broken leaves, gray-green, the middle of the stem intact leaves were lyrate. Capitulum 5 to 13 arranged in a shorter total. Involucre cylindrical, diameter 5 ~ 6mm; bracts two layers, the outer shorter or nearly as long, with glandular hairs; ray florets blue. Achenes obovate, angled, top _truncate_, are scaly crested, long 1 ~ 2mm, brown or tan. Gas micro, taste salty, bitter. Chicory: stem nearly smooth. Stem Yeshao or degradation, oblong-lanceolate. Capitulum few clusters; bracts 2 layer, the outer short in length, glabrous. [Sexual flavor to the bitter, salty, cool. [Indications] Liver gallbladder, stomach and digestion, diuretic swelling. For heat jaundice, stomach eat less, edema oliguria. Dosage 9 ~ 18g. [Storage] Store in cool, dry place. [Excerpt] "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" Chicory (A) Overview Chicory (Cichorium intybus) Chicory is known as the European or French endive, Belgian endive, bud dish in Japan called "bitter cabbage." Chicory is chicory genus Asteraceae perennial herb with leaves, leaf balls, buds of vegetables, is a variant of breeding domesticated from wild chicory, the origin of the Mediterranean, Asia, Central and Northern. Chicory contains some vegetables in general no ingredients such as horse chestnut mesothelin, horse chestnut leather glycosides, saponins wild lettuce, mountains and mountain plain lettuce and other lactucin bitter substances, Liver gallbladder effect. Many countries of the world are valued gourmet chicory, take it as vegetables in the top grade. Its leaves can be fried, soup or salad; softening after cultivation of chicory shoots the ball used to be eaten raw, or made into delicious appetizer salad; Europe and the United States there are people fleshy root of the chicory coffee substitutes processed into or additives. Higher economic value of chicory. At present, China is still an emerging chicory special dish, the more difficult in our Southern culture, while China's central, north and other places more suitable climatic conditions for the cultivation of chicory, can get high-quality products, highly welcomed by consumers , the market potential is great. (B) the main varieties of types and traits Currently in the Beijing area cultivated good performance adaptability cabbage leaf type there are two main types of chicory, one for forcing culture of "softening chicory" and the other is a naturally formed ball cabbage leaf chicory. 1 used to soften varieties (contributed) cultivation Cultivated varieties used for softening, swollen taproot of fleshy taproot growth cone, all roots are grown in soil, skin white, smooth, generally taproot two columns on both sides of the fibrous raw easily generate the root bifurcation injured manifold roots. Aboveground leaf clusters on the stem shortening, was oblanceolate, apex acuminate, margin dentate deep notch called "mosaic", said the entire "board leaves." Long milky chicory bud varieties, green to dark green leaves shoot, some species at base of dorsal vein with a purple halo spots, leaves are sparse hair. Long red chicory varieties buds, shoots live maroon purple leaves. Foliage degree rarely carried obliquely upright growth, or flat growth, do not form leaves the ball, using only its fleshy taproot be contributed to the cultivation, harvesting and shoots the ball. Bud ball cream, red purple and mauve side shoots balls and other varieties. (1) cream varieties Collard from the Netherlands to introduce hybrids varieties. Softening shoots the ball very neat, compact, single bud ball weighs 150 grams, spindle. The shorter period of dormancy varieties available and precocious hydroponic softening, excellent quality. Mece Ritz varieties imported from the Netherlands. Softened chicory shoots the ball very neat, compact, used as a late-maturing and late-maturing hydroponic softened. Before planting to soften subject to cold storage treatment. Ralph Terry Holland introduced species. Taproot meat refrigerated before planting to soften the line. Blasts compact, high yield, high quality, without soil cover, but not suitable for hydroponic softened. 艾切利尼莎 varieties imported from England. Plant growth strong, easy to grow, should live. Softening shoots the ball neatly, hypertrophy, single bud weighing about 100 to 150 grams cream. Brazil shiragiku lettuce introduced from Brazil. Strains root dormancy obvious, softened shoots the ball over the white. Worm (ie ZOOM) is commonly used varieties of current national soften shoots the ball milk white, approximately oval, tight, crisp quality, good taste, a single bud ball weighing 150 to 300 grams. No dormant plants roots, digging roots can be softened after cultivation, hydroponics, soil culture, can not cover. Shirakawa Japanese varieties. No strains of root dormancy, without going through the cold treatment, can be directly after planting to soften digging roots. (2) the red varieties blasts German Red chicory imported from Germany. Fleshy taproot smaller, weaker growth vigor, leaf green with deep purple. After forcing culture buds ball less, nearly oval, reddish purple mesophyll, the main vein and sheath milk-white, crisp, cream varieties compared with its bitter lighter, thicker clear sweet, good taste, a single bud ball weight 30 to 80 g, increased villus see the light after the blasts. French red chicory imported from France and Italy. Smaller blasts, mesophyll thick edge microfold mesophyll milk purple leaf margins, veins and vein at nearly white, sweet taste, crisp, high-quality. 2 cabbage chicory Such chicory and lettuce are similar, shorter root, root system developed foliage to root out the leaves, and more leaves after inward volume growth, and gradually form a ball leaves, growing season is short, easy cultivation, divided red leaf and green leaf ball ball into two categories: (1) leaves the ball leaves the ball bright red varieties of its sheath, and the main portion of the milk white veins. When planting this type can not be too deep, and often irrigated and require DIF at 10 ℃ in order to guarantee access to bright colors, leaves the ball firming products. Currently used varieties are: "Medusa" F1 hybrids imported from the Netherlands early maturing varieties, heat, high, green outer leaves, leaf red ball, tight. From planting to harvest 60 to 70 days. Suitable for close planting, planting spacing of 30 cm × 35 centimeters. Oswald Avery hybrids imported from the Netherlands varieties, plants larger, outer leaves green leaf more, leaves the ball big, round, red. Poor heat resistance, suitable for autumn planting. Planting spacing of 40 cm × 40 centimeters. Western music pulled from the Netherlands introduced species, precocious type. Outside Yeshao, green. Red ball leaves smaller and compact. The breed resistance to heat, bolting late for open field and protected cultivation, you can also use a plastic container or flower pot planting. Open field cultivation can close planting, planting spacing of 30 cm × 30 centimeters. Jiyouliao leaves the ball from the Netherlands introduced species. Heat resistance is strong, late bolting and high yield. Available in the summer cultivation. Planting spacing of 30 × 30 centimeters. Gusteau varieties imported from the Netherlands. Than the heat, late bolting. Plants medium-sized, spherical ball leaves, red, precocious. From planting to harvest about 65 days. Planting spacing of 30 cm × 30 centimeters. Cesar Lal varieties imported from the Netherlands. Late-maturing type, cold and strong. Plants larger, more erect, green outer leaves, leaf ball is spherical, red. Planting spacing of 30 cm × 30 centimeters. 75 days from planting to harvest. French red chicory imported from France red chicory leaves the ball. Than the heat, late bolting, plant medium, large outer leaves, green, purple sheath, generous. Leaves the ball flat round, purple. From planting to harvest about 70 days. Germany chicory leaves imported from West Germany. Late-maturing type, cold and strong. Larger plants, green outer leaves, leaf cultivation in the summer than the ball loose, purple, white sheath milk. Can soften cultivation, softened dishes the ball to purple, white sheath, smaller. (2) green leaf varieties ball Le tissue culture imported from the Netherlands hybrids varieties. Than the heat, the precocious. Ye ball cylindrical, light green, outside Yeshao, height of about 30 to 35 cm. Planting spacing of 30 cm × 30 centimeters. Piluo Tuo from the Netherlands to introduce hybrids varieties of late. Ye ball cylindrical, dark green, outside Yeshao, height 35 to 40 cm, planting spacing of 30 cm × 35 centimeters. From planting to harvest 70 to 80 days. Scarborough Pia early varieties imported from the Netherlands. Can be used to soften cultivation. Ye ball cylindrical, light green, outside Ye, height 30 to 35 cm. To summer planting. Planting spacing of 30 cm × 30 centimeters. From planting to harvest about 60 days. Pangqiao. Imported from the Netherlands in the late-maturing varieties. Plant more upright. Height 35 to 40 cm. Planting spacing of 30 cm × 40 centimeters. From planting to harvest about 70 days.柯士里塔斯. Japanese varieties. More upright plant, plant height of 35 to 40 cm. Leaves the ball spindle, yellow-green. From planting to harvest takes about 70 days, should not be softened cultivation. (C) for the cultivation of environmental conditions 1. Temperature Chicory is a semi-cold vegetables, shoot the short-term ability of -2 - 1 ℃ low temperature, while the taproot has a strong resistance to the cold, a little coverage in Beijing in winter buried fleshy roots with soil, as long as no frost direct contact with the root bark, which can live through the winter. Plant Growth temperature 17 ~ 20 ℃ is the optimum exceeds 20 ℃, assimilation miopragia over 30 ℃ or more, the accumulated respiratory Assimilation almost consumed. However, there are plants in the seedling stage of strong heat capacity, optimum growth temperature is 20 ~ 25 ℃, at this stage, such as when the temperature above 0 ℃, there will be an early bolting phenomenon. Contributed to soften chicory cultivation period, optimum temperature 15 ~ 20 ℃, 18 ℃ to best. Temperature shoots the ball fast growth, the formation of buds ball loose, not tight, the temperature is too low, the delay in the formation of shoots the ball, shoot the ball, but does not affect the quality. 2 water Chicory throughout the growth and development require moist environment. After sowing, such as lack of soil moisture, germination is delayed emergence time. But in the seedling stage, in order to promote root growth, the need to properly control moisture, do see the field see wet dry hair plants trees, the taproot began to expand, should ensure the supply of water. 3 Light Vegetative growing need plenty of light, fleshy roots to grow substantial. Contributed (softened) requires dark conditions cultivation. 4 soil Should choose loose fertile sandy loam planting. Chicory resilience of soil acidity is strong, but too acid soil detrimental to their growth. (Iv) the softening chicory cultivation techniques Due to the growth characteristics similar to cabbage cabbage chicory chicory, its cultivation techniques may refer cabbage chicory. In this describes only soften chicory cultivation techniques. . Nurture softening cultivation of a fleshy root Softened with fleshy roots because many requirements, should be in the field cultivation, generally an acre field planted into a fleshy root, butter yellow (white) color varieties available from 50 to 60 square meters soften bed cultivation, varieties of red buds ball 23 to 25 meters. (1) Land _Select_ion _Select_ the soil deep, fertile soil porosity, soil particle crushing, sandy loam with good ventilation, drainage and irrigation and planting lots to be convenient. (2) prior to site preparation, Fertilizers, ridging sowing as soon as possible Tengcha, remove weeds Qiancha stubble, 1.5 to 2.5 kg per acre sprayed insecticide carbaryl, then 2 times tillage with rotary tiller, depth about 15 cm, combined with arable land per acre applied quality shop decomposed manure 3000 ~ 5000 kg superphosphate and mixed with 30 kg, 50 kg or long-acting fertilizer, spread evenly applied and rotary mixed evenly, leveling plots. For the north and south to small Takakuro, Qikuan including about 100 cm ditch west furrow openers make a Turtle Qimian and ditch about 15 centimeters shaped furrow ridge. (3) direct seeding or transplanting seedlings Daejeon direct seeding. Chicory suitable live, fleshy roots live straight and get smooth, soften the cultivation area of small, multi-plant can increase yields. Mainly in autumn, sowing is slightly different because of the different varieties, the Beijing area with modern popular varieties, such as "ZOOM" (Worm variety series), "White River", red chicory, etc., optimum sowing date was June to late July; such as premature sowing, due to high temperatures, long sunshine, high rate of occurrence of bolting, late sowing the plants fleshy roots are weak, small and thin, affecting the yield and quality of buds ball. Sowing, seedling avoid the high temperature period, bolting rate declined significantly, and the growth of the plants have sufficient time to grow into a strong taproot. A. seeding rate: 200 to 250 grams. B. Seeding Method: In a small Takakuro west side, according to 30 cm spacing open shallow, Goushen 3 cm, sparse drilling or demand, after sowing casing, about 1 cm thick, not too thick. If sowing encounter heavy rain, after the rain should be planted as late season, to be broadcast on a rainy day or before rain robbed, to use on-demand or Dibble, mulch after planting to wear until after emergence gash film. See Been dense seedlings. 3 to 4 true leaves Dingmiao, Dingmiao spacing of 15 cm. Mulching cultivation method can reduce weed growth is conducive to the growth of water and fertilizer Paul fleshy roots. seedling transplanting. If you encounter groaning sowing rain, dew to live often due to seed or seedlings just unearthed Jibei rain washed fight, causing sprout deficiency;, or in the event of cultivation can not be vacated, it should be taken seedling transplanting. General breeding methods, due to injury when the lifter root cause long after the flesh into a taproot becomes manifold roots, or curved roots, fibrous roots increased when compared to soften cultivated land and more influence yields, so best to use a small nursery Nutrition earth or plug seedlings. The most simple and effective method is the choice of 288 holes nursery seedling nursery tray, pull seedlings when transplanting seedlings should not hurt the roots, or old newspaper paper paper roll loading nutritive soil, transplant seedlings when lingers lump, not to hurt the roots, the survival rate is high. a plug seedlings matrix: It can make the best use of garden soil matrix to do, when conditions available 2 parts peat, 1 part vermiculite or peat, vermiculite waste material each mushroom mix 1 part. If the seedling tray with 288 holes, planted a seedling acres of land required chicory plate 9 000 for every 1 000 required matrix 2.8 m3 (ie sterile seedling acre of land, the need to prepare a matrix 25.2 cubic meters). In the preparation of the substrate, the substrate was added fertilizer per cubic meter of 0.7 kg, or 0.5 kg of urea and 0.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and fill in the matrix mix Plug spare. b seeding rate: plug seedlings using precision sowing, chicory seed germination rate can reach 95% or more generally, seed weight is about 1.5 grams, the amount of mu species seedling transplanting 18 to 20 grams is sufficient, than live greatly save seed quantity. c seed treatment: To ensure that all seedlings, planting should be determined before the re-sowing seed germination. Chicory seed imports are generally treated with a fungicide that can dry sowing (red color or green color of the seed is treated with a pesticide, wash hands with soap after contact). Case since the adoption of domestic breeding seeds or seeds, available cold water soaking, remove superficial kind, full of the child after the sinking of the water, you can go over the water to dry after planting. d sowing methods: seeds per hole to put a depth of no more than 1 cm, covered with a thin layer above after sowing vermiculite, can not reveal the seeds after watering. To spray after planting permeable to water dripping from the bottom outlet plug out for the degree, plug each cell should be clearly visible after pouring water spray. The temperature at around 20 ℃, 3 ~ 4 days out Qimiao, check seedlings filled. e seedling management: Beijing breeding period when the hot and rainy season, water-resistant seedlings to be anti-high temperature. As in the greenhouse nursery every day water, high temperature period to early and late spray once. Clover seedlings when bent, can be combined with water for 1 to 2 times Yemianpenfei available plus 0.2% urea, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution spraying. About 20 days or so, when the 3-4 true leaves, the seedlings can be transplanted field. f colonization: transplant seedlings seedling tray that morning spray flooding should carefully lifter with matrix grafts. The spacing and planting the same distance when live Dingmiao, spaced 30 cm, 15 cm spacing, with a small shovel to dig holes to lump seedlings planted. Seedlings with furrow soil lump flat, flat, do not lump hand pressure seedlings, the root of water is poured lump seedlings and soil close. (4) field management ① live after irrigation field emergence to early growth of the seedlings view, uniform seedlings fill the gaps. If you encounter arid days after emergence, should be conducted before and after Qimiao Dingmiao continuous watering times, furrow, pour to Qimian that without water, do not swamp seedlings, every few days to see Qimian dry before filling. Dingmiao not too much watering, keep the soil dry see see wet soil dry shallow tillage, so roots grow downward group. Transplant seedlings management is the same. To September, chicory growing season, fleshy root rapid expansion, increase watering frequency irrigation. To early October, fleshy root has been formed, to control watering. If there is no rain, early pour water 1 to 2 times to the late no watering. ② dressing for about 20 days after the broadcast field emergence, post-transplant seedlings Huanmiao see Seedling nitrogen fertilizer 1-2 times, parallel Row crop cultivators weeding. Topdressing fertilizer plant closure before 1 ridge, fertilizer per acre with 20 to 30 kg. After the fleshy root formation (usually about 90 days after sowing) during excavation, Yemianpenfei, spraying with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 or 2 times, prompting nutrients from the leaf to the root of the operation, so fleshy roots The dry matter content increases, moisture reduction, in order to facilitate storage and soften the next stage of cultivation. (5) Pest Control Chicory worms rarely harm, but in successive years rainfed, grubs and other soil pests such as more land should be extinguished when tilling the land. Harvest (6) fleshy roots Beijing area in late October to early November. Chicory plants have grown from 100 to 120 days, they form substantial fleshy roots can be harvested. Harvested fleshy roots work must be completed before the frost. Harvest shovels dug up the entire fleshy root, do not dig the root injury, do not have to quit to stay in the soil. Wedges chicory even the whole plant seedling with roots in the plot neatly stacked into place. Digging work should receive no rain in the conduct, dry 2 to 3 days when the weather is fine, and then trimmed to remove Huanglao leaves, leaf base to stay 3 to 5 cm of the petiole, cut out the rest, be careful not to hurt the roots when cut crown growing point. Root plants start bolting to pick out, shoving the size of the root when renovations were piling up, and then transported to the freezing point, such as cabbage or turnip pit pit storage backup. Storage and transportation renovation work should be completed before the cold, not so fleshy roots by frost damage, otherwise when contributed (softened) cultivated parts of decay due to frostbite caused by failure. (7) the storeroom or cellar management Storage reason fleshy roots. Chicory varieties in some varieties, such as "ZOOM" (Worm Series) no apparent dormancy, you can use it to soften the direct cultivation after harvest. In order to extend chicory production and supply of buds, you need storage, inhibit its germination, batches soften cultivation. Most of the other species, must be subjected to a low temperature by the number of days of dormancy, germination long balls also require storage at an appropriate temperature, so that the storage period, neither allow the growth of buds, but also to ensure that they are not subjected to low temperature injury. Managing storage during storage, meat ranunculus best to use 0.1 mm vinyl film packaging, such as silicon rubber modified atmosphere bags like better effect. Storage temperature or vegetable cellar temperature controlled between 0 ~ 2 ℃, relative humidity greater than 95%. At 0 ℃ cavities, fleshy roots can cling up to six months, at 2 ℃ at about four months. 2 Softening cultivation (or hoard planted, hereinafter referred to hoard planted) (1) store locations planted Can be located in Yang Qi, greenhouse, cellar, greenhouse or even exposed to dig the bed can also be used high plastic barrels, wooden boxes and other containers of idle placed under house basically two types of soil and hydroponics hydroponics. (2) soil culture method Hoard planting bed preparation. _Select_ the temperature can be stably maintained greenhouses of 8 ~ 20 ℃, greenhouse or idle houses, with large clean sandy or coarse sand Land for growing media, paved 30 cm thick hoard planting beds, leveling upon used, as can be on the ground in Yangqi pocket directly, width from 100 to 150 cm, in order to be able to reach out and stood in the slot side slot center is appropriate. Depth of 20 to 30 cm in length depending on the venue may be. Require temperature control and conditional hotline can be covered in the bottom, and then the casing 3 cm spare. Chicory taproot treatment. The fleshy root chicory different lengths divided into large, medium and small three, breaking off the rotten leaves, roots can be longer than 20 cm to the end of the cut. Hoard planted methods. The roots were planted in different sizes hoard planting beds, the same level of fleshy root one by one to code better. Coarser than 6 cm above the root can immediately stacking, root diameter less than 6 cm should be 2 to 3 cm apart, after a trough full code, sprinkle sand or soil to fill the gap, pouring enough water until the water penetration after another 10 to 15 cm thick casing, leaving about 20 cm above the tank space, let stand, covered with a black film or other shade shading. If the temperature is controlled at 18 ~ 20 ℃, 20 days Jiemo check, and saw a yellow-white buds take along just the tip of exposed soil or sand covered clawed sediment can be harvested shoots the ball. Closed buds per square ball about 25 kg. Used tank bed and sand can no longer hoard plant, subject to do. To extend the harvest period, North China's most economical method can also be planted outdoors store open field, (in the same way and protected) in the winter frozen ditch before pocketing the chicory root plants planted in trenches, covering fine sand or river sand about 20 centimeters, or open the sealed straws under natural winter temperatures, but require regular checks early spring, winter can not be extended to cover straws harvested in early April. (2) hydroponics The same principles and soil BASIC, can be three-dimensional production, machinery operations and higher production efficiency. Root plants using hydroponics must be washed clean, and remove a small portion of the apical fleshy roots, there is a growth promoter buds of the ball, shoot the ball firmer thick role marketability better; clean water to prevent the hydroponic process root rot occurs, preferably with running water, or frequently changes the water, the water level in the fleshy root of 1/2, 1/3 would be more appropriate to control temperature, humidity and shading, etc. to be strict, especially temperature not be higher than 20 ℃, if higher than 20 ℃, with temperature and increased the weight of shoots the ball drop, a sharp increase in open bulk rates. Cultured bed air relative humidity should be maintained at more than 95% under low humidity conditions to form buds loose ball, lightweight fiber, eating poor taste. Meanwhile, due to non-covered upper fleshy root, the faint light of weak natural light will be 1 to 2 hours of green shoots the ball occurs, more than five hours later, shoots the ball leaves the outer leaves and the top will obviously turn green, quality decline , so be quick operation to minimize indoor plant store to see the light of time. 3. Harvest (1) Harvest time Blasts harvest depends on the temperature inside the store planting beds, 18 ~ 20 ℃ during 20 days left may be harvested; If the temperature at 10 ~ 12 ℃, need 30 to 40 days before harvest. If the temperature is high, although shorter time to form shoots the ball, but shoots the ball loose, commodity quality. (2) meet the product specifications of the standard harvest green leaf varieties blasts milky yellow-white, thick and succulent shoots cohesion firm, about 12 cm at the thickest diameter of about 6 cm, weight 80 to 100 g single . Shoots a red ball type and weight are small. By (3) harvesting method buds harvested from the base of the cutting harvest ball stripped have scars, broken off, damaged outer leaves rotten, small-package, then listed. If not listed should be promptly deposited in the shading 0 ℃, relative humidity of 95% or more of the library. After the hair chicory shoots the ball harvest, but also formed around the incision fleshy root bud, just need a longer time, the number of lateral buds are also more slender, generally every 10 to 20 grams, which is also the second harvest bud Its characteristics, in the French market called "monk must" market is also very good. (E) seed Currently chicory seed cultivation is mainly purchased from abroad, the price is expensive. _Select_ seed strains are _select_ed from budding ball softening the appearance of good cultivation, in line with commodity standard root plants uprooted, focused on seed orchard planted with other varieties of endive and chicory isolation, unplug premature bolting, flowering summer plants. After planting to flowering large items. That is the central seed plants turn yellow cut, dry threshing after drying, wind net saving standby. When a small amount of seed batches harvested mature seeds. (F) Methods of food Chicory leaves can be harvested for human consumption, but softened cultivated chicory shoots the ball is mainly used for raw food. Wash the ball after a large buds stripped off the lobe, whole leaf sauce, made delicious appetizer salad. Smaller blasts could eat a whole. Can not be washed with hot boiling water cleaning (by heating after soft pale brown and bitter), can be fried, boiled. The outer layer is damaged outer leaves, wash available stir over high heat, fry instant, not long put.
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Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition
Name: Chicory Pinyin: Juju English name: HERBA CICHORII RADIX CICHORII Base of the original: The strains of Uighur conventional medicine. Compositae hair chicory Cichori-um glandulosum Boiss. et Huet or chicory Cichorium intybus L. The dried aerial parts or roots. Summer and autumn adopt some or cede territory autumn digging roots, remove sediment and impurities, and dried. Properties: Mao chicory stems cylindrical, slightly curved; surface glows green or purplish, with vertical edges, pubescent or bristly, yellow-white section, hollow. Leaves more broken. Gray-green, pubescent on both sides; complete middle stem leaves oblong, base sessile, semiamplexicaul; upwards leaves smaller, round ears like amplexicaul, margin spiny teeth. Capitulum 5-13 months into short racemose arrangement. Involucre bell-shaped, diameter 5-6mm; bracts two layers, the outer shorter or nearly as long, hairy; ray florets blue. Achenes obovate, ribbed and wavy surface texture, top _truncate_, are scaly crested, long 0.8-1mm, brown or tan, dark brown spots clouds. Gas micro, taste salty, bitter. Chicory root root hair conical lateral and most have fibrous roots, long 10-20cm, diameter 0.5-1.5cm. Surface brown, with fine irregular longitudinal wrinkles. Hard, not easy to break, section outside yellow-white, middle class white, sometimes hollow. Gas micro, bitter taste. Chicory stems near the surface smooth. Stem Yeshao, oblong-lanceolate. Capitulum few clusters; outer bracts short in length, glabrous or apex is sparse hair. Achenes scaly, crested short, long 0.2-0.3mm. Chicory root tip sometimes 2-3 fork. Surface gray-brown to brown, rough, with dark vertical stripes, often shedding skin after shedding was brown to tan, there are a few lateral roots and fibrous roots. Chewing toughness. Identification: (1) This product stem cross-section, epidermal occasional multicellular glandular hairs. Subcutaneous thick edges and corners filled with yellow-brown horn cell inclusions; cortex Kjeldahl point is obvious, pericycle fibers developed, tough type of vascular outside, about 20-25 bundles, cambium obvious conduit round single or several rings out in the xylem diameter 8-50μm. Mao chicory root cross-section, cork 2-3 rows of cells, brown; phloem ray single. Cambium obvious xylem scattered or 2-6 radial arrangement, wood rays 1-6 columns, walls thin, pits obvious. Chicory stem cross-section fiber Pericycle more developed, several or dozens of pipe together, intermittent ring out in the xylem. Chicory root cortex cross-section of narrow cross-section of xylem accounted for 1/2 (2) take the powder 1g, petroleum ether (60-90 ℃) 30ml, ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, filtered, residue spare; filtrate evaporated and the residue from ethyl acetate - methanol (1:1) 1ml make dissolve, as the test solution. Another chicory (or chicory root) reference drug 1g, the same method as the reference drug solution. Thin layer chromatography (Appendix Ⅵ B) experiment, to learn the two solutions of 10μl, respectively, in the same silica gel G plate with petroleum ether (60-90 ℃) - dichloromethane (1:4) as the agent, started out, dried, sprayed with 10% sulfuric acid solution, heated at 105 ℃ to spot color definition. Test products for chromatography, chromatography with the reference drug corresponding position was the same color spots. (3) take the [identification] (2) the dregs, waving to make petroleum ether, ethyl acetate was added 30ml, ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, filtered, and the filtrate evaporated and the residue from ethyl acetate - methanol (1:2) 1ml dissolve, as the test solution. Another chicory (or chicory root) reference drug 1g, the same method as the reference drug solution. Thin layer chromatography (Appendix Ⅵ B) experiment, to learn the two solutions of 10μl, respectively, in the same gel GF254 TLC plate with dichloromethane - methanol (9:1) as the agent, started out, drying, UV light (254nm), under review. Test products for chromatography, and the corresponding position in the reference drug chromatography was the same color spots; then sprayed with 10% sulfuric acid in ethanol and heated at 105 ℃ to clear spot color was the same color spots. Check: Determination of water according to water (Appendix Ⅸ H first method), not more than 10.0%. Not more than 10.0% of the total ash (Appendix Ⅸ K). Acid insoluble ash not more than 1.0% (Appendix Ⅸ K). Extract: Hot-dip method according to alcohol-soluble extract assays under (Appendix Ⅹ A) was measured using 55% ethanol as solvent, not less than 10.0%. Processing methods: Remove impurities, cut into sections. Taste: Bitter, salty, cool. Efficacy: Liver gallbladder, stomach and digestion, diuretic swelling. Indications: For heat jaundice, stomach eat less, edema oliguria. Dosage: 9-18g. Storage: _Set_ overcast cold dry place. Western medicine Category: Chinese medicine (herbs and Pieces)
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Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2000
Chicory Pinyin: Juju English name: HERBACICHORII Page number: (2000 edition) -254 The strains of Uighur conventional medicine. Compositae hair chicory CichoriumglandulosumBoiss.et Hout and chicory CichoriumintybusL aboveground.'s. Fall tapping to remove impurities, and dried. [Character] was all hair bristles chicory. Stems cylindrical, slightly curved, gray-green or purplish surface, with Vertical edges; sections of yellow-white, hollow. More broken leaves, gray-green, the middle of the stem intact leaves were lyrate. Flower heads Order of 5 to 13 a short racemose arrangement. Involucre cylindrical, diameter 5 ~ 6mm; bracts two layers, the outer shorter or nearly as long, With glandular hairs; ray florets blue. Achenes obovate, angled, top _truncate_, are scaly crested, long 1 ~ 2mm, cinnamon Color or tan. Gas micro, taste salty, bitter. Chicory stems nearly smooth. Stem Yeshao or degradation, oblong-lanceolate. Capitulum few clusters; bracts 2 Layer, the outer short in length, glabrous. [Cooked] to remove impurities, and cut into sections. [Taste] bitter, salty, cool. 【Functions and Indications Liver gallbladder, stomach and digestion, diuretic swelling. For heat jaundice, stomach eat less, water Swollen oliguria. [Usage and dosage] 9 ~ 18g. [Storage] Store in cool, dry place.
