Tea cited law Is a Song Dynasty tea monopoly law. "Tea cited" the merchants pay the tea tax, tea monopoly certificate obtained. Buy tea merchants in officialdom, to pay ten percent cited taxes, tea, tea counties issued guidelines cited by virtue of a tax exempt tea trafficking. The tea is cited, similar to modern proof of purchase and a tax certificate, but also with the nature of monopoly certificate. Tea is our history cited official lease issued to permit marketing tea merchants, tea, tea stall where the merchant ship shall be taxable 顀 guidelines, prepared according to inspection checkpoints _set_ angle release (Qing bear tea for each lead), Yuan Song Chongning (AD 1102) founded the "tea cited law" that apply to the official merchant 顀 "primer" to pay taxes after special "lead" into the Dasan buy tea, transported to the designated location sales, which is under the control of an official businessman patented approach, Yuan, Ming have adopted this approach. Various national systems of taxation and knock the ban on tea monopoly. China is the world's tea, tea earliest countries. Southern and Northern Dynasties, the South has generally tea, tea drinking habits are also prevalent across. But in the longer historical period, just as a tribute to the dedication of tea court. Tang Dynasty tea production to large-scale development, the formation of the People's tea culture in general, began to tax tea, knock tea, tea gradually establish Wanmi law system. Tang, Five Dynasties Tang Jianzhong tea tax began Dezong four years (783), one of ten tax from salt and iron transport to the competent tea service. Xing Yuan Dynasty (784) Gaiyuan amnesty stop levying tax on tea. Zhenyuan nine (793) complex tax tea in the tea-producing counties and Dasan foreign people to the road by _set_ting the tax field, divided into three ranks at a price of ten tax one, four hundred thousand years old have the money consistently, a national of a tea tax of important revenue. After Tangmu cases throne, but also by the world tea tax five tenths. Tang Wenzong Japan nine years (835), Wang Ya to make tea Zhudao Yantie transporter knock, knock beginning to change tax tea tea monopoly. So people move on officialdom tea planting, picking tea manufacturers in the bureaucracy, the old private piling up, all make incinerate all kinds of official civil service officials to sell. This law was against the government and the people curse sense of shame, immediately stop the waste. Open 1989 (836), Li Shih-relative, and restore the old system Zhenyuan, tithes levied on tea. After the Tang Emperor ascended the throne, knock tea monopoly system before _set_ting up: "to make people aware of the official tea-tax discount to buy, people dare not send hiding vend official and private traders were confiscated." All official bribed by tea and then sold to traders, merchants and levied heavy taxes. In addition to live merchants pay taxes, a tax, but also to pay for accommodation tax "fallen to money." Tang, tea, French and Japanese secret, private sale and severely punish tax evasion private tea. Tang Xuanzong times more per kilogram of tea to raise taxes five money, that the "leftover tea money." Tea has become a staple tax income countries. But with the formation of the military governorship, local tax revenue and more tea was trapped separatist regime, the Central Government are the same. Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, the National disintergrating, Tea Act no longer uniform. Southern tea producing regions such as the Southern Tang Shu separatist regime and the implementation of knock tea monopoly; Hunan province is listening to the people picking, allowed to sell in the north, _set_ back diagram Service, impose high tax on tea. Five Dynasties and Northern countries, because they do not produce tea, tea leaves are required input from the south of the JAC, _set_ yard levy business tax. Song Sung tea growing Wanmi law, and the establishment of a tea monopoly system. Song, the central part and three Division Yantie capital goods traffic management tea knock administration, after YuanFeng restructuring by the Ministry of the Gold Division, too Prefecture Temple knock cargo traffic management tea governance. Southern Song Dynasty, from directly under the central line (Lin'an government, now Hangzhou) knock cargo services, all other management tea plantation and tea monopoly interest income. Ban tea areas, the central government or local officials keep a close watch directly send tea governance. Huizong chongning later, they _set_ the level of salt in the road lifting tea company, in charge of the brightest political tea. Song Tea Act and knock at the two trade ban. There are strict ban on trade and knock-line tea regional, cross-border and prohibitions, exit penalty. Trade, namely the tax levied on households and tea merchant business tax, permit free trade. Guangdong and Guangxi tea rarely been implemented trade, Shu in Xining seven years (1074) Prior to implement trade also are forbidden from leaving the country. Southeast region SongRenZong Jiayou four years (1059) to Huizong Jianzhong Yasukuni first year (1101) was once trade, imposed tea tax. Knock ban, also known as Monopoly. Upcoming tea _set_ designed household residence, said the tenants, lost rental tax, converted with tea, the official amount given lesson, advance capital, more than the amount of tea and extra tea, all according to the official price of buying, selling may not be private. Official monopoly and the resulting tea sold to merchants, to obtain high profits. Fresh tea civilian individual areas, once sales by the local government. Southeast knock tea was originally practiced law cited pay. Conduit brought in two years (964) beginning knock tea, followed by another in Huainan largest tea producing Qi (now Hubei qichun), yellow (now Hubei Huanggang), Lu (now Anhui Hefei), light (Henan Huangchuan) Shu (now Anhui Anqing), life (now Shou County, Anhui) Thirteen build six states, along tea distribution center in Gangneung House (now Hubei Jiangling), real state (now Jiangsu Yizheng), Haizhou (now Jiangsu Lianyungang), Hanyang Army (now Hubei Wuhan Hanyang), inaction Army (now Wuwei) and Qi Qi mouth _set_ six states knock goods business. All around the bribed official tea concentrated in thirteen games and six knock cargo services, unified offering. Make goods merchant payment services in the capital and along the knock knock cargo traffic tea money, or satisfied northwest border into forage, liberally discount, coupons distributed text, called cross-cited, with thirteen field and lead to knock cargo traffic along the river to collect the fixed Tea Trafficking betrayed. Subsequently businessman manipulating food prices, loss country courses, and receive cross border residents cited after he could not lead to the southeast of tea, had the lead at a cheap price to pay to sell the capital to pay cited shop, much exploitation, so reluctant to join the Carolina forage collection delivery lead, causing hard to implement cross-cited law. Taizong once implemented after the shot stick method. And even if the official is satisfied businessman buying and selling stickers catty tea should net interest money, with the merchant requires prospective tenants to buy their tea to sell, so there is a sticker shot name. But must chariot tea into the officer, to coupons for the test, to prevent bootlegging. If the paste-year-old shot entirely, or no stickers shot, still the official buying. Tenants lose expired less than satisfied, taking into account the negative income as businessmen. Post-injection method to avoid all sorts of expenses businessman manipulating the price of tea ills and transportation officials Buying and selling tea, available official trading net. But it makes traders only buy tea, tea can only be bought by the poor quality of bad rulers, the same loss tea benefits, it is only in Taizong Chunhua four years (993) from February to July in the Southeast region, the first year to the day Saint CLASSICS three years (1023 - 1025) was implemented in Huainan area, shall be annulled. As the cross-shot lead law and paste method have their drawbacks, loss national class interest, four were abolished southeast CLASSICS Jiayou knock tea Rescinding the Prohibition trade. Huizong chongning first year (1102), Cai Jing Tea recovery in Southeast knock on cross-shot lead law and paste method, go on benefits and disadvantages, diverted tea cited law. Government abolished the official buying and selling tea, so tea merchants to knock Imperial counties or services to buy goods cited, with lead tenants went to buy tea tea counties contract field scale development, test lead, seal, according to the specified time, location and quantity sold. Long and short of arguments cited cited. Long lead marketing off-road, the deadline for one year; short lead marketing this way, the deadline season. Tea cited method to get rid of the official dealing directly operated tea drawbacks, giving merchants and farmers a degree of freedom of trading rights to mobilize the tea producers and operators of intrinsic motivation is conducive to tea production, circulation and increase national tea Lesson income, so the final song of the world, cited law does not change. Song Shu knock tea, in line Tea Ancestor Xining years Marfa. _Set_ in Chengdu Grand Tea-Horse Division main lifting its governance. Counties that buy tea plantation, all the people buying tea directly from the official tea transported to Hee (now Gansu Lintao), Qin (now Gansu Tianshui) sell tea plantation and other places to buy a horse farm; or church official in Sichuan, buy tea merchant, tea-producing counties sent a long lead, each cited by the price of tea taxes levied cited tenth of a tax exemption, transported to Xi Qin sell selling tea plantation and other regions to buy a horse farm. Tea plantation and then sell them to buy a horse farm and then tea and exchanged horses or sell minority ethnic groups, tea benefits for border funding. Buy Sichuan border minority horses, also implemented the tea-horse method. Meanwhile official also use the monopoly supply of tea southwest, northwest of minorities, as a means controlled substances Yu minorities. Marketing Sichuan China tea, tea plantation will be bought by the tenants to buy tea, taking interest rates three tenths, sold directly to merchants, traders allowed four rows River Gorge tea filling civilian food, but not transactions with minorities. Gaozong Jianyan years (1128) and the abolition of the marketing Zhao opened Sichuan mainland official buying and selling tea, tea lead line method, allowing traders to buy leads prospective tenants to buy tea sold. Thus, in addition to the required method of Tea Tea Horse still the official buying and selling, the rest are implemented tea trader buy sell their monopoly system. Song of the tea monopoly system has been quite complete. Any violation of the terms of the cited Act, would be subject to confiscation of goods and tea, bamboo cane, crutches, Acts, the penalty stream. Tea cited forgery gang holding the rod and private tea trade, met the rebels to death lawsuit escapement catch. No tea Xu cited private person arrest report, the lawsuit to reward. Officials illegal favoritism, but also according to the law of sin. This tea monopoly system has greatly increased state revenues, but also solve the horses sources for the maintenance of two Song Dynasty political, economic and military interests have played an important role, it is the continuation and development of future generations of feudal dynasty. Kim Jin northern domination, tea imports from the Southern Song Dynasty, in order to avoid "charges and owned by the enemy country" on the smuggled tea and tea are strict controls. An order of three cases of Gold (1198), who _set_ Bureaucracy tea, failed strike. The following year in Caizhou (Henan Ru'nan) and other four states each new tea _set_ made official Frank, according to Song catty bag, $ 6 Man, life Shandong, Hebei Road transport company according to its number of bags are the brightest account With sales in China. Cited by traders to buy, satisfied that money and folding objects, each according to its will. Taihe five years (1205) Dismissed made tea house, tea is still entirely dependent on the South input. Officials subsequently prescribed more than seven items before eating tea, but not private sale and gift offerings. The depositary should save the tea, according to weight impunity. It also provides that in addition to salt, silk brocade silk may not be used with other objects Song Bo Yi tea. Jin Xuanzong million light years (1223), because of the state's financial difficulties, re_set_ tea ban provisions prince, princess and current Wupinyishang officials promised tea party, they shall not betray and private gifts to others, offenders sentenced to five years in prison, denounced Baoquan ten thousand reward those who consistently. Yuan Yuan Xing Yu Mobei, no shortage of horses, horse law repealed tea, tea cited the implementation of a unified law. Head of the Central households nationwide tea service, tea and home-made salt and other printed and printed tea cited arguments. Official in Jiangzhou (now Jiangxi Jiujiang) are _set_ to knock tea transit division, total JAC, Jinghu, Foreground tax. In the tea-producing region located knock tea or tea salt transport company transport company, to _set_ up knock tea tea lifting Secretary knock tea and tea laboratories approved by the Bureau and other agencies, according to sell bulk cited, rules do country lessons. India cited the Ministry of the Lord, where the main selling tea service agency cited levies. Abolition of the long lead special short lead, nine pounds of tea per meter lead. Where traders sell tea, cited must pay taxes, buy tea in designated mountain farm. Cited by the outside have tea every nine pounds of tea by the meter, later changed to a total of ten pounds to three pounds, in order to sell tea by zero. Businessman With cited by Yun sell. Tea had not approved inspection of premises for examination who stick seventies, selling is not completed within three days to go to pay the lawsuit cited subheading, stick sixty. Businessman turn lead with tea, alter font size, adding entrainment pounds heavier, cited not with tea, tea grinding households do not follow the guidelines, the entrainment of selling, transported tea master informed travel entrainment, according to private tea impunity. Where to commit the tea stick seventy, no official tea half and half paid informant charge reward. Tea cited by the fake tea by cutting off confiscate possessions charge paid informant reward. Ban lawsuit lax, resulting in a private tea has occurred, crime and officials. Its tea lesson rates, early modern light, Khan Yuan thirteen years (1276), cited the closing of each note four money two farthings, tea tax levied nationwide, but more than 1,200 pounds. Raise taxes in subsequent years, Yuan Ren Yan Woo seven years (1320), cited taxed every twelve twenty-five money, national tea lesson has reached over two hundred eighty-nine thousand two hundred pounds. Forty years, nearly three times the increase of tea lesson. Obviously, head toward the central national tea service users, to determine the amount of lessons, and _set_ to punish private inspection Censor tea; Let the tea tax division, Tea-Horse Division handled levies and buy horses; design approved test laboratories to check the authenticity of the lead. Tea Act of its official supplier of tea and tea. Levies knock tea trader said tea, storage side Yi Ma said the official tea. Manufacturers tea in the south, the official tea in Hanzhong, Shaanxi and Sichuan regions. Allowing traders to buy tea trader cited trafficking, officials must ensure that the tea needs to buy a horse. Manufacturers tea are implemented cited law. Central Ministry cited the tea producing tea counties pay sales. Where to buy tea merchant, went to the official notification by selling pounds heavier line tea areas cited satisfied that money, promised to buy tea tea household goods sold abroad. Each cited tea a hundred pounds less than a lead, that the fractional, separately tea by Xu Xing Tea six pounds. Official tea regional distance by line, in order to process a given limit, depending on the test batch after batch of test cases will be cited by the cut-off angle, no entrainment party promised release. Tea and lead must go hand in hand, there is no argument tea, extra entrainment by private tea Offences, Xu accused of fishing. No tea households cited the tea sold by the businessman who chase times the original price not official. Businessman selling tea in the tea shipped to, the need to press thirty Tax Division Division take a pay sales tax. Maicha completed, namely the original to lead from the lawsuit to pay the counties where the lead, the former marshal laboratories approved, the Department of the Ministry of check-off solution. If you do not pay cited by expiration, batch inspection cited the tea trade names identified on a quarterly basis consistent site, cited by number, turn the seat to monitor the censor Justice Xunan recovered questions, send Ministry canceled. Sichuan tea suppliers, the government also according to different sales targets, scope, and quality of tea, the traditional system of law and supply relationships, will lead into the tea and ventral sides cited cited. Lead marketing side now Sichuan Ganzi and Aba, Qinghai and other Tibetan areas and the West Golog, abdominal cited marketing mainland, forming a river of tea "on both sides of a belly" argument shore system. Official tea storage side is the focus of the Ming Ma Yi Tea Act. "State government heavy horse, so strict Tea Act," Tea-Horse Division _set_ its political master. Has the government _set_ Qinzhou (later moved to Xining), River State (now Gansu Linxia), Tao (now Lintan), Zhuanglanghe (now Gansu Yeongdeungpo), Minzhou (now MINXIAN), Yongning (now Sichuan xuyong), Ya-state gate towers (now Sichuan Vincent) Tea-Horse Division, and Xining, River State, Tao states, towers doors Tea-Horse Division as the main tea-horse trade organizations, monopoly and Tibetan tea-horse trade. Government and the smuggling of tea northwest, southwest minority areas are very strict precautions, sent officials to inspect regularly pass, catch a private tea. Tea exit and pass the private oversight, are very heavy penalties. Ming Hongwu three years (1397), consort Commandery Ouyang Lun transported by a private tea to Shaanxi River State, it was Prince Fuzhu, tea goods confiscated. To the Ming emperors Jiajing, only extenuating personal fan of tea pass, ending exile. Tea Tea-Horse Division official sources are the following: ① official sign official buying and transport method. Government regulations Hanzhong, Shaanxi, and Sichuan tea "tea bar," one official sign is no master sergeant from the tea plant, officials take eight tenths, and the remaining amount of tea lesson given by the government to buy, and to determine the age class tea twenty Hanzhong six jin, Sichuan, one hundred kilograms. Thus the Sichuan Boryeong (now langzhong), Kuizhou (now Fengjie) zoned as "Pakistan Tea" range patrol tea tea lesson by Shaanxi Censor management, "Pakistan Tea" outside Sichuan tea was transported by Sichuan tea salt Division management. The official government levy to buy tea, transported by governmental organization Human minutes drive to the various Tea-Horse Division, spent a lot of manpower and material resources, waste of resources, outweigh the benefits. ② Yun tea branch salt method. Ming Xuan Zongxuan Germany in the implementation of official transport of tea, while the salt issue cited by the government to support the JAC salt for reward, mobilize businessmen tea shipped to the northwest of the Sichuan Tea-Horse Division lead, but not for the tea trade. In the implementation process, many businessmen operating officer of tea false name, line of business of smuggling the real, not the tea to the tea-horse trade their own company and that the lack of official tea, buy a horse inconvenience, so orthodox first year (1436) Stop this method. ③ Zhao providers in Tea Act. Koji three years (1490), governor of Shaanxi and the Chief Chubang Zhao Handelsblatt in one hundred and four million kilograms of tea, tea Censor patrol went to the lead at the record, buy tea in the tea-producing area, go to Xining, River State, Tao State Tea-Horse Division, the official take four tenths of tea, I hear businessmen trafficking. This method allows the tea to get all tens of kilograms of tea Horse Division, the official tea growing inventory. But it allows traders to participate in a formal tea-horse trade and Han Nationality trade, the government in competition with traders often lost. Tea-Horse Division can not get enough horses and ordered a halt in fifteen years. But then, the official tea diminishing reserves, more difficult to buy a horse, so it was implemented in seventeen years. Ming Tsung Zhengde reign (1506) formally resumed this method, the rate of increase in the official commission, officials and businessmen to take on points, half tea with suppliers, make it from selling. Since then, the Government, the business who obtain easy to horses, good horses Jingui merchants. In the Ming Dynasty and Tibetan tea-horse trade officials and businessmen in the merchant finally defeated. The resulting tea Tea-Horse Division, in addition to sometimes call providers pay taxes to support tea or make tea merchant discount silver, to prepare for disaster relief storage side, the rest are all tea Yong Yu buy horses purposes. There are ways to buy a horse called barbarian sell horses branch Tea Act, Tea Act branch called Nama providers, and to require the tribes to sell the amount of gold annually poor horse horse horse branch way to buy tea based method. Therefore, the Ming Chinese and Tibetan tea-horse trade is the most developed period. "Since the gate towers, Li Ya duo arrived in Gan, ust possession, the line to the five thousand years of tea. Duguid mountain states were Western tribes who sold all their horses." Clear along the prescribed system is still the official tea of tea and suppliers. Its management systems and Ming Luetong. Officer tea in Shaanxi, Gansu, Ma Yi Chu edge. The Government _set_ up patrols in the northwest Censor five points in Xining, Tao state (in this MINXIAN), River State, Zhuanglanghe, Ganzhou (now in Lanzhou, Gansu) Tea-Horse Division, the official in charge of tea and tea-horse trade. Subsequently abolished Tea Horse censor, or send ministry staff, or keep a close watch so that the governor of Gansu, Shaanxi and Gansu Governor finally by the Official Chacha business. The early years of the Qing Dynasty Shunzhi provisions Yi Tea launched a hundred and twenty pounds, the horse an easy to nine pounds of tea, easy to dismount a tea seven pounds. Required official tea, still in imitation of the Ming Zhao providers Tea Act. Li Ji Shanxi, Shaanxi businessman said the East suppliers, traders said Hui Sai providers, are responsible for _set_ting overall supervision and responsibility bulk supplier Lesson satisfied (see merchants). Because of the Qing Dynasty in the previous generation of wide pastures, buy horses military significance gradually disappear. Kangxi after tea-horse trade, but the heel former story. Yi Ma in small quantities, and when the time is easy to stop, resulting in Tea-Horse Division tea growing inventory. To solve the inventory plot tea, tea received government sometimes will change the pay off, the soldiers sent to resell; sometimes the candidates qualities official tea merchants use three percent, two percent, or even all off silver nano officer. Qing emperors Yongzheng thirteen years (1735) to stop Yi Ma, Tea Horse Management Division has actually become the national trade organization. Kept by the official tea, or folding rates, or easy to pay, or call provider sales. Basically candidates to fold silver tea merchants, rarely levies tea. Xianfeng, Tongzhi years, Shaanxi and Gansu Hui uprising broke out, business people displaced, due to numerous classes. East and West courses, please recognize suppliers who have no argument, cited poor sales of tea. Tongzhi eleven years to recruit new business to go to trial in Gansu Please ticket line tea. Thirteen years of formal recruitment businessman went south Gansu, Hunan tea sales operation, called NCB. Thereafter 70% of Gansu's official tea hosted by NCB. Tea hosted by the government of Lanzhou Road. Law cited law reform vote, one vote to certain guidelines, depending on the merchant's capital stock to the ticket sales. Please vote Xianxiang Lanzhou Road, for the record, regardless of the provinces traders are beginning to make the first quasi-admittance to the positive class ticket, and I determined marketing place after paying taxes. Export of tea is another addition was completed in Border Agency determined taxes. Since then, the official tea Northwest region of Russia and export of tea, basically rests merchants operating, the official closing tax only. Manufacturers tea tea production in the southern provinces. Issued by the central Ministry cited tea, tea counties distribution sales. Where tea is also no less cited by local tea marketing class households were satisfied. Guangdong, Guangxi little tea, tea does not produce the northern provinces, are not awarded cited. Only merchants to pass through the territory of the landing taxes or money received slightly. Merchants with a total supplier and bulk suppliers, similar approaches and salt tea line method. General Chamber of Commerce scribe bulk supplier name, the total levy responsible Governor tea lessons, lessons satisfied casual trader buying lead line tea. Line Tea Individually given domain. In Sichuan, there are belly lead, while lead, earth lead of the points. Abdominal cited marketing mainland side lead marketing frontier, soil lead marketing toast. After the outbreak of the Taiping Rebellion, the southeastern provinces of tea per cent increase, tea donated to charge pay, issued to lead PCT, PCT tickets, donated tickets as evidence of trafficking. When the rise of its tea, or completeness satisfied by the merchants themselves, or on behalf of the tea contraband list. When sent to the Commission by the tea stall hand in its tax bill. With the deepening of economic aggression of imperialism, increasing trading ports (See commercial port), foreign purchases of tea in China also have formed a Hankou, Shanghai, Fuzhou, three tea market. Hankou brick multi-market exports to Russia; Shanghai market, Jiangxi, Anhui, red tea sold in the United States and Europe and more Shaoxing, Zhejiang tea lost to the United States, Ningbo tea exports to Japan; Fuzhou tea and more lost to the Americas and the South Pacific islands. Tea become China's major export goods. Foreign government procurement marketing bead tea tax levied only, not levy likin, merchants pay their tax rates than domestic likin lower. The late Qing Dynasty, scrap lead, PCT, donated three votes in favor of tax receipts to simplify procedures. Later on, the tea of tea ticket gradually lead. Where taxpayers provinces traders can get tickets distribution. Lee's government monopoly on tea gradually weakened, the private tea also mitigated punishment. Distribution of private tea, did not identify the official ending. Republic of China continue to practice counting method, which then lead to repeal vote, change levy sales tax.
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No. 2
Tea cited law Is a Song Dynasty tea monopoly law. "Tea cited" the merchants pay the tea tax, tea monopoly certificate obtained. Buy tea merchants in officialdom, to pay ten percent cited taxes, tea, tea counties issued guidelines cited by virtue of a tax exempt tea trafficking. The tea is cited, similar to modern proof of purchase and a tax certificate, but also with the nature of monopoly certificate. Tea is our history cited official lease issued to permit marketing tea merchants, tea, tea stall where the merchant ship shall be taxable 顀 guidelines, prepared according to inspection checkpoints _set_ angle release (Qing bear tea for each lead), Yuan Song Chongning (AD 1102) founded the "tea cited law" that apply to the official merchant 顀 "primer" to pay taxes after special "lead" into the Dasan buy tea, transported to the designated location sales, which is under the control of an official businessman patented approach, Yuan, Ming have adopted this approach. Various national systems of taxation and knock the ban on tea monopoly. China is the world's tea, tea earliest countries. Southern and Northern Dynasties, the South has generally tea, tea drinking habits are also prevalent across. But in the longer historical period, just as a tribute to the dedication of tea court. Tang Dynasty tea production to large-scale development, the formation of the People's tea culture in general, began to tax tea, knock tea, tea gradually establish Wanmi law system. Tang, Five Dynasties Tang Jianzhong tea tax began Dezong four years (783), one of ten tax from salt and iron transport to the competent tea service. Xing Yuan Dynasty (784) Gaiyuan amnesty stop levying tax on tea. Zhenyuan nine (793) complex tax tea in the tea-producing counties and Dasan foreign people to the road by _set_ting the tax field, divided into three ranks at a price of ten tax one, four hundred thousand years old have the money consistently, a national of a tea tax of important revenue. After Tangmu cases throne, but also by the world tea tax five tenths. Tang Wenzong Japan nine years (835), Wang Ya to make tea Zhudao Yantie transporter knock, knock beginning to change tax tea tea monopoly. So people move on officialdom tea planting, picking tea manufacturers in the bureaucracy, the old private piling up, all make incinerate all kinds of official civil service officials to sell. This law was against the government and the people curse sense of shame, immediately stop the waste. Open 1989 (836), Li Shih-relative, and restore the old system Zhenyuan, tithes levied on tea. After the Tang Emperor ascended the throne, knock tea monopoly system before _set_ting up: "to make people aware of the official tea-tax discount to buy, people dare not send hiding vend official and private traders were confiscated." All official bribed by tea and then sold to traders, merchants and levied heavy taxes. In addition to live merchants pay taxes, a tax, but also to pay for accommodation tax "fallen to money." Tang, tea, French and Japanese secret, private sale and severely punish tax evasion private tea. Tang Xuanzong times more per kilogram of tea to raise taxes five money, that the "leftover tea money." Tea has become a staple tax income countries. But with the formation of the military governorship, local tax revenue and more tea was trapped separatist regime, the Central Government are the same. Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, the National disintergrating, Tea Act no longer uniform. Southern tea producing regions such as the Southern Tang Shu separatist regime and the implementation of knock tea monopoly; Hunan province is listening to the people picking, allowed to sell in the north, _set_ back diagram Service, impose high tax on tea. Five Dynasties and Northern countries, because they do not produce tea, tea leaves are required input from the south of the JAC, _set_ yard levy business tax. Song Sung tea growing Wanmi law, and the establishment of a tea monopoly system. Song, the central part and three Division Yantie capital goods traffic management tea knock administration, after YuanFeng restructuring by the Ministry of the Gold Division, too Prefecture Temple knock cargo traffic management tea governance. Southern Song Dynasty, from directly under the central line (Lin'an government, now Hangzhou) knock cargo services, all other management tea plantation and tea monopoly interest income. Ban tea areas, the central government or local officials keep a close watch directly send tea governance. Huizong chongning later, they _set_ the level of salt in the road lifting tea company, in charge of the brightest political tea. Song Tea Act and knock at the two trade ban. There are strict ban on trade and knock-line tea regional, cross-border and prohibitions, exit penalty. Trade, namely the tax levied on households and tea merchant business tax, permit free trade. Guangdong and Guangxi tea rarely been implemented trade, Shu in Xining seven years (1074) Prior to implement trade also are forbidden from leaving the country. Southeast region SongRenZong Jiayou four years (1059) to Huizong Jianzhong Yasukuni first year (1101) was once trade, imposed tea tax. Knock ban, also known as Monopoly. Upcoming tea _set_ designed household residence, said the tenants, lost rental tax, converted with tea, the official amount given lesson, advance capital, more than the amount of tea and extra tea, all according to the official price of buying, selling may not be private. Official monopoly and the resulting tea sold to merchants, to obtain high profits. Fresh tea civilian individual areas, once sales by the local government. Southeast knock tea was originally practiced law cited pay. Conduit brought in two years (964) beginning knock tea, followed by another in Huainan largest tea producing Qi (now Hubei qichun), yellow (now Hubei Huanggang), Lu (now Anhui Hefei), light (Henan Huangchuan) Shu (now Anhui Anqing), life (now Shou County, Anhui) Thirteen build six states, along tea distribution center in Gangneung House (now Hubei Jiangling), real state (now Jiangsu Yizheng), Haizhou (now Jiangsu Lianyungang), Hanyang Army (now Hubei Wuhan Hanyang), inaction Army (now Wuwei) and Qi Qi mouth _set_ six states knock goods business. All around the bribed official tea concentrated in thirteen games and six knock cargo services, unified offering. Make goods merchant payment services in the capital and along the knock knock cargo traffic tea money, or satisfied northwest border into forage, liberally discount, coupons distributed text, called cross-cited, with thirteen field and lead to knock cargo traffic along the river to collect the fixed Tea Trafficking betrayed. Subsequently businessman manipulating food prices, loss country courses, and receive cross border residents cited after he could not lead to the southeast of tea, had the lead at a cheap price to pay to sell the capital to pay cited shop, much exploitation, so reluctant to join the Carolina forage collection delivery lead, causing hard to implement cross-cited law. Taizong once implemented after the shot stick method. And even if the official is satisfied businessman buying and selling stickers catty tea should net interest money, with the merchant requires prospective tenants to buy their tea to sell, so there is a sticker shot name. But must chariot tea into the officer, to coupons for the test, to prevent bootlegging. If the paste-year-old shot entirely, or no stickers shot, still the official buying. Tenants lose expired less than satisfied, taking into account the negative income as businessmen. Post-injection method to avoid all sorts of expenses businessman manipulating the price of tea ills and transportation officials Buying and selling tea, available official trading net. But it makes traders only buy tea, tea can only be bought by the poor quality of bad rulers, the same loss tea benefits, it is only in Taizong Chunhua four years (993) from February to July in the Southeast region, the first year to the day Saint CLASSICS three years (1023 - 1025) was implemented in Huainan area, shall be annulled. As the cross-shot lead law and paste method have their drawbacks, loss national class interest, four were abolished southeast CLASSICS Jiayou knock tea Rescinding the Prohibition trade. Huizong chongning first year (1102), Cai Jing Tea recovery in Southeast knock on cross-shot lead law and paste method, go on benefits and disadvantages, diverted tea cited law. Government abolished the official buying and selling tea, so tea merchants to knock Imperial counties or services to buy goods cited, with lead tenants went to buy tea tea counties contract field scale development, test lead, seal, according to the specified time, location and quantity sold. Long and short of arguments cited cited. Long lead marketing off-road, the deadline for one year; short lead marketing this way, the deadline season. Tea cited method to get rid of the official dealing directly operated tea drawbacks, giving merchants and farmers a degree of freedom of trading rights to mobilize the tea producers and operators of intrinsic motivation is conducive to tea production, circulation and increase national tea Lesson income, so the final song of the world, cited law does not change. Song Shu knock tea, in line Tea Ancestor Xining years Marfa. _Set_ in Chengdu Grand Tea-Horse Division main lifting its governance. Counties that buy tea plantation, all the people buying tea directly from the official tea transported to Hee (now Gansu Lintao), Qin (now Gansu Tianshui) sell tea plantation and other places to buy a horse farm; or church official in Sichuan, buy tea merchant, tea-producing counties sent a long lead, each cited by the price of tea taxes levied cited tenth of a tax exemption, transported to Xi Qin sell selling tea plantation and other regions to buy a horse farm. Tea plantation and then sell them to buy a horse farm and then tea and exchanged horses or sell minority ethnic groups, tea benefits for border funding. Buy Sichuan border minority horses, also implemented the tea-horse method. Meanwhile official also use the monopoly supply of tea southwest, northwest of minorities, as a means controlled substances Yu minorities. Marketing Sichuan China tea, tea plantation will be bought by the tenants to buy tea, taking interest rates three tenths, sold directly to merchants, traders allowed four rows River Gorge tea filling civilian food, but not transactions with minorities. Gaozong Jianyan years (1128) and the abolition of the marketing Zhao opened Sichuan mainland official buying and selling tea, tea lead line method, allowing traders to buy leads prospective tenants to buy tea sold. Thus, in addition to the required method of Tea Tea Horse still the official buying and selling, the rest are implemented tea trader buy sell their monopoly system. Song of the tea monopoly system has been quite complete. Any violation of the terms of the cited Act, would be subject to confiscation of goods and tea, bamboo cane, crutches, Acts, the penalty stream. Tea cited forgery gang holding the rod and private tea trade, met the rebels to death lawsuit escapement catch. No tea Xu cited private person arrest report, the lawsuit to reward. Officials illegal favoritism, but also according to the law of sin. This tea monopoly system has greatly increased state revenues, but also solve the horses sources for the maintenance of two Song Dynasty political, economic and military interests have played an important role, it is the continuation and development of future generations of feudal dynasty. Kim Jin northern domination, tea imports from the Southern Song Dynasty, in order to avoid "charges and owned by the enemy country" on the smuggled tea and tea are strict controls. An order of three cases of Gold (1198), who _set_ Bureaucracy tea, failed strike. The following year in Caizhou (Henan Ru'nan) and other four states each new tea _set_ made official Frank, according to Song catty bag, $ 6 Man, life Shandong, Hebei Road transport company according to its number of bags are the brightest account With sales in China. Cited by traders to buy, satisfied that money and folding objects, each according to its will. Taihe five years (1205) Dismissed made tea house, tea is still entirely dependent on the South input. Officials subsequently prescribed more than seven items before eating tea, but not private sale and gift offerings. The depositary should save the tea, according to weight impunity. It also provides that in addition to salt, silk brocade silk may not be used with other objects Song Bo Yi tea. Jin Xuanzong million light years (1223), because of the state's financial difficulties, re_set_ tea ban provisions prince, princess and current Wupinyishang officials promised tea party, they shall not betray and private gifts to others, offenders sentenced to five years in prison, denounced Baoquan ten thousand reward those who consistently. Yuan Yuan Xing Yu Mobei, no shortage of horses, horse law repealed tea, tea cited the implementation of a unified law. Head of the Central households nationwide tea service, tea and home-made salt and other printed and printed tea cited arguments. Official in Jiangzhou (now Jiangxi Jiujiang) are _set_ to knock tea transit division, total JAC, Jinghu, Foreground tax. In the tea-producing region located knock tea or tea salt transport company transport company, to _set_ up knock tea tea lifting Secretary knock tea and tea laboratories approved by the Bureau and other agencies, according to sell bulk cited, rules do country lessons. India cited the Ministry of the Lord, where the main selling tea service agency cited levies. Abolition of the long lead special short lead, nine pounds of tea per meter lead. Where traders sell tea, cited must pay taxes, buy tea in designated mountain farm. Cited by the outside have tea every nine pounds of tea by the meter, later changed to a total of ten pounds to three pounds, in order to sell tea by zero. Businessman With cited by Yun sell. Tea had not approved inspection of premises for examination who stick seventies, selling is not completed within three days to go to pay the lawsuit cited subheading, stick sixty. Businessman turn lead with tea, alter font size, adding entrainment pounds heavier, cited not with tea, tea grinding households do not follow the guidelines, the entrainment of selling, transported tea master informed travel entrainment, according to private tea impunity. Where to commit the tea stick seventy, no official tea half and half paid informant charge reward. Tea cited by the fake tea by cutting off confiscate possessions charge paid informant reward. Ban lawsuit lax, resulting in a private tea has occurred, crime and officials. Its tea lesson rates, early modern light, Khan Yuan thirteen years (1276), cited the closing of each note four money two farthings, tea tax levied nationwide, but more than 1,200 pounds. Raise taxes in subsequent years, Yuan Ren Yan Woo seven years (1320), cited taxed every twelve twenty-five money, national tea lesson has reached over two hundred eighty-nine thousand two hundred pounds. Forty years, nearly three times the increase of tea lesson. Obviously, head toward the central national tea service users, to determine the amount of lessons, and _set_ to punish private inspection Censor tea; Let the tea tax division, Tea-Horse Division handled levies and buy horses; design approved test laboratories to check the authenticity of the lead. Tea Act of its official supplier of tea and tea. Levies knock tea trader said tea, storage side Yi Ma said the official tea. Manufacturers tea in the south, the official tea in Hanzhong, Shaanxi and Sichuan regions. Allowing traders to buy tea trader cited trafficking, officials must ensure that the tea needs to buy a horse. Manufacturers tea are implemented cited law. Central Ministry cited the tea producing tea counties pay sales. Where to buy tea merchant, went to the official notification by selling pounds heavier line tea areas cited satisfied that money, promised to buy tea tea household goods sold abroad. Each cited tea a hundred pounds less than a lead, that the fractional, separately tea by Xu Xing Tea six pounds. Official tea regional distance by line, in order to process a given limit, depending on the test batch after batch of test cases will be cited by the cut-off angle, no entrainment party promised release. Tea and lead must go hand in hand, there is no argument tea, extra entrainment by private tea Offences, Xu accused of fishing. No tea households cited the tea sold by the businessman who chase times the original price not official. Businessman selling tea in the tea shipped to, the need to press thirty Tax Division Division take a pay sales tax. Maicha completed, namely the original to lead from the lawsuit to pay the counties where the lead, the former marshal laboratories approved, the Department of the Ministry of check-off solution. If you do not pay cited by expiration, batch inspection cited the tea trade names identified on a quarterly basis consistent site, cited by number, turn the seat to monitor the censor Justice Xunan recovered questions, send Ministry canceled. Sichuan tea suppliers, the government also according to different sales targets, scope, and quality of tea, the traditional system of law and supply relationships, will lead into the tea and ventral sides cited cited. Lead marketing side now Sichuan Ganzi and Aba, Qinghai and other Tibetan areas and the West Golog, abdominal cited marketing mainland, forming a river of tea "on both sides of a belly" argument shore system. Official tea storage side is the focus of the Ming Ma Yi Tea Act. "State government heavy horse, so strict Tea Act," Tea-Horse Division _set_ its political master. Has the government _set_ Qinzhou (later moved to Xining), River State (now Gansu Linxia), Tao (now Lintan), Zhuanglanghe (now Gansu Yeongdeungpo), Minzhou (now MINXIAN), Yongning (now Sichuan xuyong), Ya-state gate towers (now Sichuan Vincent) Tea-Horse Division, and Xining, River State, Tao states, towers doors Tea-Horse Division as the main tea-horse trade organizations, monopoly and Tibetan tea-horse trade. Government and the smuggling of tea northwest, southwest minority areas are very strict precautions, sent officials to inspect regularly pass, catch a private tea. Tea exit and pass the private oversight, are very heavy penalties. Ming Hongwu three years (1397), consort Commandery Ouyang Lun transported by a private tea to Shaanxi River State, it was Prince Fuzhu, tea goods confiscated. To the Ming emperors Jiajing, only extenuating personal fan of tea pass, ending exile. Tea Tea-Horse Division official sources are the following: ① official sign official buying and transport method. Government regulations Hanzhong, Shaanxi, and Sichuan tea "tea bar," one official sign is no master sergeant from the tea plant, officials take eight tenths, and the remaining amount of tea lesson given by the government to buy, and to determine the age class tea twenty Hanzhong six jin, Sichuan, one hundred kilograms. Thus the Sichuan Boryeong (now langzhong), Kuizhou (now Fengjie) zoned as "Pakistan Tea" range patrol tea tea lesson by Shaanxi Censor management, "Pakistan Tea" outside Sichuan tea was transported by Sichuan tea salt Division management. The official government levy to buy tea, transported by governmental organization Human minutes drive to the various Tea-Horse Division, spent a lot of manpower and material resources, waste of resources, outweigh the benefits. ② Yun tea branch salt method. Ming Xuan Zongxuan Germany in the implementation of official transport of tea, while the salt issue cited by the government to support the JAC salt for reward, mobilize businessmen tea shipped to the northwest of the Sichuan Tea-Horse Division lead, but not for the tea trade. In the implementation process, many businessmen operating officer of tea false name, line of business of smuggling the real, not the tea to the tea-horse trade their own company and that the lack of official tea, buy a horse inconvenience, so orthodox first year (1436) Stop this method. ③ Zhao providers in Tea Act. Koji three years (1490), governor of Shaanxi and the Chief Chubang Zhao Handelsblatt in one hundred and four million kilograms of tea, tea Censor patrol went to the lead at the record, buy tea in the tea-producing area, go to Xining, River State, Tao State Tea-Horse Division, the official take four tenths of tea, I hear businessmen trafficking. This method allows the tea to get all tens of kilograms of tea Horse Division, the official tea growing inventory. But it allows traders to participate in a formal tea-horse trade and Han Nationality trade, the government in competition with traders often lost. Tea-Horse Division can not get enough horses and ordered a halt in fifteen years. But then, the official tea diminishing reserves, more difficult to buy a horse, so it was implemented in seventeen years. Ming Tsung Zhengde reign (1506) formally resumed this method, the rate of increase in the official commission, officials and businessmen to take on points, half tea with suppliers, make it from selling. Since then, the Government, the business who obtain easy to horses, good horses Jingui merchants. In the Ming Dynasty and Tibetan tea-horse trade officials and businessmen in the merchant finally defeated. The resulting tea Tea-Horse Division, in addition to sometimes call providers pay taxes to support tea or make tea merchant discount silver, to prepare for disaster relief storage side, the rest are all tea Yong Yu buy horses purposes. There are ways to buy a horse called barbarian sell horses branch Tea Act, Tea Act branch called Nama providers, and to require the tribes to sell the amount of gold annually poor horse horse horse branch way to buy tea based method. Therefore, the Ming Chinese and Tibetan tea-horse trade is the most developed period. "Since the gate towers, Li Ya duo arrived in Gan, ust possession, the line to the five thousand years of tea. Duguid mountain states were Western tribes who sold all their horses." Clear along the prescribed system is still the official tea of tea and suppliers. Its management systems and Ming Luetong. Officer tea in Shaanxi, Gansu, Ma Yi Chu edge. The Government _set_ up patrols in the northwest Censor five points in Xining, Tao state (in this MINXIAN), River State, Zhuanglanghe, Ganzhou (now in Lanzhou, Gansu) Tea-Horse Division, the official in charge of tea and tea-horse trade. Subsequently abolished Tea Horse censor, or send ministry staff, or keep a close watch so that the governor of Gansu, Shaanxi and Gansu Governor finally by the Official Chacha business. The early years of the Qing Dynasty Shunzhi provisions Yi Tea launched a hundred and twenty pounds, the horse an easy to nine pounds of tea, easy to dismount a tea seven pounds. Required official tea, still in imitation of the Ming Zhao providers Tea Act. Li Ji Shanxi, Shaanxi businessman said the East suppliers, traders said Hui Sai providers, are responsible for _set_ting overall supervision and responsibility bulk supplier Lesson satisfied (see merchants). Because of the Qing Dynasty in the previous generation of wide pastures, buy horses military significance gradually disappear. Kangxi after tea-horse trade, but the heel former story. Yi Ma in small quantities, and when the time is easy to stop, resulting in Tea-Horse Division tea growing inventory. To solve the inventory plot tea, tea received government sometimes will change the pay off, the soldiers sent to resell; sometimes the candidates qualities official tea merchants use three percent, two percent, or even all off silver nano officer. Qing emperors Yongzheng thirteen years (1735) to stop Yi Ma, Tea Horse Management Division has actually become the national trade organization. Kept by the official tea, or folding rates, or easy to pay, or call provider sales. Basically candidates to fold silver tea merchants, rarely levies tea. Xianfeng, Tongzhi years, Shaanxi and Gansu Hui uprising broke out, business people displaced, due to numerous classes. East and West courses, please recognize suppliers who have no argument, cited poor sales of tea. Tongzhi eleven years to recruit new business to go to trial in Gansu Please ticket line tea. Thirteen years of formal recruitment businessman went south Gansu, Hunan tea sales operation, called NCB. Thereafter 70% of Gansu's official tea hosted by NCB. Tea hosted by the government of Lanzhou Road. Law cited law reform vote, one vote to certain guidelines, depending on the merchant's capital stock to the ticket sales. Please vote Xianxiang Lanzhou Road, for the record, regardless of the provinces traders are beginning to make the first quasi-admittance to the positive class ticket, and I determined marketing place after paying taxes. Export of tea is another addition was completed in Border Agency determined taxes. Since then, the official tea Northwest region of Russia and export of tea, basically rests merchants operating, the official closing tax only. Manufacturers tea tea production in the southern provinces. Issued by the central Ministry cited tea, tea counties distribution sales. Where tea is also no less cited by local tea marketing class households were satisfied. Guangdong, Guangxi little tea, tea does not produce the northern provinces, are not awarded cited. Only merchants to pass through the territory of the landing taxes or money received slightly. Merchants with a total supplier and bulk suppliers, similar approaches and salt tea line method. General Chamber of Commerce scribe bulk supplier name, the total levy responsible Governor tea lessons, lessons satisfied casual trader buying lead line tea. Line Tea Individually given domain. In Sichuan, there are belly lead, while lead, earth lead of the points. Abdominal cited marketing mainland side lead marketing frontier, soil lead marketing toast. After the outbreak of the Taiping Rebellion, the southeastern provinces of tea per cent increase, tea donated to charge pay, issued to lead PCT, PCT tickets, donated tickets as evidence of trafficking. When the rise of its tea, or completeness satisfied by the merchants themselves, or on behalf of the tea contraband list. When sent to the Commission by the tea stall hand in its tax bill. With the deepening of economic aggression of imperialism, increasing trading ports (See commercial port), foreign purchases of tea in China also have formed a Hankou, Shanghai, Fuzhou, three tea market. Hankou brick multi-market exports to Russia; Shanghai market, Jiangxi, Anhui, red tea sold in the United States and Europe and more Shaoxing, Zhejiang tea lost to the United States, Ningbo tea exports to Japan; Fuzhou tea and more lost to the Americas and the South Pacific islands. Tea become China's major export goods. Foreign government procurement marketing bead tea tax levied only, not levy likin, merchants pay their tax rates than domestic likin lower. The late Qing Dynasty, scrap lead, PCT, donated three votes in favor of tax receipts to simplify procedures. Later on, the tea of tea ticket gradually lead. Where taxpayers provinces traders can get tickets distribution. Lee's government monopoly on tea gradually weakened, the private tea also mitigated punishment. Distribution of private tea, did not identify the official ending. Republic of China continue to practice counting method, which then lead to repeal vote, change levy sales tax.
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Brief introduction
Tea cited the Song Dynasty tea monopoly law is a law. "Tea cited" the merchants pay the tea tax, tea monopoly certificate obtained. Buy tea merchants in officialdom, to pay ten percent cited taxes, tea, tea counties issued guidelines cited by virtue of a tax exempt tea trafficking. The tea is cited, similar to modern proof of purchase and a tax certificate, but also with the nature of monopoly certificate. Tea is our history cited official lease issued to permit marketing tea merchants, tea, tea stall where the merchant ship shall be taxable 顀 guidelines, prepared according to inspection checkpoints _set_ angle release (Qing bear tea for each lead), Yuan Song Chongning (AD 1102) founded the "tea cited law" that apply to the official merchant 顀 "primer" to pay taxes after special "lead" into the Dasan buy tea, transported to the designated location sales, which is under the control of an official businessman patented approach, Yuan, Ming have adopted this approach. Various national systems of taxation and knock the ban on tea monopoly. China is the world's tea, tea earliest countries. Southern and Northern Dynasties, the South has generally tea, tea drinking habits are also prevalent across. But in the longer historical period, just as a tribute to the dedication of tea court. Tang Dynasty tea production to large-scale development, the formation of the People's tea culture in general, began to tax tea, knock tea, tea gradually establish Wanmi law system.
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Developing
Tang, Five Dynasties Tang Jianzhong tea tax began Dezong four years (783), one of ten tax from salt and iron transport to the competent tea service. Xing Yuan Dynasty (784) Gaiyuan amnesty stop levying tax on tea. Zhenyuan nine (793) complex tax tea in the tea-producing counties and Dasan foreign people to the road by _set_ting the tax field, divided into three ranks at a price of ten tax one, four hundred thousand years old have the money consistently, a national of a tea tax of important revenue. After Tangmu cases throne, but also by the world tea tax five tenths. Tang Wenzong Japan nine years (835), Wang Ya to make tea Zhudao Yantie transporter knock, knock beginning to change tax tea tea monopoly. So people move on officialdom tea planting, picking tea manufacturers in the bureaucracy, the old private piling up, all make incinerate all kinds of official civil service officials to sell. This law was against the government and the people curse sense of shame, immediately stop the waste. Open 1989 (836), Li Shih-relative, and restore the old system Zhenyuan, tithes levied on tea. After the Tang Emperor ascended the throne, knock tea monopoly system before _set_ting up: "to make people aware of the official tea-tax discount to buy, people dare not send hiding vend official and private traders were confiscated." All official bribed by tea and then sold to traders, merchants and levied heavy taxes. In addition to live merchants pay taxes, a tax, but also to pay for accommodation tax "fallen to money." Tang, tea, French and Japanese secret, private sale and severely punish tax evasion private tea. Tang Xuanzong times more per kilogram of tea to raise taxes five money, that the "leftover tea money." Tea has become a staple tax income countries. But with the formation of the military governorship, local tax revenue and more tea was trapped separatist regime, the Central Government are the same. Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, the National disintergrating, Tea Act no longer uniform. Southern tea producing regions such as the Southern Tang Shu separatist regime and the implementation of knock tea monopoly; Hunan province is listening to the people picking, allowed to sell in the north, _set_ back diagram Service, impose high tax on tea. Five Dynasties and Northern countries, because they do not produce tea, tea leaves are required input from south JAC, _set_ yard levy business tax. Song Sung tea growing Wanmi law, and the establishment of a tea monopoly system. Song, the central part and three Division Yantie capital goods traffic management tea knock administration, after YuanFeng restructuring by the Ministry of the Gold Division, too Prefecture Temple knock cargo traffic management tea governance. Southern Song Dynasty, from directly under the central line (Lin'an government, now Hangzhou) knock cargo services, all other management tea plantation and tea monopoly interest income. Ban tea areas, the central government or local officials keep a close watch directly send tea governance. Huizong chongning later, they _set_ the level of salt in the road lifting tea company, in charge of the brightest political tea. Song Tea Act and knock at the two trade ban. There are strict ban on trade and knock-line tea regional, cross-border and prohibitions, exit penalty. Trade, namely the tax levied on households and tea merchant business tax, permit free trade. Guangdong and Guangxi tea rarely been implemented trade, Shu in Xining seven years (1074) before the implementation of trade also are forbidden from leaving the country. Southeast region SongRenZong Jiayou four years (1059) to Huizong Jianzhong Yasukuni first year (1101) was once trade, imposed tea tax. Knock ban, also known as Monopoly. Upcoming tea _set_ designed household residence, said the tenants, lost rental tax, converted with tea, the official amount given lesson, advance capital, more than the amount of tea and extra tea, all according to the official price of buying, selling may not be private. Official monopoly and the resulting tea sold to merchants, to obtain high profits. Fresh tea civilian individual areas, once sales by the local government. Southeast knock tea was originally practiced law cited pay. Conduit brought in two years (964) beginning knock tea, followed by another in Huainan largest tea producing Qi (now Hubei qichun), yellow (now Hubei Huanggang), Lu (now Anhui Hefei), light (Henan Huangchuan) Shu (now Anhui Anqing), life (now Shou County, Anhui) Thirteen build six states, along tea distribution center in Gangneung House (now Hubei Jiangling), real state (now Jiangsu Yizheng), Haizhou (now Jiangsu Lianyungang), Hanyang Army (now Hubei Wuhan Hanyang), inaction Army (now Wuwei) and Qi Qi mouth _set_ six states knock goods business. All around the bribed official tea concentrated in thirteen games and six knock cargo services, unified offering. Make goods merchant payment services in the capital and along the knock knock cargo traffic tea money, or satisfied northwest border into forage, liberally discount, coupons distributed text, called cross-cited, with thirteen field and lead to knock cargo traffic along the river to collect the fixed Tea Trafficking betrayed. Subsequently businessman manipulating food prices, loss country courses, and receive cross border residents cited after he could not lead to the southeast of tea, had the lead at a cheap price to pay to sell the capital to pay cited shop, much exploitation, so reluctant to join the Carolina forage collection delivery lead, causing hard to implement cross-cited law. Taizong once implemented after the shot stick method. And even if the official is satisfied businessman buying and selling stickers catty tea should net interest money, with the merchant requires prospective tenants to buy their tea to sell, so there is a sticker shot name. But must chariot tea into the officer, to coupons for the test, to prevent bootlegging. If the paste-year-old shot entirely, or no stickers shot, still the official buying. Tenants lose expired less than satisfied, taking into account the negative income as businessmen. Post-injection method to avoid all sorts of expenses businessman manipulating the price of tea ills and transportation officials Buying and selling tea, available official trading net. But it makes traders only buy tea, tea can only be bought by the poor quality of bad rulers, the same loss tea benefits, it is only in Taizong Chunhua four years (993) from February to July in the Southeast region, the first year to the day Saint CLASSICS three years (1023 - 1025) was implemented in Huainan area, shall be annulled. As the cross-shot lead law and paste method have their drawbacks, loss national class interest, four were abolished southeast CLASSICS Jiayou knock tea Rescinding the Prohibition trade. Huizong chongning first year (1102), Cai Jing Tea recovery in Southeast knock on cross-shot lead law and paste method, go on benefits and disadvantages, diverted tea cited law. Government abolished the official buying and selling tea, so tea merchants to knock Imperial counties or services to buy goods cited, with lead tenants went to buy tea tea counties contract field scale development, test lead, seal, according to the specified time, location and quantity sold. Long and short of arguments cited cited. Long lead marketing off-road, the deadline for one year; short lead marketing this way, the deadline season. Tea cited method to get rid of the official dealing directly operated tea drawbacks, giving merchants and farmers a degree of freedom of trading rights to mobilize the tea producers and operators of intrinsic motivation is conducive to tea production, circulation and increase national tea Lesson income, so the final song of the world, cited law does not change. Song Shu knock tea, in line Tea Ancestor Xining years Marfa. _Set_ in Chengdu Grand Tea-Horse Division main lifting its governance. Counties that buy tea plantation, all the people buying tea directly from the official tea transported to Hee (now Gansu Lintao), Qin (now Gansu Tianshui) sell tea plantation and other places to buy a horse farm; or church official in Sichuan, buy tea merchant, tea-producing counties sent a long lead, each cited by the price of tea taxes levied cited tenth of a tax exemption, transported to Xi Qin sell selling tea plantation and other regions to buy a horse farm. Tea plantation and then sell them to buy a horse farm and then tea and exchanged horses or sell minority ethnic groups, tea benefits for border funding. Buy Sichuan border minority horses, also implemented the tea-horse method. Meanwhile official also use the monopoly supply of tea southwest, northwest of minorities, as a means controlled substances Yu minorities. Marketing Sichuan China tea, tea plantation will be bought by the tenants to buy tea, taking interest rates three tenths, sold directly to merchants, traders allowed four rows River Gorge tea filling civilian food, but not transactions with minorities. Gaozong Jianyan years (1128) and the abolition of the marketing Zhao opened Sichuan mainland official buying and selling tea, tea lead line method, allowing traders to buy leads prospective tenants to buy tea sold. Thus, in addition to the required method of Tea Tea Horse still the official buying and selling, the rest are implemented tea trader buy sell their monopoly system. Song of the tea monopoly system has been quite complete. Any violation of the terms of the cited Act, would be subject to confiscation of goods and tea, bamboo cane, crutches, Acts, the penalty stream. Tea cited forgery gang holding the rod and private tea trade, met the rebels to death lawsuit escapement catch. No tea Xu cited private person arrest report, the lawsuit to reward. Officials illegal favoritism, but also according to the law of sin. This tea monopoly system has greatly increased state revenues, but also solve the horses sources for the maintenance of two Song Dynasty political, economic and military interests have played an important role, it is the continuation and development of future generations of feudal dynasty. Kim Jin northern domination, tea imports from the Southern Song Dynasty, in order to avoid "charges and owned by the enemy country" on the smuggled tea and tea are strict controls. An order of three cases of Gold (1198), who _set_ Bureaucracy tea, failed strike. The following year in Caizhou (Henan Ru'nan) and other four states each new tea _set_ made official Frank, according to Song catty bag, $ 6 Man, life Shandong, Hebei Road transport company according to its number of bags are the brightest account With sales in China. Cited by traders to buy, satisfied that money and folding objects, each according to its will. Taihe five years (1205) Dismissed made tea house, tea is still entirely dependent on the South input. Officials subsequently prescribed more than seven items before eating tea, but not private sale and gift offerings. The depositary should save the tea, according to weight impunity. It also provides that in addition to salt, silk brocade silk may not be used with other objects Song Bo Yi tea. Jin Xuanzong million light years (1223), because of the state's financial difficulties, re_set_ tea ban provisions prince, princess and current Wupinyishang officials promised tea party, they shall not betray and private gifts to others, offenders sentenced to five years in prison, denounced Baoquan ten thousand reward those who consistently. Yuan Yuan Xing Yu Mobei, no shortage of horses, horse law repealed tea, tea implement unified cited law. Head of the Central households nationwide tea service, tea and home-made salt and other printed and printed tea cited cited. Official in Jiangzhou (now Jiangxi Jiujiang) are _set_ to knock tea transit division, total JAC, Jinghu, Foreground tax. In the tea-producing region located knock tea or tea salt transport company transport company, to _set_ up knock tea tea lifting Secretary knock tea and tea laboratories approved by the Bureau and other agencies, according to sell bulk cited, rules do country lessons. India cited the Ministry of the Lord, where the main selling tea service agency cited levies. Abolition of the long lead special short lead, nine pounds of tea per meter lead. Where traders sell tea, cited must pay taxes, buy tea in designated mountain farm. Cited by the outside have tea every nine pounds of tea by the meter, later changed to a total of ten pounds to three pounds, in order to sell tea by zero. Businessman With cited by Yun sell. Tea had not approved inspection of premises for examination who stick seventies, selling is not completed within three days to go to pay the lawsuit cited subheading, stick sixty. Businessman turn lead with tea, alter font size, adding entrainment pounds heavier, cited not with tea, tea grinding households do not follow the guidelines, the entrainment of selling, transported tea master informed travel entrainment, according to private tea impunity. Where to commit the tea stick seventy, no official tea half and half paid informant charge reward. Tea cited by the fake tea by cutting off confiscate possessions charge paid informant reward. Ban lawsuit lax, resulting in a private tea has occurred, crime and officials. Its tea lesson rates, early modern light, Khan Yuan thirteen years (1276), cited the closing of each note four money two farthings, tea tax levied nationwide, but more than 1,200 pounds. After gradually increasing tax rates, Yuan Ren Yan Woo seven years (1320), each cited taxed twelve twenty-five money, national tea lesson has reached over two hundred eighty-nine thousand two hundred pounds. Forty years, nearly three times the increase of tea lesson. Obviously, head toward the central national tea service users, to determine the amount of lessons, and _set_ to punish private inspection Censor tea; Let the tea tax division, Tea-Horse Division handled levies and buy horses; design approved test laboratories to check the authenticity of the lead. Tea Act of its official supplier of tea and tea. Levies knock tea trader said tea, storage side Yi Ma said the official tea. Manufacturers tea in the south, the official tea in Hanzhong, Shaanxi and Sichuan regions. Allowing traders to buy tea trader cited trafficking, officials must ensure that the tea needs to buy a horse. Manufacturers tea are implemented cited law. Central Ministry cited the tea producing tea counties pay sales. Where to buy tea merchant, went to the official notification by selling pounds heavier line tea areas cited satisfied that money, promised to buy tea tea household goods sold abroad. Each cited tea a hundred pounds less than a lead, that the fractional, separately tea by Xu Xing Tea six pounds. Official tea regional distance by line, in order to process a given limit, depending on the test batch after batch of test cases will be cited by the cut-off angle, no entrainment party promised release. Tea and lead must go hand in hand, there is no argument tea, extra entrainment by private tea Offences, Xu accused of fishing. No tea households cited the tea sold by the businessman who chase times the original price not official. Businessman selling tea in the tea shipped to, the need to press thirty Tax Division Division take a pay sales tax. Maicha completed, namely the original to lead from the lawsuit to pay the counties where the lead, the former marshal laboratories approved, the Department of the Ministry of check-off solution. If you do not pay cited by expiration, batch inspection cited the tea trade names identified on a quarterly basis consistent site, cited by number, turn the seat to monitor the censor Justice Xunan recovered questions, send Ministry canceled. Sichuan tea suppliers, the government also according to different sales targets, scope, and quality of tea, the traditional system of law and supply relationships, will lead into the tea and ventral sides cited cited. Lead marketing side now Sichuan Ganzi and Aba, Qinghai and other Tibetan areas and the West Golog, abdominal cited marketing mainland, forming a river of tea "on both sides of a belly" argument shore system. Official tea storage side is the focus of the Ming Ma Yi Tea Act. "State government heavy horse, so strict Tea Act," Tea-Horse Division _set_ its political master. Has the government _set_ Qinzhou (later moved to Xining), River State (now Gansu Linxia), Tao (now Lintan), Zhuanglanghe (now Gansu Yeongdeungpo), Minzhou (now MINXIAN), Yongning (now Sichuan xuyong), Ya-state gate towers (now Sichuan Vincent) Tea-Horse Division, and Xining, River State, Tao states, towers doors Tea-Horse Division as the main tea-horse trade organizations, monopoly and Tibetan tea-horse trade. Government and the smuggling of tea northwest, southwest minority areas are very strict precautions, sent officials to inspect regularly pass, catch a private tea. Tea exit and pass the private oversight, are very heavy penalties. Ming Hongwu three years (1397), consort Commandery Ouyang Lun transported by a private tea to Shaanxi River State, it was Prince Fuzhu, tea goods confiscated. To the Ming emperors Jiajing, only extenuating personal fan of tea pass, ending exile. Tea Tea-Horse Division official sources are the following: ① official sign official buying and transport method. Government regulations Hanzhong, Shaanxi, and Sichuan tea "tea bar," one official sign is no master sergeant from the tea plant, officials take eight tenths, and the remaining amount of tea lesson given by the government to buy, and to determine the age class tea twenty Hanzhong six jin, Sichuan, one hundred kilograms. Thus the Sichuan Boryeong (now langzhong), Kuizhou (now Fengjie) zoned as "Pakistan Tea" range patrol tea tea lesson by Shaanxi Censor management, "Pakistan Tea" outside Sichuan tea was transported by Sichuan tea salt Division management. The official government levy to buy tea, transported by governmental organization Human minutes drive to the various Tea-Horse Division, spent a lot of manpower and material resources, waste of resources, outweigh the benefits. ② Yun tea branch salt method. Ming Xuan Zongxuan Germany in the implementation of official transport of tea, while the salt issue cited by the government to support the JAC salt for reward, mobilize businessmen tea shipped to the northwest of the Sichuan Tea-Horse Division lead, but not for the tea trade. In the implementation process, many businessmen operating officer of tea false name, line of business of smuggling the real, not the tea to the tea-horse trade their own company and that the lack of official tea, buy a horse inconvenience, so orthodox first year (1436) Stop this method. ③ Zhao providers in Tea Act. Koji three years (1490), governor of Shaanxi and the Chief Chubang Zhao Handelsblatt in one hundred and four million kilograms of tea, tea Censor patrol went to the lead at the record, buy tea in the tea-producing area, go to Xining, River State, Tao State Tea-Horse Division, the official take four tenths of tea, I hear businessmen trafficking. This method allows the tea to get all tens of kilograms of tea Horse Division, the official tea growing inventory. But it allows traders to participate in a formal tea-horse trade and Han Nationality trade, the government in competition with traders often lost. Tea-Horse Division can not get enough horses and ordered a halt in fifteen years. But then, the official tea diminishing reserves, more difficult to buy a horse, so it was implemented in seventeen years. Ming Tsung Zhengde reign (1506) formally resumed this method, the rate of increase in the official commission, officials and businessmen to take on points, half tea with suppliers, make it from selling. Since then, the Government, the business who obtain easy to horses, good horses Jingui merchants. In the Ming Dynasty and Tibetan tea-horse trade officials and businessmen in the merchant finally defeated. The resulting tea Tea-Horse Division, in addition to sometimes call providers pay taxes to support tea or make tea merchant discount silver, to prepare for disaster relief storage side, the rest are all tea Yong Yu buy horses purposes. There are ways to buy a horse called barbarian sell horses branch Tea Act, Tea Act branch called Nama providers, and to require the tribes to sell the amount of gold annually poor horse horse horse branch way to buy tea based method. Therefore, the Ming Chinese and Tibetan tea-horse trade is the most developed period. "Since the gate towers, Li Ya duo arrived in Gan, ust possession, the line to the five thousand years of tea. Duguid mountain states were Western tribes who sold all their horses." Clear along the prescribed system is still the official tea of tea and suppliers. Its management systems and Ming Luetong. Officer tea in Shaanxi, Gansu, Ma Yi Chu edge. The Government _set_ up patrols in the northwest Censor five points in Xining, Tao state (in this MINXIAN), River State, Zhuanglanghe, Ganzhou (now in Lanzhou, Gansu) Tea-Horse Division, the official in charge of tea and tea-horse trade. Subsequently abolished Tea Horse censor, or send ministry staff, or keep a close watch so that the governor of Gansu, Shaanxi and Gansu Governor finally by the Official Chacha business. The early years of the Qing Dynasty Shunzhi provisions Yi Tea launched a hundred and twenty pounds, the horse an easy to nine pounds of tea, easy to dismount a tea seven pounds. Required official tea, still in imitation of the Ming Zhao providers Tea Act. Li Ji Shanxi, Shaanxi businessman said the East suppliers, traders said Hui Sai providers, are responsible for _set_ting overall supervision and responsibility bulk supplier Lesson satisfied (see merchants). Because of the Qing Dynasty in the previous generation of wide pastures, buy horses military significance gradually disappear. Kangxi after tea-horse trade, but the heel former story. Yi Ma in small quantities, and when the time is easy to stop, resulting in Tea-Horse Division tea growing inventory. To solve the inventory plot tea, tea received government sometimes will change the pay off, the soldiers sent to resell; sometimes the candidates qualities official tea merchants use three percent, two percent, or even all off silver nano officer. Qing emperors Yongzheng thirteen years (1735) to stop Yi Ma, Tea Horse Management Division has actually become the national trade organization. Kept by the official tea, or folding rates, or easy to pay, or call provider sales. Basically candidates to fold silver tea merchants, rarely levies tea. Xianfeng, Tongzhi years, Shaanxi and Gansu Hui uprising broke out, business people displaced, due to numerous classes. East and West courses, please recognize suppliers who have no argument, cited poor sales of tea. Tongzhi eleven pilot recruiting new providers, please visit Gansu ticket line tea. Thirteen years of formal recruitment businessman went south Gansu, Hunan tea sales operation, called NCB. Thereafter 70% of Gansu's official tea hosted by NCB. Tea hosted by the government of Lanzhou Road. Law cited law reform vote, one vote to certain guidelines, depending on the merchant's capital stock to the ticket sales. Please vote Xianxiang Lanzhou Road, for the record, regardless of the provinces traders are beginning to make the first quasi-admittance to the positive class ticket, and I determined marketing place after paying taxes. Export of tea is another addition was completed in Border Agency determined taxes. Since then, the official tea Northwest region of Russia and export of tea, basically rests merchants operating, the official closing tax only. Manufacturers tea tea production in the southern provinces. Issued by the central Ministry cited tea, tea counties distribution sales. Where tea is also no less cited by local tea marketing class households were satisfied. Guangdong, Guangxi little tea, tea does not produce the northern provinces, are not awarded cited. Only merchants to pass through the territory of the landing taxes or money received slightly. Merchants with a total supplier and bulk suppliers, similar approaches and salt tea line method. General Chamber of Commerce scribe bulk supplier name, the total levy responsible Governor tea lessons, lessons satisfied casual trader buying lead line tea. Line Tea Individually given domain. In Sichuan, there are belly lead, while lead, earth lead of the points. Abdominal cited marketing mainland side lead marketing frontier, soil lead marketing toast. After the outbreak of the Taiping Rebellion, the southeastern provinces of tea per cent increase, tea donated to charge pay, issued to lead PCT, PCT tickets, donated tickets as evidence of trafficking. When the rise of its tea, or completeness satisfied by the merchants themselves, or on behalf of the tea contraband list. When sent to the Commission by the tea stall hand in its tax bill. With the deepening of economic aggression of imperialism, increasing trading ports (See commercial port), foreign purchases of tea in China also have formed a Hankou, Shanghai, Fuzhou, three tea market. Hankou brick multi-market exports to Russia; Shanghai market, Jiangxi, Anhui, red tea sold in the United States and Europe and more Shaoxing, Zhejiang tea lost to the United States, Ningbo tea exports to Japan; Fuzhou tea and more lost to the Americas and the South Pacific islands. Tea become China's major export goods. Foreign government procurement marketing bead tea tax levied only, not levy likin, merchants pay their tax rates than domestic likin lower. The late Qing Dynasty, scrap lead, PCT, donated three votes in favor of tax receipts to simplify procedures. Later on, the tea of tea ticket gradually lead. Where taxpayers provinces traders can get tickets distribution. Lee's government monopoly on tea gradually weakened, the private tea also mitigated punishment. Distribution of private tea, did not identify the official ending. Republic of China continue to practice counting method, which then lead to repeal vote, change levy sales tax.