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·zuòzhě: shì Su Shi·rén jiǎn jiè Biography· shì shēng píng Sushi Life
·wén xué shù Literary Arts· tái shī 'àn Wutai poem·shī fēng Poetry style
·shēng píng nián biǎo Chronology of the Life· shì 'ér Su Shi's wife and children· shì wén Sushi anecdotal
·chuán shì míng Handed down the famous·xiě zuò fēng Writing style· shì shū Su Shi Calligraphy
·shī zuò pǐn Poetry works· zhǒng zhù běn Note the variety of·xiāng guān shū Related Books
·diàn shì jiǎng zuò TV Talk·mín jiān gōng Crafts·wén rén píng shuō Scholars note
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shì Su Shi (1037~1101)  běi luán chéng

shī píng lùn poetry commentdōng shī huàdōng shī huà
shī wén poetry corpus shì
lèi three T's type, terms, techniquedōng chuán
zhū jiā the Eclectics, a school of thoughts flourishing in ancient Chinadōng zhì lín
chóu chí
shīcízhāo jūn yuàn Lamentations of Lady Zhaojun》    suàn · huáng zhōu dìng huì yuàn zuò Divination operator Huangzhou Inspirational wisdom courtyard Live work》   dié liàn huā Butterfly in Love》   jiāng chéng · mǎo zhēngyuè 'èr shí mèng Jiang chengzai YiMao The first month of the lunar year Score Day and night Kee Meng》   jiāng chéng · zhōu chū liè Jiang chengzai Missouri go hunting》   dòng xiān Dong Xiange》   shuǐ diào tóu · zhōng qiū Shuidiaogetou mid-autumn》   niàn jiāo · zhōng qiū Stories of mid-autumn》   niàn jiāo · chì huái Stories of Chibi meditate on the past》   shuǐ lóng yín · yùn zhāng zhì yáng huā Shuilong yin Write and reply in poems according to original poem's rhyming words Chapter Zhifu Yanghua words》   gèngduōshīgē...
shì luò luò luò luò luò qiàng ~
qián bàn shēng shìhòu bàn shēng dōng
shì 45 suì xíng shū chuò chá tiē gāo qīng
shěn pàn dōng

苏轼
苏轼 人物简介
苏轼

苏轼(1037年1月8日-1101年8月24日),眉州眉山(今四川省眉山市)人,北宋时著名的文学家、政治家、艺术家、医学家。字子瞻,一字和仲,号东坡居士、铁冠道人嘉佑二年进士,累官至端明殿学士兼翰林学士礼部尚书南宋理学方炽时,加赐谥号文忠,复追赠太师。有《东坡先生大全集》及《东坡乐府》词集传世,宋人王宗稷收其作品,编有《苏文忠公全集》。

散文均有成就,且善书法绘画,是文学艺术史上的通才,也是公认韵文散文造诣皆比较杰出的大家。苏轼的散文为唐宋四家()之末,与唐代古文运动发起者韩愈并称为“韩潮苏海”,也与欧阳修并称“欧苏”;更与父亲苏洵、弟苏辙合称“三苏”,父子三人,同列唐宋八大家。苏轼之诗与黄庭坚并称“苏黄”,又与陆游并称“苏陆”;其词“以诗入词”,首开词坛“豪放”一派,振作了晚唐、五代以来绮靡的西昆体余风。后世与南宋辛弃疾并称“苏辛”,惟苏轼故作豪放,其实清朗;其亦颇有名气,最知名者为贬谪期间借题发挥写的前后《赤壁赋》。宋代每逢科考常出现其文命题之考试,故当时学者曰:“苏文熟,吃羊肉、苏文生,嚼菜羹”。艺术方面,书法名列“苏、北宋四大书法家(宋四家)之首;其画则开创了湖州画派;并在题画文学史上占有举足轻重的地位。

政治上,在王安石变法期间,虽赞同政治应该改革,但反对王安石任用的后任吕惠卿及一些政策,招来新党爪牙李定横加陷害;后来又因反对“尽废新法”受到司马光为首的旧党斥退,终生当不了宰相。在新旧党争中两边不讨好导致仕途失意,被侍妾王朝云戏称为“一肚皮不合时宜”。元祐更化中,一度官至尚书宋哲宗绍圣复述又加贬谪至儋州海南岛);徽宗即位,遇赦北归时病卒于常州。墓在河南郏县。

生平

家世

祖父苏序,表字仲先。祖母史氏。父苏洵,母程氏。宋仁宗景祐三年(1037年),苏轼生于眉州眉山(今四川省眉山市)。其父亲将他命名“轼”,意为车前的扶手,取其默默无闻却扶危救困,不可或缺之意。苏轼有一个弟弟苏辙,小他两岁(1039年出生),两兄弟从小到大一起读书游玩,后来也同一年中进士。

苏轼年幼时父亲出游在外,母亲将其养大,并教他读书,曾令其以范滂为榜样。苏轼生性放达,好交友。和其父苏洵、其弟苏辙并称“三苏”。

苏洵修编族谱,自称是初唐相国苏味道后裔。然而苏洵自己也承认苏味道的后人与自己的高祖之间世系不可考证,苏洵的高祖才是信史的上限。苏洵的寻根方法,在当时就有人不以为然。柳立言认为苏洵修撰族谱编写世系,将三百多年前的唐代宰相苏味道当做自己家族的始迁祖,是看中苏味道的知名度,苏洵编订族谱的目的是不问亲疏,团结苏姓人士,争取共享政治和社会资源,以虚构始祖来联宗

仕途

嘉佑二年(1057年),苏轼才20岁,与弟弟苏辙一同进京参加会考,苏轼中进士第2名。当时主试官是欧阳脩,苏轼以一篇《刑赏忠厚之至论》的论文得到考官梅尧臣的青睐,并推荐给主试官欧阳修。欧阳修亦十分赞赏,原本欲拔擢为第一,但又怕该文为自己的门生曾巩所作,为了避嫌,列为第二。结果试卷拆封后才发现该文为苏轼所作,而取为第一的是曾巩,正是阴错阳差,弄巧成拙。[来源请求]到了礼部复试时,苏轼再以《春秋对义》居曾巩之前,中乙科。

治平三年(1066年),父苏洵过世,苏轼回守丧,英宗怜之,同意以官船载运苏轼一家。

熙宁二年(1069年),任祠部员外郎,反对王安石变法中的一些作为,王安石于是屡次在神宗面前诋毁苏轼,司马光范镇举荐苏轼作谏官,王安石力反之,神宗想让苏轼写起居注,王安石向神宗进言,说苏轼在回家守丧时,乘机贩运苏木(一种染料),最后神宗放弃这个任命。三年,因为苏轼一直反对王安石,王安石门下的御史谢景温又诬陷苏轼贩卖私盐范镇极辩苏轼贩盐之诬,并愿意退休负责。

熙宁三年(1070年),苏轼担任当年度的科举主考官,苏轼本欲拟上官均为第一名(状元),因发现上官均的策论有诋毁王安石变法的情况,便改上官均为第二名。

熙宁五年(1072年)苏轼因不堪新党的迫害,求外职,神宗本欲予以知州,但王安石只愿予之颍州通判,神宗最后折中,让苏轼担任比较好的杭州通判,三年之后升为知州,连知密州徐州湖州。熙宁十年四月,赴任徐州,是年七月七日,黄河决口,水困徐州,苏轼参加救灾。

元丰二年(1079年),四十三岁时,因乌台诗案入狱,几死,因为写文章向朝廷诀别,太皇太后曹氏王安礼等人出面力挽,神宗动心,苏轼终免一死,贬谪为“检校尚书水部员外郎黄州团练副使本州安置”,为其文学创作生涯的重要阶段,而神宗亦爱其才,终得以保全,翌年被贬至黄州(今湖北省黄冈市),在黄州“深自闭塞,扁舟革履,放浪山水之间,与渔樵杂处”,与张怀民交游,也结交禅门人士,当时佛印担任庐山归宗寺住持,与苏轼时有往来。苏轼有〈戏答佛印偈〉曰:“百千灯作一灯光,尽是恒沙妙法王,是故东坡不敢借,借君四大作禅床。”元丰七年离开黄州。

元祐元年(1086年),宋哲宗即位,高太皇太后垂帘听政,回朝任礼部郎中中书舍人、翰林学士,元祐四年(1089年)拜龙图阁学士,曾出知杭州颍州等,官至礼部尚书

绍圣元年(1094年)被哲宗贬谪至惠州儋州海南岛)。

元符三年(1100年),宋徽宗即位,向太后垂帘听政,下诏让苏轼北还。

建中靖国元年(1101年),夏天因冷饮过度,下痢不止,又误服黄芪,结果病情恶化,“齿间出血如蚯蚓者无数”,七月二十八日于常州孙氏馆病卒,享年六十四岁。由弟苏辙归葬于郏县小峨眉山。南宋宋孝宗追赠谥号“文忠”。

苏轼疲于应付新旧党争,遇事“如食内有蝇,吐之乃已”,苏轼既反对王安石比较急进的改革措施,也不同意旧党司马光尽废新法,所以虽然新党一直称苏轼为旧党,但其实他在新旧两党之间均受排斥,仕途坎坷,时常远贬外方,不过他在各地居官清正,为民兴利除弊,政绩颇善,口碑甚佳,杭州西湖苏堤就是实证。

性格

好美食,创造许多饮食精品,好品茗,亦雅好游山林黄庭坚称他“真神仙中人”

位于云林虎尾的法持妈祖宫内的石雕园中雕像。

风格

苏轼的书法作品《寒食帖

其文汪洋恣肆,明白畅达,曾自谓:“大略如行云流水,初无定质,但行于所当行,常止于所不可不止,虽嬉笑怒骂之辞,皆可书而诵之。”其诗清新豪健,善用夸张比喻。其体浑涵光芒,雄视百代,有文章以来,盖亦鲜矣。一时文人如黄庭坚晁补之秦观张耒陈师道,举世未之识,轼待之如朋俦,未尝以师资自予也。

黄州词,是苏词的奇观;黄州文,则是苏文的高峰;《赤壁赋》是其高峰之巅。黄庭坚曾批评苏轼说:“东坡文章妙天下,其短处在好骂,慎勿袭其轨也”陈岩肖说:“坡为人慷慨疾恶,亦时见于诗,有古人规讽体”陈师道说:“苏诗始学刘禹锡,故多怨刺,学不可不慎也”

诗风

苏轼工诗,与黄庭坚合称“苏黄”。现存约二千七百多首,其诗内容广阔,风格多样,而以豪放为主。对后人影响最大的也是抒发人生感慨和歌咏自然景物的诗篇,表现出诗重理趣,好议论的特征。〈饮湖上初晴后雨〉写西湖之美:“水光潋滟晴方好,山色空濛雨亦奇。欲把西湖比西子,淡妆浓抹总相宜。”

元丰四年暮春三月,东坡写下〈黄州寒食诗帖〉。此帖为两首五言古风,诗句沉郁苍劲,低回长叹,极富感染力。其书法不拘小节,字形章法布局俱佳,颇有右军遗意,唯用笔失之草率,在书法史上影响很大,二十世纪末更被誉为〈兰亭序〉、〈祭侄帖〉之后的“天下第三行书”。黄庭坚在此帖后题跋:“东坡此诗似李太白,犹恐太白有未到处。此书兼颜鲁公杨少师李西台笔意,试使东坡复为之,未必及此。它日东坡或见此书,应笑我于无佛处称尊也。”朱弁《曲洧旧闻》:“东坡文章至黄州以后,人莫能及,唯黄鲁直诗时可以抗衡;晚年过海,则鲁直亦瞠乎其后矣。”

白称诗仙,古体绝伦;杜诗律圣,拓宇七言;东坡晚出,各体皆能,无题不作,比配诗神。

词风

现存三百四十多首念奴娇·赤壁怀古》、《水调歌头·明月几时有》、《定风波》传诵甚广。

苏轼扩大词的内容,抒情写景、说理怀古、感事等题材,无一不可入词。苏轼提高词的意境,扩大和开拓词境,提高格调,豪放词以外,也有清旷飘逸、空灵隽永、以至缠绵妩媚之作。

苏轼词风豪放(王国维曰“东坡之词旷”),将词“诗化”,笔力雄健,个性鲜明,展现出作者旷达、爽朗的个性,多豪情壮语,意气昂扬,感情奔放,想像丰富奇特。

体裁和音律上,苏轼不喜剪裁以就声律,词的文学生命重于音乐的生命。苏词作品往往有序,阐明词的内容,或作词的原委、时间、地点,事实分明。

相传苏轼官翰林学士时,曾问幕下士:“我词何如柳七(柳永)?”幕下士答曰:“柳郎中词只合十七八岁女郎,执红牙板,歌‘杨柳岸晓风残月’。学士词须关西大汉,铜琵琶、铁绰板,唱‘大江东去’。”

苏轼的词风被归类在“豪放派”,所以与周邦彦的“格律派”大相径庭。南宋时知名的词人辛弃疾也是豪放派的词人,后世将苏东坡与辛弃疾并称为“苏辛”

赋风

前赤壁赋后赤壁赋,洞庭春色赋,中山松醪赋。

前赤壁赋,现藏于国立故宫博物院,尺寸23.9 × 258 cm

书风

苏轼晚年用笔沉着,早期书法代表作为〈治平帖〉,笔触精到,字态妩媚。中年代表作为〈黄州寒食诗帖〉。此诗帖系元丰五年(1082年)苏轼因为乌台诗案遭贬黄州时所写诗两首。诗句沉郁苍凉又不失旷达,书法用笔、墨色也随着诗句语境的变化而变化,跌宕起伏,气势不凡而又一气呵成,不拘小节,率意为之,二十世纪末被誉为“天下第三行书”。晚年代表作有行书〈洞庭春色赋〉、〈中山松醪赋〉等,此二赋以古雅胜,姿态百出而结构紧密,集中反映了苏轼书法“结体短肥”的特点。其最晚的墨迹当是〈与谢民师论文帖〉(1100年)。

其代表作有〈黄州寒食诗帖〉、〈天际乌云帖〉、〈洞庭春色赋〉、〈中山松醪赋〉、〈春帖子词〉、〈爱酒诗〉、〈寒食诗〉、〈蜀中诗〉、〈人来得书帖〉、〈答谢民师论文帖〉、〈江上帖〉、〈李白仙诗帖〉、〈次韵秦太虚诗帖〉、〈渡海帖〉、〈祭黄几道文卷〉、〈梅花诗帖〉、〈前赤壁赋〉、〈东武帖〉、〈北游帖〉、〈新岁展庆帖〉、〈宝月帖〉、〈令子帖〉、〈致南圭使君帖〉、〈次辩才韵诗〉、〈一夜帖〉、〈宸奎阁碑〉、〈致若虚总管尺牍〉、〈怀素自序〉等。苏轼的书法,后人赞誉颇高。最有发言权的莫过于黄庭坚,他在《山谷集》里说,“本朝善书者,自当推(苏)为第一”。

‘黄州寒食诗帖跋’(黄庭坚书、左)、‘黄州寒食诗帖’(苏轼书、右) 纸本34.2×199.5cm,台北国立故宫博物院藏。

画风

能画竹,学文同,也喜作枯木怪石。存世画迹有〈枯木怪石图卷〉、〈潇湘竹石图〉等。

著作

苏轼现存于世的文学著作共有2700多首诗,300多首词,以及大量散文作品。

  • 南行集》,嘉祐四年(1059年),与父亲和弟弟合编的中的40多首诗,最早的一批诗作。

最早的词则写于熙宁五年(1072年)。

诗文有《东坡七集》《东坡集》《东坡词》等。

存世书迹有〈答谢民师论文帖〉、〈祭黄几道文〉、〈前赤壁赋〉、〈黄州寒食诗帖〉、〈题西林壁〉、〈饮湖上初晴后雨〉等。

画迹有〈枯木怪石图、〈潇湘竹石图〉等。

题画作品有〈净因院画记〉、〈提憩寂图诗〉等。

因南宋皇帝宋高宗宋孝宗等对他其人其作的推崇,有宋一朝整理出版了《苏文忠公诗合注》《苏文忠公全集》等多部集作。《苏文忠公全集》又称《东坡全集》,传世的,至今所见,可分两大类。一类为分集编订,号称东坡七集本,亦标东坡全集,即东坡集四十卷,后集二十卷,奏议十五卷,内制集十卷,外制集三卷,和陶诗四卷,应诏集十卷,其出自苏轼原本原目,后人稍加增益,为之善本,风行海内;一类为分类合编,号称东坡大全集,《四库提要辨证》云:“分类合编者,疑即始于居世英本,宋时所谓大全集者类用此例,”又云:“宋时所刊大全集者,乃麻沙书坊所刻。”

家庭

祖父:

父亲:

母亲:

  • 程夫人眉山富豪程文应之女,程濬之妹,十八岁时嫁时年十九岁的苏洵。婚后相夫教子、操持家务。苏轼一生思想深受母亲影响。

兄弟姐妹:
苏洵与程氏共生有三男三女,然长子景先与三名女儿皆卒于程氏去世之前。虽然传说的“苏小妹三难新郎”故事中,苏东坡有个嫁与秦观的妹妹,但根据考证,苏东坡笔记著作中从未曾提到有妹妹,而且秦观在二十九岁并且已经娶妻之后,才初遇苏东坡,苏小妹应为虚构人物。

妻妾:

  • 王弗,苏轼之妻,十六岁时与年方十九的苏轼成婚,婚后二人恩爱甜蜜。结婚十一年因病逝世,得年二十七。苏轼四十岁时曾作〈江城子·乙卯正月二十日夜记梦〉悼念亡妻。
  • 王闰之,苏轼之妻,王弗堂妹,王弗逝去三年后嫁给苏轼。苏轼五十八岁时逝世,享年四十六。
  • 王朝云,苏轼之妾,原为歌妓。三十八岁时的苏轼赎十二岁的朝云,后收为侍妾。陪伴苏轼度过仕途不顺的岁月。后卒于绍圣三年,享年三十四。

子女:

  • 苏迈,妻王弗所生。
  • 苏迨,妻王闰之所生。
  • 苏过,妻王闰之所生。
  • 苏遁,妾王朝云所生,未满周岁而卒。

堂妹:

  • 苏氏苏涣四女,嫁柳仲远(字子文),封德化县君,袁枚《随园诗话》指苏轼有一妹嫁柳氏是把她误作苏轼亲妹。

评价

古代

  • 张戒:“自汉魏以来,诗妙于子建,成于李、杜,而坏于苏、黄。”(《岁寒堂诗话》卷上)
  • 宋史》:“苏轼自为童子时,士有传石介《庆历圣德诗》至蜀中者,轼历举诗中所言韩、富、杜、范诸贤以问其师。师怪而语之,则曰:“正欲识是诸人耳。”盖已有颉颃当世贤哲之意。弱冠,父子兄弟至京师,一日而声名赫然,动于四方。既而登上第,擢词科,入掌书命,出典方州。器识之闳伟,议论之卓荦,文章之雄隽,政事之精明,四者皆能以特立之志为之主,而以迈往之气辅之。故意之所向,言足以达其有猷,行足以遂其有为。至于祸患之来,节义足以固其有守,皆志与气所为也。仁宗初读轼、辙制策,退而喜曰:“朕今日为子孙得两宰相矣。”神宗尤爱其文,宫中读之,膳进忘食,称为天下奇才。二君皆有以知轼,而轼卒不得大用。一欧阳修先识之,其名遂与之齐,岂非轼之所长不可掩抑者,天下之至公也,相不相有命焉,呜呼!轼不得相,又岂非幸欤?或谓:“轼稍自韬戢,虽不获柄用,亦当免祸。”虽然,假令轼以是而易其所为,尚得为轼哉?”
  • 宋仁宗:“吾今又为吾子孙得太平宰相两人。”
  • 刘安世说:“东坡立朝大节极可观,才意高广,惟己之是信。”
  • 黄庭坚:“人谓东坡作此文,因难以见巧,故极工。余则以为不然。彼其老于文章,故落笔皆超逸绝尘耳。”、给苏轼的挽联说:“文章妙天下,忠义贯日月。”、“真神仙中人。”
  • 苏辙说苏轼:“其于人,见善称之,如恐不及;见不善斥之,如恐不尽;见义勇于敢为,而不顾其害。用此数困于世,然终不以为恨。”苏轼行迹所到之处都被民众纪念,如黄冈杭州海南岛等地区,都有苏轼的祠庙。
  • 晁无咎:“苏东坡词,人谓多不谐音律。然居士词横放杰出,自是曲子中缚不住者。”
  • 王直方:“东坡尝以所作小词示无咎、文潜,曰:‘何如少游?’二人皆对曰:‘少游诗似小词,先生小词似诗。’”
  • 王灼:“东坡先生以文章馀事作诗,溢而作词曲,高处出神入天,平处尚临镜笑春,不顾侪辈。或曰:‘长短句中诗也。’为此论者,乃是遭柳永野狐涎之毒。诗与乐府同出,岂当分异?若从柳氏家法,正自不分异耳。东坡先生非心醉于音律者,偶尔作歌,指出向上一路,新天下耳目,弄笔者始知自振。今少年妄谓东坡移诗律作长短句,十有八九不学柳耆卿则学曹元宠,虽可笑,亦毋用笑也。”
  • 宋孝宗:“忠言谠论,立朝大节,一时廷臣无出其右。”
  • 陆游评苏:“世言东坡不能歌,故所作东府词多不协。晁以道谓:绍圣初,与东坡别于汴上,东坡酒酣,自歌〈古阳关〉。则公非不能歌,但豪放不喜剪裁以就声律耳。试取东坡诸词歌之,曲终,觉天风海雨逼人。”、“公不以一身祸福,易其忧国之心,千载之下,生气凛然。”
  • 陈洵:“东坡独崇气格,箴规柳、秦,词体之尊,自东坡始。”
  • 徐度:“(柳永)词虽极工致,然多杂以鄙语,故流俗人尤喜道之。其后欧、苏诸公继出,文格一变,至为歌词,体制高雅。”
  • 胡寅:“词曲者,古乐府之末造也。文章豪放之士,鲜不寄意于此者,随亦自扫其迹,曰谑浪游戏而已也。唐人为之最工者。柳耆卿后出,掩众制而尽其妙。好之者以为不可复加。及眉山苏氏,一洗绮罗香泽之态,摆脱绸缪宛转之度,使人登高望远,举首高歌,而逸怀浩气,超然乎尘垢之外,于是花间为皂隶,而柳氏为舆台矣。”
  • 王若虚:“是直以公为不及于情也。呜呼!风韵如东坡,而谓不及于情,可乎?彼高人逸士,正当如是。其溢为小词,而闲及于脂粉之间,所谓滑稽玩戏,聊复尔尔者也。若乃纤艳淫媟,入人骨髓,如田中行、柳耆卿辈,岂公之雅趣也哉?公雄文大手,乐府乃其游戏,顾岂于流俗争胜哉?盖其天资不凡,辞气迈往,故落笔皆绝尘耳。”
  • 刘辰翁:“词至东坡,倾荡磊落,如诗,如文,如天地奇观。”
  • 元好问:“唐歌词多宫体,又皆极力为之。自东坡一出,性情之外,不知有文字,真有“一洗万古凡马空”气象。虽时作宫体,亦岂可以宫体概之?人有言,乐府本不难作,从东坡放笔后便难作。此殆以工拙论,非知坡者。所以然者,诗三百所载小夫贱妇幽忧无聊赖之语,时猝为外物感触,满心而发,肆口而成者尔。其初果欲被管弦。谐金石,经圣人手,以与六经并传乎?小夫贱妇且然,而谓东坡翰墨游戏,乃求与前人角胜负,误矣。自今观之,东坡圣处,非有意于文字之为工,不得不然之为工也。坡以来,山谷、晁无咎、陈去非、辛幼安诸公,俱以歌词取称,吟咏性情,留连光景,清壮顿挫,能起人妙思。亦有语意拙直,不自缘饰,因病成妍者,皆自坡发之。”
  • 王士祯:“山谷云:“东坡书挟海上风涛之气。”读坡词,当作如是观,琐琐与柳七较锱铢,无乃为髯公所笑?”、“汉魏以来,二千余年间,以诗名其家者众矣。顾所号为仙才者,唯曹子建李太白、苏子瞻三人而已。”
  • 王夫之:“扬雄、关朗、王弼、何晏、韩愈、苏轼之徒,日猖狂于天下,而张子韶、陆子静、王伯安窃浮屠之邪见,以乱圣学。为其徒者,弗妨以其耽酒嗜色,渔利赖宠之身,荡闲蔑耻,而自矜妙悟焉。呜呼,求明之害,尤烈于不明,亦至此哉!”
  • 袁枚评苏诗:“有才而无情,多趣而少韵:由于天分高,学力浅也。有起而无结,多刚而少柔:验其知遇早晚景穷也。”
  • 周济:“人赏东坡粗豪,吾赏东坡韶秀。韶秀是东坡佳处,粗豪则病也。东坡每事俱不十分用力,古文、书、画皆尔,词亦尔。”
  • 刘熙载:“东坡词颇似老杜诗,以其无意不可入,无事不可言也。若其豪放之致,则时与太白为近。太白《忆秦娥》,声情悲壮。晚唐、五代,惟趋婉丽。至东坡始能复古。后世论词者,或转以东坡为变调,不知晚唐、五代乃变调也。东坡《定风波》云:‘尚余孤瘦雪霜姿。”《荷花媚》云:‘天然地,别是风流标格。’、‘雪霜姿’、‘风流标格’,学坡词者,便可从此领取。东坡词具神仙出世之姿,方外白玉蟾诸家,惜未诣此。”
  • 曾国藩:“古人称立德、立功、立言为三不朽。立德最难,自周汉以后,罕见德传者。立功如萧、曹、房、杜、郭、李、韩、岳,立言如马、班、韩、欧、李、杜、苏、黄,古今曾有几人?”
  • 蔡嵩云:“东坡词,胸有万卷,笔无点尘。其阔大处,不在能作豪放语,而在其襟怀有涵盖一切气象。若徒袭其外貌,何异东施效颦。东坡小令,清丽纡徐,雅人深致,另辟一境。设非胸襟高旷,焉能有此吐属。”
  • 王鹏运:“北宋人词,如潘逍遥之超逸,宋子京之华贵,欧阳文忠之骚雅,柳屯田之广博,晏小山之疏俊,秦太虚之婉约,张子野之流丽,黄文节之隽上,贺方回之醇肆,皆可模拟得其仿佛。唯苏文忠之清雄,夐乎轶尘绝世,令人无从步趋。盖霄壤相悬,宁止才华而已?其性情,其学问,其襟抱,举非恒流所能梦见。词家苏辛并称,其实辛犹人境也,苏其殆仙乎!”
  • 沈曾植:“东坡以诗为词,如雷大使之舞,虽极天下之工,要非本色。”此后山谈丛语也。然考蔡绦铁围山丛谈,称:‘上皇在位,时属升平。手艺之人有称者,棋则有刘仲甫、晋士明,琴则有僧梵如、僧全雅,教坊琵琶则有刘继安,舞有雷中庆,世皆呼之为雷大使,笛则孟水清。此数人者,视前代之技皆过之。’然则雷大使乃教坊绝技,谓非本色,将外方乐乃为本色乎?”
  • 夏敬观:“东坡词如春花散空,不着迹象,使柳枝歌之,正如天风海涛之曲,中多幽咽怨断之音,此其上乘也。若夫激昂排宕、不可一世之概,陈无己所谓:‘如教坊雷大使之舞,虽极天下之工,要非本色。’乃其第二乘也。后之学苏者,惟能知第二乘,未有能达上乘者,即稼轩亦然。东坡《永遇乐》词云:‘????如三鼓,铿然一叶,黯黯梦云惊断。夜茫茫,重寻无处,觉来小园行遍。’此数语,可作东坡自道圣处。”

现代

  • 章太炎:“设两可之辩,仗无穷之辞” ,“淫文破典,軵靡者众”。
  • 王国维:“以宋词唐诗,则东坡似太白,欧、秦似摩诘,耆卿似乐天,方回、叔原则大历十子之流。”
  • 钱穆说:“苏东坡诗之伟大,因他一辈子没有在政治上得意过。他一生奔走潦倒,波澜曲折都在诗里见。但苏东坡的儒学境界并不高,但在他处艰难的环境中,他的人格是伟大的,像他在黄州和后来在惠州琼州的一段。那个时候诗都好,可是一安逸下来,就有些不行,诗境未免有时落俗套。东坡诗之长处,在有豪情,有逸趣。其恬静不如王摩诘,其忠恳不如杜工部。”、“他们(苏氏兄弟)的学术因罩上一层极厚的释老的色采,所以他们对于世务,认为并没有一种正面的、超出一切的理想标准。他们一面对世务却相当练达,凭他们活的聪明来随机应付。他们亦并不信有某一种制度,定比别一种制度好些。但他们的另一面,又爱好文章辞藻,所以他们持论,往往渲染过分,一说便说到尽量处。近于古代纵横的策士。”
  • 方东树《昭昧詹言》云:“东坡……自以真骨面目与天下相见,随意吐属,自然高妙。”
  • 1930年代,当林语堂尚在海外飘零之时,身边却时时携带笨重的苏轼文集,后来写下文词优美、脍炙人口[来源请求]的《苏东坡传》。当他在《苏东坡传》中提到为其作传的理由时,说:“像苏东坡这样富有创造力,这样守正不阿,这样放任不羁,这样令人万分倾倒而又望尘莫及的高士,有他的作品摆在书架上,就令人觉得有了丰富的精神食粮。现在我能专心致力写他这本传记,自然是一大乐事,此外还需要什么别的理由吗?”这正切中林语堂自己的赞叹:“苏东坡自有其迷人魔力。”、“苏东坡是一个无可救药的乐天派、一个伟大的人道主义者、一个百姓的朋友、一个大文豪、大书法家、创新的画家、造酒试验家、一个工程师、一个憎恨清教徒主义的人、一位瑜伽修行者佛教徒、巨儒政治家、一个皇帝的秘书、酒仙、厚道的法官、一位在政治上专唱反调的人。一个月夜徘徊者、一个诗人、一个小丑。但是这还不足以道出苏东坡的全部……苏东坡比中国其他的诗人更具有多面性天才的丰富感、变化感和幽默感,智能优异,心灵却像天真的小孩——这种混合等于耶稣所谓蛇的智慧加上鸽子的温文。”
  • 王水照认为苏轼文学作品的数量之巨为北宋著名作家之冠,质量之优则为北宋“文学最高成就的杰出代表”。
  • 2000年,法国世界报》认为苏东坡的从政生涯与他的琴棋书画一样,都是人类的文化瑰宝,并且在专栏“千年人物”中,评选苏轼为唯一一位入选的中国人(共12位)
  • 2017/08/13,法国《世界报》副主编Jean-Pierre Langellier在第八届苏东坡文化节的演讲时,盛赞苏东坡的天才与人道精神。

注本

苏轼像,载于《晩笑堂竹庄画传》

从宋代开始,苏轼作品的注本不断出现,较著名有:

  • 诗注
    • 查慎行的《补注东坡编年诗》。
    • 冯应榴的《苏文忠诗合注》。
    • 王文诰的《苏文忠公诗编注集成》。
    • 孔凡礼点校的《苏轼诗集》,中华书局1982年出版。
  • 文注
    • 南宋邱晔编注的选本《经进东坡文集事略》。
    • 明末茅维的《东坡先生全集》。
    • 孔凡礼点校的《苏轼文集》,中华书局1986年出版。
  • 词注
    • 近人朱祖谋的编年本《东坡乐府》。
    • 今人龙榆生的《东坡乐府笺》。


轶闻

  • 宋仁宗嘉佑二年,苏轼以一篇〈刑赏忠厚之至论〉的论文得到考官梅尧臣的青睐,并推荐给主试官欧阳修。欧阳修亦十分赞赏,欲拔擢为第一,但又怕该文为自己的门生曾巩所作,为了避嫌,列为第二。结果试卷拆封后才发现该文为苏轼所作。到了礼部复试时,苏轼再以〈春秋对义〉取为第一。
  • 关于〈刑赏忠厚之至论〉中的内容:“皋陶曰杀之三,曰宥之三”,当时考官皆不知其典故,欧阳脩问苏轼出于何典。苏轼回答在《三国志·孔融传》中。欧阳脩翻查后仍找不到,苏轼答:“曹操袁绍,以绍子袁熙甄宓赐子曹丕。孔融云:‘即周武王伐纣以妲己周公’。操惊,问出于何典,融答:‘以今度之,想当然耳’。”欧阳脩听毕恍然大悟。
  • 宋哲宗元祐元年(1086年)司马光去世,大臣们正举行明堂祭拜大典,赶不及奠祭,仪式一完成,大臣们希望赶去吊丧,程颐却拦住大家,说孔子“是日哭则不歌”,参加明堂典礼之后,不该又吊丧家。大家觉得这不近人情,反驳说,“哭则不歌”不代表“歌则不哭”。苏轼嘲笑程颐说:“这是枉死市上的叔孙通制订的礼法。”这是苏轼、程颐两人结怨的开始。
  • 有一次国家忌日,众大臣到相国寺祷佛,程颐要求食素,苏轼责问说:“正叔(程颐表字),你不是不喜好佛教吗?为什么要吃素食?”程颐说:“礼法:守丧不可饮酒吃肉;忌日,是丧事的延续。”苏轼唱反调:“支持刘家的人露出左臂来罢!”(用史记典故,苏轼自比为汉朝太尉周勃,把程颐比为吕氏乱党,要求大家支持他。)范淳夫等人吃素食,而秦观黄庭坚等则吃肉。
  • 苏轼很早接触佛教,一生与禅师交游颇广,在黄州时常与金山寺主持佛印禅师来往,一日苏轼做一首诗偈“稽首天中天,毫光照大千,八风吹不动,端坐紫金莲”呈给佛印。禅师即批“放屁”二字,嘱书童携回。东坡见后大怒,立即过江责问禅师,禅师大笑:“学士,学士,您不是‘八风吹不动’了吗,怎又一‘屁’就打过了江?”“八风吹不动”可见于《佛地经论》卷五,诗僧寒山诗歌亦有此句
  • 苏轼无论,样样精到,常被认为乃是先人托化所致。广州西郊石门灵隐山上有宝陀院妙高台,院住持得云和尚临终时,留信说三十年后他的忌日,当有贵人来访,可将遗书递上。到了元符三年(1100年)十月得云和尚三十周年忌日,苏轼正好游览来到宝陀院,觉得一切都很熟悉,阅毕住持遗书,有感而发题诗于妙高台壁上
    宝陀山上宝陀院,白发东坡喜再来。
    前世得云今是我,依稀尤见妙高台。
  • 苏轼,名字中的轼字,解释为〝古代车子前面可让人倚靠的横木〞;而其弟弟苏辙,名字中的辙字,解释为〝车辆驶过后所留下的痕迹〞,其兄弟命名可见中国传统排行顺序、前后尊卑的概念。
  • 苏轼本人是个美食家,性喜酒肉,肉中尤以猪肉为最爱,按周紫芝《竹坡诗话》:“东坡性喜食猪”。还有传说东坡肉东坡酒相传均为苏轼发明。《曲洧旧闻》又记:苏东坡与客论食次,取纸一幅以示客云:“烂蒸同州羊羔,灌以杏酪香梗,荐以蒸子鹅,吴兴庖人斫松江鲙;既饱,以庐山玉帘泉,烹曾坑斗品茶。少焉解衣仰卧,使人诵东坡先生〈赤壁前后赋〉,亦足以一笑也。”
  • 苏轼在〈与鞠持正书〉中写下:“文登虽稍远,百事可乐。岛中出一药,名曰:‘石芝’者,香味初嚼茶,久之甚美,闻甚益人!”。文中百事可乐意指凡事皆有乐趣,成为英语pepsi cola的音译。

参看

影视形象

演员作品年份类型
唐国强水浒传1998电视剧
魏骏杰刁蛮娇妻苏小妹2010电视剧
陆毅苏东坡2012电视剧
欧阳震华东坡家事2015电视剧
郑则仕风流才子苏东坡2001电视剧

纪录片

《苏东坡》,该片为中国央视所拍摄纪录片,2017入选中国优秀国产纪录片。

注释

  1. ^ 苏子瞻责黄州,居州之东坡,作雪堂,自号东坡居士,后人遂目子瞻为东坡。宋.朱彧《萍洲可谈》127页,中华书局
  2. ^ 晁说之《跋鲁直尝新柑帖》云:“元祐末有‘苏黄’之称。”(《嵩山文集》卷十八)
  3. ^ 赵翼《瓯北诗话》卷六称:“宋诗以苏陆为两大家”。
  4. ^ 一说“蔡”本指蔡京,后来因为蔡京人品不佳,被换成蔡襄
  5. ^ 毛晋《苏米志林·是中何物》提到:“东坡一日退堂,食罢,扪腹徐行,顾谓侍儿曰:‘汝辈道我腹中何物?’一婢曰:‘都是文章。’坡不以为然。又一人曰:‘满腹都是机械。’坡亦未以为当。至朝云,乃曰:‘学士一肚皮不合时宜。’坡捧腹大笑。”此事又见曹臣编《舌华录》。
  6. ^ 冷斋夜话》卷七“梦迎五祖戒禅师”引东坡语:“先妣方孕时梦一僧来托宿,记其颀然而眇一目。”张端义《贵耳集》卷上:“蜀有彭老山,东坡生则童,东坡死复青。”金人刘祁《归潜志》卷九则云:“昔东坡生,一夕眉山草木尽死。”
  7. ^ 苏洵《名二子》:“轮、辐、盖、轸,皆有职乎车。而轼独若无所为者。虽然,去轼,则吾未见其为完车也。轼乎,吾惧汝之不外饰也。天下之车莫不由辙,而言车之功,辙不与焉。虽然,车仆马毙,而患亦不及辙。是辙者,善处乎祸福之间也。辙乎,吾知免也矣!”
  8. ^ 《宋史·苏轼传》:“苏轼,字子瞻,眉州眉山人。生十年,父洵游学四方,母程氏亲授以书。程氏读东汉《范滂传》,慨然太息,轼请曰:“轼若为滂,母许之否乎?”程氏曰:“汝能为滂,吾顾不能为滂母邪?”
  9. ^ 《东坡事类》记载:“苏子瞻泛爱天下,士无贤不肖,欢如也。尝自言上可陪玉皇大帝,下可陪田院乞儿。子由晦默,少许可,尝诫子瞻择交,子瞻曰:‘吾眼前天下无一个不好的人。’”
  10. ^ 苏轼:笔秃千管,墨磨万锭. 人民网-文史频道. 2014-09-10 [2017-10-03].
  11. ^ 《宋代墓志铭的虚与实及其反映的历史变化:苏轼乳母任采莲墓志铭探微》, 《北京论坛(2005)文明的和谐与共同繁荣——全球化视野中亚洲的机遇与发展:“历史变化:实际的、被表现的和想象的”历史分论坛论文或摘要集(上)》2005年)》, 2014年: 47–50
  12. ^ 《答李端叔书》
  13. ^ 《东坡续集》卷六收录有双方的九封书信集。
  14. ^ 陆以湉《冷庐医话》:“建中靖国元年,公自海外归,年六十六,渡江至仪真,舣舟东海亭下,登金山妙高台时,公决意归毗陵,复同米元章游西山,逭暑南窗松竹下,时方酷暑,公久在海外,觉舟中热不可堪,夜辄露坐,复饮冷过度,中夜暴下,至旦惫甚,食黄粥觉稍适。会元章约明日为筵,俄瘴毒大作,暴下不止,自是胸膈作胀,却饮食,夜不能寐。……病暑饮冷暴下,不宜服黄芪,殆误服之。胸胀热雍,牙血泛滥,又不宜服人参、麦门冬。噫,此非为补药所误耶?”
  15. ^ 《曲洧旧闻》
  16. ^ 苏轼曾说:“吾侪新法之初,辄守偏见,至有异同之论。虽此心耿耿,归于忧国,而所言差谬,少有中理者。今圣德日新,众化大成,回视向之所执,益觉疏矣。若变志易守,以求进取,固所不敢;若哓哓不已,则忧患愈深。”(《东坡续集》卷4《与滕达道》)旧党专权后,苏轼批评司马光“专欲变熙宁之法,不复较量利害,参用所长。”(《东坡奏议集》卷3《辩试馆职策问札子》)
  17. ^ 苏轼的作品充斥着对食材的见解。贬黄州时,有诗《猪肉颂》:“黄州好猪肉,价钱等粪土。富者不肯吃,贫者不解煮。慢着火,少著水,火候足时它自美。每日起来打一碗,饱得自家君莫管。”苏轼亦有咏荔枝诗,《惠州一绝》:“罗浮山下四时春,卢橘杨梅次第新。日啖荔枝三百颗,不辞长做岭南人。”《河南邵氏闻见后录》记载苏轼嗜吃河豚。苏轼在儋州(海南岛)寄给其弟子由诗中还提到老鼠肉、蝙蝠肉,以及癞蛤蟆的滋味,诗云:“土人顿顿食薯芋,荐以熏鼠烧蝙蝠;旧闻蜜唧尝呕吐,稍近虾蟆缘习俗。”
  18. ^ 《观林诗话》载,苏轼喜欢凤翔玉女洞的泉水,每次去,都要取两瓶携回烹茶。
  19. ^ 《灵壁张氏园亭记》:“俯仰山林之下,予以养生冶性。”
  20. 跳转至:20.0 20.1 《题东坡字后》:“元祐中锁试礼部,每来见过,案上纸不择精粗,书遍乃已。性喜酒,然不能四五龠已烂醉,不辞谢而就卧,鼻酣如雷。少焉苏醒,落笔如风雨,虽谑弄皆有义味,真神仙中人。此岂与今世翰墨之士争衡哉!”(《豫章黄先生文集》卷二九)
  21. ^ 《答谢民师书》
  22. ^ 节录《宋史》卷三百三十八《苏轼传》
  23. ^ 《豫章黄先生文集》卷19《答洪驹父书》
  24. ^ 陈岩肖:《庚溪诗话》卷下
  25. ^ 陈师道:《后山诗话》
  26. ^ 孔凡礼的《三苏年谱》考察《苏轼诗集》、《苏轼文集》,确定苏轼现存诗2700多首,文4300多篇。
  27. ^ 孔凡礼的《三苏年谱》在薛瑞生等人著作的基础上,考察《全宋词》、《全宋词补辑》,说明苏轼现存词320多首。
  28. ^ 俞文豹《吹剑录》
  29. ^ °ê¥ß¬G®c³Õª«°. 国立故宫博物院网站:苏轼于元丰二年乙未(一○七九)被认为以诗讽刺时政(即乌台诗案),八月,被贬为黄州团练副使,次年二月抵任所,筑室于“东坡”,东坡之号即始于此。是以〈黄州寒食诗〉作于一○八二年。. Npm.gov.tw. [2017-06-04].
  30. 跳转至:30.0 30.1 王水照选注《苏轼选集》,上海古籍出版社,1984年2月第一版,ISBN 7-5325-0528-6
  31. ^ 流传千年!苏东坡《木石图》真迹现世 拍卖估破15亿元. TVBS. 2018-08-30 [2018-08-31].
  32. ^ 胡波. 《东坡全集》版本考述. 四川图书馆学报. 2004, (2): 63.
  33. ^ 苏洵《祭亡妻文》:“有子六人,今谁在堂?惟轼与辙,仅存不亡。”
  34. ^ 欧阳修《苏明允墓志铭》:“生三子:曰景先,早卒;轼,今为殿中臣直史馆;辙,权大名府推官。三女皆早卒。”
  35. ^ 林语堂. 苏东坡传. 远景. 2008-10-31. ISBN 9789573907312.
  36. ^ 苏洵《自尤〈并叙〉》:“盖壬辰之岁而丧幼女,始将以尤其夫家,而卒以自尤也。女幼而好学,慷慨有过人之节,为文亦往往有可喜。既适其母之兄程浚之子之才,年十有八而死。而浚本儒者,然内行有所不谨,而其妻子尤好为无法。吾女介乎其间,因为其家之所不悦。适会其病,其夫与其舅姑遂不之视而急弃之,使至于死。始其死时,余怨之,虽尤吾之人亦不直浚。独余友发闻而深悲之,曰:‘夫彼何足尤者!子自知其贤,而不择以予人,咎则在子,而尚谁怨?’予闻其言而深悲之。其后八年,而予乃作自尤诗。”
  37. ^ 苏轼《乳母任氏墓志铭》:“乳亡姊八娘及轼。”
  38. ^ 袁枚《随园诗话》:“东坡止有二妹;一适柳,一适程也。今俗传为秦少游之妻,误矣!”
  39. ^ 《宋史·卷三百三十八·列传第九十七》
  40. ^ 马永卿辑《元城语录》卷上
  41. ^ 《跋东坡<醉翁操>》
  42. ^ 黄庭坚《跋东坡墨迹》
  43. ^ 苏辙《亡兄子瞻端明墓志铭》
  44. ^ 《渔隐丛话》前集卷四十二引《王直方诗话》
  45. ^ 苏轼传记与集评
  46. ^ 碧鸡漫志》卷二
  47. ^ 宋史·列传第九十七》(卷三百三十八):“高宗即位,赠资政殿学士,以其孙符为礼部尚书。又以其文寘左右,读之终日忘倦,谓为文章之宗,亲制集赞,赐其曾孙峤。遂崇赠太师,谥文忠。轼三子:迈、迨、过,俱善为文。迈,驾部员外郎。迨,承务郎。”
  48. ^ 陆游《老学庵笔记》
  49. ^ 汲古阁本向子????《酒边词序》
  50. ^ 苏轼传记与集评
  51. ^ 元好问《遗山文集》卷三十六《新轩乐府引》
  52. ^ 王士祯《花草蒙拾》
  53. ^ 《介存斋论词杂著》
  54. ^ 苏轼传记与集评
  55. ^ 曾国藩文集
  56. ^ 王鹏运《半塘遗稿》
  57. ^ 苏轼传记与集评
  58. ^ 吷庵《手批东坡词》
  59. ^ 王国维《清真先生遗事·尚论三》
  60. ^ 钱穆《国史大纲》
  61. ^ 《苏东坡传·原序》,林语堂著,张振玉译
  62. ^ 衣若芬:为什么李白、杜甫不是“千年英雄”?. 联合早报网. 2018-01-06 [2018-02-22] (英语).
  63. ^ 东坡缘何成为千年英雄?让皮埃尔解密苏东坡有一颗自由的灵魂_眉山新闻_四川新闻_四川在线. sichuan.scol.com.cn.[2018-02-22].
  64. ^ 衣若芬:为什么李白、杜甫不是“千年英雄”?. 联合早报网. 2018-01-06 [2018-02-22] (英语).
  65. ^ 龚颐正《芥隐笔记·杀之三宥之三》
  66. ^ 《皇宋治迹统类》:“明堂降赦,臣僚称贺讫,两省官欲往奠司马光。程颐言:‘子于是日,哭则不歌。岂可贺赦才了,即往吊丧?’坐客有难之曰:‘孔子言哭则不歌,即不言歌则不哭。’苏轼遂戏程曰:‘此乃枉死市叔孙通所制礼也。’众皆大笑。结怨之端,盖自此始。”
  67. ^ 《程子微言》:“他日国忌,祷于相国寺,伊川令供素馔,子瞻诘之曰:‘正叔不好佛,胡为食素?’正叔曰:‘礼,居丧不饮酒食肉,忌日,丧之余也。’子瞻令具肉食,曰:‘为刘氏者左袒。’于是范淳夫辈食素,秦、黄辈食肉。”
  68. ^ 《栾城后集》卷二一《书白乐天集后二首》说他“少年知读佛书,习禅定。”
  69. ^ 宣化:《一屁蹦过江——苏东坡》,《宣化上人讲述》;台湾世新大学中文系教授黄启方指出“故事虽流传甚广,实乃子虚乌有”(《东坡和佛印》,载2010年4月21日《联合报》副刊)。
  70. ^ 《全唐诗》卷806
  71. ^ 翁方纲,《粤东金石略》
  72. ^ 词条名称:轼. 教育百科.
  73. ^ 词条名称:车辙. 教育百科.
  74. ^ 俞兆良、方丽萍. 苏东坡的酒肉人生与他的豁达情怀——以东坡酒和东坡肉为例. 乐山师范学院学报. 2016. doi:10.16069/j.cnki.51-1610/g4.2016.01.003.
  75. ^ 词条名称:百事可乐
  76. ^ 刘建维. 《苏东坡》入选2017年优秀国产纪录片 曾在黄冈多地取景拍摄_荆楚网. news.cnhubei.com. [2018-02-22]. (原始内容存档于2018-02-22).

参考书目

研究书目

外部链接



Su Shi (Chinese / 苏轼;8 January 1037 – 24 August 1101), courtesy name Zizhan (Chinese), art name Dongpo (Chinese), was a Chinese calligraphergastronomepainterpharmacologistpoet, politician, and writer of the Song dynasty. A major personality of the Song era, Su was an important figure in Song Dynasty politics, aligning himself with Sima Guang and others, against the New Policy party led by Wang Anshi.

Su Shi is widely regarded as one of the most accomplished figures in classical Chinese literature, having produced some of the most well-known poems, lyrics, prose, and essays. Su Shi was famed as an essayist, and his prose writings lucidly contribute to the understanding of topics such as 11th-century Chinese travel literature or detailed information on the contemporary Chinese iron industry. His poetry has a long history of popularity and influence in China, Japan, and other areas in the near vicinity and is well known in the English-speaking parts of the world through the translations by Arthur Waley, among others. In terms of the arts, Su Shi has some claim to being "the pre-eminent personality of the eleventh century." Dongpo pork, a prominent dish in Hangzhou cuisine, is named in his honor.
 

Life

Su Shi was born in Meishan, near Mount Emei today Sichuan province. His brother Su Zhe and his father Su Xun were both famous literati. His given name, Shi (轼), refers to the crossbar railing at the front of a chariot; Su Xun felt that the railing was a humble, but indispensable, part of a carriage.

Su's early education was conducted under a Taoist priest at a local village school. Later his educated mother took over. Su married at the age of 17. Su and his younger brother (Zhe) had a close relationship, and in 1057, when Su was 19, he and his brother both passed the (highest-level) civil service examinations to attain the degree of jinshi, a prerequisite for high government office. His accomplishments at such a young age attracted the attention of Emperor Renzong, and also that of Ouyang Xiu, who became Su's patron thereafter. Ouyang had already been known as an admirer of Su Xun, sanctioning his literary style at court and stating that no other pleased him more. When the 1057 jinshi examinations were given, Ouyang Xiu required—without prior notice—that candidates were to write in the ancient prose style when answering questions on the Confucian classics. The Su brothers gained high honors for what were deemed impeccable answers and achieved celebrity status, especially in the case of Su Shi's exceptional performance in the subsequent 1061 decree examinations.

Beginning in 1060 and throughout the following twenty years, Su held a variety of government positions throughout China; most notably in Hangzhou, where he was responsible for constructing a pedestrian causeway across the West Lake that still bears his name: sudi (苏堤, 蘇堤, Su causeway). He had served as a magistrate in Mi Prefecture, which is located in modern-day Zhucheng County of Shandong province. Later, when he was governor of Xuzhou, he wrote a memorial to the throne in 1078 complaining about the troubling economic conditions and potential for armed rebellion in Liguo Industrial Prefecture, where a large part of the Chinese iron industry was located.

Su Shi was often at odds with a political faction headed by Wang Anshi. Su Shi once wrote a poem criticizing Wang Anshi's reforms, especially the government monopoly imposed on the salt industry. The dominance of the reformist faction at court allowed the New Policy Group greater ability to have Su Shi exiled for political crimes. The claim was that Su was criticizing the emperor, when in fact Su Shi's poetry was aimed at criticizing Wang's reforms. It should be said that Wang Anshi played no part in this action against Su, for he had retired from public life in 1076 and established a cordial relationship with Su Shi. Su Shi's first remote trip of exile (1080–1086) was to Huangzhou, Hubei. This post carried a nominal title, but no stipend, leaving Su in poverty. During this period, he began Buddhist meditation. With help from a friend, Su built a small residence on a parcel of land in 1081. Su Shi lived at a farm called Dongpo ('Eastern Slope'), from which he took his literary pseudonym. While banished to Hubei province, he grew fond of the area he lived in; many of the poems considered his best were written in this period. His most famous piece of calligraphy, Han Shi Tie, was also written there. In 1086, Su and all other banished statesmen were recalled to the capital due to the ascension of a new government. However, Su was banished a second time (1094–1100) to Huizhou (now in Guangdong province) and Hainan island. In 1098 the Dongpo Academy in Hainan was built on the site of the residence that he lived in whilst in exile.

Although political bickering and opposition usually split ministers of court into rivaling groups, there were moments of non-partisanship and cooperation from both sides. For example, although the prominent scientist and statesman Shen Kuo (1031–1095) was one of Wang Anshi's most trusted associates and political allies, Shen nonetheless befriended Su Shi. Su Shi was aware that it was Shen Kuo who, as regional inspector of Zhejiang, presented Su Shi's poetry to the court sometime between 1073 and 1075 with concern that it expressed abusive and hateful sentiments against the Song court. It was these poetry pieces that Li Ding and Shu Dan later utilized in order to instigate a law case against Su Shi, although until that point Su Shi did not think much of Shen Kuo's actions in bringing the poetry to light.

After a long period of political exile, Su received a pardon in 1100 and was posted to Chengdu. However, he died in ChangzhouJiangsu province after his period of exile and while he was en route to his new assignment in the year 1101. Su Shi was 64 years old. After his death he gained even greater popularity, as people sought to collect his calligraphy, paintings depicting him, stone inscriptions marking his visit to numerous places, and built shrines in his honor. He was also depicted in artwork made posthumously, such as in Li Song's (1190–1225) painting of Su traveling in a boat, known as Su Dongpo at Red Cliff, after Su Song's poem written about a 3rd-century Chinese battle.

Family

A depiction of Su Shi from 1743

Su Shi had three wives. His first wife was Wang Fu (王弗, 1039–1065), an astute, quiet lady from Sichuan who married him at the age of sixteen. She died 13 years later in 1065, on the second day of the fifth Chinese lunar month (Gregorian calendar June 14), after bearing him a son, Su Mai (蘇邁). Heartbroken, Su wrote a memorial for her (《亡妻王氏墓志銘》), stating Fu was not just a virtuous wife but advised him frequently on the integrity of his acquaintances when he was an official.

Ten years after the death of his first wife, Su composed a (ci) poem after dreaming of the deceased Fu in the night at Mi Prefecture. The poem, To the tune of 'Of Jinling' (江城子), remains one of the most famous poems Su wrote.

In 1068, two years after Wang Fu's death, Su married Wang Runzhi (王閏之, 1048–93), cousin of his first wife, and 11 years his junior. Wang Runzhi spent the next 15 years accompanying Su through his ups and downs in officialdom and political exile. Su praised Runzhi for being an understanding wife who treated his three sons equally (his eldest, Su Mai(苏迈,蘇邁), was born by Fu). Once, Su was angry with his young son for not understanding his unhappiness during his political exile. Wang chided Su for his silliness, prompting Su to write the domestic poem Young Son (《小兒》).

Wang Runzhi died in 1093, at forty-six, after bearing Su two sons, Su Dai (苏迨,蘇迨) and Su Guo (苏过,蘇過). Overcame with grief, Su expressed his wish to be buried with her in her memorial (see memorial 《祭亡妻同安郡君文》). On his second wife's second birthday after her death, Su wrote another ci poem, To the tune of 'Butterflies going after Flowers' (《蝶戀花》), for her.

Su's third wife, Wang Zhaoyun (王朝雲, 1062–1095) was his handmaiden who was a former Qiantang singing artiste. Wang was only about ten (eleven sui) when she became his personal slave. After she taught, herself to read though she was formerly illiterate. Zhaoyun was probably the most famous of Su's companions. Su's friend Qin Guan wrote a poem, A Gift for Dongpo's concubine Zhaoyun (《贈東坡妾朝雲》), praising her beauty and lovely voice. Su dedicated a number of his poems to Zhaoyun, like To the Tune of 'Song of the South’《南歌子》, Verses for Zhaoyun (《朝雲詩》), To the Tune of 'The Beauty Who asks One to Stay' (《殢人嬌·贈朝雲》), To the Tune of 'The Moon at Western Stream' 《西江月》. Zhaoyun remained a faithful companion to Su after Runzhi's death, but died of illness on 13 August 1095 (紹聖三年七月五日) at Huizhou. Zhaoyun bore Su a son, Su Dun (蘇遁) on 15 November 1083, who died in his infancy. After Zhaoyun's death, Su never married again.

Being a government official in a family of officials, Su was often separated from his loved ones depending on his posting. In 1078, he was serving as prefect of Suzhou. His beloved younger brother was able to join him for the mid-autumn festival, which inspired the poem "Mid-Autumn Moon" reflecting on the preciousness of time with family. It was written to be sung to the tune of "Yang Pass."

As evening clouds withdraw a clear cool air floods in
the jade wheel passes silently across the Silver River
this life this night has rarely been kind
where will we see this moon next year
(translation by Red Pine)

Su Shi had three adult sons, the eldest son being Su Mai (蘇邁), who would also become a government official by 1084. Su Dai (蘇迨) and Su Guo (蘇過) are his other sons. When Su Shi died in 1101, his younger brother Su Zhe (蘇轍) buried him alongside second wife Wang Runzhi according to his wishes.

Work

Poetry

Calligraphy by Su Shi: A detail of The Cold Food Observance (寒食帖)

Around 2,700 of Su Song's poems have survived, along with 800 written letters. Su Dongpo excelled in the shici and fu forms of poetry, as well as prosecalligraphy and painting. Some of his notable works include the First and Second Chibifu (赤壁賦 The Red Cliffs, written during his first exile), Nian Nu Jiao: Chibi Huai Gu (念奴嬌.赤壁懷古 Remembering Chibi, to the tune of Nian Nu Jiao) and Shui diao ge tou (水調歌頭 Remembering Su Zhe on the Mid-Autumn Festival, 中秋节,中秋節). The two former poems were inspired by the 3rd century naval battle of the Three Kingdoms era, the Battle of Chibi in the year 208. The bulk of his poems are in the shi style, but his poetic fame rests largely on his 350 ci style poems. Su Shi also founded the haofang school, which cultivated an attitude of heroic abandon. In both his written works and his visual art, he combined spontaneity, objectivity and vivid descriptions of natural phenomena. Su Shi wrote essays as well, many of which are on politics and governance, including his Liuhoulun (留侯論). His popular politically charged poetry was often the reason for the wrath of Wang Anshi's supporters towards him, culminating with the Crow Terrace Poetry Trial of 1079. He also wrote poems on Buddhist topics, including a poem later extensively commented on by Eihei Dōgen, the founder of the Japanese Sōtō school of Zen, in a chapter of his work Shōbōgenzō entitled The Sounds of Valley Streams, the Forms of Mountains.

Travel record literature

The Su Dongpo Memorial of Huizhou.

Su Shi also wrote of his travel experiences in 'daytrip essays', which belonged in part to the popular Song era literary category of 'travel record literature' (youji wenxue) that employed the use of narrativediary, and prose styles of writing. Although other works in Chinese travel literature contained a wealth of culturalgeographicaltopographical, and technical information, the central purpose of the daytrip essay was to use a setting and event in order to convey a philosophical or moral argument, which often employed persuasive writing. For example, Su Shi's daytrip essay known as Record of Stone Bell Mountain investigates and then judges whether or not ancient texts on 'stone bells' were factually accurate.

A memorial concerning the iron industry

An illustration of a blast furnace smelting cast iron, with bellows operated by a waterwheel and mechanical device, from the Nong Shu, by Wang Zhen, 1313 AD

While acting as Governor of Xuzhou, Su Shi in 1078 AD wrote a memorial to the imperial court about problems faced in the Liguo Industrial Prefecture which was under his watch and administration. In an interesting and revealing passage about the Chinese iron industry during the latter half of the 11th century, Su Shi wrote about the enormous size of the workforce employed in the iron industry, competing provinces that had rival iron manufacturers seeking favor from the central government, as well as the danger of rising local strongmen who had the capability of raiding the industry and threatening the government with effectively armed rebellion. It also becomes clear in reading the text that prefectural government officials in Su's time often had to negotiate with the central government in order to meet the demands of local conditions.

Technical issues of hydraulic engineering

During the ancient Han Dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD) of China, the sluice gate and canal lock of the flash lock had been known. By the 10th century the latter design was improved upon in China with the invention of the canal pound lock, allowing different adjusted levels of water along separated and gated segments of a canal. This innovation allowed for larger transport barges to pass safely without danger of wrecking upon the embankments, and was an innovation praised by those such as Shen Kuo (1031–1095). Shen also wrote in his Dream Pool Essays of the year 1088 that, if properly used, sluice gates positioned along irrigation canals were most effective in depositing silt for fertilization. Writing earlier in his Dongpo Zhilin of 1060, Su Shi came to a different conclusion, writing that the Chinese of a few centuries past had perfected this method and noted that it was ineffective in use by his own time.

Although Su Shi made no note of it in his writing, the root of this problem was merely the needs of agriculture and transportation conflicting with one another.

Gastronome

Su is called one of the four classical gastronomes. The other three are Ni Zan (1301–74), Xu Wei (1521–93), and Yuan Mei (1716–97). There is a legend, for which there is no evidence, that by accident he invented Dongpo pork, a famous dish in later centuries. Lin Hsiang Ju and Lin Tsuifeng in their scholarly Chinese Gastronomy give a recipe, "The Fragrance of Pork: Tungpo Pork", and remark that the "square of fat is named after Su Dongpo, the poet, for unknown reasons. Perhaps it is just because he would have liked it." A story runs that once Su Dongpo decided to make stewed pork. Then an old friend visited him in the middle of the cooking and challenged him to a game of Chinese chess. Su had totally forgotten the stew, which in the meantime had now become extremely thick-cooked, until its very fragrant smell reminded him of it.[citation needed]

Su, to explain his vegetarian inclinations, said that he never had been comfortable with killing animals for his dinner table, but had a craving for certain foods, such as clams, so he couldn't desist. When he was imprisoned his views changed. "Since my imprisonment I have not killed a single thing... having experienced such worry and danger myself, when I felt just like a fowl waiting in the kitchen, I can no longer bear to cause any living creature to suffer immeasurable fright and pain simply to please my palate."

See also

Wood and Rock

Notes

  1. ^ 《献曲求诗》:元丰五年十二月十九日东坡生日,置酒赤壁矶下,踞高峰,酒酣,笛声起于江上。客有郭、尤二生,颇知音,谓坡曰:“笛声有新意,非俗工也。”使人问之,则进士李委闻坡生日,作南曲目《鹤南飞》以献。呼之使前,则青巾紫裘腰笛而已。既奏新曲,又快作数弄,嘹然有穿云石之声,坐客皆引满醉倒。委袖出嘉纸注一幅曰:“吾无求于公,得一绝句足矣。”坡笑而从之。
  2. ^ Murck (2000), p. 31.
  3. Jump up to:a b Red Pine, Poems of the Masters, Copper Canyon Press, 2003.
  4. Jump up to:a b c d e f g Ebrey, Cambridge Illustrated History of China, 140.
  5. Jump up to:a b c Hymes, 61.
  6. ^ Wagner, 178
  7. ^ Hegel, 13
  8. Jump up to:a b Ebrey, East Asia, 164.
  9. Jump up to:a b Hegel, 14
  10. Jump up to:a b Hartman, 22.
  11. ^ Dreaming of My Deceased Wife on the Night of the 20th Day of the First Month
  12. ^ "Su Shi's poetry at Chinapage.org". Archived from the originalon 28 July 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2007.
  13. ^ http://www.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/~twsung/song/thesis/th14.pdf
  14. ^ See Su Su's 悼朝雲詩
  15. ^ Hargett, 75.
  16. ^ Bielefeldt, Carl (2013), "Sound of the Stream, Form of the Mountain: Keisei Sanshoku" (PDF)Dharma Eye, Sotoshu Shumucho (31): 21–29
  17. Jump up to:a b Hargett, 74.
  18. ^ Hargett, 67-73.
  19. ^ Hargett, 74–76
  20. ^ Wagner, 178–179
  21. ^ Needham, Volume 4, Part 3, 344-350.
  22. ^ Needham, Volume 4, Part 3, 350-351.
  23. ^ Needham, Volume 4, Part 3, 351-352.
  24. ^ Needham, Volume 4, Part 3, 230-231.
  25. Jump up to:a b Needham Volume 4, Part 3, 230.
  26. ^ Endymion Wilkinson, Chinese History: A Manual (Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press, Rev. and enl., 2000): 634.
  27. ^ Hsiang-Ju Lin and Tsuifeng Lin, with a Foreword and Introduction by Lin Yutang, Chinese Gastronomy. New York,: Hastings House, 1969 ISBN 0-8038-1131-4. Various reprints, p 55.
  28. ^ Egan, Word, Image, and Deed, p. 52-53.
  29. ^ https://www.christies.com/auctions/sushi

Translations

  • Watson, Burton (translator). Selected Poems of Su Tung-p'o (English only) (Copper Canyon Press, 1994)
  • Xu Yuanchong (translator). Selected Poems of Su Shi. (Chinese with English translations). Hunan: Hunan People's Publishing House, 2007.

Bibliography

  • Ebrey, Walthall, Palais (2006). East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-618-13384-4.
  • Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (1999). The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-43519-6 (hardback); ISBN 0-521-66991-X (paperback).
  • Egan, Ronald. Word, Image, and Deed in the Life of Su Shi. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press, Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series, 1994. ISBN 0-674-95598-6.
  • Fuller, Michael Anthony. The Road to East Slope: The Development of Su Shi's Poetic Voice. Stanford University Press, 1990. ISBN 0-8047-1587-4.
  • Hargett, James M. "Some Preliminary Remarks on the Travel Records of the Song Dynasty (960-1279)," Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews (CLEAR) (July 1985): 67-93.
  • Hartman, Charles. "Poetry and Politics in 1079: The Crow Terrace Poetry Case of Su Shih," Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews (CLEAR) (Volume 12, 1990): 15–44.
  • Hatch, George. (1993) "Su Hsun's Pragmatic Statecraft" in Ordering the World : Approaches to State and Society in Sung Dynasty China, ed. Robert P. Hymes, 59–76. Berkeley: Berkeley University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-07691-4.
  • Hegel, Robert E. "The Sights and Sounds of Red Cliffs: On Reading Su Shi," Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews (CLEAR) (Volume 20 1998): 11-30.
  • Lin, YutangThe Gay Genius: The Life and Times of Su Tungpo. J. Day Co., 1947. ISBN 0-8371-4715-8.
  • Murck, Alfreda (2000). Poetry and Painting in Song China: The Subtle Art of Dissent. Harvard University Asia Center. ISBN 978-0-674-00782-6.
  • Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 1, Introductory Orientations. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
  • Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 3, Civil Engineering and Nautics. Taipei: Caves Books Ltd.
  • Sivin, Nathan (1995). "Shen Kua." In Sivin's Science in Ancient China: Researches and Reflections, text III: 1-53. Haldershot (Hampshire, England), and Burlington (Vermont, USA): VARIORUM, Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 0-86078-492-4.
  • Wagner, Donald B. "The Administration of the Iron Industry in Eleventh-Century China," Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (Volume 44 2001): 175-197.
  • Yang, Vincent. Nature and Self: A Study of the Poetry of Su Dongpo, With Comparisons to the Poetry of William Wordsworth (American University Studies, Series III). Peter Lang Pub Inc, 1989. ISBN 0-8204-0939-1.

Further reading

External links

rén jiǎn jiè Biography
苏轼 人物简介
苏轼
苏轼
   shì ( 1037 nián 1 yuè 8 1101 nián 8 yuè 24 ), zhānyòu zhònghào dōng shì shì rén chēng wéi dōng ”。 běi sòng zhù míng wén xué jiāshū huà jiāshī rénháo fàng pài rén dài biǎohàn méi zhōujīn chuān méi shānběi sòng shí wéi méi shān chéngrén luán chéngshǐ shū jìzǎi shì shēn cháng chǐ sān cùn yòu . shì wéi rén huò xīn xiōng kuān guǎngsòng gāo zōng qián tōng liù niánzèng tài shī shì shì xún de zhǎngzǐjiā yòu 'èr nián( 1057 nián zhé tóng dēng jìn shìshòu píng shìqiān shū fèng xiáng pàn guān níng 'èr nián( 1069 nián), sàng shǒu zhì mǎn hái cháowéi pàn guān gào yuàn wáng 'ān shí zhèng jiàn fǎn duì tuī xíng xīn bìng fēi wán quán tóng hái shì yòu fēn rèn deqián fǎn duìhòu shēn mín jiānliǎo jiě dào xīn de hǎo chùzhuǎn 'ér zàn chéng xīn de hǎo de fāng miàn。), qǐng wài rènchū wéi háng zhōu tōng pànqiān zhī zhōujīn shān dōng zhū chéng), zhī zhōuyuán fēng 'èr nián( 1079 nián), tái shī 'àn”, shòu huáng zhōujīn běi huáng gāngtuán liàn shǐběn zhōu 'ān zhì , qiān shū gōng wénzhé zōng gāo tài hòu lín cháobèi wéi cháo fèng láng zhī dēng zhōujīn shān dōng péng lāi); 4 yuè hòu , qiān wéi láng zhōng ; rèn wèi xún chú shè rénqiān zhōng shū shè rényòu qiān hàn lín xué shì zhī zhì gàoèr pǐn), zhī gòng yuán yòu nián( 1089 niánchū zhī háng zhōuhòu gǎi zhī yǐng zhōuzhī yáng zhōudìng zhōuyuán yòu nián( 1093 niánzhé zōng qīn zhèngbèi yuǎn biǎn huì zhōujīn guǎng dōng huì yáng), zài biǎn chāng huà jūnjīn hǎi nán dàn zhōu shì)。 huī zōng wèi shè běi guījiàn zhōng jìng guó yuán nián( 1101 nián cháng zhōujīn shǔ jiāng ), zàng zhōu jiá chéng xiànjīn nán jiá xiàn), xiǎng nián liù shí liù suì de qīn xún( 1009 nián héng 1066 nián)、 zhé( 1039 nián héng 1112 niánjiē wén xué míng shìshì chēngsān ”; hàn sān cáo ”( cáo cāocáo cáo zhí míng。”“ sān wéi táng sòng jiā zhōng de sān wèitáng sòng jiā shì táng sòng shí sǎnwén dài biǎo zuò jiā de chēng táng dài de hán liǔ zōng yuán sòng dài de 'ōu yáng xiū xún shì zhéwáng 'ān shícéng gǒng。( fēn wéi táng 'èr jiā sòng liù jiā)】。 zuò wéi jié chū de rénkāipì liǎo háo fàng fēngtóng jié chū rén xīn bìng chēng wéi xīn”。 zài shī shàng huáng tíng jiān bìng chēng huáng”。 shì de zuò pǐn yòudōng 》、《 dōng yuèfǔqián hòu chì děngzài zhèng zhì shàng shǔ guāng wéi lǐng xiù de jiù dǎngzài shū fāng miàn chéng jiù huáng tíng jiān fèicài xiāng bìng chēngsòng jiā "。 zài shī zhōng nán miǎn yòu xiē zhèng zhì xiǎng
shì shēng píng Sushi Life
  sòng jiā shì de qīn xúnsān jīng dào deèr shí shǐ fènde lǎo quán”。 xún fèn suī wǎndàn yòng gōng shèn qín shì wǎn nián céng huí yòu nián suí shū de zhuàng kuànggǎn jué shēn shòu yǐng xiǎngdāng ránjiǎ ruò méi yòu xún de fèn shū jiù néng shǐ shì yòu nián chéng shòu hǎo de jiā jiàogèng néng nián wèi guān xué tōng jīng shǐzhǔwén shù qiān yán”, jiù gèng néng yòu hòu de wén xué chéng jiù
   jiā yòu yuán nián( 1056 nián), suì 'èr shí de shì shǒu chū chuān jīngcān jiā cháo tíng de kǎo shì nián cān jiā liǎo de kǎo shì piānxíng shǎng zhōng hòu zhī zhì lùnhuò zhù kǎo guān 'ōu yáng xiū de shǎng shíquè yīn chā yáng cuò gāo zhōng jìn shì 'èr míng
   jiā yòu liù nián( 1061 nián), shì yìng zhōng zhì kǎo shì tōng cháng suǒ wèisān nián jīng chá”, sān děngwéibǎi nián shòu píng shìqiān shū fèng xiáng pàn guānhòu féng biàn jīng bìng dīng yōu sàng guī níng 'èr nián( 1069 nián mǎn hái cháoréng shòu běn zhí cháo wéi guān zhī shízhèng shì běi sòng kāi shǐ chū xiàn zhèng zhì wēi de shí hòufán róng de bèi hòu yǐn cáng zhe wēi shí shén zōng wèirèn yòng wáng 'ān shí zhī chí biàn shì de duō shī yǒubāo kuò dāng chū shǎng shí de 'ēn shī 'ōu yáng xiū zài nèiyīn zài xīn de shī xíng shàng xīn rèn zǎixiàng wáng 'ān shí zhèng jiàn bèi jīngcháo jiù diāo líng shì yǎn zhōng suǒ jiàn de shì 'èr shí suì shí suǒ jiàn depíng shì jiè”。
   shì yīn zài fǎn jīng de zhōng jiàn dào xīn duì tōng lǎo bǎi xìng de sǔn hàihěn tóng cān zhī zhèng shì wáng 'ān shí de zuò rèn wéi xīn néng biàn mínbiàn shàng shū fǎn duìzhè yàng zuò de jiēguǒbiàn shì xiàng de xiē bèi jīng de shī yǒu yàng róng cháo tíng shì shì qiú wài fàngdiào rèn háng zhōu tōng pàn
   shì zài háng zhōu dài liǎo sān niánrèn mǎn hòubèi diào wǎng zhōu zhōu zhōu děng rèn zhī zhōuzhèng xiǎn shēn mín xīn shì
   zhè yàng chí liǎo gài shí nián shì dào liǎo shēng píng huò shìdāng shí yòu rén dìng děng rén de shī niǔ zuò wén zhāngyuán fēng 'èr nián( 1079 nián), shì dào rèn zhōu hái dào sān yuèjiù yīn wéi zuò shī fěng xīn ,“ wén huǐ bàng jūn xiāngde zuì míngbèi xià shǐ chēng tái shī 'àn”。
   shì zuò láo 103 tiān bīn lín bèi kǎn tóu de jìng xìng kuī běi sòng zài tài zhào kuāng yìn nián jiān dìng xià shā shì de guó shì cái suàn duǒ guò jié
   chū hòu shì bèi jiàng zhí wéi huáng zhōu tuán liàn shǐxiāng dāng xiàn dài mín jiān de wèi duì duì cháng)。 zhè zhí wèi xiāng dāng wēibìng shí quánér shí shì jīng biàn xīn huī lǎn gōng biàn dài lǐng jiā rén kāi kěn chéng dōng de kuài zhòngtián bāng shēng 。“ dōng shìde bié hào biàn shì zài zhè shí de
   sòng shén zōng yuán fēng nián( 1084 nián), shì kāi huáng zhōufèng zhào zhōu jiù rènyóu cháng shè láo dùn shì de yòu 'ér xìng yāo zhé zhōu yáo yuǎnqiě fèi jìnzài jiā shàng sàng zhī tòng shì biàn shàng shū cháo tíngqǐng qiú zàn shí zhōuxiān dào cháng zhōu zhùhòu bèi zhǔndāng zhǔn bèi nán fǎn cháng zhōu shíshén zōng jià bēng
   zhé zōng wèigāo tài hòu tīng zhèngxīn dǎng shì dǎo tái guāng chóngxīn bèi yòng wéixiàng shì shì nián láng zhōng bèi zhào hái cháozài cháo bàn yuèshēng shè rénsān yuè hòushēng zhōng shū shè rén jiǔ yòu shēng hàn lín xué shì zhī zhì gàowéi huáng cǎo zhào shū de shū)。
   huà shuō:“ jīng guān hǎo dāng。” dāng shì kàn dào xīn xīng shì pīn mìng zhì wáng 'ān shí tuán de rén jìn fèi xīn hòurèn wéi suǒ wèiwáng dǎng guò yīqiūzhīhézài xiàng huáng chū jiàn
   shì zhì shì néng róng xīn dǎngyòu néng jiàn liàng jiù dǎngyīn 'ér zài qiú wài diào lóng xué shì de shēn fènzài dào kuò bié liǎo shí liù nián de háng zhōu dāng tài shǒu shì zài háng zhōu xiū liǎo xiàng zhòng de shuǐ jiàn shèshū jùn , yòng chū de zài bàng biān zhù liǎo dào jiù shì zhù míng de ”。
   shì zài háng zhōu guò hěn qiè táng dài de bái dàn yuán yòu liù nián( 1091 nián), yòu bèi zhào huí cháodàn jiǔ yòu yīn wéi zhèng jiàn wài fàng yǐng zhōuyuán yòu nián( 1093 niánxīn dǎng zài zhí zhèngzài bèi biǎn zhì huì yángjīn guǎng dōng huì zhōu shì)。 ér hòu shì yòu bèi zài biǎn zhì gèng yuǎn de dàn zhōujīn hǎi nán)。 shuō zài sòng cháofàng zhú hǎi nán shì jǐn mǎn mén chāo zhǎn zuì qīng děng de chǔfáhòu huī zōng wèidiào lián zhōu 'ān zhìshū zhōu tuán liàn shǐyǒng zhōu 'ān zhìyuán sān nián( 1101 nián shè rèn cháo fèng lángběi guī zhōng cháng zhōushì hào wén zhōngxiǎng nián liù shí suìyīn wéi wéi 12 yuè 19 suǒ shēngsuǒ nián líng shí liǎng suì)。
wén xué shù Literary Arts
   shì de wén xué guān diǎn 'ōu yáng xiū mài xiāng chéngdàn gèng qiáng diào wén xué de chuàng xìngbiǎo xiàn shù jià zhí de wén xué xiǎng qiáng diàoyòu wéi 'ér zuò”, chóng shàng ránbǎi tuō shù ,“ chū xīn zhī zhōng miào háo fàng zhī wài”。 rèn wéi zuò wén yìng dào xíng yún liú shuǐchū dìng zhìdàn cháng xíng suǒ dāng xíngcháng zhǐ suǒ zhǐwén rán tài héng shēng”(《 xiè mín shī shū》) de shù jìng jiè shì sǎnwén zhù shù hóng hán liǔ zōng yuán 'ōu yáng xiū sān jiā bìng chēngwén zhāng fēng píng liú chàngháo fàng shì hóng dōng zuǒ xīn( xīn) yòu yǔnchí shuō:“ wén huàn rán shuǐ zhī zhìmàn yǎn hào dàng rán chéng wén。” shì 'ōu yáng xiū bìng chēngōu ”, shìtáng sòng jiāzhī shì shì 'ōu yáng xiū zhī hòu zhù chí běi sòng wén tán de lǐng xiù rén zài dāng shí de zuò jiā zhōng jiān xiǎng yòu de shēng shí zhī jiāo yóu huò jiē shòu de zhǐ dǎo zhě shèn duōběi sòng wén xué jiā huáng tíng jiānqín guāncháo zhī zhāng lěi céng dào de péi yǎngjiǎng jiàn chēng mén xué shì
   shī xiàn cún yuē qiān shǒu shī nèi róng guǎng kuòfēng duō yàngér háo fàng wéi zhù zòng héngqióng biàn huàn yòu làng màn zhù cǎiwéi sòng shī zhǎn kāipì liǎo xīn de dào xiè xīng yuán shīshuō:“ shì zhī shī jìng jiè jiē kāipì jīn zhī suǒ wèi yòutiān wàn xiào duān。” zhào ōu běi shī huàshuō:“ wén wéi shī chāng shǐzhì dōng fàng jué bié kāi shēng miànchéng dài zhī guānyóu zhětiān shēng jiàn zhīshuǎng 'āi kuài wéi bìng jiǎnyòu zhī yǐn nán xiǎn zhī qíng suǒ hòu wéi jiā ér chù zài 。” shī qīng xīn háo jiànshàn yòng kuā zhāng zài shù biǎo xiàn fāng miàn fēng shǎo shù shī piān néng fǎn yìng mín jiān zhǐ tǒng zhì zhě de shē chǐ jiāo zòng kāi háo fàng pàiduì hòu dài hěn yòu yǐng xiǎng。《 niàn jiāo · chì huái 》、《 shuǐ diào tóu · bǐng chén zhōng qiūchuán sòng shèn guǎngshī wén yòudōng děng
   shì de xiàn cún sān bǎi shí duō shǒuchōng liǎo zhuān xiě nán liàn qíng chóu bié de xiá zhǎi cái yòu guǎng kuò de shè huì nèi róng shì zài guó shǐ shàng zhàn yòu shū de wèi jiāng běi sòng shī wén xīn yùn dòng de jīng shénkuò dào de lǐng sǎo chú liǎo wǎn táng dài lái de chuán tǒng fēngkāi chuàng liǎo wǎn yuē pài bìng de háo fàng pàikuò liǎo de cáifēng liǎo de jìngchōng liǎo shī zhuāng mèi de jiè xiànduì de xīn zhǎn zuò chū liǎo zhòng gòng xiànmíng zuò yòuniàn jiāo》、《 shuǐ diào tóuděngkāi háo fàng pài de xiān xīn bìng chēng xīn”。 liú chén wēng zàixīn jià xuān shuō:“ zhì dōng qīng dàng lěi luò shī wén tiān guān。”
   shì hái shàn cháng xíngjiē shū huáng tíng jiān fèicài xiāng bìng chēngsòng jiā”。 céng biàn xué jìntáng dài míng jiā wáng sēng qián yōng hàoyán zhēn qīngyáng níng shìér chéng jiā chuàng xīn yòng fēng diē dàngyòu tiān zhēn làn màn zhī .。 yún:“ shū zào běn ”; yòu yún:“ chū xīn jiàn rén。” huáng tíng jiān shuō :“ zǎo nián yòng jīng dào lǎo jiàn jìn rán”; yòu yún:“ dào huáng zhōu hòu chè yòu 。” wǎn nián yòu xié yòu hǎi wài fēng tāo zhī shìjiā zhī xué wènxiōng jīnshí jiàn chù chù guò rénér shēng yòu jīng kǎn shū fēng fēng diē dàngtiān zhēn hào hànguān shū xiǎng xiàng wéi rénrén shū bìng zūnzài dāng shí xiōng zhí yóumàiguòyǒu rén wáng dìng guózhào lìng zhì jūn xiàng xué hòu shǐ míng rén gānghán shì zhōng yóu de kuānqīng dài de zhāng zhī dòng jūn xiàng xué jiàn yǐng xiǎng zhī huáng tíng jiān zàishān shuō:“ běn cháo shàn shū zhě dāng tuī ( ) wéi 。”
   shì zài huì huà fāng miàn huà zhúshī wén tóng wén ), wén gèng jiā jiǎn jìnqiě xiān zhī shì fèi shuō zuò zhúcóng zhí zhì dǐng wèn zhú jié fēnyuēzhú shēng shí cháng zhú jié shēng?” shàn zuò guài shí fèi yòu yún:“ zuò zhī gānqiú duānshí cūn yìng guài guài duān xiōng zhōng pán 。” jūn jiàn zuò huà hěn yòu xiǎng yuǎn lùn shū huà jūn yòu zhuó jiànlùn huà yǐng xiǎng gèng wéi shēn yuǎn zhòng shì shén rèn wéilùn huà xíng jiàn 'ér tóng lín”, zhù zhāng huà wài yòu qínghuà yào yòu tuōfǎn duì xíng fǎn duì chéng shì shù chàngshī huà běn tiān gōng qīng xīn”, bìng míng què chūshì rén huàde gài niàn děnggāo píng jiàshī zhōng yòu huàhuà zhōng yòu shīde shù zào wéi hòuwén rén huàde zhǎn diàn dìng liǎo lùn chǔcún shì shū yòuhuáng zhōu hán shí shī》、《 chì 》、《 xiè mín shī lùn wén huáng dào wén》、《 qián chì děngcún shì huà yòu guài shí juàn》、《 zhú shí 》; yòu jìn nián xiàn dexiāo xiāng zhú shí juàn shì de zuò pǐn
   shì zài cái jùn bèi chū de sòng dàizài shīwénshūhuà děng fāng miàn jūn liǎo dēng fēng zào de chéng jiùshì zhōng guó shǐ shàng shǎo yòu de wén xué shù tiān cái
tái shī 'àn Wutai poem
  sòng shén zōng zài níng nián jiān( 1068 1077) zhòng yòng wáng 'ān shí biàn biàn shī hòuyòu zài yuán fēng nián jiān( 1078~ 1085) cóng shì gǎi zhìjiù zài biàn dào gǎi zhì de zhuǎn zhé guān tóu shēng liǎo shì tái shī 'ànzhè 'àn jiàn xiān yóu jiān chá shǐ dìng gào hòu zài shǐ tái shòu shěn shǐ tái hàn dài lái bié chēng tái”, suǒ 'àn chēng wéi tái shī 'àn”。
   běi sòng shén zōng nián jiān shì yīn wéi fǎn duì xīn bìng zài de shī wén biǎo liǎo duì xīn zhèng de mǎnyóu dāng shí shì wén tán de lǐng xiùrèn yóu shì de shī zài shè huì shàng chuán duì xīn zhèng de tuī xíng hěn suǒ zài shén zōng de xià shì bèi zhuā jìn tái guān jiù shì 4 yuèměi tiān bèi yào jiāo dài qián xiě de shī de yóu lái zhōng diǎn de chū chù
   yóu sòng cháo yòu shā shì de guàn suǒ shì miǎn dàn bèi biǎn wéi huáng zhōu tuán liàn shǐyuán fēng 'èr nián( 1079 nián), shì rèn zhōuzhè jiāng shěng xīng xiàn), yuè zāo shǐ tái suǒ pài qiǎn de huáng zūn děng rén dài men zhǐ zhèng shì zài shī wén zhōng wāi shì shí , fěi bàng cháo tíng shǐ dìng zhèng chénshū dàn děng rén chū shì deháng zhōu shì shīzuò wéi zhèng shuō wán nòng cháo tíng cháo guó jiā shì”, gèng cóng de shī wén zhōng chū 'èr duàn zhāng de jǐyǔ dìng zuì:“ shū wàn juàn zhì jūn yáo shùn zhī shù”, běn lái shì shì shuō méi yòu lèi de shū tōngsuǒ bāng zhù huáng chéng wéi xiàng yáoshùn yàng de shèng rén men què zhǐ shì fěng huáng méi néng jiào dǎojiān guān yòu dōng hǎi ruò zhī míng zhù yìng jiào chì biàn sāng tián”, shuō shì zhǐ xīng xiū shuǐ de zhè cuò shī duì shí shì zài háng zhōu xīng xiū shuǐ gōng chéngzěn huì rèn wéi shì cuò de yòu shì wén sháo wàng jiě wèiěr lái sān yuè shí yánshuō shì fěng jìn zhǐ rén mín mài yánzǒng jié huàshì rèn dìng dǎn gǎn fěng huáng shàng zǎixiàngzuì 'è yīnggāi chǔsǐ xíng
   shì zài shǐ tái nèi zāo dào yán xíng kǎo wèn rèn nán táo zuìzuì hòu zhōng néng xìng miǎn shì nián shí 'èr yuè 'èr shí méng shén zōng de 'ēn bèi pàn liú fàng huáng zhōu běi shěng huáng gāng xiàn), shì bèi jìn jìn bǎi hòu huò shì kāi shǐ tái zhī hòu rén zhè zhuāng 'àn jiàn de gào zhuàng gōng shù shū biān zuǎn wéi tái shī 'àn》。“ tái shǐ tái。《 hàn shū · zhū chuán》:“ shì shí shǐ shè bǎi jǐng shuǐ jiē jiéyòu zhōng liè bǎi shùcháng yòu shù qiān shàngchén láihào yuē zhāoxī 。” hòu shì biàn shǐ wéi shǐ tái wéi táiyóu zhè 'àn de zhě dōushì shǐ tái de yán guān men bāo kuò shǐ zhōng chéng dìngjiān chá shǐ xíng shǐ tái de jiàn shǐ guānshū dàn zhèng chén děngyīn chēng wéi tái shī 'àn”。
   shì zhì huò de yuán yóuchú shàng shù de yòu zuì míngwài shuō shì yīn wéi zuì liǎo dāng shí de zǎixiàng wáng 'ān shídāng shí rén de céng jìzǎi shìwáng 'ān shí zuò zǎixiàngdōng shǔ mén xiàyīn shuō zuì 'ān shíyóu hàn lín xué shì biǎn wéi zhōu shǐsān nián rèn mǎnhuí jīng cháo jiànwǎng 'ān shíshì féng wài chū wèi guīdōng zuò zài shū fángjiàn duān yàn xià shī jiānzhōng yòu liǎng :“ fēng zuó guò yuán línchuī luò huáng huā mǎn jīn。” dōng jiàn shī xiào huáng huā shì zhǐ huāyīn jìn táo yuān míng 'ài wéi wén rén suǒ zhòngkāi shēn qiū xìng qiánggǎn qiū shuāng xiāng kàngzuì néng nài jiǔsuī lǎo 'ér gānzhōng luò bànwáng 'ān shí de shīchuī luò huáng huā mǎn jīnjiǎn zhí shì shuō dào shí shī xīng xiě liǎng :“ qiū huā chūn huā luòshuō shī rén zǎi yín。” yīn jiǔ hòu 'ān shí guījiù huí dào suǒwǎn jiān wáng 'ān shí huí láikàn jiàn shītīng jiā rén shuō dōng xiě deān shí dōng biǎn wéi huáng zhōu tuán liàn shǐdōng zhǐ rěn tūn shēng rèndōng rèn tuán liàn shǐ wéi qīng xián míng shì chén cháng wéi yǒuzhōng yóu shān wán shuǐyǐn jiǔ shīqiū tiān dào liǎohuáng shèng kāi tiān cháng lái fǎngdōng yuē cháng tóng wǎng huā yuán shǎng jiàn huáng huā fēn fēn luò zhēn jīn yàng jīng shī cháng wèn míng yuán xiào dào:“ huā tónghuáng zhōu de huā shì jīng qiū fēng 'ér luò bàn de,” dōng fāng zhī 'ān shí wèile dōng shī xiào biǎn dào huáng zhōu jiào kàn kànchuī luò huáng huā mǎn jīn”。
shī fēng Poetry style
  1079 nián 7 yuè shì zài zhōu rèn shàngyīn tái shī 'àn huò zuì nián yuán yuèbèi liú fàng zhì huáng zhōushī 'àn zhī qián 1071 nián rèn háng zhōu tōng pàn lái shì rèn zhōu zhī zhōu zhōu tài shǒu zhōu tài shǒuzhèng zhuó zhù shī zuò pǐn zài zhěng fēng shàng shì cháng tiān huī nèi róng shàng duō zhǐ xiàng shì huàn rén shēng shū zhèng zhì háo qíngér shī 'àn zhī hòusuī rán yòu duàn shí jiān guān zhì hàn lín xué shìdàn zuò pǐn zhōng què shǎo yòu zhì jūn yáo shùn de háo fàng chāo xiāng fǎn què yuè lái yuè zhuànxiàng ránzhuànxiàng rén shēng zhì wǎn nián zhé huì zhōu dàn zhōu dàn kuàng de xīn jìng jiù gèng jiā xiǎn chū lái chéng huáng zhōu shí zuò pǐn de fēng shōu liǎn píng shēng xīn yùn xián huò rán tián dàn zhī jìng
   tái shī 'àn wéi jiè shì de shī zuò pǐn zài chuàng zuò shàng yòu chéng yòu míng xiǎn de chā zài guàn chuān shǐ zhōng deguī qíng jié bèi hòu men kàn dào shī rén de chù yóu shàonián bān de duān kuì tànjiàn jiàn zhuànxiàng zhōng nián de nài lǎo nián de kuàng héng héng jiàn lǎo jiàn shúnǎi zào píng dàn
   shǒu xiānzài cái shàngqián de zuò pǐn zhù yào fǎn yìng liǎo shì de de zhèng zhì yōu huàn”, ér hòu zuò pǐn jiāng zhòng diǎn fàng zài liǎokuān guǎng de rén shēng yōu huàn”, 'è chóu yòu xié 'è yíng zài tái zhī nǎi ”。 xíng yún liú shuǐ zhī zuò yǐn liǎo tái shī 'ànhuáng zhōu biǎn zhé shēng huóshǐ fěng de fēng de jiān ruì jǐn zhāng fèn quán xiāo shīdài zhī 'ér chū xiàn de shì zhǒng guāng huī wēn nuǎnqīnqiè kuān de shí xié chún tián 'ér chéng shútòu chè 'ér shēn 。”
   zài wén huà shàngqián shàng 'ér hòu shàng dào shàng
   qián yòu jiā suǒ chàng de shè huì rèn shēnqiè guān zhù bǎi xìng hòu yóu shì liǎng zāo biǎn zhī hòu gèng jiā chóng shàng dào jiā wén huà bìng huí guī dào jiào zhōng lái zài zōng jiào shàng dào jiě tuō shēn shòu jiā depíng cháng xīn shì dàode zài huáng zhōu huì zhōu dàn zhōu děng guò shàng liǎo zhēn zhèng de nóng rén de shēng huóbìng zài zhōng
   sānzài fēng shàngqián de zuò pǐn bàng háo fàng bēn téng hóng shuǐ xiè qiān ér hòu de zuò pǐn kōng líng juàn yǒng zhì qīng dàn shēn liǔ bái huā xiāng yuǎn qīng
   jiù zuò 'ér yánzòng guān shì de sān bǎi shǒu zuòzhēn zhèng shǔ háo fàng fēng de zuò pǐn què wéi shù duō zhū jìng huá xiān shēng de tǒng lèi shìde zuò pǐn zhàn shì quán zuò de shí fēn zhī zuǒ yòu duō zhōng zài zhōu zhōushì shí chuàng zuò de zhù liúzhè xiē zuò pǐn suī rán zài shù liàng shàng bìng zhàn yōu shìquè zhuóshí fǎn yìng liǎo duàn shí shì shì jìn de xīn tàiér hòu de xiē zuò pǐn jiù yòu fāng rén qíng de fēng mào yòu bīn qiǎn xīngxiù mèi de cǎizhū yǒng yán qíng yóu xiě jǐnghuái gǎn jiùchóu zèng liú biétián yuán fēng guāngtán chán shuō jīhū suǒ bāoxuàn làn duō ér zhè fēn zhàn liǎo shì quán de shí zhī jiǔ zuǒ yòu jiān yòu zhuāng huà dié jiē wàng zhī wèizhì suǒ yòu de duì xiàn shí de duì zhèng zhì de mǎnxiē de kuáng hǒuzhēn jiān mài máng de pàn quán zhú liǎo cái jiàn guǎng fēng jiàn píng dàn zhì yuǎn
shēng píng nián biǎo Chronology of the Life
  běi sòng rén zōng tiān shèng yuán nián héng héng jiā yòu nián( 1023~ 1064)
  1036 nián jǐng yòu sān nián shí 'èr yuè shí jiǔ shì jiàng shēng
  1054 nián wáng
  1057 nián zhōng jìn shì sàng xiào( 1057.4~ 1059.6)
  1061 nián shì yìng zhōng zhì kǎo shì sān děng
  1059 nián jiā qián wǎng jīng
  1061 nián rèn fèng xiáng pàn guān
   yīng zōng zhì píng yuán nián héng héng nián( 1064~ 1068)
  1064 nián rèn zhí shǐ guǎn
  1065 nián sàng
  1066 nián sàng xiào( 1066.4~ 1068.7)
   shén zōng níng yuán nián héng héng yuán fēng nián( 1068~ 1086)
  1068 nián wáng rùn zhīwáng zhī táng mèi
  1069 nián fǎn jīngrèn zhí shǐ guǎn
  1071 nián rèn gào jiān guǎnrèn háng zhōu tōng pàn
  1074 nián rèn zhōu tài shǒu
  1076 nián rèn zhōu tài shǒu
  1079 nián rèn zhōu tài shǒu
  1080 nián zhé huáng zhōurèn huáng zhōu tuán liàn shǐ
  1084 nián wǎng cháng zhōu
  1085 nián wǎng dēng zhōurèn dēng zhōu tài shǒuwǎng jīng rèn zhōng shū shè rén
   zhé zōng( 1086~ 1100) yuán yòu nián jiān tài hòu zhí zhèng( 1085~ 1093)
  1086 nián hàn lín xué shì zhī zhì gào
  1089 nián rèn háng zhōu tài shǒu jiān zhè jūn lìng
  1091 nián rèn shàng shūwǎng jīng rèn yǐng zhōu tài shǒu
  1092 nián rèn yáng zhōu tài shǒubīng shàng shū shàng shū
  1093 nián sàngtài hòu shì shìdiào dìng zhōu tài shǒu běi jūn lìng
  1094 nián wǎng huì zhōu biǎn suǒzhé huì zhōu
  1097 nián wǎng hǎi nánzhé hǎi nán dàn zhōu
   huī zōng( 1101~ 1126) tài hòu zhí zhèng( 1100)
  1101 niánběi fǎnwǎng cháng zhōujiàn zhōng jìng guó yuán nián yuè 'èr shí shì shìxiǎng nián 66 suì
shì 'ér Su Shi's wife and children
苏轼妻儿
   shì de sān
   shì de jiéfà zhī jiào wáng chuān méi zhōu qīng shén rénnián qīng mào měizhī shū , 16 suì jià gěi shì kān chēng shì de zhù shǒuyòu hòu tīng yánde shì shì wéi rén kuàng dài rén jiē xiāng duì shū shì wáng biàn zài píng fēng hòu jìng tīngbìng jiāng de jiàn gào zhī shìwáng shì shēng huó liǎo shí nián hòu bìng shì shì qīn xún yán fén yíng bàng zàng zhī”, bìng zài mái zàng wáng de shān tóu qīn shǒu zhòngzhí liǎo sān wàn zhū sōng shù 'āi yòu guò liǎo shí nián shì wéi wáng xiě xià liǎo bèi wéi dào wáng qiān dejiāng chéng · mèng》: shí nián shēng liǎng máng máng sīliáng nán wàngqiān fén chù huà liángzòng shǐ xiāng féng yìng shíchén mǎn miànbìn shuāng lái yōu mèng hái xiāngxiǎo xuān chuāngzhèng shū zhuāngxiāng yánwéi yòu lèi qiān xíngliào nián nián cháng duàn chùmíng yuè duǎn sōng gāng
   shì de 'èr rèn jiào wáng rùn zhīshì wáng de táng mèizài wáng shì shì hòu sān nián jià gěi liǎo shì shì xiǎo shí suì xiǎo duì shì chóng bài yòu jiāshēng xìng wēn róuchù chù zhe shìwáng rùn zhī bàn suí shì zǒu guò liǎo rén shēng zhōng zuì zhòng yào de 25 nián jīng tái shī 'ànhuáng zhōu biǎn zhézài shì de guān hǎi chén zhōng zhī tóng gān gòng èr shí nián zhī hòuwáng rùn zhī xiān shì shì shì shì tòng duàn gān chángxiě wén dào:“ yuē guī zāixíng fǎn qiū yuáncéng shǎo 'ér xiānshú yíng ménshú kuì tián nài lèi jìn qián bìn guó mén shǎo shí 'ēnwéi yòu tóng xuéshàng dǎo yán 'āi zāi!” zài hòu bǎi qǐng de péng yǒu huà jiā lóng mián huà liǎo shí zhāng luó hàn xiàngzài qǐng shàng gěi sòng jīng chāo wǎng lái shēng shíjiāng shí zhāng chuán shì de xiàng cháo yún xiàn gěi liǎo de wáng hún shì hòu zhé jiāng wáng rùn zhī zàngshí xiàn liǎo wén zhōngwéi yòu tóng xuéde yuàn wàng
   shì de shì qiè wáng cháo yún shì xiǎo 'èr shí liù suìzài shì zuì kùn dùn de shí hòuwáng cháo yún zhí péi bàn zuǒ yòuwáng cháo yún shì shì de hóng yán zhī shì xiě gěi wáng cháo yún de shī zuì duōchēng wéitiān wéi ”。 dàn xìng de shìcháo yún xiān shì zài huì zhōu bìng shìcháo yún shì hòu shì zhí guān zài wèi hūn zūn zhào cháo yún de yuàn shì jiāng zàng huì zhōu shān nán chán shèng xià de sōng lín zhī zhōngbìng zài biān zhù liù tíng niànzhuàn xiě de yíng lián shì shí wéi yòu cháo yún néng shí dàn diàoměi féng bèi qīng”。 yíng lián yòu zhù míng de diǎn :“ dōng tuì cháoshí mén xíng wèi shì 'ér yuē bèi qiě dào shì zhōng yòu yuē:‘ dōushì wén zhāng’, wéi rányòu rén yuē:‘ mǎn dōushì jiàn shí’。 wèi wéi dāngzhì cháo yúnnǎi yuē:“ xué shì shí 。’ pěng xiào。” cháo yún wèi guǎng dōng shěng huì zhōu shì huì zhōu jǐng shān zhī shàng dōng niàn guǎn bàngwéi dōng qiè wáng cháo yún zhī huì zhōu shì zhòng diǎn wén bǎo dān wèi shuō dōng bèi biǎn huì zhōu shíwáng cháo yún cháng cháng chàngdié liàn huāwéi shì liáo jiě chóu mènměi dāng cháo yún chàng dàozhī shàng liǔ mián chuī yòu shǎoshíjiù yǎn chóu chàng shèng shāng bēi 'ér zhǐ shēngdōng wèn yīncháo yún :“ qiè suǒ néng jìngchàng wánzhě,’ tiān chù fāng cǎo ”。 shì xiào:“ zhèng bēi qiūér yòu kāi shǐ shāng chūn liǎo!” cháo yún shì hòu shìzhōng shēng tīng ”。 rén rèn wéifāng cǎo wéi liǔ mián suǒ huàsuǒ zhī shàng liǔ mián chuī biàn tiān fāng cǎo jiù suí fēng 'ér shēngzhè shǒu 'àn liǎo shìshēn xíng wàn bàn tiān xiàsēng 'ān chū bái tóude mìng yùnzài zhèng de hài xià shēng lèi zhuǎn péng biǎn yuǎn zāo shòu de cháo yún chàng dào liǎng shíxiǎng shì huàn hǎi de chénmìng yùn de nàiduì dōng zhōng 'ér bèi biǎnlún luò tiān de jìng shì tóng gǎn zài xīn shì lèi xià néng ér dōng shì zhī de zhè fèn zhī xīncái xiào 'ér quàn wèiliǎng rén zhī zhī xīn jiàn bān
   shì de 'ér
   wáng wéi shì shēng liǎo zhǎngzǐ màiwáng rùn zhī wéi shì shēng liǎo dài sān guòzhè sān 'ér yóu wáng rùn zhī shǒu yǎng chéng réngōng yuán 1083 nián qiūcháo yún shēng xià liǎo dùn jiǔ jiù yāo zhé liǎo
shì wén Sushi anecdotal
  zhù xià wén jǐn yīn liú chuán shèn guǎng zhēn shí xìng yòu dài kǎo zhèng
  1、 niánshào qīng kuáng
   dōng shàonián shí liǎo xiē shūyīn wéi cōng huìcháng dào shī cháng zàn yáng wéi zài fáng qián tiē liǎo duì lián:“ shí biàn tiān xià jìn rén jiànshū。” shì ā shìtiān xià de zhī duō shǎorén jiān de shū yòu zhōng guó shàng xià shù qiān niánduō shǎo cháo duō shǎo dàiyòu duō shǎo zhǒng wén zòng héng shù bǎi wàn píng fāng gōng , 56 mín yòu yòu duō shǎo zhǒng yánduō shǎo zhǒng wén chéng shì huí lái hòu píng liǎo shì shì shì duì lián gǎi wéi fèn shí biàn tiān xià zhì jìn rén jiànshū”, yòng miǎn
  2、 shìshī
   shì kǎo jìn shìzuò liǎo piān chūn qiū wénjiàoxíng shǎng zhōng hòu zhī zhì lùn》, zhōng yòu duàn luò xià
   dāng yáo zhī shígāo táo wéi shìjiāng shā réngāo táo yuēshā zhī sān”, yáo yuēyòu zhī sān”, tiān xià wèi gāo táo zhí zhī jiānér yáo yòng xíng zhī kuān
   yuè yuēgǔn yòng”, yáo yuē gǔn fāng mìng ”, 'ér yuēshì zhī”。 yáo zhī tīng gāo táo zhī shā rénér cóng yuè zhī yòng gǔn rán shèng rén zhī gài jiàn dāng shí de kǎo guān shì míng dǐng dǐng de 'ōu yáng xiū duì shì de wén zhāng shí fēn zàn shǎngdàn shì yòu shǐ cháng shí de réndōu zhī dào gāo táo shì shùn de guāngēn yáo yòu guān ōu yáng xiū rán míng bái zhè diǎnfǎn guò hòubiàn wèn shì shì shuō 'àn zàisān guó zhì · kǒng róng chuánzhōng shì 'ōu yáng xiū jiāng fǎn fǎn liǎo hěn duō biàn hòu jiù méi yòu xiàn chū chùbiàn yòu wèn shì shì zhǐ hǎo lǎo lǎo shí shí shì de zhuànōu yáng xiū gèng jiě shì biàn shuōsān guó zhì · kǒng róng chuánzhōng yán dào kǒng róng gèng cáo cāo shuō shāng zhòu wáng jiāng shǎng liǎo zhōu gōngcáo cāo wèn yòu shìkǒng róng jīn yòu dài yìng gāi yòu shì biàn zhuàn liǎo zhè me shìzhè shǐ 'ōu yáng xiū gèng jiā zàn shǎng shì
  3、 dōng ròu
   shì bèi biǎn huáng zhōu de shí hòuyòu zhù míng dezhū ròu sòng yóu shī:“ huáng zhōu hǎo zhū ròujià qián děng fèn zhě kěn chīpín zhě jiě zhǔmàn zhù huǒshǎo zhù shuǐhuǒ hòu shí měiměi lái wǎnbǎo jiā jūn guǎn。” zhè demàn zhù huǒshǎo zhù shuǐhuǒ hòu shí měi”, jiù shì zhù míng de dōng ròu pēngtiáo liǎo dōng hòu lái rèn háng zhōu tài shǒu shēn shòu bǎi xìng 'ài dàiér zhèdōng ròu gēn zhe zhān guāngmíng zào háng zhōuchéng liǎo dāng de dào míng cài liǎo
  4、 shì tuì fáng
   shì cháng zhōu huā diào liǎo zuì hòu diǎn mǎi liǎo suǒ fáng zhèng zhǔn bèi qiān zhù 'ǒu rán de huìtīng dào lǎo shí fēn shāng xīn wèn lǎo shénmelǎo shuō yòu chù fáng xiāng chuán bǎi nián liǎobèi xiào sūn suǒ màiyīn tòng xīn wèn zhī xiàyuán lái shì mǎi de fáng jiù shì lǎo suǒ shuō de chuán lǎo shì shì duì shuō:“ zhī nǎi suǒ shòu shēn bēijīn dāng shì hái 。” shì dāng fén shāo liǎo fáng zhǐ shì fáng zhù
  5、 yín shī yàn
   shì èr shí suì de shí hòudào jīng shī kǎoyòu liù de rén kàn jué dìng bèi xià jiǔ cài qǐng shì yàn suàn nòng shì jiē yāo hòu xīn rán qián wǎng shàng wèi dòng kuài rén xíng jiǔ lìngjiǔ lìng nèi róng yào yǐn yòng shǐ rén shì jiànzhè yàng jiù néng chī pán cài rén hōng shēng jiào hǎo。“ xiān lái。” nián jiào cháng de shuō:“ jiāng wèi shuǐ diào !” shuō wán pěng zǒu liǎo pán 。“ qín shū bǎo cháng 'ān mài !” 'èr wèi shén duān zǒu liǎo ròu。“ qīng bèi yáng!” sān wèi háo shì ruò zǒu liǎo yáng ròu。“ zhāng zhuō xiàn mài ròu!” hǒu hǒu shēn shǒu ròupá liǎo guò lái。“ guān yún cháng jīng zhōu guā !” dài qiǎng zǒu liǎo tóu。“ zhū liàng lóng zhōng zhòngcài!” liù 'ào màn duān liǎo zuì hòu de yàng qīng càicài quán fēn wán liǎoliù rén xīng gāo cǎi liè de zhèng zhǔn bèi biān chī biān cháo xiào shì shí shì què huāng máng yín dào:“ qín shǐ huáng bìng tūn liù guó!” shuō wán liù pán cài quán duān dào miàn qiánwēi xiào dào:“ zhū wèi xiōng tái qǐng 'ā!” liù rén dāi ruò
  6、 chū rén tóu
   shì zài jīng chéng huì kǎo shízhù shěn guān shì míng dǐng dǐng de běi sòng wén xué míng jiā 'ōu yáng xiū zài shěn juǎnzǐ de shí hòu bèi shì huá jué zàn de wén fēng suǒ qīng dǎowéi fáng xùn shí de kǎo juàn jūn wéi míng shìsuǒ 'ōu yáng xiū suī rán hěn xiǎng diǎn xuǎn zhè piān wén zhāng wéi dàn jué wén hěn xiàng mén shēng céng gǒng suǒ xiě luò rén kǒu shísuǒ zuì hòu píng liǎo 'èr zhí dào bǎng de shí hòuōu yáng xiū cái zhī dào wén zhāng zuò zhě shì shìzhī dào zhēn shí qíng kuàng hòu 'ōu yáng xiū hòu huǐ dàn shì shì què diǎn jiào de dōuméi yòu shì de fāng chū zhòng cái huá ràng 'ōu yáng xiū zàn tàn :“ zhè yàng de qīng nián cái jùnzhēn gāi ràng chū bǎng rén tóu bìng zhèng shì shōu shì wéi
  7、 jiā tíng huì
   shì gāo zhōng bǎng yǎn hòu shì sān jiā shàng sān nán qín shǎo yóu 'ér wén míng de xiǎo mèi jiā zài huā yuán qìng zhù shì zhī xún mìng dìng lěngxiāngliǎng měi rén xiě liǎng shīyào qiú huì dāng shí de qíng jǐngwéi dài tóu lǎo quán huǎn dào huā chí biānyín dào:“ shuǐ shí biān liú chū lěngfēng cóng huā guò lái xiāng”。 yóu zhàn lái zhāi liǎo bàn xīn xiāng méitánliǎo xià shǒu zhǐyuē:“ lěng zhīméi huā dàn biàn zhǐ tóu xiāng。” xiǎo mèi zhāi huā yóu yào xiào fǎng xiǎo mèi què yún:“ jiào juān hóu shé lěng huā dié mèng hún xiāng”。 shuō wán tān kāi shǒu zhǎng zhǐ dié bèi niē 'ér diǎn jiādōu shēng jiào hǎo shì què yòng shí dèng zhe jiù zǒu lǎo quán jiào dào:“ 'ér chū yào zǒu 'ā。” huà yīn wèi luò shì cháng shēng piāo lái liǎng :“ shí zuò lái dài lěng huā guī xiāng”!
  8、 bǐng
   dōng huáng tíng jiān zhù zài jīn shān zhōngyòu tiān men miàn bǐng chīèr rén shāng liàng hǎozhè bǐng gào zhōng de yìnguò liǎo huì 'érbǐng shú liǎoliǎng rén suàn guò shù xiān bǐng xiàn dào guān yīn zuò qiányīn qín xià bàidǎo gào fān liào yìn xiān cáng zài shén zhàng zhōngchèn 'èr rén xià guì dǎo gào shíshēn shǒu tōu liǎo liǎng kuài bǐng shì bài wán zhī hòu shēn kànshǎo liǎo liǎng kuài bǐngbiàn yòu guì xià dǎo gào shuō:“ guān yīn shén tōngchī liǎo liǎng kuài bǐngwèihé chū lái jiàn miàn?” yìn zài zhàng zhōng dào:“ guǒ yòu miànjiù men huǒ zuò kuài chī chī gǎn kōng lái rǎo?”
  9、 yín shī shǎng yuè
   dōng zài háng zhōu huān sēng jiāo péng yǒu jīn shān yìn shàng zuì yào hǎoliǎng rén yǐn jiǔ yín shī zhī hái cháng cháng kāi wán xiào yìn shàng hàochīměi féng dōng yàn huì qǐng zǒng shì qǐng láiyòu tiān wǎn shàng dōng yāo qǐng huáng tíng jiān yóu chuán shàng bèi liǎo duō jiǔ càiyóu chuán 'àn dōng xiào zhù duì huáng tíng jiān shuō :“ yìn měi huì dōuyào gǎn dàojīn wǎn men chéng chuán dào zhōng jiǔ yín shīwán tòng kuài lùn lái liǎo 。” shuí zhī yìn shàng zǎo tīng dào dōng yào huáng tíng jiān yóu jiù xiān zài liǎ méi yòu shàng chuán de shí hòuduǒ zài chuán cāng bǎn xià cáng liǎo láimíng yuè dāng kōngliáng fēng sòng shuǎng xiāng mǎn yóu chuán màn màn lái dào sān dōng zhù jiǔ bēiniān zhù gāo xīng duì huáng tíng jiān shuō :“ jīn tiān méi yòu yìn men dǎo qīng jìngxiān lái xíng jiǔ lìngqián liǎng yào yòng jǐnghòu liǎng yào yòngzāi jié wěi。” huáng tíng jiān shuō :“ hǎo !” dōng xiān shuō:“ yún kāimíng yuè chū láitiān yán zāitiān yán zāi?” huáng tíng jiān wàng zhù mǎn huājiē zhù shuō dào:“ lián píng kāiyóu chū lái suǒ zāi suǒ zāi!”
   zhè shí hòu yìn zài chuán cāng bǎn xià zǎo rěn zhù liǎo tīng huáng tíng jiān shuō jiù chuán cāng bǎn tuī kāi liǎo chū láishuō dào:“ chuán bǎn kāi yìn chū láibiē shā rén zāibiē shā rén zāi!” dōng huáng tíng jiānkàn jiàn chuán bǎn xià rán chū rén láixià liǎo tiàozǎi kànyuán lái shì yìnyòu tīng shuō chū zhè yàng de shījìn zhù xiào lái dōng zhù zhe yìn jiù zuòshuō dào:“ cáng hǎoduì miàojīn tiān dào yòu bèi chī shàng liǎo!” shìsān rén shǎng yuè yóu tán xiào fēng shēng
  10、 dōng
   shì jǐn shì wén xué jiāzài měi shí shàng hěn yòu shǒuchú liǎo guǎng wén rén zhī de dōng zhǒu wài xué shì hái shàn cháng shāo pēng zhì de kān chēng jué shì xīng qīn xià chú zuò gāng gāng shāo hǎo zhe chuāng kàn jiàn huáng tíng jiān jìn lái liǎohuáng tíng jiān shì zhōng guó dài cài huáng zōng zhī shì shì zhì yǒuliǎng rén jīng cháng dǒu zuǐ wéi )。 zhī dào yòu shì lái cèng fàn kāi yóu shì huāng máng cáng dào liǎo wǎn chú dǐng huáng tíng jiān jìn mén jiù dào:“ jīn tiān xiàng zhān xiōng qǐng jiàogǎn wèn shì de zěn me xiě?” shì cháng zhe liǎn huí yìng:“ zhěshàng cǎo xià zuǒ yòu 。” huáng tíng jiān yòu dào:“ zhè fàng dào yòu biān xíng ?” shì dào:“ 。” huáng tíng jiān jiē zhe dào:“ zhè fàng shàng biān xíng ?” shì dào:“ yòu fàng shàng miàn de dào ?” huáng tíng jiān zhǐ zhe wǎn chú dǐngxiào dào:“ rán zhān xiōng zhī xiǎo zhè dào wèihé hái fàng zài shàng miàn?!” xiàng cái mǐn jié de shìzhè bèi huáng tíng jiān zhěng liǎo shí
  11、 shuǐ guǒ huòyào
   shì hūn hòu jiǔyìng yāo liú gòng jiā zuò cái dào rén jiù gǎn lái qǐng shàng huí shuō rén yòu shìliú gòng yòu xīn fěng yín dào:“ xìng zǎo xìngzǎo), qiě cóng róngcōng róng wéi wèi zhōng yào)。” zhè hán sān zhǒng guǒ míng zhǒng yào míng shì tóu huídèng shàng 'ān jiù zǒubiān zǒu biān shuō:“ nài zhè shìnàipíng guǒ zhī shǔzhèshì dāng guīdāng guī wéi zhōng yào míng)。” dōng shì de cái shí zài lìng rén bài
  12、 shēng xiàn
   shì hòushén zōng huáng wèile shì tàn yòu méi yòu chóu hèn tiān zhī pài xiǎo tàijiàn zhuāng chéng fàn rén dōng tóng shuìbái tiān chī fàn shíxiǎo tàijiàn yòng yán tiǎo dòu shì láo fàn chīde jīn jīn yòu wèi shuō:“ rèn píng tiān gōng léi shǎn xīn kuī rán dòng!” dǎo tóu shuìxiǎo tàijiàn yòu liáo dào:“ xué shì shuì zhè děng chuáng tàn?” shì huìyòng hān shēng huí xiǎo tàijiàn zài 'èr tiān zǎo tuī xǐng shuō dào:“ gōng rén bèi shè miǎn liǎo。” yào zhī dào shì wēi xiǎn zhì 'āzhǐ yào shì yòu diǎn láo sāo chī xiāng shuì wěn de yàng dòngwēi zài dàn shí shén zōng huáng shì rénpài tàijiàn píng shì de cái zhì yòu zěn me néng qiáo chū lái
  13、 hán yǎng
   cháo tíng bǎo shǒu pài hòu gāng zhù míng de běi sòng zhù míng wén xué jiā guāng zhòng bài xiàngwèixīn quán pán bèi fèi shítóng wéi bǎo shǒu pài de shì què zhù zhāng duì xīn néng quán pán fǒu dìngyìng cún liáng zhā bié duì dàiyīn guāng shēng liè chōng zài bèi biǎn guā zhōu shì suī rán xìn yǎng jiàodàn yòu shàngwén guā zhōu jīn shān nèi yòu hào wéi yìn de shàng míng shì tīng shuō hòu jiù jué dìng dào shān shàng huì huì lǎo shàngzài miào shì cóng huáng jiǎng dào wén bǎi guāncóng zhì guó jiā jiǎng dào wéi rén zhī dào shàng jìng jìng tīng zhe shì jiàn yìn zhí yán jiù cóng xīn yòu diǎn qiáo xīn xiǎng jiādōu shuō yòu běn shìyuán lái cǎo bāo lái zhè shì piàn xiāng huǒ qián de huà màn màn de jiù chě dào liǎo shì shàngzhè shí hòu yìn wèn dào:“ zài xiān shēng yǎn lǎo yīnggāi shì shénme yàng de rén?” shì zhèng mǎn shìsuí kǒu dào:“ zài bān rén yǎn kàn lái shì yòu běn shìdàn shì yīn wéi men qiǎn shí shàng měi tiān nòng xuán méi yòu zhēn cái shí xuéshì piàn 'ér !” yìn wēi wēi xiào yìng shēng shì kàn dào zhè yàng jǐn gèng qiáo shàngér qiě yáng yáng láibiàn chéng xīng wèn dào:“ zài yǎn xué shì yòu shì shénme rén ?”“ shì hěn yòu xué wènyòu xiū yǎng de rénlǎo kuī !” yìn dàohuí dào jiā hòu shì yáng yáng zǎo shàng zhì shàng de shì gěi xiǎo mèi jiǎng liǎo biàn xiǎo mèi tīng hòu xiàode fàn pēn chū lái liǎo shì měng liǎo máng wèn dào:“ xiǎo mèi wèihé xiào?”“ biǎn shàng jǐn méi shēng fǎn 'ér zàn yáng liǎo fān shuō shuí yòu xiū yǎngméi yòu xué wèn lái de xiū yǎng hái wéi bié rén qiángxiū zhī dào!”。 shì tīng hòu huǎng rán cóng yìn shī chéng liǎo zhī jiāo
  14、“ shī wèi hán
   tiān shì yìn chéng chuán yóu lǎn yìn shī rán chū yòu dōng shì shī de shàn rēng dào bìng shēng dào:“ shuǐ liú dōng shīshī)!” dāng shí shì léng liǎo xiàdàn hěn kuài xiào zhǐ zhe 'àn shàng zhèng yòu zài kěn tóu de gǒuyín dào:“ gǒu kěn shàng shàng!”
  15、 dōng chī cǎo
   xián lái shì shì jīn shān bài fǎng yìn shīméi liào dào shī zài xiǎo shā lái kāi mén shì ào shēng dào:“ zài?”。 xiǎo shā dàn dìng de zhǐ yuǎn fāng dào:“ dōng chī cǎo!”
  16、 duì lián tuì
   běi sòng shí sòng rén zāo liáo bāng qīn fàn xīn qiú de cháo tíng què yǐn lái liáo bāng shǐ zhěchū shàng lián yào sòng rén duìsān guāng yuè xīng duì chū xià lián chè bīng lián kàn jiǎn dānshí duìchū de shù qià hòu miàn de shì xiāng ér duì suǒ xuǎn shù duì yìng shì huì duō sān huò shǎo sānqià féng huí jīng shù zhí de shì huīqiǎo miào duì shàng xià lián shī fēng sònggāi duì lián miào zài shīzhǐ yòufēng sòngsān míng chēngyīn wéishī jīngzhōng yòu ”、“ xiǎo ”, chēng wéi”。 jiā zhīguó fēng”、“ sòng shīgòng fēnshī jīng chēng shī”。 duì miào tiān chéngliáo shǐ pèi zhì
  17、 sān rén duì yòu shī
   shì xiǎo mèihuáng tíng jiān shǎng huàjiàn shàng miàn lián yòu qīng fēng liǔdàn yuè méi huākàn shì liánzhōng jiān què kōng xiǎo mèi jiàn wéi zhōng jiān jiā chéng wéi yán lián huáng tíng jiān qiǎng duì wéiqīng fēng liǔdàn yuè yǐn méi huā shì tiánqīng fēng yáo liǔdàn yuè yìng méi huāxiǎo mèi lüè suǒ xiǎng yìngtián shǐ zhī chéng wéiqīng fēng liǔdàn yuè shī méi huāzòng guān sān rén duì liánxiǎo mèi zuì miào:“ jǐn xiě chū fēng de qīng róu liǔ de xiān ruòér qiě xiě chū liǎo fēng liǔ de qīn zhī tàiyīn 'ér gèng xíng xiàng shēng dòng;“ shī jiàoyǐn tiē qiē qiáng diào liǎo yuè guāng de jiǎoyòu jiān méi huā de jié chū liǎo liǎng zhě róng wéi de jǐng xiànggèng jiā wěn tiē qiē
  18、 rén zhī
   shì zhì yǒu yìnsuī shì chū jiā rénquè dùn dùn jiǔ ròuzhè yìn jiān liǎo xià jiǔzhèng qiǎo shì dēng mén lái fǎng yìn máng cáng zài qìng zhī xià shì zǎo wén dào xiāngjìn mén jiànxiǎng dāng zāo huáng tíng jiān zhà xīn zhuǎn shàng xīn lái shuō dào:“ jīn lái xiàng shī qǐng jiàoxiàng yáng mén chūn cháng zài de xià shì shénme?” yìn duì lǎo yǒu niàn chū rén suǒ gòng zhī de jiù shēn gǎn chà shùn kǒu shuō chū xià shàn rén jiā qìng yòu shì zhǎng xiào:“ rán qìngqìng yòu ), jiù diǎn shàn lái gòng xiǎng
  19、 shān shuǐ
   shì yuē zhé bìng yìn shīsān rén jié bàn tóng yóu yìn xīng chū shān shān hǎoguān jiàn zài”、“ xié yīn zhé duì shàng néng yuán shì tīng liǎoduì shuō duì de xié yīn rán cuòdàn gǎi zuò zhè yàng shì fǒu gèng hǎo xiē shuǐ néng shuǐ qīng yìn zhé tīng liǎobiǎo shì zàn tóngshuǐduìshān”, shèng zài duì zhàng gèng jiā gōng wěn
  20、 lián xiǎo mèi
   jiǔ wèi yǒu móu miàn de shì yāo huáng tíng jiān lái jiā zuò xiǎo mèi jiàn xiōng cháng qīn chū mén yíng jiēbiàn chū liǎo shàng xiāng yúnā xiōng mén wài yāo shuāng yuè。“ shuāng yuè wéipéng shì zhī xiǎo mèi shì kāi wán xiàodāng duì dàoxiǎo mèi chuāng qián zhuō bàn fēng。“ bànduìshuāng”,“ fēngduìyuè”, shèn wéi tuǒ tiēyòu de shì,“ fēngde fán shìfēng”, bàn fēng shī”, shì shuō xiǎo mèi zài chuāng qián zhuō shī xiǎo mèi niǔ tóu jiù zǒu
  21、 xiǎo fàn cuì fàn
   shì guān hòucéng gēn liú gòng luàn kǎn:“ zài láo shíměi tiān chī de shì sān bái fànzhào yàng hěn xiāng tiánshì jiān měi wèi guò !”。 liú gòng wèn shénme jiào sān bái fàn shì dào:“ cuō yán dié shēng luóbo wǎn fànzhè jiù shìsān bái’。” shì shuō guò shì jiù wàng liǎo jiē dào liú gòng qǐngtiěyāo shì jiā chī xiǎo( xiǎo) fàn shì xīn rán yìng yuēdàn děng shì dào liǎo fāng xiàn zhuō shàng zhǐ yòu yánluóbo fànzhè cái huǎng rán zhī dào zhè bèi liú gòng nòng liǎoyòu guò liǎo tiānliú gòng jiē dào shì qǐngtiěyāo chī cuì( cuì) fànliú gòng zhī dào shì yào bào dàn yòu hàoqíyòu xiǎng zhī dào cuì fàn dào shì shénmezuì zhōng hái shì liǎo shì péi zhe liú gòng cóng zǎo shàng liáo dào wǎn shàng liú gòng 'è qián xiōng tiē hòu bèishí zài rěn zhù cuī wèn cuì fàn shì màn tūn tūn :“ yán máo( mǎo, ( mǎo ,“ méi yòude ), luóbo máofàn máo shìcuìfàn shí zhí zài xiǎng yòng zhe 'ā。” liú gòng jīng 'ě zhī hòuliǎng rén tóng shí xiào
  22、 shì wáng 'ān shí de máo dùn
   wáng 'ān shí shì dōushì shàonián zhì de rénwáng 'ān shí 22 suì kǎo zhōng jìn shì shì xiǎo wáng 'ān shí 16 suì, 23 suì nián kǎo zhōng jìn shìliǎng réndōu bèi shì wéi dòng liáng zhī cáiér qiě jiē shī wén míng shìliǎng rén zhēn zhèng de jiāo fēng shì cóng sòng shén zōng níng 'èr nián( 1069 niánkāi shǐ dedāng shí shì xiōng wán sàng huí dào jīng shī shì bèi rèn mìng wéi zhí shǐ guǎnquán kāi fēng tuī shìér shòu dào shén zōng xìn rèndān rèn zhōng shū mén xià píng zhāng shìzǎixiàngde wáng 'ān shí zhèng tuī xíng biàn xīn zhèngzhè yàngliǎng wén háo tóng cháo wéi guānzhēng duān biàn yóu 'ér liǎo
   wáng 'ān shí rén yán zōng tiān biàn wèide yǒng ruì gǎi shì lìng rén jìng dedàn guān jiàn de wèn shìzài cuò zōng de shè huì qíng kuàng miàn qiánzài bǎo shǒu wéi tiān xìngzūn dòng wéi zhī jiào de guó rényóu shì guān liáo shì miàn qiángǎi de dòng zuò dào shì jìn hǎo huò shì jiàn jìn hǎowáng 'ān shí xiǎng jùn lùn shì yòng xīn rénhái shì shī xíng xīn xiàn liǎo dāo kuò de chāo cháng fēng ér shì bìng fēi zhù zhāng biàn zhǐ shì wàng yàotài liǎoyīn wéi xiāng yìng shì chéngshì yòu jiàn mín jīng”。 yīn liǎng rén de zhèng jiàn jiù záo ruì nán
  23、 shì gāo qiú
  《 shuǐhǔzhuàn 'èr huí jiǎng shù gāo qiú de shǐshuō yuán běn shì kāi fēng làng luò ,“ zhè rén chuī dàn qiāng shǐ bàngxiàngpū wán shuǎ néng shī shū ruò lùn rén zhìxìn xíng zhōng liángquè shì huì”。 zài lín huái zhōu zhù liǎo nián hòujīng rén jiè shàolái dào jīng chéng jīn liáng qiáo xià kāi shēng yào de dǒng jiāng shì jiādǒng jiāng shì xiǎng liú shì zhuǎn jiàn dàoxiǎo xué shìchù,“ xiǎo xué shìzhǐ liú gāo qiú zài zhōng zhù liǎo biàn yòu jiè shào gěi liǎo wèi wáng jìn qīng hòu jié shí liǎo dāng shí wéi tài de sòng huī zōngyóu jiǎo hǎo qiúpíng qīng yúnzuò liǎo tài wèi
   zhě zhū jūn gài qīng chǔ zhè wèixiǎo xué shìjiū jìng shì rénzěn me néng yòu zhè me de miàn bēi wēi xiǎo tuī jiàn gěi dāng cháo yuán lái zhè wèixiǎo xué shì”, yīnggāi shì dǐng dǐng míng de xué shì”, jiù shì rén rén shú zhī de dōng shì shìsòng rén wáng míng qīnghuī zhǔ hòu juàn duì gāo qiú de yán zhī jiào xiáng men zài jié xiāng guān liàozhī dào gāo qiú yuán běn shì dōng zhōng de xiǎo xué shì jiàn gāo qiú de wén zhāng fēng cǎi 'ér hěn xīn shǎng sòng zhé zōng yuán yòu nián( 1093 nián), shì hàn lín yuàn chū rèn zhōng shān zhī biàn jiāng jiàn gěi hàn lín xué shì chéng zhǐ céng céng zhōng shǔ liáo běn shǎosuǒ méi yòu jiē shì yòu jiāng gāo qiú zhuǎn 'ér jiàn wèi wáng jìn qīnggāo qiú zài wáng zhōng zhù jiù shì niánzhí dào zhé zōng yuán sān nián( 1100 nián), cái yīn 'ǒu rán de huì rèn shí liǎo duān wángshì yòu còu qiǎo yuè hòuzhé zōng jià bēngduān wáng huáng wèi wéi huī zōnggāo qiú shòu dào huī zōng de qiān bài”, shù nián hòu guān zhì jié shǐjiàn shēng wéi shū shǐ xiāng。“ biàn sān zhě 'èr shí niánlǐng diàn qián zhí shì qiú shǐ ”。 rén dào quǎn shēng tiān gāo dūn shēng wéi jié shǐxiōng gāo shēn jiè zhe gāo qiú de shì yànwèi xiǎn chén zhī liè jiē wéi láng guān mén róng yào zhì
   zài shuō shì yóu cháo tíng nèi dǎng zhēng zāo biǎnyuán yòu nián( 1093 nián), xuān rén huáng tài hòu bēngzhé zōng qīn zhèngshēn wéi jiù dǎng rén de shì zhī dào de zhèng jiàn wéi xīn zhèng suǒ rónghěn shí qǐng wài wéi zhōng shān zhī dào niánzhèng biàn yuè lái yuè huàishào shèng yuán nián( 1094 niánrùn yuècháo chén tánhé zài dān rèn hàn lín xué shì shí suǒ zuò de zhì zhōng yòu bàng xiān cháo zhī bèi biǎn wéi yīng zhōujīn guǎng dōng shěng yīng shìzhī zhōuhái méi dào rènyòu biǎn wéi níng yuǎn jūn jié shǐān zhì huì zhōuzhè hái suànméi guò duō jiǔ bèi zài biǎn wéi qióng zhōu bié jià zhù zài chāng huà jūnguò zhefēi rén suǒ yào 'ěr jiē yòude jiān nán shēng huózhí dào huī zōng wèi( 1101 nián), cái shè běi guī jiǔ cháng zhōu shuōgāo qiú fēi huáng téng zhī zhèng shì shì zāo miè dǐng zhī zāi zhī shí hòu 'èr rén zhī jiān shàng yòu lián ?《 huī zhǔ hòu shuōgāo qiú shǐ zhōng duì shì gǎn 'ēn dài niàn niàn wàng xué shì jiǎng zhī qíngměi dāng shì de sūn qīn yǒu lái jīng shī shígāo qiú dōuyào qīn wènzèng jīn yín cái zhōu pínyóu kàn lái shì gāo qiú jiàn gěi wáng jìn qīngbìng fēi shì yóu yàn 'è qīng làngqià qià shì chū duì cái gān de xīn shǎng shì shēng lěi luò háo xiáduì rén cóng shè fángsòng rén gāo wén liǎo huā zhōu xián shuō:“ zhān fàn 'ài tiān xià shì xián xiàohuān cháng yán:‘ shàng péi huáng xià péi bēi tián yuàn 'ér。’ yóu zhérén chēngxiǎo xué shì’) huì shǎo cháng jiè zhān yǒu zhān yuē:‘ yǎn qián jiàn tiān xià hǎo rén nǎi bìng。’” rén shì jiān de shì wǎng wǎng jiù shì zhè yàng xìng shì gāo qiú zài zhèng zhì shàng jiàn jiě xiāng zuǒzài rén shēng xiàng shàng xiāng jìng tíng shuō wán quán shì tóng dào zhī rénrán 'ér dāng mén pín néng cún de shí hòuqià qià shì gāo qiú fǎn guò lái jiù liǎo men de mìngshǐ shì zhí zài nán sòng zhòng zhèn jiā fēngzhè huò zhèng shì shēngyǎn qián jiàn tiān xià hǎo rén”, duì shuí chéng xiāng dàicái shǐ zhèng wéi de kuān kuò jīn huái suǒ gǎn dòng
   zhè shùn biàn zài jiāo dài xià gāo qiú de wǎn niánjìng kāng chūgāo qiú sòng huī zōng nán táodào liǎo lín huái rán bìng fǎn huí jīng chéngdāng shí jiān chén tóng guànliáng shī chéng bèi cháo tíng zhū shācài jīng bèi liú fàngwéi gāo qiú miǎn huòhòu lái bìng jiā zhōngzhè gài shì yóu zhè shēng duì xué shìyán wáng lǎo méi yòu ràng zuò dāo xià zhī guǐ
  24、 jìn jīng gǎn kǎo
   chuán shuō sòng dài dōng zǎo nián chéng chuán kǎoyīn fēng làng liǎo kāi kǎo de shí chén chū zhù kǎo rén zhǔn dōng chǎnghòu lái tīng liǎo de shuōdùn shēng yǐn zhī xīnbiàn kǒu sòng lián ràng duìruò duì chūbiàn yǔn shìzhù kǎo guān chū de lián shì :“ xiǎo zhōuzài zhe 'èr sān wèi kǎo shēngzǒu liǎo liù shuǐ diān dǎo dào jiǔ jiāngshí fēn lái chí。” dōng kuì wéi dài cái shāo suǒ biàn yìng shēng duì chū xià lián :“ shí nián hán chuāng liǎo jiǔ juàn shī shūgǎn guò liù kǎo chǎng fān sān wǎng dào 'èr mén dìng yào jìn。” chū yòng shùn duì yòng dǎo yòu qíng jǐngyòu jīng zhé 'ér dāi bǎnshì wéi qiǎo duì
  25、 dōng xiè zhī xián
   dōng yīn tái shī 'ànbèi biǎn huáng zhōudāng rén fāng shū hěn tóng qíng de zāo cháng tàn fǎngliǎng rén jié wéi zhì jiāohòu dōng bèi zhào huí jīngréng fāng shū shū xìn wǎng láiqīn qiánsòng yuán yòu zhōng dōng fèng mìng zhī gòng fāng shū cān jiā liǎo kǎo shìshǐ shū shàng chēng fāng shū luò bǎnghòu zhī qíng zhě jiàn dōng qiú gěi rén qíng”, dàn dōng méi yòu dāyìng zài xiě gěi fāng shū de xìn zhōng shuō:“ jūn zhī jiāo xiāng miǎn dào xiāng yǐn ……” fāng shū hòushēn wéi gǎn dòngliǎng rén de yǒu gèng jiā shēn
   dàn jìn míng cháo yǎn suǒ zhù shì shuō》, què yòu lìng zhǒng shuō zài shū zhōng shuō dōng wéi xīn shǎng fāng shūkǎo qián mǒu dōng lìng shū dǎng chí shū jiǎn gěi fāng shūqià zhí fāng shū wài chū de rén jiù dài shōu liǎo xìn hánfàng zhì zài chájī shàngsuí hòu jiǔzhāng dūn zhī zhāng chí hèzhāng yuán lái fǎng fāng shū réng rán wèi guīzhāng chízhāng yuán 'èr rén shùn shǒu zài chájī shàng jiǎn chāi yuèshìliú xiàng yōu yáng xióng lùnèr piānzhāng chízhāng yuán xiōng zhī zhōng yòu xiāo shì qiāoqiāo jiāng shū jiǎn dài liǎo huí zǎi yán
   jiǔ dōng wéi mìng guǒ rán shìliú xiàng yōu yáng xióng lùn》。 bǎng chūzhāng yuán gāo zhōng míngzhāng chí zhōng shí míngér fāng shū jìng gào luò fāng shū zhī tàn dào:“ gōng zhī gòng ér 'ér jìng mìng 。” dōng chū wéi míng wéi fāng shū zhì chū wéifāng cái zhī dào shì zhāng yuán jìn wéi wǎn hái shī gěi fāng shū zhōng yòu shī shuō:“ píng shēng làng shuō zhàn chǎng jìng kōng 。” shì nài jiě cháo de 。《 shì shuō yún dōng shīzhēn jīn zài nán chāng shì lián jiā xuàn shū gǎo zhāng zhī shǒu tiēgòng wéi juàn huà jiē 'ài 。” yǎn zài míng wéi míng yòu shèng xiàng shuō zhī rénzhǐ shì wèi shuō míng shì 'ér lái
   dōng ruò zhēn de kǎo 'àn shì suǒ shǔ zhěyīnggāi gòu chéngxiè zuì”。 xìng kuī zhāng shì xiōng zhǐ xiǎng huò xiǎng hài rénruò xiǎng hài rén dōng shǒu jiǎn chí chū shēn gàozhuī chá lái dōng zòng lìng liú fàng ruò gān nián
  26、 rěn xīn chāi sàn
   xiāng chuán shì qǐng lín chī fànzhuō shàng yòu pán yóu zhà què gòng 4 zhǐ rén háo de chī liǎo 3 zhǐhái shèng 1 zhǐzhè shílín duì shì shuō:“ hái shèng 1 zhǐ chī liǎo !” shì què shuō:“ rěn xīn chāi sàn menhái shì chī liǎo !”
  27、 shì miàn tiáo
   shì bèi biǎn hǎi nán zhé bèi biǎn léi zhōuèr rén xiāng téng zhōujīng zhī dào biān xiǎo diàn chī miàn tiáo shì gāo kuàng huò chǔyú yōu de jìng què néng suí yuán shìzhuǎn yǎn zhī jiān jiāng 'è shíde miàn tiáo chī guāng zhé què zhǐ chī kǒu jiù fàng xià kuài tàn shì kāi wán xiào dòu :“ fēi hái xiǎng pǐn wèi ?”
  28、 niú shǐ
   tiān shì yìn zài zuò shì wèn kàn kàn xiàng shénme yìn shuō kàn xiàng zūn shì xiàoduì yìn shuō zhī dào kàn zuò zài 'ér xiàng shénmejiù huó xiàng tān niú fèn yìn xiào 'ér shì huí jiā zài xiǎo mèi miàn qián xuàn yào zhè jiàn shì xiǎo mèi lěng xiào xià duì shuōjiù zhè xìng hái cān chán zhī dào cān chán de rén zuì jiǎng jiū de shì shénmeshì jiàn xīn jiàn xìng yìn shuō kàn xiàng zūn shuō míng xīn zhōng yòu zūn shuō yìn xiàng niú fènxiǎng xiǎng xīn yòu shénme
chuán shì míng Handed down the famous
  【 piān
   dàn yuàn rén cháng jiǔqiān gòng chán juān
   zhī shàng liǔ mián chuī yòu shǎotiān chù fāng cǎo
   xiào jiàn wén shēng jiàn qiǎoduō qíng què bèi qíng nǎo
   cháng hèn shēn fēi yòu shí wàng què yíng yíng
   shí nián shēng liǎng máng máng sīliáng nán wàng
   qiān fén chù huà liáng
   xiāng yánwéi yòu lèi qiān xíng
   huì wǎn diāo gōng mǎn yuè běi wàngshè tiān láng
   jiāng dōng làng táo jìnqiān fēng liú rén
   tiān liú luò qióng xiāng féngquè cōng cōng
   xiāng qiān diǎn lèiliú dàochǔ jiāng dōng
   yòu qíng fēng wàn juàn cháo lái qíng sòng cháo guī
   xiū yán wàn shì zhuàntóu kōngwèi zhuàntóu shí jiē mèng
   xiāng féng zuì shì qián yuán
   gāo qíng zhú xiǎo yún kōng huā tóng mèng
   zhěn jiāng nán yān yǎo yǎo méi hóng
   rén jiān yòu wèi shì qīng huān
   shēng cháng hǎomíng yuè míng nián chù kàn
   shēng qián guì cǎo tóu shēn hòu fēng liú shàng huā
   xīn 'ān chù shì xiāng
  【 shī piān
   dàn zhuāng nóng zǒng xiāng
   chūn xiāo zhí qiān jīnhuā yòu qīng xiāng yuè yòu yīn
   shàng huā kāi dié fēijiāng shān yóu shì rén fēi
   shēng qián guì cǎo tóu shēn hòu fēng liú shàng huā
   rén lǎo zān huā xiūhuā yìng xiū shàng lǎo rén tóu
   jiāng shān guī shānjiāng shén jiàn guài jǐng wán
   rén qiū hóng lái yòu xìnshì chūn mèng liǎo hén
   jiāng tóu qiān shù chūn 'ànzhú wài zhī xié gèng hǎo
   jūn shì shì wéi xiōng yòu jié lái shēng wèi liǎo yīn
   zhú wài táo huā sān liǎng zhīchūn jiāng shuǐ nuǎn xiān zhī
   jiǔ nán huāng hèn yóu jué guān píng shēng
   yún sàn yuè míng shuí diǎn zhuìtiān róng hǎi běn chéng qīng
   yǎo yǎo tiān méi chùqīng shān shì zhōng yuán
   shān yān zhè jiāng cháowèi dào qiān bān hèn xiāo
   tiān wài hēi fēng chuī hǎi zhè dōng fēi guò jiāng lái
   dàn zhī sān bǎi cháng zuò lǐng nán rén
   chóu chàng dōng lán zhū xuěrén shēng kàn qīng míng
xiě zuò fēng Writing style
   shì fēng fēn sān lèi
  1、 háo fàng fēng zhè shì shì zhuī qiú de xiǎng fēng chōng pèi 'áng shèn zhì bēi liáng de gǎn qíng róng zhōngxiě rén zhuàng kāng kǎi háo mài de xíng xiàng kuò xióng zhuàng de chǎng miàn shèng
  2、 kuàng fēng zhè shì zuì néng dài biǎo shì xiǎng xìng diǎn de fēng
  3、 wǎn yuē fēng shì wǎn yuē de shù liàng zài de zǒng shù zhōng zhàn yòu jué duì duō de zhè xiē gǎn qíng chún zhèng shēn wǎn diào jiàn kāng gāo yuǎn shì duì chuán tǒng wǎn yuē de zhǒng chéng zhǎn
shì shū Su Shi Calligraphy
  《 zhōng shān sōng láo
  《 dòng tíng chūn
  《 rén lái shū tiē
  《 xiè mín shī lùn wén tiē
  《 jiāng shàng tiē
  《 huáng zhōu hán shí shī tiē
  《 bái xiān shī tiē
  《 yùn qín tài shī tiē
  《 hǎi tiē
  《 huáng dào wén juàn
  《 méi huā shī tiē
  《 qián chì
  《 dōng tiē
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  《 bǎo yuè tiē
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  《 zhì nán guī shǐ jūn tiē
  《 biàn cái yùn shī
  《 tiē
  《 chén kuí bēi
  《 zhì ruò zǒng guǎn chǐ
  《 huái
  《 jìn rén tiē
  《 fàn fēngděng
shī zuò pǐn Poetry works
  《 chì
  《 hòu chì
  《 shí zhōng shān
  《 chū yǐng kǒu chū jiàn huái shānshì zhì shòu zhōu
  《 chūn xiāo
  《 hǎi táng
  《 yóu miǎn chí huái jiù
  《 yóu qīng
  《 huā yǐng
  《( huì chóngchūn jiāng wǎn jǐng》( shī wéi zuò zhě shì guān kàn huì chóng suǒ huàchūn jiāng wǎn jǐngér zuò
  《 yóu shān fǎng huì qín huì 'èr sēng
  《 liù yuè 'èr shí wàng lóu zuì shū
  《 sān yuè 'èr shí jiǔ
  《 shàng yuán shì yàn
  《 shí cāng shū zuì táng
  《 shū shì nán suǒ huà qiū jǐng
  《 jīn shān
  《 lín
  《 wàng hǎi lóu wǎn jǐng
  《 xuě hòu běi tái shū
  《 yǐn shàng chū qíng hòu
  《 yòu měi táng bào
  《 dìng huì yuàn zhī dōng huā mǎn shān yòu hǎi táng zhū rén zhī guì
  《 zèng liú jǐng wén
  《 zhēngyuè 'èr shí wǎng tíngjùn rén pānguō sān rén sòng wáng chéng dōng chán zhuāng yuàn
  《 zhēngyuè 'èr shí pān guō 'èr shēng chū jiāo xún chūn nián shì tóng zhì wáng chéng zuò shī nǎi qián yùn
  《 shēng gān zhōu ( cān liáo )》
  《 suàn ( quē yuè guà shū tóng )》
  《 dié liàn huā ( huā tuì cán hóng qīng xìng xiǎo )》
  《 dié liàn huā ( huà píng chū huì )》
  《 dié liàn huā ( zhōu shàng yuán )》
  《 dìng fēng ( cháng xiàn rén jiān zhuó láng )》
  《 dìng fēng ( tīng chuān lín shēng )》
  《 shuǐ lóng yín · yùn zhāng zhì yáng huā
  《 dòng xiān ( bīng )》
  《 dòng xiān ( jiāng nán jìn )》
  《 xīn láng ( yàn fēi huá )》
  《 huàn shā ( kuài qīng qīng mài wèi )》
  《 huàn shā ( huà sǔn héng jiāng zài yóu )》
  《 huàn shā ( shān héng qīn zhàn yùn xiá )》
  《 huàn shā ( shān xià lán duǎn jìn )》
  《 huàn shā ( sòng méi tíng lǎo shàng dǎng xué guān )》
  《 huàn shā ( xié fēng zuò xiǎo hán )》
  《 huàn shā ( )》
  《 huàn shā ( zhào shēn hóng nuǎn jiàn )》
  《 jiǎn lán huā ( chūn yuè )》
  《 jiǎn lán huā ( kōng chuáng xiǎng zhuó )》
  《 jiāng chéng ( cuì 'é xiū dài qiè rén kàn )》
  《 jiāng chéng ( shàng zhāng xiān tóng )》
  《 jiāng chéng ( lǎo liáo shàonián kuáng )》
  《 jiāng chéng ( tiān liú luò qióng )》
  《 jiāng chéng · mǎo zhēngyuè 'èr shí mèng ( shí nián shēng liǎng máng máng )》
  《 lín jiāng xiān ( yǐn dōng xǐng zuì )》
  《 mǎn jiāng hóng ( jiāng hàn lái )》
  《 mǎn jiāng hóng ( qīng yǐng dōng liú )》
  《 mǎn tíng fāng ( sān shí sān nián )》
  《 lán huā lìng ( 'ōu gōng yùn )》
  《 nán ( 'àn chū )》
  《 nán xiāng ( hán què mǎn shū )》
  《 nán xiāng ( liáng diàn shā chú )》
  《 nán xiāng ( shuāng jiàng shuǐ hén shōu )》
  《 nán xiāng ( sòng shù )》
  《 niàn jiāo ( chì huái )》
  《 qìn yuán chūn ( guǎn dēng qīng )》
  《 qìn yuán chūn ( qíng ruò lián huán )》
  《 qīng 'àn ( sān nián zhěn shàng zhōng )》
  《 ruǎn láng guī ( chū xià )》
  《 shàonián yóu ( nián xiāng sòng )》
  《 shào biàn ( wéi zhé yāo )》
  《 shuǐ diào tóu ( luò xiù lián juàn )》
  《 shuǐ diào tóu ( míng yuè shí yòu )》
  《 chéng tiān yóu
  《 fàn zēng lùn
  《 jiǎ lùn
   shì miǎn duì liánzòng shǐ wàn bān xún duò suí rén .
zhǒng zhù běn Note the variety of
  cóng sòng dài kāi shǐ shì zuò pǐn de zhù běn duàn chū xiàn jiào zhù míng de yòu
  1. shī zhù
   chá shèn xíng zhù dōng biān nián shī
   féng yìng liú wén zhōng shī zhù
   wáng wén gào wén zhōng gōng shī biān zhù chéng
   kǒng fán diǎn xiào de shì shī 》, zhōng huá shū 1982 nián chū bǎn
  2. wén zhù
   nán sòng qiū biān zhù de xuǎn běnjīng jìn dōng wén shì lüè
   míng máo wéi dedōng xiān shēng quán 》,
   kǒng fán diǎn xiào de shì wén 》, zhōng huá shū 1986 nián chū bǎn
  3. zhù
   jìn rén zhū móu de biān nián běndōng yuèfǔ
   jīn rén lóng shēng dedōng yuèfǔ jiān》。
  4 lìng wài
   lín táng de dōng chuánkān chēng jiā zuò
xiāng guān shū Related Books
  shū míng : kāng zhèn píng shuō dōng
   zhù zhě kāng zhèn
   rèn biān ji lóu jiàn yǒng
   chū bǎn xíng zhōng huá shū
   guó shū hào ISBN978-7-101-05986-1
   dìng jià 28.00 yuán
   nèi róng jiǎn jiè
   cái huá héng tuō háo fàng
   mìng yùn duō chuǎnyōu guān
   de tiān cáiyuān chāo duō qíngliú xià liǎo duàn duàn chuán jiā huà
   jiù shì jīng qiān nián réng sàn zhe mèi guāng cǎi de dōng
   shū míng : dōng chuán
   zhù zhě : lín táng
   zhě : zhāng zhèn
   rèn biān ji : zhōu hóng
   chū bǎn xíng : shǎn shī fàn xué chū bǎn shè
   guó shū hào :ISBN978-7-5613-3501-7
   dìng jià :24.80 yuán
  ( lìng shū yòu sòng yún 1977 nián bǎn , yuǎn jǐng chū bǎn shè )
diàn shì jiǎng zuò TV Talk
  CCTV-10《 bǎi jiā jiǎng tánsuǒ zuò tóng míng jiǎng zuò wéi chǔ zhěng rùn 'ér chéng
  
   zhōng zhèn zhèn
   zhāng shàonián chéng míng
   'èr zhāng shì
   sān zhāng nán lín tóu
   zhāng xiāo dōng
   zhāng chì jué chàng
   liù zhāng dōng shān zài
   zhāng zhī nán 'ér tuì
   zhāng biǎn zài biǎn
   jiǔ zhāng xīng yǔn luò
   shí zhāng tiān lún zhī
   shí zhāng shǒu zhī qíng
   shí 'èr zhāng dōng yìn xiàng
   zhù yào cān kǎo shū
   shì shī xuǎn xuǎn píng
   hòu
mín jiān gōng Crafts
   shì wéi shì cái de zhǒng gōng pǐn
   táo diāo yóu fēng wěi mín shī chuàng zuò
   lèi zuò pǐn chēng zhī wéishí wān gōng zǎi”, wèi guǎng dōng shěng shān shì shí wān zhèn yòu lǐng nán de chǎn
   xià
wén rén píng shuō Scholars note
  huáng tíng jiān
   rén wèi dōng zuò wényīn nán jiàn qiǎo gōng wéi rán lǎo wén zhāng luò jiē chāo jué chén 'ěr
  ----《 dōng < zuì wēng cāo >》
   cháo jiù
   dōng rén wèi duō xié yīn rán shì héng fàng jié chū shì qǔzǐ zhōng zhù zhě
  
  ( liǔ yǒng suī gōng zhìrán duō liú rén yóu dào zhī hòu 'ōu zhū gōng chūwén biànzhì wéi zhì gāo
  ----《 què sǎo piān
   yóu
   shì yán dōng néng suǒ zuò dōng duō xiécháo dào wèishào shèng chū dōng bié biàn shàngdōng jiǔ hān yáng guān》。 gōng fēi néng dàn háo fàng jiǎn cái jiù shēng 'ěr
  ----《 lǎo xué 'ān
   chén xún
   dōng chóng zhēn guī liǔqín zhī zūn dōng shǐ
  ----《 hǎi xiāo shuō
   wáng guó wéi
   sòng táng shī dōng tài báiōuqín jié qīng tiānfāng huíshū yuán shí zhī liú
  ----《 qīng zhēn xiān shēng shì · shàng lùn sān
   zhū zhēn
   tiān fēng hǎi hài xīn shénbái shí qīng kōng hòu chén
   shuí jiàn dōng zhēn miàn fēn fēn 'ěr shí shuō xīn
   cài sōng yún
   dōng xiōng yòu wàn juàn diǎn chén kuò chù zài néng zuò háo fàng ér zài jīn huái yòu hán gài qiē xiàngruò wài mào dōng shī xiào píndōng xiǎo lìngqīng rén shēn zhìlìng jìngshè fēi xiōng jīn gāo kuàngyān néng yòu shǔ
  ----《 tíng lùn
tái shī 'àn Wutai poem
  sòng shén zōng zài níng nián jiān( 1068~ 1077) zhòng yòng wáng 'ān shí biàn biàn shī hòuyòu zài yuán fēng nián jiān( 1078~ 1085) cóng shì gǎi zhìjiù zài biàn dào gǎi zhì de zhuǎn zhé guān tóu shēng liǎo shì tái shī 'ànzhè 'àn jiàn xiān yóu jiān chá shǐ dìng gào hòu zài shǐ tái shòu shěn shǐ tái hàn dài lái bié chēng tái”, suǒ 'àn chēng wéi tái shī 'àn”。
   běi sòng shén zōng nián jiān shì yīn wéi fǎn duì xīn bìng zài de shī wén biǎo liǎo duì xīn zhèng de mǎnyóu dāng shí shì wén tán de lǐng xiùrèn yóu shì de shī zài shè huì shàng chuán duì xīn zhèng de tuī xíng hěn suǒ zài shén zōng de xià shì bèi zhuā jìn tái guān jiù shì 4 yuèměi tiān bèi yào jiāo dài qián xiě de shī de yóu lái zhōng diǎn de chū chù
   yóu sòng cháo yòu shā shì de guàn suǒ shì miǎn dàn bèi biǎn wéi huáng zhōu tuán liàn shǐyuán fēng 'èr nián( 1079 nián), shì rèn zhōuzhè jiāng shěng xīng xiàn), yuè zāo shǐ tái suǒ pài qiǎn de huáng zūn děng rén dài men zhǐ zhèng shì zài shī wén zhōng wāi shì shí , fěi bàng cháo tíng shǐ dìng zhèng chénshū dàn děng rén chū shì deháng zhōu shì shīzuò wéi zhèng shuō wán nòng cháo tíng cháo guó jiā shì”, gèng cóng de shī wén zhōng chū 'èr duàn zhāng de jǐyǔ dìng zuì:“ shū wàn juàn zhì jūn yáo shùn zhī shù”, běn lái shì shì shuō méi yòu lèi de shū tōngsuǒ bāng zhù huáng chéng wéi xiàng yáoshùn yàng de shèng rén men què zhǐ shì fěng huáng méi néng jiào dǎojiān guān yòu dōng hǎi ruò zhī míng zhù yìng jiào chì biàn sāng tián”, shuō shì zhǐ xīng xiū shuǐ de zhè cuò shī duì shí shì zài háng zhōu xīng xiū shuǐ gōng chéngzěn huì rèn wéi shì cuò de yòu shì wén sháo wàng jiě wèiěr lái sān yuè shí yánshuō shì fěng jìn zhǐ rén mín mài yánzǒng jié huàshì rèn dìng dǎn gǎn fěng huáng shàng zǎixiàngzuì 'è yīnggāi chǔsǐ xíng
   shì zài shǐ tái nèi zāo dào yán xíng kǎo wèn rèn nán táo zuìzuì hòu zhōng néng xìng miǎn shì nián shí 'èr yuè 'èr shí méng shén zōng de 'ēn bèi pàn liú fàng huáng zhōu běi shěng huáng gāng xiàn), shì bèi jìn jìn bǎi hòu huò shì kāi shǐ tái zhī hòu rén zhè zhuāng 'àn jiàn de gào zhuàng gōng shù shū biān zuǎn wéi tái shī 'àn》。“ tái shǐ tái。《 hàn shū · zhū chuán》:“ shì shí shǐ shè bǎi jǐng shuǐ jiē jiéyòu zhōng liè bǎi shùcháng yòu shù qiān shàngchén láihào yuē zhāoxī 。” hòu shì biàn shǐ wéi shǐ tái wéi táiyóu zhè 'àn de zhě dōushì shǐ tái de yán guān men bāo kuò shǐ zhōng chéng dìngjiān chá shǐ xíng shǐ tái de jiàn shǐ guānshū dàn zhèng chén děngyīn chēng wéi tái shī 'àn”。
mín jiān gōng Crafts
苏轼 民间工艺
   shì shì wéi cái de zhǒng gōng pǐn
   táo diāo yóu fēng wěi mín shī chuàng zuò
   lèi zuò pǐn chēng zhī wéishí wān gōng zǎi”, wèi guǎng dōng shěng shān shì shí wān zhèn yòu lǐng nán de chǎn
   zuǒ
bǎi diǎn Encyclopedia
  Su Shi
   shì
     sòng dài wén xué jiāshū huà jiā zhān zhònghào dōng shìméi zhōu méi shānjīn shǔ chuānrénchū shēn hán mén zhù jiā tíngyòu nián chéng shòu jiā jiàoshēn shòu xún de xūn táo chéng shì céngqīn shòu shū”。 cháng,“ xué tōng jīng shǐzhǔwén shù qiān yán”( zhédōng xiān shēng zhì míng》)。
     shēng píng xiǎng  jiā yuán nián( 1056), shì shǒu chū chuān jīng yìng nián zhé zhōng tóng bǎng jìn shìshēn shòu zhù kǎo 'ōu yáng xiū shǎng shíhòu yīn bēn sàng huí shǔjiā nián shǐ yán cháng jiāngjīng jiāng líng zài jīngjiāliù nián yìng zhōng zhì sān děngshòu píng shìqiān shū fèng xiáng pàn guānzhè jiān shì zhēn duì cái bīng ruòguān rǒng děng zhèng zhì duānxiě liǎo liàng lùnyào qiú gǎi
     shì fèng xiáng rèn mǎn xún biàn jīng bìng sàng guī níng 'èr nián( 1069) chū hái cháo rèn zhí shí shén zōng yòng wáng 'ān shí biàn shì de gǎi xiǎng wáng 'ān shí de biàn zhù zhāng yòu duō tóng wáng 'ān shí zhù zhāng míng ” , duō fāng cái , bìng xùn xiàng quán guó tuī xíng xīn shì qiáng diào rénrénér fǎn duì gèng zhì wéi shì” (《 lüè sān ); zhù zhāngjié yòng lián ”, ér zàn tóngguǎng qiú zhī mén” (《 biéshí ); hái chū ”,“ qīng duō bài”, zài xīng zhòu shàng zhù wěn jiànyīn lián shàng shū fǎn duì biàn yóu jiàn wèi bèi cǎi qǐng qiú wài diào níng nián zhì yuán fēng chū xiān hòu bèi pài wǎng háng zhōu zhōu zhōu zhōu děng rèn fāng guānzài zhè jiān céng jīng chéng bàn hàn miè huáng jiù zāikàng hóng bǎo duì zhèng jìn xíng liǎo mǒu xiē gǎi shōu dào liǎoyīn biàn mínzhī xiào
     shì mǎn biàn yóu dāng kàn dào xīn tuī xíng zhōng de liú shí,“ gǎn shì” , shí shíyuán shī rén zhī , tuō shì fěng”(《 dōng xiān shēng zhì míng》)。 wáng 'ān shí xiāng hòu zhèng chénshū□、 dìng děng xīn jìn guān liáo què cóng shì shī wén zhōng shēn wén zhōu , luó zhì zuì zhuàng , tánhé shìzhǐ chì shèngyú”、“ bāo cáng huò xīn”, yīn yuán fēng 'èr nián (1079) cóng zhōu dài tóu jiān , kān wèn fěi bàng cháo tíng de zuì xíng , zhè jiù niàng chéng běi sòng yòu míng de wén tái shī 'àn”。 jīng guò yuè de zhé shì jiǎo xìng bèi shìzhé biǎn huáng zhōuzài yuán fēng shí de biǎn chì shēng huó zhōng suī bèi biǎo shì yào mén guòdàn bìng wèi jiān kǒu réng rán guān xīn xiàn shítóng qíng rén mínxiě liǎo shǎo yòu jià zhí de zuò pǐnyuán fēng nián shì gǎi biǎn zhōu huáng zhōu běi shàng shí jīng jīn língcéng bài huì tuì xiū zǎixiàng wáng 'ān shíliǎng rén zhèng zhì jiàn jiě suī yòu fēn dàn hái bǎo chí liǎo jiāogòng yóu jiǎng shān xiāng chànghè
     yuán fēng nián shén zōng bìng zhé zōng nián yòugāo tài hòu lín cháo nián gǎi yuán yuán□, yòng jiù dǎng guāng zhí zhèng shì bèi diào huí jīng rèn zhōng shū shè rénhàn lín xué shìzhī zhì gào děng zhí tóng guāngzhuān biàn níng zhī xiào liàng hàicān yòng suǒ cháng”。 zài fèi miǎn wèn shàng jiù dǎng shēng fēn shì rèn wéi chāiyì miǎn èr hài qīng zhònggài lüè xiāng děngjīn mín wèi ”(《 biàn shì guǎn zhí wèn zhá 》), zhè yòu yǐn liǎo jiù pài yuán niánchū zhī háng zhōuliù nián zhào huíjiǎ děng rén xún gào shì shàng fēng zhāng chú jùn”(《 wài jiǎ zhá 》), xiān hòu bèi pài zhī yǐng zhōuyáng zhōudìng zhōu shì zài háng zhōucéng jiǎn zhèn huāngjué xiū zài dìng zhōucéng zhěng chì jūn jiā qiáng biān bèizài yuánbǎo shǒu fēn chōng mǎn cháo tíng de shí dài réng rán zài suǒ néng de fàn wéi nèi duàn jìn xíng mǒu xiē xīng
     shào shèng yuán nián zhé zōng qīn zhèngxīn dǎng shìbiǎn chì yuánjiù chén shì yòu chéng wéi zhè xiē xīn guì de duì xiàng , bèi biǎn zài biǎn , yóu yīng zhōujīn guǎng dōng yīng )、 huì zhōu zhí yuǎn fàng dào dàn zhōu ( jīn hǎi nán dàn xiàn )。 jìn guǎn dāng shíyǐn shí yào shí yòu”, tiáo jiàn wéi jiān shì què néngshí yǐn shuǐzhù shū wéi ”。 bìng duì huì zhōu bǎi xìng rén mín liú liǎo shēn hòu de tóng qíngzhí dào yuán sān nián (1100) sòng huī zōng wèi cái shè běi guījiàn zhōng jìng guó yuán nián (1101) yuè cháng zhōu
     shì zài xué de chǔ shàng rǎn lǎo lǎo sān jiā zhé xué jié lái jiā xiǎng duì jīhū dōuyòu yǐn zǎo nián jiùfèn yòu dāng shì zhì” (《 dōng xiān shēng zhì míng》 ), hěn xiàng wǎngcháo tíng qīng míng 'ér tiān xià zhì píng”(《 bié de shèng shì yòu jiā jūn zhì guójīng shì mín de zhèng
yīngwénjièshì
  1. n.:  Su Shi
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