Coelenterate Overview (coelenterata) Section characteristics coelenterate First, the radial symmetry Coelenterate body shape has been fixed, and the radial symmetry, that is, through the central axis of the body there are many facets to the two halves of the body into symmetrical. Only the oral surface and anti-port side of the points. Some species only two cuts through the central axis, the body is divided into equal halves, said the two radial symmetry, such as sea anemone. This is between the radiation between the symmetric and bilaterally symmetrical form. Second, the two primitive germ layers and the digestive cavity Coelenterate is a real animal germ layers both inside and outside, between the two germ layers ectoderm cells from within the middle layer. The body cavity that is the original lumen, a function of extracellular digestion, the residue from the discharge port, it is also known as the digestive loop cavity, or intestinal cavity, coelenterate thus the name. Third, cell and tissue differentiation Coelenterate skin cells have differentiated into muscle cells, glandular cells, between cells, gill cells, sensory cells. Skin-muscle cells are the cells within the ectoderm of the main executable epithelial and muscle physiology, it is called skin-muscle cells, which suggests that the original epithelium began coelenterates and muscle tissue. Skin-muscle cells extending from the base of one or a few slender processes, including muscle fiber distribution, their composition and mechanism of higher animals similar to contraction. Fourth, neural network Began to appear from the coelenterate nervous system. Nerve cells linked to each other from the neural network processes, so called network nervous system. Nerve cells in the sensory cells within the ectoderm, skin-muscle cells connected to the outside world an effective response to various stimuli, but not nerve center. Nerve conduction generally do not have a fixed direction, so the nervous system known as dispersion. Coelenterate not breathing and excretory organ, mainly depend on the cell surface to obtain oxygen from the water and to carbon dioxide and other waste directly into water or into the digestive loop cavity, the discharge port. Fifth, a hydra type, jellyfish-type two basic forms Sessile polyp type of business, takes the shape of cylindrical, fixed terminal, said base plate, the other end of the feeding of the mouth, surrounded by tentacles, in the thin layer. Gang type of coral polyps, body wall ectoderm secretes calcareous exoskeleton. Floating jellyfish-type camp life, takes the shape of disc-shaped, prominent outer side of said umbrella, said concave side under the umbrella of its central hanging a vertical pipe, the end is the mouth, the mouth cavity pass into the digestive cycle and sub- the convergence of branched tube, and has been connected through to the edge of the umbrella loop, the edge of the umbrella tube tentacles and feel (statocyst, tentacle sac). Under the umbrella Hydromedusae edge of the circle to the central stretch film, said border membrane. VI, reproductive methods Whether the two types of reproductive and sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction by budding and form the groups often. Mostly dioecious sexual reproduction, hydra ectoderm formed by the outline of the gonad, but the key link Scyphozoa and gonads of coral comes from the endoderm, germ cells from between the cells from. Marine species during embryonic development in the larval stage floating waves. Section on behalf of animals - Hydra Hydra (hydra) living in clean water in the ponds or small streams, attached to aquatic plants, fallen leaves or underwater rock First, the shape Hydra cylindrical body, one end attached to other objects as the base plate, the free end of a cone-shaped protrusions, said vertical lip, central a mouth, tentacles, arranged radially around 6-12 bar, for the prey organ, lateral buds often polyp. Second, the body wall From the ectoderm, endoderm, and in the cover. (A) of the ectodermal cells arranged in neat rows, thin muscle cells from the skin, between the cells, gill cells, glandular cells, sensory cells and nerve cells. Skin muscle cells were columnar, arranged in the base of longitudinal muscle fibers. Between the undifferentiated cells are small cells, located in between the skin-muscle cells, differentiated by its stinging cells and reproductive cells. Coelenterate sting cells are unique to a cell, mainly in the tentacles and on the body surface. Stinging cells contain a nucleus and a barbed nematocysts, venom sac with a circle of barbed wire and tube, outside of stinging cells have a needle, when the needles are stimulated, the barbed wire now with venom injection, the venom injected into predators or catch, so that the anesthesia or killed, said that nematocysts puncture stab stab nematocysts. Hydra there are two kinds of paper and sticky wrapping barbed barbed nematocysts nematocysts, which are related with the movement prey. Barbed wire injection, the stinging cells shrink gradually supplemented by the inter-cells. Gland cells were mainly located in the base plate and mouth area, the secretion of mucus for attachment, protection and assistance to feeding, the gas can also be secreted to help Hydra from the bottom to the surface. Sensory cells scattered among the muscle cells in the skin, especially around the mouth, tentacles and the base plate more; sensory cells of small, ends with a sensory hair, the base is connected with the nerve fibers. Ectoderm cells, nerve cells located in the base, close to the middle layer part of the processes of nerve cells connected to each other to form a neural network. The main function is to protect the ectoderm, feeling, movement and reproduction and so on. (B) in the thin, transparent layer, the ectoderm cells from the gelatinous material composition, like flexible bones, there are many small fibers, but also out into the skin-muscle cell processes which, from the support of the body. (C) the endoderm by the endothelial muscle cells, gland cells, small sensory cells and between cells, cell arrangement than the ectoderm thickness, endothelial muscle cells long and large, usually in the cells at the top have two flagella, flagella of the swing can be excited water Some skin-muscle cells can reach the top of pseudopodia for prey, the cell to digest, also known as nutritional muscular cells. Gland cells between the muscle cells in the skin, contains many secretory granules, secretion of digestive enzymes to carry out extracellular digestion. Between the cells, sensory cells and the relatively small number of nerve cells. The main function of the endoderm is nutrition. Third, the physiological (A) of the hydra feeding and digestion of food, mostly small crustaceans (water fleas), aquatic oligochaetes and insect larvae. When the perception of food near Hydra tentacles, they immediately barbed wire injection, anesthesia or kill them, and then sent to the entrance of the tentacles, digested food is swallowed recycling cavity, the secretion of digestive gland cells by the extracellular enzyme digestion, after digestion food particles and then out of muscle cells by the endothelial pseudopodia for intracellular digestion. Hydra has no anus mouth, oral discharge residue remains. Hydra is not breathing and excretory organs, gas exchange and excretion of metabolic waste directly from the cell surface. (B) Sports camps sessile polyp, when the environment is unfavorable, you can leave the original point of fixation of drifting, sport-style campaign mode for the measure, or inchworm-like crawl. Tumbling motion can be made, the general trend of light, moderate exercise, oxygen-rich, food-rich areas. (D) Hydra regeneration of a strong regenerative capacity, will cut into sections of any polyp, a short can be regenerated for each part of the loss; and form a new individual. Since Hydra has a strong ability to regenerate, and thus is an ideal experimental animal materials. Coelenterate door Category III First, the Hydra Gang (hydrozoa) The many different types of classes, most live in the sea, a few live in fresh water. Life history of sessile polyps in free swimming jellyfish-type and type. Hydra-type structure is simple, only a simple digestive cavity loop. Jellyfish-type affinity membrane, the base of tentacles statocyst, gonad formation from the ectoderm, the life cycle of a generational phenomenon. The classes are about 3 700 species, on behalf of animals: Hydra, living in the Pearl River freshwater rods intestinal worm (cordylophora lacust ris) and sea habitat of the Tau Chi intestinal worm (obelia geniculat a) and so on. Tau Chi intestinal worm: the distribution in shallow water areas to dendritic groups sessile. Population base there have been many grape-like branches, said the intestinal worm roots; intestinal worm root extension to give up part of an upright, said stem intestinal worm; to grow on both sides of each branch, said the intestinal worm sticks. Intestinal worm sticks the top of the birth or reproductive polyp body. Groups of students around the exoskeleton with a layer of transparent, said Wai sheath, which is secreted into the ectoderm. Were within the sheath around the meat, from the ectoderm, endoderm layer and constitute, in the middle of the cavity, said cavity were meat. Total meat is co-organized groups, and the polyp, reproductive body connected. Polyp with mouth and upper lip hanging around there have been many solid tentacles, oral cavity under the access digestive cycle, and common meat cavity connected. Polyp has a cup around the sheath, said sheath Hydra, any polyp captured by the digested food can be delivered to the chamber through the digestive cycle of the other parts of the population. Hydra fitness for defense, predation, digestion, absorption and excretion function, as a member of Nutrition. Reproductive body without tentacles and mouth, tilting said sub-central stem with a knife, and common meat the same, sub-bottle-shaped stem of the tube outside the sheath, said sheath reproduction. Sub stem cells to generate many jellyfish budding shoots, mature sheath through the opening swim reproductive become medusa. Tau Chi intestinal worm generated from the asexual generation sexual generation of the medusa, medusa produce sperm and eggs, after fertilization develop into clonal groups, a phenomenon known as alternation of generations. Peach Blossom Jellyfish (craspedacusta soweroyi): gonad red, often occurs in peach blossom season, jellyfish drift in the water, white water clip red, resembles a peach, it said Craspedacusta. Produced in Sichuan, China Jialing River and the lakes along the Yangtze River, due to the Sheng Craspedacusta natural fish spawning period of time when the Yangtze River, to fish great danger. Second, Scyphozoa (scyphozoa) Also known as jellyfish Programme (true jellyfish Gang). All the marine animals of the Gang, jellyfish-type very well developed sense organs as tentacles capsule, missed film, Hydra does not degenerate into, gonads endodermal origin. The Gang of about 200 species of common ownership: Moon jellyfish (aurelia aurit a): August, May to July each year in groups of four in north China coastal waters and coastal areas. Oblate umbrella lanes, four ports wrist floating in the water, exactly like the flag, also known as mother of the flag saliva; the same time, showed a translucent white body coils, like the water of the month, it will be the name of moon jellyfish . Get a few more easily understood, often used as experimental material. Jellyfish (rhopilema esculent um): an umbrella body height and thick, pale blue dome, the layer is very thick, strong swimming ability. The edge of the umbrella without tentacles, 8 notch, tentacles, sense organs within the capsule. Jellyfish larvae with the central port and 4 port wrist, in the growth process of gradually closed the central mouth, the mouth of the wrist and branches grow into eight three-wing-shaped mouth of the wrist, the edge of healing into a number of suction mouth, surrounded by many tentacles, The top of the barbed cells and gland cells, to help catch food. Food from the suction mouth, oral branch of the wrist in a small tube reaches the stomach to digest. Population structure and feeding mode wrist like a plant root absorption of nutrients, so the jellyfish jellyfish known as the root of such saliva mother. Third, the coral Programme (ant hozoa) All seafood, only the hydra type (single or group), no jellyfish type. Ectoderm to form the mouth of a road subsidence. Hau Road on both sides of the mouth of a Erdaogou cilia, which takes the shape of radial symmetry around. Digestive cavity layer of circular cavity in prominent membrane, the number is 8, 6 or 6 times. Gonad formation of the endoderm. There developed in the connective tissue layer. Most species have a calcareous exoskeleton. Sea anemone (actiniaria): fixation with the rock between the lake, or burrowing in the sand. Takes the shape of a long cylinder, no bones, muscles, diaphragm and touch means a lot, a total of 6 times, when fully extended finger touch, was chrysanthemum. Carnivorous anemones, bulimia. Some species and other animals, or symbiotic single-cell algae, common coastal animals. With the Programme and various coral exoskeleton. Many different types of coral, staghorn coral common ownership (madrepora), Zhi Shi (fungiia) and so on. Their bones can be made valuable addition to crafts, the bones and sediment deposition, can form coral reefs, such as the China Sea, in sand, the Nansha Islands and so on. The profusion of coral, providing habitat for fish, is an ideal breeding marine fisheries conservation zone. Accumulation of coral skeletons, formed in the limestone formation, but also to geology, archeology, and provide material the use of deposits. However, the formation of coral reefs often for navigation harm. Section coelenterate systems development Generally believed that the origin coelenterate larvae in a similar wave and floating ancestors. This ancestor could be the key link flagella groups, according to Mei's hypothesis, formed by the cells into primitive germ layers of the two animals, which it has evolved into hydra link, then hydras Programme development along different pathways and coral classes Scyphozoa. Coelenterate Summary Coelenterate radially symmetrical or two for the radiation takes the shape of the two germ layers symmetric multi-cellular animals. No anus and a mouth, digestive loop cavity appears, can do to digest the extracellular and intracellular digestion. There the original muscle tissue, nerve tissue and sensory organs. Have special stinging cells. Secreted by the ectoderm cells are calcareous or horny skeleton. A Hydra-and jellyfish-type. Mode of reproduction without sexual reproduction and sexual reproduction of two, and some type of a generational phenomenon, seafood species have free swimming larvae floating wave. All aquatic, most seafood.
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Coelenterate Overview (Coelenterate)
Coelenterate about 1 million species, there are several live in freshwater, but most live in seawater. Central students free of such aquatic body bag, so the whole animal and some bell-shaped, and some were umbrella. Coelenterate tentacles are very sensitive, the above group of students known as the thorn successful nematocysts of the stinging cells. If the tentacles touch something to eat, the end of poisonous nematocysts in the thread will be stretched out from the stab, pierce the prey body.
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Characteristics of coelenterate
First, the radial symmetry Coelenterate body shape has been fixed, and the radial symmetry, that is, through the central axis of the body there are many facets to the two halves of the body into symmetrical. Only the oral surface and anti-port side of the points. Some species only two cuts through the central axis, the body is divided into equal halves, said the two radial symmetry, such as sea anemone. This is between the radiation between the symmetric and bilaterally symmetrical form. Second, the two primitive germ layers and the digestive cavity Coelenterate is a real animal germ layers both inside and outside, between the two germ layers ectoderm cells from within the middle layer. The body cavity that is the original lumen, a function of extracellular digestion, the residue from the discharge port, it is also known as the digestive loop cavity, or intestinal cavity, coelenterate thus the name. Third, cell and tissue differentiation Coelenterate skin cells have differentiated into muscle cells, glandular cells, between cells, gill cells, sensory cells. Skin-muscle cells are the cells within the ectoderm of the main executable epithelial and muscle physiology, it is called skin-muscle cells, which suggests that the original epithelium began coelenterates and muscle tissue. Skin-muscle cells extending from the base of one or a few slender processes, including muscle fiber distribution, their composition and mechanism of higher animals similar to contraction. Fourth, neural network Began to appear from the coelenterate nervous system. Nerve cells linked to each other from the neural network processes, so called network nervous system. Nerve cells in the sensory cells within the ectoderm, skin-muscle cells connected to the outside world an effective response to various stimuli, but not nerve center. Nerve conduction generally do not have a fixed direction, so the nervous system known as dispersion. Coelenterate not breathing and excretory organ, mainly depend on the cell surface to obtain oxygen from the water and to carbon dioxide and other waste directly into water or into the digestive loop cavity, the discharge port. Fifth, a hydra type, jellyfish-type two basic forms Sessile polyp type of business, takes the shape of cylindrical, fixed terminal, said base plate, the other end of the feeding of the mouth, surrounded by tentacles, in the thin layer. Gang type of coral polyps, body wall ectoderm secretes calcareous exoskeleton. Floating jellyfish-type camp life, takes the shape of disc-shaped, prominent outer side of said umbrella, said concave side under the umbrella of its central hanging a vertical pipe, the end is the mouth, the mouth cavity pass into the digestive cycle and sub- the convergence of branched tube, and has been connected through to the edge of the umbrella loop, the edge of the umbrella tube tentacles and feel (statocyst, tentacle sac). Under the umbrella Hydromedusae edge of the circle to the central stretch film, said border membrane. VI, reproductive methods Whether the two types of reproductive and sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction by budding and form the groups often. Mostly dioecious sexual reproduction, hydra ectoderm formed by the outline of the gonad, but the key link Scyphozoa and gonads of coral comes from the endoderm, germ cells from between the cells from. Marine species during embryonic development in the larval stage floating waves.
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On behalf of animals - Hydra
Hydra (Hydra) to live in clean water or small streams, ponds, attached to aquatic plants, fallen leaves or underwater rock First, the shape Hydra cylindrical body, one end attached to other objects as the base plate, the free end of a cone-shaped protrusions, said vertical lip, central a mouth, tentacles, arranged radially around 6-12 bar, for the prey organ, lateral buds often polyp. Second, the body wall From the ectoderm, endoderm, and in the cover. (A) of the ectodermal cells arranged in neat rows, thin muscle cells from the skin, between the cells, gill cells, glandular cells, sensory cells and nerve cells. Skin muscle cells were columnar, arranged in the base of longitudinal muscle fibers. Between the undifferentiated cells are small cells, located in between the skin-muscle cells, differentiated by its stinging cells and reproductive cells. Coelenterate sting cells are unique to a cell, mainly in the tentacles and on the body surface. Stinging cells contain a nucleus and a barbed nematocysts, venom sac with a circle of barbed wire and tube, outside of stinging cells have a needle, when the needles are stimulated, the barbed wire now with venom injection, the venom injected into predators or catch, so that the anesthesia or killed, said that nematocysts puncture stab stab nematocysts. Hydra there are two kinds of paper and sticky wrapping barbed barbed nematocysts nematocysts, which are related with the movement prey. Barbed wire injection, the stinging cells shrink gradually supplemented by the inter-cells. Gland cells were mainly located in the base plate and mouth area, the secretion of mucus for attachment, protection and assistance to feeding, the gas can also be secreted to help Hydra from the bottom to the surface. Sensory cells scattered among the muscle cells in the skin, especially around the mouth, tentacles and the base plate more; sensory cells of small, ends with a sensory hair, the base is connected with the nerve fibers. Ectoderm cells, nerve cells located in the base, close to the middle layer part of the processes of nerve cells connected to each other to form a neural network. The main function is to protect the ectoderm, feeling, movement and reproduction and so on. (B) in the thin, transparent layer, the ectoderm cells from the gelatinous material composition, like flexible bones, there are many small fibers, but also out into the skin-muscle cell processes which, from the support of the body. (C) the endoderm by the endothelial muscle cells, gland cells, small sensory cells and between cells, cell arrangement than the ectoderm thickness, endothelial muscle cells long and large, usually in the cells at the top have two flagella, flagella of the swing can be excited water Some skin-muscle cells can reach the top of pseudopodia for prey, the cell to digest, also known as nutritional muscular cells. Gland cells between the muscle cells in the skin, contains many secretory granules, secretion of digestive enzymes to carry out extracellular digestion. Between the cells, sensory cells and the relatively small number of nerve cells. The main function of the endoderm is nutrition.
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Physiological
(A) of the hydra feeding and digestion of food, mostly small crustaceans (water fleas), aquatic oligochaetes and insect larvae. When the perception of food near Hydra tentacles, they immediately barbed wire injection, anesthesia or kill them, and then sent to the entrance of the tentacles, digested food is swallowed recycling cavity, the secretion of digestive gland cells by the extracellular enzyme digestion, after digestion food particles and then out of muscle cells by the endothelial pseudopodia for intracellular digestion. Hydra has no anus mouth, oral discharge residue remains. Hydra is not breathing and excretory organs, gas exchange and excretion of metabolic waste directly from the cell surface. (B) Sports camps sessile polyp, when the environment is unfavorable, you can leave the original point of fixation of drifting, sport-style campaign mode for the measure, or inchworm-like crawl. Tumbling motion can be made, the general trend of light, moderate exercise, oxygen-rich, food-rich areas. (D) Hydra regeneration of a strong regenerative capacity, will cut into sections of any polyp, a short can be regenerated for each part of the loss; and form a new individual. Since Hydra has a strong ability to regenerate, and thus is an ideal experimental animal materials. Coelenterate door Category III First, the Hydra Gang (Hydrozoa) The many different types of classes, most live in the sea, a few live in fresh water. Life history of sessile polyps in free swimming jellyfish-type and type. Hydra-type structure is simple, only a simple digestive cavity loop. Jellyfish-type affinity membrane, the base of tentacles statocyst, gonad formation from the ectoderm, the life cycle of a generational phenomenon. About 3 700 of the Programme, on behalf of animals: Hydra, living in the Pearl River freshwater rods intestinal worm (Cordylophora lacust ris) and sea habitat of the Tau Chi intestinal worm (Obelia geniculat a) and so on. Tau Chi intestinal worm: the distribution in shallow water areas to dendritic groups sessile. Population base there have been many grape-like branches, said the intestinal worm roots; intestinal worm root extension to give up part of an upright, said stem intestinal worm; to grow on both sides of each branch, said the intestinal worm sticks. Intestinal worm sticks the top of the birth or reproductive polyp body. Groups of students around the exoskeleton with a layer of transparent, said Wai sheath, which is secreted into the ectoderm. Were within the sheath around the meat, from the ectoderm, endoderm layer and constitute, in the middle of the cavity, said cavity were meat. Total meat is co-organized groups, and the polyp, reproductive body connected. Polyp with mouth and upper lip hanging around there have been many solid tentacles, oral cavity under the access digestive cycle, and common meat cavity connected. Polyp has a cup around the sheath, said sheath Hydra, any polyp captured by the digested food can be delivered to the chamber through the digestive cycle of the other parts of the population. Hydra fitness for defense, predation, digestion, absorption and excretion function, as a member of Nutrition. Reproductive body without tentacles and mouth, tilting said sub-central stem with a knife, and common meat the same, sub-bottle-shaped stem of the tube outside the sheath, said sheath reproduction. Sub stem cells to generate many jellyfish budding shoots, mature sheath through the opening swim reproductive become medusa. Tau Chi intestinal worm generated from the asexual generation sexual generation of the medusa, medusa produce sperm and eggs, after fertilization develop into clonal groups, a phenomenon known as alternation of generations. Peach Blossom Jellyfish (Craspedacusta soweroyi): gonad red, often occurs in peach blossom season, jellyfish drift in the water, white water clip red, resembles a peach, it said Craspedacusta. Produced in Sichuan, China Jialing River and the lakes along the Yangtze River, due to the Sheng Craspedacusta natural fish spawning period of time when the Yangtze River, to fish great danger.
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Scyphozoa (Scyphozoa)
Also known as jellyfish Programme (true jellyfish Gang). All the marine animals of the Gang, jellyfish-type very well developed sense organs as tentacles capsule, missed film, Hydra does not degenerate into, gonads endodermal origin. The Gang of about 200 species of common ownership: Moon jellyfish (Aurelia aurit a): August, May to July each year in groups of four in north China coastal waters and coastal areas. Oblate umbrella lanes, four ports wrist floating in the water, exactly like the flag, also known as mother of the flag saliva; the same time, showed a translucent white body coils, like the water of the month, it will be the name of moon jellyfish . Get a few more easily understood, often used as experimental material. Jellyfish (Rhopilema esculent um): an umbrella body height and thick, pale blue dome, the layer is very thick, strong swimming ability. The edge of the umbrella without tentacles, 8 notch, tentacles, sense organs within the capsule. Jellyfish larvae with the central port and 4 port wrist, in the growth process of gradually closed the central mouth, the mouth of the wrist and branches grow into eight three-wing-shaped mouth of the wrist, the edge of healing into a number of suction mouth, surrounded by many tentacles, The top of the barbed cells and gland cells, to help catch food. Food from the suction mouth, oral branch of the wrist in a small tube reaches the stomach to digest. Population structure and feeding mode wrist like a plant root absorption of nutrients, so the jellyfish jellyfish known as the root of such saliva mother.
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Coral Programme (Ant hozoa)
All seafood, only the hydra type (single or group), no jellyfish type. Ectoderm to form the mouth of a road subsidence. Hau Road on both sides of the mouth of a Erdaogou cilia, which takes the shape of radial symmetry around. Digestive cavity layer of circular cavity in prominent membrane, the number is 8, 6 or 6 times. Gonad formation of the endoderm. There developed in the connective tissue layer. Most species have a calcareous exoskeleton. Sea anemone (Actiniaria): fixation with the rock between the lake, or burrowing in the sand. Takes the shape of a long cylinder, no bones, muscles, diaphragm and touch means a lot, a total of 6 times, when fully extended finger touch, was chrysanthemum. Carnivorous anemones, bulimia. Some species and other animals, or symbiotic single-cell algae, common coastal animals. With the Programme and various coral exoskeleton. Many different types of coral, staghorn coral common ownership (Madrepora), Zhi Shi (Fungiia) and so on. Their bones can be made valuable addition to crafts, the bones and sediment deposition, can form coral reefs, such as the China Sea, in sand, the Nansha Islands and so on. The profusion of coral, providing habitat for fish, is an ideal breeding marine fisheries conservation zone. Accumulation of coral skeletons, formed in the limestone formation, but also to geology, archeology, and provide material the use of deposits. However, the formation of coral reefs often for navigation harm.
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Coelenterate systems development
Generally believed that the origin coelenterate larvae in a similar wave and floating ancestors. This ancestor could be the key link flagella groups, according to Mei's hypothesis, formed by the cells into primitive germ layers of the two animals, which it has evolved into hydra link, then hydras Programme development along different pathways and coral classes Scyphozoa. Coelenterate Summary Coelenterate radially symmetrical or two for the radiation takes the shape of the two germ layers symmetric multi-cellular animals. No anus and a mouth, digestive loop cavity appears, can do to digest the extracellular and intracellular digestion. There the original muscle tissue, nerve tissue and sensory organs. Have special stinging cells. Secreted by the ectoderm cells are calcareous or horny skeleton. A Hydra-and jellyfish-type. Mode of reproduction without sexual reproduction and sexual reproduction of two, and some type of a generational phenomenon, seafood species have free swimming larvae floating wave. All aquatic, most seafood.
