Storms (magnetic storm) Strong global magnetic field disturbances that storm. Is relative to the so-called strong in terms of geomagnetic disturbance. In fact, the change in surface magnetic field is higher than the value of its quiet small. In low latitudes, the ground geomagnetic field variations rarely more than a few hundred Nat (the value of the ground the quiet geomagnetic field in most regions in the world are more than 30,000 Nath). General geomagnetic storms are required to do systematic observation with specialized equipment can be found. Storms are common. Storms do not occur very few months, when solar activity may occur several times a month. Sometimes a storm occurred 27 days (one solar rotation period), there was the storm occurred. Known as the reproducibility of these storms storms. Reproduce the frequency is generally once or twice.
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Brief History of Research
19th century, Gauss and Weber 30's cf geomagnetic station established at the beginning to the geomagnetic field is often found in small ups and downs. In 1847, geomagnetic continuous photographic records began. September 1, 1859, the British Carrington in the observation of sunspots, the first discovered with the naked eye solar flares. The next day, 700 Chestnut geomagnetic recorded strong magnetic storm. The accidental discovery and coincidence, to raise awareness about solar flares and geomagnetic storms. Also found that when the storm is very active aurora. The latter half of the 19th century study is the accumulation of storm observations. Early 20th century, Norway k. Birkeland from the first International Polar Year (1882 ~ 1883) of polar observations, analysis of the magnetic field disturbances caused by the current of the auroral zone are mainly above the earth, not in the earth's interior. To explain the origin of the current outer space, and its and Aurora, the relationship between solar flares, Birkeland, and the history of Benedict fcm silent flow of solar particles have been proposed hypothesis. To 30 years, research results embodied in the storm check 普曼费拉罗 theory of magnetic storms, they proposed to compress the magnetic field by solar particles hypothesis was later confirmed by observations. After 50 years, the field of space exploration will not only verify the origin of magnetic storms in the solar particles flow hypothesis, and the discovery of the magnetosphere, to know the various parts of the magnetosphere during storm changes. Magnetospheric ring current particles on the existence and behavior of the probe, extension of the concept to become a magnetic storm magnetic storm. Magnetic storms and magnetospheric storms are different names the same phenomenon, highlighting different aspects. Despite the storm's center is in the magnetosphere, but the concept of magnetic storms usually form in the traditional description of the geomagnetic field changes the ground is still represented. This is because people understand is still the most thorough performance of the ground magnetic field.
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Form
During the storm, to the magnetic declination and vertical components are significant ups and downs, but most characteristic is the horizontal component of h. More storms to the horizontal component of the process of change is represented. Most of the storm began, most of the world according to the magnetic geomagnetic map shows the horizontal component of a sharp rise. Stations in low latitudes, the increase in the rate of about 10 to 20 Nat. This is called a storm sudden commencement, denoted ssc or sc. Sudden commencement geomagnetic storms is a clear sign of recognition. A sudden commencement of geomagnetic storm sudden commencement type of storm is called. High-latitude stations sudden commencement occurs at the moment ahead of the lower latitude stations, the time difference not more than 1 minute. Storm began to worry about, the development of fast, slow recovery, generally two or three days continued to gradually restore calm. Geomagnetic storms, the magnetic photographs showed obvious fluctuation, which is a sign of storm identification. The same latitude and longitude of the magnetic storms in different photographs on the performance very different. To see the process of magnetic storms, usually located in the world need a number of different longitude, the low-latitude magnetic stations averaging photographs. After a mean storm after the storm when the process is called (before the starting time to the fast) change, denoted by dst. The same storm, the station photographs of the horizontal component of the magnetic h and the difference between the average shape dst, with stations in different places in which to show the distribution of the system. This change in composition changes as local time, denoted by ds. ds reflects the phenomenon of global storm the spatial characteristics of non-axial symmetry, rather than storm the process description. It shows that the source of magnetic storms in the global distribution of non-axial symmetry. Magnetic photographs reflect the superposition of all types of disturbances, but also the basis of judgments and of storm, so the actual work, tend to have all of these local disturbances as an ingredient, including the magnetic storms. However, the concept of the establishment of magnetic storms, should pay attention to the concept of independence and exclusivity. It refers to the storm, after exclusion of local interference global disturbances.
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Causes
During storms, the magnetosphere is the most characteristic phenomenon of increased magnetospheric ring current particles. Magnetosphere, the magnetic equator under the surface within 4 Earth radii from the center of the earth from 2 to 10 Earth radii in the region, the distribution of tens to hundreds of thousands of energy of the proton electron volts. These protons called the ring current particles, geomagnetic field in western movement in the West to shift to the ring current, or magnetic ring current strength of about 106 security. Magnetospheric ring current in the magnetosphere also exist when calm. The storm main phase, the plasma sheet from a large number of low-energy protons into the ring current, the ring current amplitude increased significantly. Enhance the ring current in the ground component of the magnetic effect is a decline in h. Each injection of a proton, it causes a decline in h is called a substorm, magnetic storm main phase is a continuous series of substorm occurrence results. The magnitude of the storm main phase ring current particles and is proportional to the total energy. Nat storms range of 100, the ring current particles up to 4 × 1015 joules of energy. This is a typical magnetic storm around, the magnetosphere obtained from the solar wind and the total energy dissipation. The radius of 3 Earth radii of the spherical basic magnetic field outside the Earth's total energy is only 3 × 1016 joules. Visible, magnetic disturbances during severe storms. Magnetospheric substorm westward drift of particles injected into and around the earth movements during the main phase of the current time to drift into a closed loop, so when the ring current is always non-axial symmetry, the side more strong in the evening. In addition to the main phase ring current, but during the main phase of the substorm current system also corresponds with Birkeland. Birkeland current system is clearly non-axisymmetric. It will also have the low-latitude magnetic effect, but the distance, effect is much weaker than the auroral zone. It and the main phase ring current asymmetry of part of the geomagnetic effect is ds games together. Because magnetic wave scattering of particles and particle charge exchange reaction, the ring current particles will continue to disappear. After the substorm activity stopped when there is no longer supply the ring current particles, the ring current intensity started to diminish, to enter storm recovery phase. All of these space current, magnetic field, while on the ground, but also in the crust and mantle conductive induced current, but due to the magnetic field induced current changes, the size of the space current is only caused by changes in the geomagnetic field half.
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Research Significance
Magnetic storms observed around the station has become a routine business. Space physics observations in all projects, the ground magnetic field observations the most simple and feasible, but also easy to carry out continuous and sustained, observation points can cover the global land surface. Therefore, ground-based observations of geomagnetic storms is the most basic understanding of the magnetosphere, the most effective means. Sun-Earth space in the study of other phenomena, they often have to refer to activities on behalf of the magnetic storm conditions index for data classification and correlation. Magnetic storms caused by ionospheric storm, which interfere with short-wave radio communication; storms may interfere with electrical, magnetic equipment operation work; storms may also interfere with a variety of magnetic measurements. Therefore, certain industrial and utility sectors also hope that the storm forecasts and observations. In addition to these services, storm research purposes, there is significance of its own subjects. Magnetic storms and other space phenomena relations, especially storms and solar wind conditions the relationship between magnetic storms and magnetospheric substorm and magnetic storm induced conditions, the supply of energy to storm into the magnetosphere from the solar wind and so on, is still magnetic the physical layer most active issue. Storm as an environmental factor, and the relationship between ecology have begun to attract attention and interest.
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Issues affecting the lives of city storm
Each live at home in a big city, and its electromagnetic environment there are big problems. One reinforced concrete box destroyed the natural field, and household appliances has generated a lot different from the natural environment of the electromagnetic field. May regret that any of a big city such an ordinary question, there is radio communication, daily life, office and appliances used in the resulting electromagnetic radiation, but can not be avoided. When electromagnetic radiation of which the most number of microwave ovens, freon-free refrigerators, range hoods, electric ovens and televisions. Electromagnetic fields on the negative impact of population health is a fairly realistic in today's society problem, not only experts and scientists to actively explore the world of the media attention too. Especially now, virtually all major cities outside the city and a large part of the regional mobile communications systems are covered by electromagnetic radiation, the problem becomes more acute.
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The impact of electromagnetic fields on cells
In order to clarify this situation will tell us how much the health risk, it is essential that one cell of the communication language - electromagnetic waves. It is in the help of electromagnetic waves, the cell is possible to transmit information to each other, including some of the important instructions must obey. After receiving this instruction, the cell immediately to re-adjust their own work, but it is not always able to distinguish whether a reasonable instructions received by, all that is only like a soldier to do so. However, if it received the command is mutually exclusive, contradictory it ... ... If we place the work of the long-term use of several pieces at the same time can generate magnetic fields of electrical appliances, our cells would be the reaction, because such an environment will have a great strength of the magnetic storm. Magnetic storms in the end people are at some of what the response will be many of us have not a secret: mutations in blood pressure, headaches, cardiovascular disorders, and so on. But this is still only superficial, because the more serious, even irreversible process takes place within cells. To do with the mouse experiments show that under the influence of the electromagnetic field, move the animal became aggressive. Mice will be angry for no apparent reason, desperately running around in a cage a long time are not restored to normal. The World Health Organization experts have concluded that a surface looks healthy child sudden death syndrome, AIDS, chronic fatigue and listlessness are all the result of electromagnetic fields on human health. Especially the children most sensitive to the adverse effects of electromagnetic fields.
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Electromagnetic field with the longevity of the relationship between
Some ask: Is that the same electromagnetic field the relationship between the life of modern man? In this regard, Deputy Russian Medical Doctor, Department of Histology Dmitry A good assistant Junction have their own opinion. He believed that electromagnetic fields on any of our body cells to exert influence in the life course. This means that also affected organs such as the cell's genetic, protein synthesis, energy transfer and utilization, and other cell membrane play a key role with the aging system. Furthermore, due to human activity and the formation of the electromagnetic radiation during the life of the cell and its "feel" for gross interference, especially in recent years, such interference is increasing. For example, nearly 50 years, electric field strength is several times than in the past, or even hundreds of times to grow, which human cells can not be said to be the biggest disaster. The result is the function of damaged cells, muscle cells and organs in the sharp drop between them is no longer "know", which will lead to reunification of the whole body can no longer functioning properly. The important thing is that any field of human life has played a destructive system to organize the frequency and amplitude of the channels to accelerate human aging. Even one can escape the impact of electromagnetic fields, but also does not help. Because human cells can "remember" the impact of electromagnetic fields, biological effects of the latter and "used to" accumulate, they often lead to degradation of the nervous system, but also lead to leukemia, hormonal disorders, may also trigger cancer. 1996-2000 World Health Organization's "Electromagnetic fields and human health," said the international scientific planning, such as cancer, behavioral changes, memory loss, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, AIDS, and including the rising suicide rate among many other phenomena are magnetic fields affect results. A good Junction also believe that the human body on a number of nervous system, immune system, endocrine system and reproductive system cells most sensitive to the magnetic field. The role of the electromagnetic field, the nervous system cells in the transmission of information between the system failure, paralysis of the entire work of the brain, leading to behavioral variation, loss of memory and the events surrounding the judge can not be correct. Electromagnetic field for a minute or one hour due to the role of the nervous system can extend the process for weeks and months. The study found that where the long-term exposure to electromagnetic fields, even a little strength, love to get nervous.
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Life is movement
Electromagnetic fields most likely on the nervous system, immune system, endocrine system and reproductive system have an impact. Changes in the immune system will produce allergic reactions and reduce the body's resistance to infectious. In addition, in recent years also found that electromagnetic fields are carcinogenic. Endocrine system to electromagnetic fields, will reduce the body's ability to adapt to the external environment. Seen in this light, electromagnetic fields promote cell senescence is undoubtedly an important factor. Since the electromagnetic fields can not be avoided, it can not be even slightly reduced? The first is as little as possible in the next generation of electrical fields of work, or placed in these appliances where little further away. Second is to strengthen the movement, efforts to activate the body's cells, maintain their vitality. In other words, to maximize their viruses, bacteria and radiation resistance.
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Overview
Storms (Magnetic storm) Storms are common. Storms do not occur very few months, when solar activity may occur several times a month. Sometimes a storm occurred 27 days (one solar rotation period), there was the storm occurred. Known as the reproducibility of these storms storms. Reproduce the frequency is generally once or twice.