First, the economic value of guinea fowl Guinea fowl, as a special poultry meat has high economic value: ① guinea fowl meat is tender, nutritious and delicious. Compared with ordinary broilers, protein and amino acid content, low in fat and cholesterol, is a kind of special game bird. ② slaughter rate, many edible parts. Guinea fowl bones thin, small head and neck, chest muscle and leg muscle development, body approximate oval. Guinea fowl live weight 1700 g, 1544 g carcass weight, accounting for 91% of live weight, semi-eviscerated 1415 g, accounting for 83% of live weight, dressing percentage and it shows that the meat rates are higher. ③ the production performance of guinea fowl are high. Hens from 28 weeks to open production, an egg laying period may be about 160, providing about 110 chickens, egg production per chicken feed consumption throughout the 40 ~ 44 kg. The best meat, fowl slaughter of goods for 12 to 13 weeks of age, live weight up to 1300 to 1500 grams of meat ratio was 1:2.7 ~ 2.9. ④ guinea fowl adaptability, disease resistance and the equipment and premises seeking a simple, crude feed resistant, easy to raise, so little investment in the guinea fowl breeding industry, turnover is quick, effective. In addition, the guinea fowl body size is moderate, not like the turkey was necessary to split a large sale, but also not as small as quail. Not only for ordinary family meal consumption is high on the meat feast. Second, the guinea fowl varieties Third, the morphological characteristics of guinea fowl Look like a female guinea fowl, a small head, facial TANSEI purple, strong and sharp beak, the beak tip yellow, red rear, left and right in the bottom of each post beak a heart-shaped wattle. No hair around the eyes, with white markings around the neck straight until the Department. Slender neck, wrap around violet blue needle-like feathers. Feet short, hour foot red, grayish black adults. Walking quickly. Guinea fowl plumage gray, and white spots round the rules, shaped like a pearl, it is "Guinea fowl" reputation. Guinea fowl round short body, no comb, top of the head without hair, and a horny protuberances, known helmets, tail feathers, down slightly harder. Fourth, the living habits of guinea fowl 1. Adaptability Hi adult guinea fowls fed wet dry, high temperature, cold resistance, disease resistance ability. At -20 ~ 40 ℃ was still living. However, after the young hatched guinea fowl if the temperature is lower, then the easy cold, diarrhea or death. 2. Surviving wild, timid and easily frightened Guinea fowl retains the characteristics of wild birds, hi climb habitat in the evening also saw its activities. Greater activity, especially chickens, often around Luanzuan caused death. Feeding this habit should be given adequate attention. Guinea fowl gentle, timid, alertness, abnormal or a static environment, can cause the entire group of panic, a harsh cry of a hen and chickens will be a chain reaction, call after another. If the red into the yellow drinking drinking and chickens will not close a long time drinking. 3. Gregarious and homing of Guinea fowl are usually 30 to 50 who live together, not separate discrete, artificial domestication, still hi group activities, case of shock escape and hide after the crowds have therefore suitable for large group of guinea fowl rearing, In addition, the guinea fowl with strong homing of the evening homing, often the back of their house, occasionally separated groups can go to their nests. 4. Good to fly, love to climb, good activity Guinea fowl wings developed a strong, one day there is a certain leap in capability. Day, almost nap move. At rest or at night love to climb high habitat. 5. Hi sand bath, love tweet Free-range guinea fowl in the land surface, often scratched on the ground one by one pit, in order to provide their own sand bath conditions. Sand bath, sand will be spread evenly between the feathers and skin. Guinea fowl harsh rhythmic and coherent song, is indeed a feature of this song the rest of human interference is large, but there are several effects, one night, this song strongly influence the role of a sudden, the alarm, Second, once the reduction of this song, or sound intensity when weakened, may be a harbinger of disease. 6. Spouse of Guinea fowl of the opposite sex _select_ive, which is caused when the fertilized chicken is low in natural mating, one of the reasons. Easily frightened, of course, is the main reason for low fertilization large guinea fowl. But the use of artificial insemination can fundamentally solve the problem of low fertility rate. 7. Diet wide crude feed resistance General cereals, bran gluten, cake, fish bone meal etc. can be used with food. Another special hi grazing, vegetables, leaves, fruits and other green plants. Fifth, guinea fowl breeding (A) of the breeding season Guinea fowl of sexual maturity is generally 28 to 30 weeks of age, laying mostly in 4 to 9 months, egg production peak in June. Captive male and female ratio of 1:4 to 5 is appropriate, but still retains the guinea fowl on the choice of matching male and female characteristics and egg fertilization rate with season, temperature, so the natural mating lower fertilization rate (30% .) In order to improve guinea fowl's breeding value, mate choice and overcome the limitations caused by seasonal, artificial insemination in the breeding season, artificial insemination rate of 87% to 88%. (B) of the artificial insemination 1. Insemination preparation before In order to meet the needs of artificial insemination, when the chicken rearing to 25 weeks of age should be transferred to the kinds of sheds laying cages in captivity. Group to be transferred under low light at night, catching chickens should be caught when the feet, do not grasp the wings, to prevent broken wings. The chicken has been used in the breeding ground of the backyard, just go to the cage will be very suited to continuously hit the cage, especially to see people or other abnormal movement, is more serious. In order to ease the stress response,'d better let it ad libitum, feed more fowl love eating green feed, To spread the stimulation of chicken cages installed. Can also be added in the feed vitamins to relieve stress. Chicken cage equipment should be healthy, strong, non-disabled, male and female ratio is slightly larger than the natural mating (1:6). Public hen cages installed after a few days, until the basic living environment to adapt to captivity, they should immediately begin training in artificial insemination of hens the public tuning work, its content is the kind of cock's semen on the kinds of training and turn the hen anal training. Initially, specialized staff should be more into the chicken coop every day, as much as possible contact, touching the chicken, the chicken used to people close to the chicken when you can proceed to the training and let it become familiar with these actions, you can officially start mining refined and turned anal training. The training process to the person responsible for action light steady, rapid and accurate, not impatient, rude. Training should avoid laying the morning time. 2. Insemination method (1) the principal instruments are _set_ fine cups, test tubes, microscopes, slides, cover slips, Insemination dropper, diluted alcohol, and equipment cleaning, disinfecting and drying equipment. (2) semen by massage, take 2 to 3 people with the completion of, a person may sit on a bench, after the cock head-chest pressure in the leg fixed, abdomen and legs hanging outside the virtual cloaca; also be chicken chest directly on the bench, under the second leg down in the stool fixed; sometimes the chicken can also be caught in the left elbow and left the body fixed waist. But anyway the force should be moderate. Another person with the right hand, after the cock back to the tail along the direction of rhythmic massage several times and then left thumb and the other four fingers point across in the cloaca (anus) sides of fast massage jitter, so the cause impulse, erect and pulls out a mating device ejaculation, the right hand quickly collect semen with a _set_ of precision devices, with his left hand while squeezing the sides of the cloaca, and promote their ejaculation. (4) Note the general weekly semen cock 2 or 5 days semen 1, hen Insemination 1 every 5 days. Insemination volume of each hen 0.013 0.015 ml of pure semen. Hours after egg-laying hens should be laying the next day a few hours before insemination or insemination. (C) of the artificial incubation Requirements of fresh eggs, save a period not exceeding 10 days, the egg weight of 45 to 50 grams, egg-shaped, but round, long, or deformity. Guinea fowl eggs hatching period is 26 to 28 days, 0 to 23 days in the incubator, the subsequent time in hatching machines. Other ordinary chicken hatchery technology and the same hatching, but some of incubation temperature should be high: incubator temperature 38.8 ℃, Hatcher temperature 37.6 ℃, 55% humidity incubator, hatching machines and humidity was 70%. Six guinea fowl rearing management technology Guinea fowl and feeding their different purposes, can be divided into breeder and broiler. Breeders can be divided into brooding, rearing and egg production in three stages; commercial broiler brooding and growth can be divided into two stages. In order to keep a good guinea fowl, must master the various stages of feeding and management principles, requirements and standards. (A) Brood feeding and management Brood of 0 to 21 days, the chicken body temperature regulation, digestion, ability is not perfect, and disease resistance of the external environment is poor, sick and die easily, so be careful feeding, careful management. 1. Brood care Homes to raise the same brood size, variety of chicken, male and female child columns should be kept, homes can be divided into farming conditions. Brood care and good sealing performance requirements in order to facilitate sheds heat. Brood care may be paved with concrete floor, to drainage, is conducive to coop cleaning, washing and disinfection. Hen house door should be _set_ up disinfection pool, into the homes before the shoes to be disinfected before entering. 2. Farming equipment 3. Brood density Feeding the growth of the area should increase with the chicks. 1 week keeping 50 per square meter to 60 only, 2 weeks old, keeping 30 per square meter 40, to 3 weeks of age can only keep 20 per square meter to 30 only. 4. Brooding temperature Brood 3 weeks, the temperature inside the poultry house suitable or not, is the key to the success of brooding work, neither too high nor too low. Newly hatched chicks to live in the 35 ~ 38 ℃ under the umbrella of the insulation, after a week down about 3 ℃. Hen house temperature by the performance of chickens can be observed: too cold, chickens get together; too hot, the chicken mouth breathing; suitable temperature and lively spirit, performance and comfortable. In the brood process, should adjust their flocks. Make little frail, standing firm in small separate groups, giving special attention from the recent heat, density, smaller, feed water sufficient to add vitamins, to promote the return to health. 5. Brood humidity Brooding room temperature high, often leads to low humidity, air drying, the loss of chicks too much water affect health, causing severe dehydration. When the brood homes humidity is low, sprinkle in the ground water. Brood chamber to maintain 60% to 65% relative humidity in the room dry and wet bulb thermometer hanging. Strict requirements on the humidity of the late brood, to maintain normal humidity. 6. Brood ventilation Natural ventilation can be simply, generally doors, windows, roof, hood ventilation sufficient to meet the demand for chicken. 7. Brooding light Chickens need a certain illumination time and light intensity. In closed sheds, 1 to 2 day old chicks to be light 23 hours, 3 to 7 days to be 20 hours, 2 weeks of age to be 16 hours, 3 weeks of age to be 12 hours of child, mother child 14 hours. Light intensity: 0 to 10 days to 3 watts per square meter, 11 to 21 days to 2 watts per square meter, pay attention to all homes uniform illumination. 8. Brood feed Hatched chick weight is small, less material consumption, rapid weight gain, thus requiring a good feed quality, nutrition, high level of compliance with health standards. Refer to the feed formula, such as: corn 50%, 3% wheat flour, wheat bran 2%, soybean meal 31%, 12% fish meal, bone meal 1.1%, 0.4% salt, trace elements, vitamins, amino acids, somatotropin, antibiotics drugs and other additives 0.5%. 9. Fed with water 24 hours after the chicks hatched open food, can let the drinking water of 5% glucose, 2 to 3 hours to dry and then soaked the broken rice fed or corn flour, 1 to 2 days after feeding with the material. 1 week old feeding every day and night 6 to 8 times, 5 to 6 times 2 weeks, 3 weeks of age 4 to 5 times. On free after eating a good quality of drinking water, water temperature 20 ~ 25 ℃ of water. Brood type used for long trough, the number and length of the tank, according to the number of breeding may be, in principle, to ensure that every bird has a trough 2.5 cm in length, 0.6 cm tank. 10. Observation of chickens During breeding, into the sheds should always observe the spirit of chickens, food, feces and other conditions, should be timely identification of abnormal causes, confirm the disease, timely isolation and treatment or eliminated, as the case may be targeted on the dosing in chickens prevention. 11. Chicks with broken wings To prevent beak addiction and reduce flight capacity, within the beak trimming at 10 days and cut out the last one left or right side of the wing joint. (B) the incubation period of feeding and management Guinea fowl bred incubation period is divided into early and late bred, the former was 22 ~ 56 days old, which is 57 days to 25 weeks of age. 1. Bred chicken coop In four seasons with large temperature difference, Yucheng Ji closed sheds, chicken coops for the concrete floor, should be to facilitate cleaning and disinfection. Sheds with natural ventilation should be bred and mechanical ventilation. All parts should be light shades, the entrance should have barbed wire. Yucheng Ji can be ground free-range, grass pave the ground in cold weather, hot days when the shop to sand, may also have full-floor network, 2 / 3 of the floor mesh or 1 / 2 floor net support, paving the way the rest of the grass surface. Ground free-range, the sheds in the farm have a high perch for chicken habitat. 2. Yucheng Ji density Pre-incubation 15 to 20 per square meter, the late bred 6 to 15 per square meter. Yucheng Ji sheds early feeding may take up 1 / 3 of the ground, after growing up with the chickens, and then gradually increase the area until it occupies the entire building chicken coops. The stocking density is Sherwin 20 ~ 25 ℃, relative humidity 65% ~ 70% of the standard. Usually discounted in accordance with the temperature and humidity level, the appropriate reduction, increased stocking density. 3. Yucheng Ji light Should be kept separate from the public breeding hens, to give a different light. Light pre-incubation to maintain 8 to 9 hours, gradually increase the light late incubation to 14 hours. Light intensity was 0.5 to 1.0 watts per square meter illumination, bred roosters than hens early post-illumination time increased, because the guinea fowl hen rooster than the late maturing over one month in advance to increase light can accelerate the sexual maturity of the cock. 4. Bred to feed the field of the specific feed, according to sources and price level, pricing is reasonable, nutritious feed formula. Table 1 shows the feed formula guinea fowl rearing, for reference. 1 guinea fowl rearing feed formulation (%) Feed ingredients 4 to 8 weeks of age from 8 to 12 weeks of age 12 to 25 weeks of age Corn 555,452 Flour 688 Bran 4614 Meal 2 4 6 Soybean meal 221 812 Fish 864 Bone meal 1.6 1.5 1.5 Shell meal 0.5 1.5 1.5 Salt 0.4 0.5 0.5 Additives 0.5 0.5 0.5 Note: additives, including trace elements, vitamins, amino acids, somatotropin, antibiotic drugs. Daily feed 2 to 4 times, adequate drinking water. Another amount of green feed can be fed. 5. Rearing feeding restrictions Restricted feeding is based on quantitative chicken fed different age, so that the standard weight of chicken, we can not feed too much, so too fat, precocious, premature, premature aging; can not be fed too little, so not up to standard weight, mature late, late opening production, affecting egg production. Can refer to the rearing of feed each week with the standard weight limit (Table 2), at any time of the week according to differences in body weight and standard weight, the amount of change in feeding and feeding methods. When the weight exceeds the standard weight, the discretion to reduce or not increase the amount of feed, when overweight is higher, may apply every other day feeding. However, random sampling tests every 2 weeks to 5% of the guinea fowl flocks weight (called fasting body weight), and with the standard weight control. In addition, the staff every day when entering sheds keep quiet, carefully observed the spirit of guinea fowl, food, feces and so any abnormal situation. Clean water every day, manger, clean the waste and replacement hires litter, and strive to maintain good health hires, which is essential for the prevention of disease in chickens. Susceptibility of the guinea fowl rearing bowel disease, coccidiosis, candidiasis, trichomoniasis, etc., should be prescribed preventive medication. Yucheng Ji into laying hen house should be weak at night under lights. Table 2 guinea fowl rearing fed with a standard weight limit Weeks standard weight (g) the average daily feed consumption (g / mouse) cumulative feed consumption (g / mouse) 430,028,196 540,035,441 650,043,742 7600501092 8700551477 9800601897 10850642345 11920682817 121000703311 131050723815 141130724319 151200724823 161250745341 171330745859 181400766391 191450766919 201500787469 211560808029 221620808589 231680827686 241740829737 2517908510332 2618309010962 (C) of the laying period of the feeding and management Guinea fowl in the 26 to 66 weeks of age for the laying period, egg production rate of 31 to 32 weeks of age up to 50%, 35 weeks to reach peak egg production, types of cock qualified in the 32 weeks to produce sperm. Into the egg in about 25 weeks old house keeping. Production practice shows that pearl take captive breeders and artificial insemination is essential for improving the egg fertilization rate which make full use of species of cock breeding value, lower feed costs and reduce the stress catch the chicken and its egg production of all have an important role. Breeders to separate male and female pearl farming. General cage can be 8 to 10 per square meter is appropriate. Pearl kinds of cages for chickens than the average size of the species should be large cages, usually 2 or 3 layers with the whole ladder cage, 2 chickens per cage. Temperature change on the species of chicken with Mother Pearl guinea fowl laying rate and sperm quality of the public have a greater impact, seed beads sheds temperature to 20 ℃, the most suitable for the needs of reproductive performance of breeders, and egg laying rate in order to improve quality, cold weather to enhance insulation, hot days when the temperature control to homes in the 15 ~ 28 ℃, relative humidity of 50% to 60%. Coop should have natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation, also sheds light fittings should be to ensure the laying of 14 to 16 hours a day, light, light intensity should be kept 2 to 3 watts per square meter. To ensure the nutritional needs of the chicken egg laying should be changed to feed feed materials currently commercially available products can also be prepared according to the sources of raw materials, the proportion of reference formula such as: corn 52%, 8% wheat flour, wheat bran 10 %, 6% of meal, soybean meal type 14%, 5% fish meal, bone meal 2.5%, 1.5% shell powder, salt 0.5%, trace elements, vitamins, amino acids, somatotropin, 0.5% antibiotics and other additives. Laying particular attention to the added manganese, niacin, vitamin E and so on. Supplementary feeding should also increase the calcium feed and green feed. Possession of 10 cm per bird to ensure a long-shaped trough, and trough with water, let the chicken free access to water. The fowl of the fungi, mold particularly sensitive, so be sure to pay attention to water sanitation, drinking water should be frequently changes, sink to wash regularly, weekly brush can be used disinfectant potassium permanganate tank 1. Needs to be stressed in the above mentioned feed, light, temperature, health and other environmental conditions, guinea fowl have a great impact on egg production. We should be strictly in accordance with the above requirements, efforts to create a good environment conditions conducive to the performance of the best egg beads to play, and increase economic efficiency. Note that in the chicken laying feed restrictions are still feeding, if the open feeding, then easily lead to too fat, greatly affect the egg production rate and fertility rate. Egg production rate of 10% in general may be increased when the amount of feed, egg production peak, you can gradually control the feed. Guinea fowl egg-laying period in the average feed about 115 grams (105 to 120 grams). Should insist on random sampling tests every 2 weeks to 5% of flocks of chickens weighing an average weight and standard weight control and take appropriate feeding measures. (D) commodity feeding and management of guinea fowl meat Pearl farming broiler chickens even easier than the regular feeding, a smaller, simple equipment, high economic efficiency. Under normal feeding conditions, the child can be raised meat to 13 weeks of age to 12, with an average weight of 1,500 grams to sell. Meat, fowl brood types of beads as described in the previous brood of chickens the same high temperature brood, feed and water free. Light 0 ~ 3 weeks to 3 watts per square meter, 4 to 12 weeks of 0.5 watts per square meter; stocking density from 0 to 3 weeks of age 40 per square meter, 4 to 12 weeks of age 10 per square meter 6, when discounted to backyard with bedding and perch. To make the feeding of meat fowl feed costs can be the lowest maximum meat production, refer to "meat fowl weight gain and feed consumption" (Table 4-3). Weeks body weight (grams) daily gain (g) Cumulative feed consumption (g) feed conversion rate 1 80 7.3 80 1.08:1 2 140 8.6 190 1.40:1 324,014,390 1.65:1 435,016,650 1.85:1 549,020,950 1.93:1 6630201310 2.08:1 7760191680 2.21:1 8890192090 2.35:1 91025192530 2.46:1 101165192980 2.57:1 111300203460 2.66:1 121430203940 2.75:1 131525144430 2.90:1 141605114930 3.07:1 151675105460 3.26:1 Guinea fowl's skin was gray, if the feed by adding the right amount of natural pigments (yellow corn, corn gluten, alfalfa meal, red pepper, etc.) or lipid A Park carotene, canthaxanthin and other artificial colors, make the skin appear orange yellow, but by the consumers. VII, disease prevention and control Guinea fowl is a bird with other birds compared to the strong resistance to disease, morbidity and mortality is relatively lower. But with the rapid development of poultry industry, feeding the growing size and number, followed by many diseases and become more complex diversity. Some diseases in particular is currently no effective treatments. Therefore, disease prevention and control guinea fowl should adhere to the "prevention, support anti-important as" the only way to ensure the guinea fowl production to achieve a "low risk, high efficiency." Pearl farms for the purposes, measures to prevent the disease in three main aspects to consider: First, how to prevent pathogens into the farm. The second is how to destroy pathogens in the existing farm. The third is how to improve the body ability to fight diseases of chicken. (A) Comprehensive health and disease prevention measures For healthy growth of chickens, to reduce and prevent disease, chickens must be an integrated health and epidemic prevention measures. 1. Strengthen management, improve environmental health Sheds to maintain a reasonable stocking density, the appropriate temperature and humidity, to avoid harmful stress stimuli, to ensure adequate and quality feed and water, all kinds of appliances should be kept poultry health, clean water every day, manger, every day cleaning the floor, periodically clear the stool, the timely replacement of dirty wet bedding, the best bred and self-support the implementation, from the introduction of chicks or eggs outside the field, should be aware of origin of the outbreak. When the staff into the hen house locker, shoes and hands, the sheds were fixed appliances should be used. On a regular basis to kill rodents and mosquitoes. 2. Strictly adhere to the disinfecting and quarantine and vaccination In the chicken, chicken coop door should be _set_ up disinfection pool (disinfectant should be changed regularly), and out of vehicles would be required to engage in sterilization conditions can be _set_ up at the door staff locker room, UV disinfection chamber. Should be frequently or periodically sheds, cages and its environment to carry out preventive disinfection. Regular dosage get rid of the chicken in vivo and parasites. Epidemic in the region should be based on conditions and specific conditions of the field of immunization programs, vaccination schedule. 3. Early detection of disease, timely measures Observe the daily chicken coop should be in-depth diet, spiritual, whether abnormal feces, with obvious abnormalities or symptoms should be promptly isolated from chickens, observation and treatment, dead chickens should fish out for further examination. Once the outbreak of an infectious disease, shall immediately proceed to strict blockade, isolation and emergency disinfection, suspended or transferred to bring up the chicken, until by veterinary requirements, the disease has been completely extinguished, and after a thorough disinfection of ward before being discharged blockade. Dead chickens and their products to patients under the guidance of the veterinary harmless processing, are not allowed to use must be resolutely discarded (burned and buried.) (B) of the guinea fowl of the immunization program Immunization programs in developing, in conjunction with the actual situation, worked out in the field of immunization programs in the region, should not be applied mechanically. Table 4 describes the guinea fowl's immunization program, for reference. Table 4-4 guinea fowl of the immunization program No. guinea fowl vaccine immunization program name day dosage 1 12 intranasal vaccine or Newcastle Disease, Department of Drinking Water 218 bursal disease or water bursal disease attenuated intranasal 328 bursal disease or water bursal disease attenuated intranasal 4 40 Newcastle disease vaccine subcutaneous injection of oil 570 fowl cholera vaccine subcutaneous injection of oil 6120 Newcastle disease vaccine subcutaneous injection of oil Use 5,6 for the Breeder (C) prevention and treatment of common diseases 1. Newcastle Is caused by a virus, an acute septic infection. Benbingfasheng regardless of age and season. Virulent type of acute on_set_, high mortality of young chickens of toxic hazards large and attenuated type can not die. Symptoms: sudden on_set_ of regular chickens, feathers loose chaos, shrink from the head and neck, wings drooping tail, gills and flesh was black and blue or purple cone, mouth breathing or difficulty breathing, often issued by special "grunt" sound, full of crop smelly liquid material, poured out of the mouth mentioned from time to time, there diarrhea, yellow-green or gray discharge Xifen odor, and some chickens neurological symptoms: paralysis, such as legs, wings, walking or standing firm, head and neck backwards or twisted to one side , and finally paralysis death. Necropsy shows glandular stomach, small intestine mucosa and serosal bleeding. 2. Infectious bursal disease Bursa bursa, also known as, a bird-specific immune organ, located above the cloaca. The disease is caused by a virus a chicken bursa damage to specific diseases. Direct mortality of the disease is not high, but bursal damage, immune function, infectious diseases such as Newcastle disease and severe secondary, resulting in great losses. Symptoms: The disease is no significant seasonal incidence, 3 to 5 weeks old susceptible chickens. Chickens depression, drinking water increased greatly reduced appetite, disheveled feathers, eyes closed, sleeping, volleyball Xifen white water, stained feathers around the anus stool, swaying gait, trembling, weakness and death, dead chickens performance of weight loss, growth slow. Necropsy shows a high degree of swelling of the bursa of the early, post-shrink capsule mucosal edema, hemorrhage, cream-like sticky secretions. The junction of proventriculus and muscular stomach bleeding mucosa. Prevention: a fundamental measure to prevent the disease is to strengthen the feeding and management, according to immunization procedures require timely immunization. In 18 days and 28 days old were inoculated with 1 application of attenuated IBD, chicken 18 to 20 weeks in the bursa injection oil seepage 1. The disease occurs when the bursa may try to avoid high or high serum-free egg yolk antibody injection can also be applied, "management capsule scattered" and other traditional Chinese medicine preparations. While enhancing the care of chickens, adding a variety of vitamins. 3. Fowl typhoid Salmonella typhi from the chicken caused by an acute septic infection. More than 12 weeks a high incidence of young chickens, the mortality rate of 5% to 50%, carrier of the kind of hen is the main source of infection can be transmitted to chicks through eggs. Symptoms: chickens performance apathetic, outliers alone, do not eat, thirst, fever, breathing short and fast Xifen row yellow-green, dark purple or pale wattle was, when the high mortality rate of acute and chronic deaths more small but recovered to become carriers. Necropsy, the acute disease was not obvious, visible when the course longer or chronic liver and spleen, kidney congestion swelling, liver greenish brown or bronze, white lesions. Gallbladder, pericardium, and small bowel inflammation. Prevention: to prevent the disease started mainly from the breeder, to eliminate the contaminated chicken, purification species flocks. Usually to strengthen the sanitation and disinfection of the feeding chain, such as incubator care, incubation equipment and utensils, clothes and footwear workers, fingers and so on. Moreover, you should keep rodent and fly disinfestation, to prevent dogs and cats into the hen house, drinking water, feed management, to prevent contamination. Furazolidone treatment available spices, or 0.02% 0.04% drinking water, use 5 to 7 days, they need to continue medication can be an interval of 2 to 3 days; chloramphenicol 0.05% ~ 0.2% spices or drinking water, use 3 to 5 days; penicillin or streptomycin 0.1% and 0.2% water, use 3 to 5 days; Oxytetracycline 0.5% spices for 5 days. 4. Pullorum Salmonella is caused by the acute or chronic diseases. The disease occurs mainly in chickens within 3 weeks of age, and the high morbidity and mortality in adult chickens can also be infected, but mostly chronic or hidden. Often due to poor sanitation and feeding, high density, cold heat, moisture, feed poor, etc., to promote the outbreak of the disease. Transmission link is: hen chicks → → → hen eggs. Symptoms: cold chickens gather performance heap, eyes closed, sleeping, shortness of breath, and issued discharge white pasty Xifen cry of pain, feathers around the anus is Xifen bond, plug the anus. Chickens died less than 3 weeks of age, mainly weight loss adult chicken, egg drop. Necropsy the liver of yellow, heart, liver, lung, stomach or large intestine muscular gray nodule necrosis. Prevention: chicken farms should be regularly diarrhea disease quarantine. On the detection of positive chickens should be treated in isolation, but the breeder must be eliminated. Other elements may refer to "fowl typhoid." Pullorum more drug treatment, the choice should pay attention to the problem of drug resistance of bacteria, the best do first sensitivity test, _select_ an effective drug. Commonly used are: 0.02% ~ 0.04% furazolidone spices, and even feed 5 to 7 days, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline or tetracycline at 0.2% spices, 0.1% and 0.2% gentamicin drinking water, use 3 5 days, norfloxacin per kg of feed supplemented with 0.05 to 0.1 grams, use 3 to 5 days. You can also use streptomycin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, the enemy net and other bacteria. 5. Marek's disease Is caused by a virus, a highly contagious neoplastic disease. The disease had no significant seasonal, age the higher the smaller the susceptibility. Mainly through the chickens of the secretions, feces, feathers, dander and other communication. Chickens rarely recovered, most of them dead end. Symptoms: chickens is characterized by movement disorders, often single or two feet had complete or incomplete paralysis, unsteady gait, one foot forward, and the other foot back, lying paralyzed, and sometimes drooping wings , blindness, chickens show weight loss, anemia or diarrhea. Necropsy visible tumor, the tumor can often appear in the ovary, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and other organs. Prevention: No effective treatment for this disease, mainly farms do a good job of comprehensive prevention, quarantine and disinfection work, found that chickens immediately eliminated. Normal chicks and adult chickens should be kept separate from health farms, introduction, 1 day old chicks can be vaccinated Marek vaccine (often in the incubator units.) 6. Bird flu Is caused by a virus, a serious disease. Different susceptibility of different types of poultry can be spread to each other. Mortality rates from 0% to 100%. Symptoms: Symptoms vary, often without the characteristic symptoms of acute outbreak, chickens no obvious symptoms or death. But the general performance of the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, reproductive tract and nervous system symptoms such as fever, depression, eating less, weight loss, hen egg production loss, cough and other chronic respiratory symptoms. In addition, visible tears, head and face edema, wattle blue-violet, diarrhea and neurological symptoms. The symptoms or appear alone or simultaneously. Prevention: No specific treatment, the occurrence should be strictly controlled, blocked the epidemic, killing chickens, disinfection, usually to strengthen the integrated health and epidemic prevention measures, the share of chicken to strict quarantine. 7. Histomoniasis Also known as blackhead disease or infectious hepatitis appendix is organized by the cecal trichomonad parasites on chicken liver and cause. Mainly occurs in young chicks and chicken, adult chicken mild. Symptoms: mental fatigue performance of chickens, Eat, drainage sulfur color stool samples. After a mostly chronic, leading to significant weight loss, weakness or anemia. Necropsy shows cecal wall swelling, ulcers, pale yellow cheese-like intestine within the core, the liver surface yellow-green ring, its central depression with ulcer-like lesions as fire Yamaguchi. Control: treatment available dimetridazole 0.08% 0.06% 0.05% spices or water, once every 6 to 7 days, or 0.04% furazolidone, feed mixing materials 7 to 10 days. Always pay attention to clean chicken coops, the size of chickens fed separately, in endemic areas are available from 0.015 to 0.02% dimetridazole spices prevention. 8. Coccidiosis Coccidiosis is an intestinal infection caused by acute epidemic infectious diseases. Coccidia parasitic in the cecum and small intestine mainly within, is a common protozoosis chicks. Primarily through fecal contaminated feed, water and other communication, high temperature, cold, wet, crowded, lack of vitamin a and K, and so can induce. Symptoms: mainly apathetic, deprivation, weight loss, eyes closed, wings drooping, thirsty, bloody or mucus discharge Xifen, often late downer, death, mortality can be as high as 50%. Necropsy certain intestinal and cecal mucosa visible swelling, redness, bleeding, dark red, full of intestinal contents, rotten thin, yellow-green or reddish brown. Control: 0.04% furazolidone spices available treatment, 0.02% spices to prevent, and even fed 7 days, or in the feed by adding 0.003% ~ 0.004% Robenidine. Spirit can also choose the ball dysentery, g ball powder anticoccidial drugs. 9. Vitamin d, calcium, phosphorus deficiency The disease is mainly due to the lack of three or calcium and phosphorus caused by disproportionate. Symptoms: chickens beak, legs and feet soft, weak wings, legs and sternum bending, joint swelling, standing firm, crouch ground, weakness, stunted growth, adult soft-shell eggs a hen or fragile. Control: The main diet should be a reasonable match to ensure that the content of the feed material and proportion of three appropriate. Supplementary light, clothing calcium, vitamin d injection and so on.