Horns, is Yao, Yi, Miao, Jingpo, Naxi, anger, Dai, Buyi, Tujia, Gelo, Li, Han and other ethnic musical instruments lip vibration gas alarms. Popular in Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Hunan, Guangdong, Hainan and other provinces, especially in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guizhou Province Qiannan Nandan, Southeast and other places most prevalent.
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Horns History
Horns, lip vibration gas alarms instrument has a long history, its origin and primitive hunting Witchcraft and other activities are closely related. In China's Shaanxi, Henan, Shandong and other places, there have been used in Neolithic pottery unearthed corner. Well Jiabao County, Shaanxi Province unearthed a pottery corner, is Yangshao MDG type, its shape is similar with horns, length 42 cm, internal diameter 1.8 cm mouthpiece, the bell inside diameter of 7.4 cm - 7.6 cm, tube wall thickness of 0.8 cm to 1 cm. Zhezhi Tao corner though mouthpiece smaller, but still blowing sound, the volume is also greater. When the horns horns and other commonly used, such parties have produced pottery corner. In prehistoric and Xia and Shang Dynasties, whether or pottery corner horns are used as signaling apparatus. Qin and Han dynasties, has been in the military ceremonial horn and advocating the use of music, in addition to the natural angle of the animal, also appeared in the corner with bamboo, wood, leather, copper and other materials. From "advocated in Han FIG band" can be seen, the use of large Han angle, the angle is not the natural horns, etc., but the angle of the artificial production. Ancient angle, first used in the minority, closely related to animal husbandry, hunting life. Eastern Jin Xu Guang "car service instrument system" in: "corner, past secretary are not contained, or cloud this out Qianghu blow to surprise Chinese horse, or a cloud of the Wu and Yue." (Quote from "North Church book copy" ). "Tongdian" there: "angle, secretary are not contained, the Wu and Yue Ma Rong Yun."
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Shape structure
The use of natural horns growing yellow or buffalo horns produce, often from local materials, specifications vary in size, generally a total length of 40 cm to 70 cm, the dead end side saw flat, drilled in the center Jukou pores within the angle lumen, the upper hole reaming and obtuse shape, similar to the mouthpiece. Some upper corner of the device is also a bamboo or wooden mouthpiece (Figure).
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Playing Methods
While playing, the smaller the angle body, his hands holding angle body blow; angles larger body, entrusted with the left hand bottom corner hold placed on the chest, right hand holding the angle body blow. No corner by the sound hole, and no fixed pitch, relying on lip changes and breath control, you can play a different pitch. The small high-pitched tone, sharp; greater timbre rich, melodious and can be used solo or ensemble. Hunan is also popular in some areas there are "Jade Huangfu", "Laojun Fu", "goat had depression" and horn melody. When playing with percussion accompaniment.
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各地牛角
Northern Qiannan Libo Nandan and other places of the Yao people, the use of the most distinctive large horns. Yao said the boat to Europe, Le force, literally translated as the horn, the tube with a specially grown buffalo production, amputated sharp angle, drill a hole diameter of 3 cm and angular interior chamber to 30 cm long bamboo Paulownia tube or hollow tube mouthpiece, _insert_ dead end side hole in the mouth corners external length 20 cm to 30 cm, with brown hair and local viscose liquid fat stick wrapped around a tree made of horn, pipe full Length 100 cm to 120 cm. When playing, corner with rope hanging shoulder, right hand corner of the lumbar support, left hand holding the mouthpiece woodwind, trumpet towards behind, blowing pronunciation, tone deep, deep, relatively loud volume. To increase the angle of the resonance and the sound changes, often at the corner of the bend cavity filling some water and put three, four big fist pebbles. Suitable for a long melody played bradycardia. During the Spring Festival, the traditional festivals, harvest celebrations and other occasions, Yao family will gather together to play fun. In addition to solo, but also often with drums, Yao drum, pulling horn ensemble with other instruments. In addition to Yao, the Tujia, Gelo, Li, Miao and other ethnic people also use this Big Horn.
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Existing situation
Beijing Chinese Art Institute of Chinese Academy of Music Instrument Museum horns only, which has a Hunan Miao horns, buffalo horn produced with a total length of 54 cm, 2 cm in diameter mouthpiece, diameter 0.5 cm, outside inlaid copper hoop, angular mouth was oval, diameter 10 cm, diameter of 6 cm shorter, nearly 12 centimeters of the tube mouthpiece body engraved with three ring ornamentation. This angle has been loaded "Chinese musical illustrations" in large pictures.
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Buddhist Encyclopedia
Angle [horns] (analogy) cattle. Side by side by analogy with the matter. Meditation auxiliary line a one said: "horn table double."