Chinese name: wildebeest Chinese alias: takin, takin Latin Literature Name: budorcas taxicolor (hodgson, 1850) English name: takin Category: Industry: animal kingdom animalia Door: chordates chordata Gang: mammalia mammalia Head: Artiodactyla artiodactyla Family: Bovidae bovidae Subfamilies: the subfamily musk ox Since 1850, the first specimens collected since the wildebeest, the wildebeest are sheep or cattle subfamily subfamily, scientists have been controversial not break, and now we tend to be assigned to the subfamily musk ox. This subfamily only two, one of Asia's wildebeest, one of North America musk ox. And wildebeest, as the musk ox is a cross between the ancient cattle between the animal. And according to Chinese scholars in Canada and confirmed that the ancestors of the North American musk ox in China. Wildebeest and musk oxen also lived in central China had, by the impact of Quaternary Ice Age, part of the southward migration of wildebeest; another part of the musk ox eastward through Siberia, across the Bering Strait to reach North America. Due to the long life of living in different environment, differentiation, the formation of two kinds of variation, but in the chromosome, kidney, liver, reproductive system, ribs, shape, etc., have similarities.
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Shape features
牛羚 外形特征
牛羚 外形特征
The overall form of wildebeest as cattle, stout body, weight 300-400 kg, the first large thick neck, short and thick limbs, especially the forelimbs than the hind legs stronger, hoof is also large. However, some parts of the body resembles a sheep has: kiss the nose of the uplift, tall at the shoulder hip high, short tail, into the animal jaw has to be, but also from the skull, limbs and trunk bones of view, like most sheep, internal organs and the reproductive system may also wish to sheep. Measured in biochemical terms, wildebeest and sheep also have a close genetic relationship. Some scientists have done a wildebeest and sheep, cattle species and genomic research, wildebeest and sheep, the same number of chromosome arms, if the two hybrids, there is the possibility of success. Wildebeest shoulder height of 110-120 cm, males weighing up to 400 kg, females 250 kg, the heaviest of wildebeest and even up to 1,000 kg. Both males and females have a shorter length of horn, generally about 20 cm. Body coat is pale golden yellow or brown. Submandibular and neck with long beard hanging like long hair. Males and females have thick horns, smooth sharp angle from the first bend on both sides of the head, then turn back at the top, tip angle inward. Thick body, stout limbs, shoulders tall at the hips, body length of 1.8 meters, an adult male can reach 2 meters. Adult males weighing 200-300 kg, a shorter tail and kissed the nose high and bent, like sheep. Shoulders above the buttocks, thick and bend angle on both sides. Its coat color varies according to young and old. Over the body white or yellowish-white, golden yellow for the elderly individual, not a back ridges. Kiss a black nose and limbs. Larvae whole body is gray-brown.
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Distribution
Wildebeest produced in China's southwest, northwest and Bhutan, India, Burma and other places, because of different origin, color faded from south to north. Our country's wildebeest, white body, known as the "Aries", the individual was a golden age, known as the "golden takin." Zhouzhi County, the main producing counties, generally producing counties Bai, Ningshan, Yangxian, Foping and Zhashui five counties, rather strong, Fengxian, Lueyang, Liuba, Mian, Chenggu, Zhen'an, household County, Mei County, Lam Tin, Chang also distributed in 11 counties, a total of 17 counties are located.
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Environment
Wildebeest is a typical alpine species, often inhabit the 2,500 meters high mountain forest, meadow areas, winter and migrate to 2500 meters below the coniferous forest of the rocky area. Collected at a variety of summer migration to high starch, vitamins and herbs. Into the mountains in winter or the sunny mountain plateau.
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Habits
牛羚 生活习性
Mainly grass, leaves and buds for food, usually in the daytime. Wildebeest's feeding activities prevalent in the morning and evening, more active during twilight. Plant species they eat as many as 100 species, so it has many nutrients, some are natural herbs, there are functional diarrhea insect can resist disease, lick it like fresh rock salt, saltpetre, or salt water to meet drinking their own needs, so the more salt the forest areas, often the gathering point of cattle. They have a thick body of the coat, can withstand cold, cold and afraid, but afraid of the heat, summer temperatures close to 30 ℃, per minute, which amounts to 100 times more than asthma. Composed of small populations in winter, the summer population can be expanded to 100 or more, the older bull antelope are basically alone. Each group of wildebeest, led by an adult male cattle, moving cattle, led by a strong individual and hold the line, the other members in the middle next to each other along the trail to walk along later. Normal activities of cattle, who generally have a strong high lookout tower sentry, as Yudi harm, will lead a cow herd rushed forward, unstoppable, until out of the woods. With strong soma and effort, you can always get rid of the arrival of the wildebeest clashing, deer, musk deer, serow, and other hoofed animals. Natural enemies of wildebeest are jackals. Do not look Takin drive bloated body, hump in the road when hunched over, staggering gait, but was able to jump over when needed 2.4-meter-high tree branches, or with the front legs, chest to deal with a block in advance trunk on the road, so bent until broken. When the wildebeest travel team is very disciplined, robust Bulls team were walking in front of and behind the cow and the middle ranks of young cattle. Group of cattle will not attack people, the risk is much lower. However, living alone with the temperament of cattle in the population of the wildebeest is a big difference. Summer is generally the wildebeest rut, in order to compete for the spouse, the bull wildebeest group will start a duel, by "violence" to determine the level-order, the losers tend to "anger" and stray away, become a single cow. As the number of wildebeest from the group became separated, and had its own "wandering." These seemingly melancholy of "Solo travelers", often irascible, easily hurt. Therefore, in the face of the lonely wildebeest, be especially careful, timely avoid to prevent danger. Encounter wildebeest, you can not panic, flee, you can immediately climbed high, or place to lie down motionless, wildebeest will not hurt people.
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Growth and reproduction
Wildebeest to enter the mating season from July to August each year, when the males become extremely violent nature of cattle, in order to fight female cattle, banteng strong start deadly duel each other, the losers relegated to group, the winner was able to mate with females . Wildebeest about 9 months of pregnancy, usually in the litter from March next year, one for each child. Average life expectancy of 12-15 years.
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Population Status
Wildebeest naturally honest, undefended, it is easy to fall into one of human hunting, or trapping them in traps, combined with the deterioration of ecological environment. Currently, the wildebeest are in the verge of extinction. China has established a two wildebeest nature reserves, because of the protection measures implemented, the current increasing number of wildebeest, currently has about 1300 Golden wildebeest habitat in western China.
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Protection level
牛羚 保护级别
National level to protect animals, was included in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora International Trade Convention, Appendix ii.
